<s>[INST] Calculate $\int_{-\infty}^\infty{x^2\,dx\over (1+x^2)^2}$ The question:\, 

Calculate $$\int_{-\infty}^\infty{x^2\,dx\over (1+x^2)^2}.$$

Book's final solution: $\dfrac\pi 2$.
My mistaken solution: I don't see where is my mistake because my final solution is $-\dfrac{\pi i}2$:
$$\begin{align}
\text{A}:\int_{-\infty}^\infty {x^2\over (1+x^2)^2}dx &= 2\int_{0}^\infty {x^2\over (1+x^2)^2}dx \quad\text{as the function is even}\\&=
-2\left(\text{Res}\left({z^2\over (1+z^2)^2}\cdot \ln(z) ,i\right)+\text{Res}\left({z^2\over (1+z^2)^2}\cdot \ln(z) ,-i\right)\right)\end{align}
$$
Calculate the residues: Since $\pm i$ are poles of order $2$, then
$$\begin{align}\text{B}:\text{Res}\left({z^2\ln z\over (1+z^2)^2} ,i\right)&={(2z\ln z+z^2\cdot z^{-1})(z+i)^2-z^2\ln z\cdot 2(z+i)\over (z+i)^4} \\&= \frac{(2i\ln i+i)(-4)+\ln i\cdot 4i }{16} \\ &= {1\over 16} (-8i\ln i -4i+4i\ln i)={-1\over 4}i(\ln i+1)\end{align}
$$
whereas
$$\begin{align}\text{C}:\text{Res}\left({z^2\ln z\over (1+z^2)^2} ,-i\right)&={(2z\ln z+z^2\cdot z^{-1})(z-i)^2-z^2\ln z\cdot 2(z-i)\over (z-i)^4} \\ &=\frac{(-2i\ln(- i)-i)(-4)+\ln (-i)\cdot (-4i)}{16} \\ &= {1\over 16} (8i\ln (-i) +4i-4i\ln(- i))={1\over 4}i(\ln (-i)+1)\end{align}
$$
Combining $\text A$, $\text B$ and $\text C$, we get
$$
\int_{-\infty}^\infty {x^2\over (1+x^2)^2}\,dx=-2\left({i\over 4}(\ln(-i)+1)-{i\over 4}(\ln i+1)\right)={-i\over 2}\left({3\pi\over 2}-{\pi\over 2}\right)={-\pi i \over 2}
$$
Where is my mistake? Thanks in advance!
 [/INST] Anyway, this integral doesn't require complex analysis: it is well-known that the antiderivatives of $\:\dfrac 1{(1+x^2)^n}\:$ can be calculated recursively. In this case, it is particularly simple:
Use integration parts to calculate the integral of $\frac1{1+x^2}$, setting
\begin{gather}
u=\frac1{1+x^2},\quad \mathrm d v=\mathrm dx,\quad\text{whence }\quad\mathrm du=\frac{-2x\,\mathrm dx}{(1+x^2)^2},\quad v=x \\[1ex]
\text{so }\qquad  \frac\pi 2=\int_{0}^\infty {\mathrm dx \over 1+x^2}=\frac x{1+x^2}\biggm|_0^\infty +2 \int_{0}^\infty {x^2\over (1+x^2)^2}\,\mathrm dx =2 \int_{0}^\infty {x^2\over (1+x^2)^2}\,\mathrm dx.
\end{gather}
</s>