The esophagus is a muscular tube made of both voluntary and involuntary muscles. It is responsible for peristalsis of food. It is about 8 inches long and passes through the diaphragm before entering the stomach. The esophagus is made up of three layers: from the inside out, they are the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa. The mucosa, the inner most layer and lining of the esophagus, is composed of stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. At the end of the esophagus is the lower esophageal sphincter, which normally prevents stomach acid from entering the esophagus. If the sphincter is not sufficiently tight, it may allow acid to enter the esophagus,<unk> ng inflammation of one or more layers. Esophagitis may also occur if an infection is present, which may be due to bacteria, viruses, or fungi; or by diseases that affect the immune system. Irritation can be<unk> d by GERD, vomiting, surgery,<unk> ions, hernias, and radiation injury. Inflammation can<unk>  the esophagus to narrow, which makes swallowing food difficult and may result in food bolus impaction.
medical cause of Dysphagia
symptom of Esophageal cancer
symptom of Stomach cancer
complications of Dysphagia
symptom of Gastroesophageal reflux disease
symptom of Hiatal hernia
symptom of Hirschsprung's disease
symptom of Klippel–Feil syndrome