<s>[INST] Finding $\int_{0}^{\pi} 2\pi\frac{R^2(z-R\cos\theta)\sin\theta }{\sqrt{(R^2+z^2-2zR\cos\theta)^3}}\,d\theta$ I am doing some physics problem and in order to solve it I need to solve the following integral:
$$ \int_{0}^{\pi} 2\pi\frac{R^2(z-R\cos\theta)\sin\theta }{\sqrt{(R^2+z^2-2zR\cos\theta)^3}}\,d\theta $$ where $z>R$. 
Considering physics of the problem I expect to get $\dfrac{4\pi R^2}{z^2}$ (although that can be wrong). I tried to do substitution $u=R^2+z^2-2zR\cos\theta$, but I did not succeed to get the solution. Also i tried to convert that real integral into complex integral to solve it, but also I did not succeed to get the solution. So my question is how to solve that integral?
Thank you for any help!
 [/INST] The change of variables $t = \frac{2 z R}{z^2+R^2} \cos(\theta)$ yields
\begin{align} f(z,R) &\equiv 2\pi R^2 \int \limits_{0}^{\pi} \frac{z-R\cos(\theta)}{(z^2+R^2-2zR\cos\theta)^{3/2}} \, \sin(\theta) \mathrm{d} \theta = \frac{\pi R}{\sqrt{z^2+R^2}} \int \limits_{-\frac{2 z R}{z^2+R^2}}^{\frac{2 z R}{z^2+R^2}} \frac{1-\frac{z^2+R^2}{2 z^2} t}{(1-t)^{3/2}} \, \mathrm{d} t \\
&= \frac{\pi R}{\sqrt{z^2+R^2}} \left[\frac{2}{\sqrt{1-t}} - \frac{z^2+R^2}{z^2} \frac{2-t}{\sqrt{1-t}}\right]_{t=-\frac{2 z R}{z^2+R^2}}^{t=\frac{2 z R}{z^2+R^2}} \, ,
\end{align}
where the second integral can be computed via integration by parts, for example. Now plug in the limits and after a few lines of algebra you should indeed arrive at
$$ f(z,R) = 4 \pi \frac{R^2}{z^2} \, . $$
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