Urine protein loss leads to total body swelling (generalized edema) and abdominal distension in the first several weeks to months of life. Fluid retention may lead to cough (from pulmonary edema), ascites, and widened cranial sutures and fontanelles. High urine protein loss can lead to foamy appearance of urine. Infants may be born prematurely with low birth weight, and have meconium stained amniotic fluid or a large placenta. Complications * Frequent, severe infections: urinary loss of immunoglobulins * Malnutrition and poor growth * Blood clots (hypercoagulability): imbalance of plasma coagulation factors from urine protein loss * Hypothyroidism: urinary loss of thyroid-binding protein * Poor bone health associated with vitamin D deficiency: urinary loss of vitamin D binding protein * Acute kidney injury * Chronic kidney disease and ultimately end-stage kidney disease
Congenital nephrotic syndrome
Cystic kidney disease
Medullary cystic kidney disease
Glomerulocystic kidney disease
Juvenile nephronophthisis
Malarial nephropathy
Polycystic kidney disease
Transplant glomerulopathy