<s>[INST] Evaluation of $\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}\sqrt{x^2+x+1} -\lfloor \sqrt{x^2+x+1 }\rfloor\;,$ Evaluation of $\displaystyle \lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}\sqrt{x^2+x+1} -\lfloor \sqrt{x^2+x+1 }\rfloor\;,$ where $\lfloor x \rfloor$ represent floor function of $x$.
$\bf{My\; Try}::$ 
$\bullet\; $If $x\in \mathbb{Z}\;,$ and $x\rightarrow \infty\;,$ Then $x^2<x^2+x+1<x^2+2x+1$
So $x<\sqrt{x^2+x+1}<(x+1)\;,$ So $\lfloor x^2+x+1 \rfloor = x\;,$ bcz it lies between two integers.
So $\displaystyle \lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}\left(\sqrt{x^2+x+1}-x\right) = \lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}\left(\sqrt{x^2+x+1}-x\right)\cdot \frac{\left(\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+x\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+x\right)}$ 
So $\displaystyle \lim_{x\rightarrow \infty} \frac{x+1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+x} = \frac{1}{2}$
$\bullet\; $ If $x\notin \mathbb{Z}$ and $x\rightarrow \infty\;,$ Then How can i solve the above limit in that case,
Help me, Thanks
 [/INST] As you mention, when $x$ is a large integer, the difference is roughly $1/2$. On the other hand, when $\sqrt{x^2+x+1}$ is an integer, which happens for unboundedly large $x$, the difference is $0$. This gives two different sequences tending to infinity with two different limits of your function $\sqrt{x^2+x+1}-\lfloor\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\rfloor$, showing that it doesn't tend to a limit. In fact, this shows that its $\liminf$ is $0$, and you can similarly show that the $\limsup$ is $1$.
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