The<unk>  is a tool used in pre-hospital and emergency medicine to estimate the total body surface area (BSA) affected by a burn. In addition to determining burn severity, the measurement of burn surface area is important for estimating patients' fluid requirements and determining hospital admission criteria. The rule of<unk>  was devised by Pulaski and Tennison in 1947, and published by Alexander Burns<unk>  in 1951. To estimate the body surface area of a burn, the rule of<unk>  assigns BSA values to each major body part: Body Part Estimated BSA Adults Children Entire left arm 9% 9% Entire right arm 9% 9% Head & neck 9% 18% Entire chest 9% 9% Entire abdomen 9%+ 1% (Genitals) 9% Entire back 18% 18% Entire left leg 18% 14% Entire right leg 18% 14% Burn severity is determined through, among other things, the size of the skin affected. The image shows the makeup of different body parts, to help assess burn size. This allows the emergency medical provider to obtain a quick estimate of how much body surface area is burned. For example, if a patient's entire back (18%) and entire left leg (18%) are burned, about 36% of the patient's BSA is affected. The BSAs assigned to each body part refer to the entire body part. So, for example, if half of a patient's left leg were burned, it would be assigned a BSA value of 9% (half the total surface area of the leg). Thus, if a patient's entire back (18%), but only half of their left leg (9%) was burned, the amount of BSA affected would be 27%.
Wallace rule of nines
Goldwater rule
Arndt–Schulz rule
Reed's rules
Fernandez reaction
Eichler's rule
Westgard rules
Köllner's rule