Percentage of rotavirus tests with positive results, by surveillance week, United States, July 2000 – June 2009 Water, sanitation, hygiene A supply of easily accessible uncontaminated water and good sanitation practices are important for reducing rates of infection and clinically significant<unk> . Personal hygiene measures (such as hand washing with soap) have been found to decrease rates of<unk>  in both the developing and developed world by as much as 30%. Alcohol-based<unk> ls may also be effective. Food or drink that is thought to be contaminated should be avoided. Breastfeeding is important, especially in places with poor hygiene, as is improvement of hygiene<unk> nerally. Breast milk reduces both the frequency of infections and their duration. Vaccination Due to both its effectiveness and safety, in 2009 the World Health Organization recommended that the rotavirus vaccine be offered to all children globally. Two commercial rotavirus vaccines exist and several more are in development. In Africa and Asia these vaccines reduced severe disease among infants and countries that have put in place national immunization programs have seen a decline in the rates and severity of disease. This vaccine may also prevent illness in non-vaccinated children by reducing the number of circulating infections. Since 2000, the implementation of a rotavirus vaccination program in the United States has substantially decreased the number of cases of diarrhea by as much as 80 percent. The first dose of vaccine should be given to infants between 6 and 15 weeks of age. The oral cholera vaccine has been found to be 50–60% effective over two years. There are a number of vaccines against<unk>  in development. For example, vaccines against Shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which are two of the leading bacterial causes of<unk>  worldwide.
Gastroenteritis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Enterocolitis
Lactose intolerance
Gastroenterocolitis
Malabsorption
Enteritis
Paracetamol poisoning