<s>[INST] $x^{10}+x^{11}+\dots+x^{20}$ divided by $x^3+x$. Remainder? Question:

If $x^{10}+x^{11}+\dots+x^{20}$ is divided by $x^3+x$, then what is the remainder?
Options: (A) $x\qquad\quad$ (B)$-x\qquad\quad$ (C)$x^2\qquad\quad$ (D)$-x^2$

In these types of questions generally I follow the following approach:

Since divisor is cubic so the remainder must be a constant/linear/quadratic expression.
$\Rightarrow F(x)=(x^3+x)Q(x)+ax^2+bx+c$
For $x=0$, we get $c=0$

But since $x^3+x$ has no other roots so I can't find $a$ and $b$.
Please help.
Answer:

 Option (B)

 [/INST] The polynomial $x^{k+2}+x^k$ is divisible by $x^3+x$ for $k\ge 1.$ Hence $[x^{13}+x^{14}+\ldots +x^{20}]$ and $x^{10}+x^{12}$ are divisible by $x^3+x.$ We are down to $x^{11}$ (thanks @Cathedral ) and $$\displaylines{x^{11}=x^{11}+x^9-(x^9+x^7)+(x^7+x^5)\\ -(x^5+x^3)+(x^3+x)-x}$$
The remainder is equal $-x.$
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