There is no single known cause for any of the different types of<unk> s. The few known causes, which are not generally factors within the control of the average person, account for relatively few cases. The cause for most cases of<unk>  is unknown. The different<unk> s likely have different causes.<unk> , like other cancers, results from mutations in the DNA. Certain mutations can trigger<unk>  by activating oncogenes or deactivating tumor suppressor genes, and thereby disrupting the regulation of cell death, differentiation or division. These mutations may occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to radiation or carcinogenic substances. Among adults, the known causes are natural and artificial ionizing radiation and some chemicals, notably benzene and alkylating chemotherapy agents for previous malignancies. Use of tobacco is associated with a small increase in the risk of developing acute myeloid<unk>  in adults. Cohort and case-control studies have linked exposure to some petrochemicals and hair dyes to the development of some forms of<unk> . Diet has very limited or no effect, although eating more vegetables may confer a small protective benefit. Viruses have also been linked to some forms of<unk> . For example, human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell<unk> . A few cases of maternal-fetal transmission (a baby acquires<unk>  because its mother had<unk>  during the pregnancy) have been reported. Children born to mothers who use fertility drugs to induce ovulation are more than twice as likely to develop<unk>  during their childhoods than other children. Radiation Large doses of Sr-90 emission from nuclear reactor accidents, nicknamed bone seeker increases the risk of bone cancer and<unk>  in animals and is presumed to do so in people. Genetic conditions Some people have a genetic predisposition towards developing<unk> . This predisposition is demonstrated by family histories and twin studies. The affected people may have a single gene or multiple genes in common. In some cases, families tend to develop the same kinds of<unk>  as other members; in other families, affected people may develop different forms of<unk>  or related blood cancers. In addition to these genetic issues, people with chromosomal abnormalities or certain other genetic conditions have a greater risk of<unk> . For example, people with Down syndrome have a significantly increased risk of developing forms of acute<unk>  (especially acute myeloid<unk> , and Fanconi anemia is a risk factor for developing acute myeloid<unk> . Mutation in SPRED1 gene has been associated with a predisposition to childhood<unk> . Chronic myelogenous<unk>  is associated with a genetic abnormality called the Philadelphia translocation; 95% of people with CML carry the Philadelphia mutation, although this is not exclusive to CML and can be observed in people with other types of<unk> . Non-ionizing radiation Whether or not non-ionizing radiation causes<unk>  has been studied for several decades. The International Agency for Research on Cancer expert working group undertook a detailed review of all data on static and extremely low frequency electromagnetic energy, which occurs naturally and in association with the generation, transmission, and use of electrical power. They concluded that there is limited evidence that high levels of ELF magnetic (but not electric) fields might cause some cases of childhood<unk> . No evidence for a relationship to<unk>  or another form of malignancy in adults has been demonstrated. Since exposure to such levels of ELFs is relatively uncommon, the World Health Organization concludes that ELF exposure, if later proven to be causative, would account for just 100 to 2400 cases worldwide each year, representing 0.2 to 4.9% of the total incidence of childhood<unk>  for that year (about 0.03 to 0.9% of all<unk> s).
Leukemia
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Pythiosis
Progressive vaccinia
Agranulocytosis
Granulocytosis
Acute leukemia
Leukopenia