Calcific disease Calcification of the leaflets of the aortic valve is a common with increasing age, but the mechanism is likely to be more related to increased lipoprotein deposits and inflammation than the "wear and tear" of advance age. Aortic<unk>  due to calcification of tricuspid aortic valve with age comprises >50% of the disease. Aortic<unk>  due to calcification of a bicuspid aortic valve comprises about 30-40% of the disease. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemia and uremia may speed up the process of valvular calcification. Dysplasia Heart valve dysplasia is an error in the development of any of the heart valves, and a common cause of congenital heart defects in humans as well as animals; tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect with four abnormalities, one of which is<unk>  of the pulmonary valve. Ebstein's anomaly is an abnormality of the tricuspid valve, and its presence can lead to tricuspid valve regurgitation. A bicuspid aortic valve is an aortic valve with only 2 cusps as opposed to the normal 3. It is present in about 0.5% to 2% of the general population and causes increased calcification due to higher turbulent flow through the valve. Connective tissue disorders Marfan's Syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that can lead to chronic aortic or<unk>  regurgitation. Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disorder in formation of type I collagen and can also lead to chronic aortic regurgitation. Inflammatory disorders Inflammation of the heart valves due to any cause is called valvular endocarditis; this is usually due to bacterial infection but may also be due to cancer (marantic endocarditis), certain autoimmune conditions (Libman-Sacks endocarditis, seen in systemic lupus erythematosus) and hypereosinophilic syndrome (Loeffler endocarditis). Endocarditis of the valves can lead to regurgitation through that valve, which is seen in the tricuspid,<unk> , and aortic valves. Certain<unk> ions have been associated with valvular heart disease, most prominently ergotamine derivatives pergolide and cabergoline. Valvular heart disease resulting from rheumatic fever is referred to as rheumatic heart disease. Damage to the heart valves follows infection with beta-hemolytic bacteria, such as typically of the respiratory tract. Pathogenesis is dependent on the cross-reaction of M proteins produced by bacteria with the myocardium. This results in generalized inflammation in the heart, this manifests in the<unk>  valve as vegetations, and thickening or fusion of the leaflets, leading to a severely compromised buttonhole valve. In 70% of cases Rheumatic heart disease involves only the<unk>  valve, and 25% cases involve both the aortic and<unk>  valves. Involvement of other heart valves without damage to the<unk>  are exceedingly rare.<unk><unk>  is almost always caused by rheumatic heart disease. Less than 10% of aortic<unk>  is caused by rheumatic heart disease. Rheumatic fever can also cause chronic<unk>  and aortic regurgitation. While developed countries once had a significant burden of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease,<unk>  advances and improved social conditions have dramatically reduced their incidence. Many developing countries, as well as indigenous populations within developed countries, still carry a significant burden of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease and there has been a resurgence in efforts to eradicate the diseases in these populations. Diseases of the aortic root can cause chronic aortic regurgitation. These diseases include syphilitic aortitis, Behçet's disease, and reactive arthritis Heart disease Tricuspid regurgitation is usually secondary to right ventricular dilation which may be due to left ventricular failure (the most common cause), right ventricular infarction, inferior myocardial infarction, or cor pulmonale Other causes of tricuspid regurgitation include carcinoid syndrome and myxomatous degeneration.
medical cause of Mitral valve stenosis
medical cause of Mitral insufficiency
medical cause of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
medical cause of Dilated cardiomyopathy
medical cause of Pericarditis
medical cause of Coronary artery disease
symptom of Mitral valve stenosis
medical cause of Myocarditis