The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with<unk> , however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose<unk> : * Abnormally thin placenta (less than 1 cm) * Circumvallate placenta (1% of normal placentas) * Amnion cell metaplasia, (amnion nodosum) (present in 65% of normal placentas) * Increased syncytial knots * Calcifications * Infarcts due to focal or diffuse thickening of blood vessels * Villi capillaries occupying about 50% of the villi volume or when <40% of capillaries are on the villous periphery<unk>  should not be confused with complete placental abruption, in which the placenta separates off the uterine wall, which immediately results in no blood flow to the placenta, which leads to immediate fetal demise. In the case of a marginal, incomplete placental abruption of less than 50%, usually weeks of hospitalization precedes delivery and outcomes are not necessarily affected by the partial abruption.
Placental insufficiency
Placental disease
Fetal-maternal haemorrhage
Foetal cerebral redistribution
Retained placenta
Placental expulsion
Umbilical cord compression
Fetal distress