Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy account for about 90% of cases of<unk> . Parathyroid function * Primary hyperparathyroidism * Solitary parathyroid adenoma * Primary parathyroid hyperplasia * Parathyroid carcinoma * Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN1 & MEN2A) * Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism * Lithium use * Familial hypocalciuric<unk> /familial benign<unk>  Cancer Micrograph of ovarian small cell carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type. H&E stain. * Solid tumour with metastasis (e.g. breast cancer or classically squamous cell carcinoma, which can be PTHrP-mediated) * Solid tumour with humoral mediation of<unk>  (e.g. lung cancer, most commonly non-small cell lung cancer or kidney cancer, phaeochromocytoma) * Haematologic cancers (multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukaemia) * Ovarian small cell carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type Vitamin-D disorders * Hypervitaminosis D (vitamin D intoxication) * Elevated 1,25(OH)2D (see calcitriol under Vitamin D) levels (e.g. sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases such as tuberculosis, berylliosis, histoplasmosis, Crohn's disease, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis) * Idiopathic<unk>  of infancy * Rebound<unk>  after rhabdomyolysis High bone-turnover * Hyperthyroidism * Multiple myeloma * Prolonged immobilization * Paget's disease * Thiazide use * Vitamin A intoxication Kidney failure * Tertiary hyperparathyroidism * Aluminium intoxication * Milk-alkali syndrome Other * Acromegaly * Adrenal insufficiency * Zollinger–Ellison syndrome * Williams Syndrome
Hypercalcaemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hypocalcemia
Hyperaemia
Hypouricemia
Hyponatremia
Hypokalemia
Hypernatremia