There are patients for whom an<unk>  is not appropriate. Those with anxiety disorders, claustrophobia, schizophrenia, or low pain tolerance are poor candidates for an<unk>  surgery because any treatment of a psychological crisis would harm the procedure and could harm the patient. Additionally, patients with obstructive sleep apnea are usually considered poor candidates due to problems with oxygenation, ventilation, and a potentially difficult airway.
Awake craniotomy
Craniotomy
Suboccipital puncture
Decompressive craniectomy
Cranioplasty
Minimal-access cranial suspension
Frontal sinus trephination
Astragalectomy