Lifestyle Women can reduce their risk of<unk>  by maintaining a healthy weight, reducing alcohol use, increasing physical activity, and<unk> -feeding. These modifications might prevent 38% of<unk> s in the US, 42% in the UK, 28% in Brazil, and 20% in China. The benefits with moderate exercise such as brisk walking are seen at all age groups including postmenopausal women. High levels of physical activity reduce the risk of<unk>  by about 14%. Strategies that encourage regular physical activity and reduce obesity could also have other benefits, such as reduced risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The American Cancer Society and the American Society of Clinical Oncology advised in 2016 that people should eat a diet high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes. High intake of citrus fruit has been associated with a 10% reduction in the risk of<unk> . Marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids appear to reduce the risk. High consumption of soy-based foods may reduce risk. Pre-emptive surgery Removal of both<unk> s before any cancer has been diagnosed or any suspicious lump or other lesion has appeared (a procedure known as "prophylactic bilateral mastectomy" or "risk reducing mastectomy") may be considered in women with<unk> 1 and<unk> 2 mutations, which are associated with a substantially heightened risk for an eventual diagnosis of<unk> . Evidence is not strong enough to support this procedure in anyone but women at the highest risk.<unk>  testing is recommended in those with a high family risk after genetic counseling. It is not recommended routinely. This is because there are many forms of changes in<unk>  genes, ranging from harmless polymorphisms to obviously dangerous frameshift mutations. The effect of most of the identifiable changes in the genes is uncertain. Testing in an average-risk person is particularly likely to return one of these indeterminate, useless results. Removing the second<unk>  in a person who has<unk>  (contralateral risk‐reducing mastectomy or CRRM) may reduce the risk of cancer in the second<unk> , however, it is unclear if removing the second<unk>  in those who have<unk>  improves survival. Medications The selective estrogen receptor modulators reduce the risk of<unk>  but increase the risk of thromboembolism and endometrial cancer. There is no overall change in the risk of death. They are thus not recommended for the prevention of<unk>  in women at average risk but it is recommended they be offered for those at high risk and over the age of 35. The benefit of<unk>  reduction continues for at least five years after stopping a course of treatment with these medications. Aromatase inhibitors (such as exemestane and anasatrozole) may be more effective than selective estrogen receptor modulators (such as tamoxifen) at reducing<unk>  risk and they are not associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolism.
Breast cancer
Mastitis
Ovarian cancer
Fibrocystic breast changes
Prostate cancer
Breast disease
Skin cancer
Cervical cancer