The main risk factor is a history of diabetes mellitus type 2. Occasionally it may occur in those without a prior history of diabetes or those with diabetes mellitus type 1. Triggers include infections, stroke, trauma, certain medications, and heart attacks. Other risk factors: * Lack of sufficient insulin (but enough to prevent ketosis) * Poor kidney function * Poor fluid intake (dehydration) * Older age (50–70 years) * Certain medical conditions (cerebral vascular injury, myocardial infarction, sepsis) * Certain medications (glucocorticoids, beta-blockers, thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and phenytoin)
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Exercise-associated hyponatremia
Hypotonic hyponatremia
Isotonic hyponatremia
Ketotic hypoglycemia
Hyperosmolar syndrome
Reactive hypoglycemia