<unk><unk>  is the accumulation of mutations and epimutations in<unk>  cells (the cells of a body, as opposed to germ plasm and stem cells) during a lifetime, and the effects of those mutations and epimutations on the fitness of those cells. This<unk> ary process has first been shown by the studies of Bert Vogelstein in colon cancer.<unk><unk>  is important in the process of aging as well as the development of some diseases, including cancer.
Somatic evolution in cancer
Hosaka–Cohen transformation
Spaceflight radiation carcinogenesis
Tumor budding
Neoadjuvant therapy
Field cancerization
Biological effects of radiation on the epigenome
Cancer selection