<unk> s <unk> assemias) are a group of inherited blood disorders. They are forms of<unk> assemia caused by reduced or absent synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin that result in variable outcomes ranging from severe anemia to clinically asymptomatic individuals. Global annual incidence is estimated at one in 100,000.<unk> s occur due to malfunctions in the hemoglobin subunit beta or HBB. The severity of the disease depends on the nature of the mutation. HBB blockage over time leads to decreased beta-chain synthesis. The body's inability to construct new beta-chains leads to the underproduction of HbA (adult hemoglobin). Reductions in HbA available overall to fill the red blood cells in turn leads to microcytic anemia. Microcytic anemia ultimately develops in respect to inadequate HBB protein for sufficient red blood cell functioning. Due to this factor, the patient may require blood transfusions to make up for the blockage in the beta-chains. Repeated blood transfusions cause severe problems associated with iron overload.
Beta thalassemia
Thalassemia
Delta-beta thalassemia
Alpha-thalassemia
Sickle cell-beta thalassemia
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Diamond–Blackfan anemia
Hereditary spherocytosis