The<unk>  is a presumed reduction in thyroid hormone levels caused by ingestion of a large amount of iodine. It was discovered by Drs. Jan<unk>  and Israel Lyon<unk>  at the University of California, Berkeley: in 1948, they reported that injection of iodine in rats almost completely inhibited organification (thyroglobulin iodination) in the thyroid gland. However, recent research into the study shows that the thyroid hormone levels of the rats were not checked prior to injections. Patients with Graves' disease are more sensitive than euthyroid patients, and iodine has been used to manage Graves' disease. The<unk>  is known as an autoregulatory phenomenon that inhibits organification in the thyroid gland, the formation of thyroid hormones inside the thyroid follicle, and the release of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. This becomes evident secondary to elevated levels of circulating iodide. The<unk>  is an<unk> ive means of rejecting a large quantity of imbibed iodide, and therefore preventing the thyroid from synthesizing large quantities of thyroid hormone. Excess iodide transiently inhibits thyroid iodide organification. In individuals with a normal thyroid, the gland eventually escapes from this inhibitory<unk>  and iodide organification resumes; however, in patients with underlying autoimmune thyroid disease, the suppressive action of high iodide may persist. The<unk>  lasts several days (around 10 days), after which it is followed by an "escape phenomenon," which is described by resumption of normal organification of iodine and normal thyroid peroxidase function. "Escape phenomenon" is believed to occur because of decreased inorganic iodine concentration inside the thyroid follicle below a critical threshold secondary to down-regulation of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) on the basolateral membrane of the thyroid follicular cell. The<unk>  has been used as a treatment principle against hyperthyroidism (especially thyroid storm) by infusion of a large amount of iodine to suppress the thyroid gland. Iodide was used to treat hyperthyroidism before antithyroid drugs such as propylthiouracil and methimazole were developed. Hyperthyroid subjects given iodide may experience a decrease in basal metabolic rate that is comparable to that seen after thyroidectomy. The<unk>  also explains the hypothyroidism produced in some patients by several iodine-containing drugs, including amiodarone. The<unk>  is also part of the mechanism for the use of potassium iodide in nuclear emergencies.
Wolff–Chaikoff effect
Mandelbaum effect
Baskerville effect
Haldane effect
Bowditch effect
Windkessel effect
Eagle effect
Flynn effect