There are more than 200 types of<unk> s. Some are<unk> rmless and some are life-threatening. The description of the<unk>  and findings on neurological examination, determine whether additional tests are needed and what treatment is best.<unk> s are broadly classified as "primary" or "secondary". Primary<unk> s are benign, recurrent<unk> s not caused by underlying disease or structural problems. For example, migraine is a type of primary<unk> . While primary<unk> s may cause significant daily pain and disability, they are not dangerous from a physiological point of view. Secondary<unk> s are caused by an underlying disease, like an infection, head injury, vascular disorders, brain bleed, stomach irritation, or tumors. Secondary<unk> s can be dangerous. Certain "red flags" or warning signs indicate a secondary<unk>  may be dangerous. Primary Ninety percent of all<unk> s are primary<unk> s. Primary<unk> s usually first start when people are between 20 and 40 years old. The most common types of primary<unk> s are migraines and tension-type<unk> s. They<unk> ve different characteristics. Migraines typically present with pulsing head pain, nausea, photophobia (sensitivity to light) and phonophobia (sensitivity to sound). Tension-type<unk> s usually present with non-pulsing "bandlike" pressure on both sides of the head, not accompanied by other symptoms. Such kind of<unk> s maybe further classified into-episodic and chronic tension type<unk> s Other very rare types of primary<unk> s include: * cluster<unk> s: short episodes (15–180 minutes) of severe pain, usually around one eye, with autonomic symptoms (tearing, red eye, nasal congestion) which occur at the same time every day. Cluster<unk> s can be treated with triptans and prevented with prednisone, ergotamine or lithium. * trigeminal neuralgia or occipital neuralgia: shooting face pain * hemicrania continua: continuous unilateral pain with episodes of severe pain. Hemicrania continua can be relieved by the medication indomethacin. * primary stabbing<unk> : recurrent episodes of stabbing "ice pick pain" or "jabs and jolts" for 1 second to several minutes without autonomic symptoms (tearing, red eye, nasal congestion). These<unk> s can be treated with indomethacin. * primary cough<unk> : starts suddenly and lasts for several minutes after coughing, sneezing or straining (anything that may increase pressure in the head). Serious causes (see secondary<unk> s red flag section) must be ruled out before a diagnosis of "benign" primary cough<unk>  can be made. * primary exertional<unk> : throbbing, pulsatile pain which starts during or after exercising, lasting for 5 minutes to 24 hours. The mechanism behind these<unk> s is unclear, possibly due to straining causing veins in the head to dilate, causing pain. These<unk> s can be prevented by not exercising too strenuously and can be treated with medications such as indomethacin. * primary sex<unk> : dull, bilateral<unk>  that starts during sexual activity and becomes much worse during orgasm. These<unk> s are thought to be due to lower pressure in the head during sex. It is important to realize that<unk> s that begin during orgasm may be due to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, so serious causes must be ruled out first. These<unk> s are treated by advising the person to stop sex if they develop a<unk> . Medications such as propranolol and diltiazem can also be helpful. * hypnic<unk> : moderate-severe<unk>  that starts a few hours after falling asleep and lasts 15–30 minutes. The<unk>  may recur several times during night. Hypnic<unk> s are usually in older women. They may be treated with lithium. Secondary<unk> s may be caused by problems elsewhere in the head or neck. Some of these are not<unk> rmful, such as cervicogenic<unk>  (pain arising from the neck muscles). The excessive use of painkillers can paradoxically cause worsening painkiller<unk> s. More serious causes of secondary<unk> s include the following: * meningitis: inflammation of the meninges which presents with fever and meningismus, or stiff neck * bleeding inside the brain (intracranial hemorrhage) * subarachnoid hemorrhage (acute, severe<unk> , stiff neck without fever) * ruptured aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, intraparenchymal hemorrhage<unk>  only) * brain tumor: dull<unk> , worse with exertion and change in position, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Often, the person will<unk> ve nausea and vomiting for weeks before the<unk>  starts. * temporal arteritis: inflammatory disease of arteries common in the elderly (average age 70) with fever,<unk> , weight loss, jaw claudication, tender vessels by the temples, polymyalgia rheumatica * acute closed angle glaucoma (increased pressure in the eyeball):<unk>  that starts with eye pain, blurry vision, associated with nausea and vomiting. On physical exam, the person will<unk> ve a red eye and a fixed, mid dilated pupil. * Post-ictal<unk> s:<unk> s that<unk> ppen after a convulsion or other type of seizure, as part of the period after the seizure (the post-ictal state) Gastrointestinal disorders may cause<unk> s, including Helicobacter pylori infection, celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, gastroparesis, and hepatobiliary disorders. The treatment of the gastrointestinal disorders may lead to a remission or improvement of<unk> s. Migraine<unk> s are also associated with Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS). CVS is characterized by episodes of severe vomiting, and often occur alongside symptoms similar to those of migraine<unk> s (photophobia, abdominal pain, etc).
Headache
Toothache
Nausea
Tinnitus
Osmophobia
Vomiting
Dizziness
Nasal congestion