<unk>  is a cognitive process and a form of attention that motivates or propels an individual's behavior towards or away from a particular object, perceived event or outcome.<unk>  regulates the intensity of behaviors that facilitate the attainment of a particular goal, the amount of time and energy that an individual is willing to expend to attain a particular goal, and the amount of risk that an individual is willing to accept while working to attain a particular goal.<unk>  is composed of two component processes that are defined by their attractive or aversive effects on an individual's behavior relative to a particular stimulus: incentive<unk>  and aversive<unk> . Incentive<unk>  is the attractive form of<unk>  that causes approach behavior, and is associated with operant reinforcement, desirable outcomes, and pleasurable stimuli. Aversive<unk>  is the aversive form of<unk>  that causes avoidance behavior, and is associated with operant punishment, undesirable outcomes, and unpleasant stimuli.
Motivational salience
Character orientation
Concept creep
Situational strength
Out-of-body experience
Verbalisation
Mood congruence
Structural competency