As with any procedure there can be complications most of which can be greatly decreased by having an experienced professional on the birth team. An ultrasound to estimate a sufficient amount of amniotic fluid and monitoring of the fetus immediately after the procedure can also help minimize risks. Evidence of complications of<unk>  from clinical trials is limited, but<unk>  does reduce the chance of breech presentation at birth and caesarian section. The 2015 Cochrane review concluded that "large observational studies suggest that complications are rare". Typical risks include umbilical cord entanglement, abruption of placenta, preterm labor, premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and severe maternal discomfort. Overall complication rates have ranged from about 1 to 2 percent since 1979. While somewhat out of favour between 1970 and 1980, the procedure has seen an increase in use due to its relative safety. Successful<unk>  significantly decreases the rate of cesarean section, however, women are still at an increased risk of instrumental delivery (ventouse and forceps delivery) and cesarean section compared to women with spontaneous<unk>  presentation (head first).
External cephalic version
Cordotomy
Omphalotomy
Cordectomy
Vaginal delivery
Trial of labour
Lower segment Caesarean section
Infant massage