Electromyographical biofeedback or myofeedback could provide patients who suffer from<unk>  the ability to create myo-electrical potentials that they can interpret. This method provides patients with information about muscle contraction that is normally subliminal. Electromyographical biofeedback enables the patient to regain control of muscles that are involved in<unk>  expression that have been atrophied. Brener’s model was one of the first models to describe the circuitry of the role of feedback for voluntary control of physiological processes. His method allows images of feedback that can produce effects on the voluntary control of motor responses, it involves two<unk>  systems: an effector mechanism and feedback loops. There are<unk>  systems that are the<unk>  sensory integration system and the<unk>  motor system. The interaction of both of these systems enables the<unk>  motor pathways and a<unk>  feedback loop that determine the activity of the effector system when it is innervated by the motor nerve (figure 1). From this pathway, self instruction moves in a pattern that is called a response image. This response is often the actual movement of the directed response. Therefore, by knowing the loop, it allows full or dysfunctional proprioceptive feedback and exteroceptive control of the movement that is necessary in<unk>  muscles. Neuro developmental treatment From the knowledge of the sensimotor development a number of other automatic reactions were distinguished, such as balance, support and automatic adaptations of muscle power changes to postures. Patients with hemiplegia have movements that are lower level and less motor coordination, and often must relearn these movements to continue or gain normal automatic transitions in the body. Neuro developmental treatment (NDT) often improves daily functioning and self-help. This treatment centers on reversing disabilities, specifically for patients who are hemiplegic with impaired sensimotor and neuropsychological functions. Muscle regulation that is disturbed, often called hypo or hypertonic, causes abnormal movement patterns. These automatic reactions are impaired, and patients must learn these movements and remember mentally and physically the positions. NDT uses muscle power techniques through inhibiting and stimulating certain muscle groups, which aims to lower or increase muscle tone. For<unk>  expression, therapists often help the patient make<unk>  expressions by manipulating specific muscles with their fingers. The patient then tries to imitate the<unk>  expressions. Speech therapy helps correct word pronunciation. NDT is directed at the functioning of the whole body, and not just the face. Understanding the direct mechanisms of the face is required to determine the dysfunction of specific muscles. NDT seems to be effective, but spontaneous motor movement that is controlled was not examined.
Central facial palsy
Facial nerve paralysis
Bilateral vestibulopathy
Bulbar palsy
Pseudobulbar palsy
Oculoauricular syndrome
Trigeminal trophic syndrome
Sixth nerve palsy