<unk>  was first defined by Dr. Brian McCabe in a landmark paper describing an<unk>  loss of hearing. The<unk>  results in progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) that acts bilaterally and asymmetrically, and sometimes affects an individual's vestibular system.<unk>  is used to describe any disorder in which the<unk>  ear is damaged as a result of an<unk>  response. Some examples of<unk>  disorders that have presented with<unk>  are Cogan's syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa, Sjogren's syndrome, and Lyme<unk> . Research has come to the consensus that<unk>  is the result of antibodies or other immune cells that cause damage to structures of the<unk>  ear such as the cochlea and vestibular system. Of note,<unk>  is the only known SNHL that responds to medical treatment, but withholding treatment for longer than three months may result in permanent hearing loss and the need for cochlear implant installation. Although<unk>  has been studied extensively over the past 25 years, no clear mechanism of pathogenesis has emerged. A recent paper performed a literature review of all relevant articles dating back to 1980, and proposed a mechanism of pathogenesis which includes an inflammatory response and immune cell attack on<unk>  ear structures. This response leads to an over-activation of other immune cells such as T helper cells, resulting in vascular changes and cochlear harm.<unk>  appears to be a consequence of damaged sensorineural hearing due to electrochemical disturbances, microthrombosis, and immune cell deposition. Additionally, self-reactive antibodies and T-cells contribute to the aforementioned damage. Research has suggested a valuable next step in uncovering<unk>  pathogenesis is inquiry into the role of<unk> leukin-1β (IL-1β).
Autoimmune inner ear disease
Neuroendocrine adenoma middle ear
Noise-induced hearing loss
Labyrinthine fistula
Vibroacoustic disease
Vestibular adenitis
Red ear syndrome
Optic nerve tumor