Mechanism of<unk> -mediated endocytosis.<unk>  performs critical roles in shaping rounded vesicles in the cytoplasm for intracellular trafficking.<unk> -coated vesicles (CCV) selectively sort cargo at the cell membrane, trans-Golgi network, and endosomal compartments for multiple membrane traffic pathways. After a vesicle buds into the cytoplasm, the coat rapidly disassembles, allowing the<unk>  to recycle while the vesicle gets transported to a variety of locations. Adaptor molecules are responsible for self-assembly and recruitment. Two examples of adaptor proteins are AP180 and epsin. AP180 is used in synaptic vesicle formation. It recruits<unk>  to membranes and also promotes its polymerization. Epsin also recruits<unk>  to membranes and promotes its polymerization, and can help deform the membrane, and thus<unk> -coated vesicles can bud. In a cell, a triskelion floating in the cytoplasm binds to an adaptor protein, linking one of its feet to the membrane at a time. The skelion will bind to other ones attached to the membrane to form a polyhedral lattice, skelion, which pulls the membrane into a bud. The skelion does not bind directly to the membrane, but binds to the adaptor proteins that recognize the molecules on the membrane surface.<unk>  has another function aside from the coating of organelles. In non-dividing cells, the formation of<unk> -coated vesicles occurs continuously. Formation of<unk> -coated vesicles is shut down in cells undergoing mitosis. During mitosis,<unk>  binds to the spindle apparatus, in complex with two other proteins: TACC3 and ch-TOG/CKAP5.<unk>  aids in the congression of chromosomes by stabilizing kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle. The amino-terminal domain of the<unk>  heavy chain and the TACC domain of TACC3 make the microtubule binding surface for TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin to bind to the mitotic spindle. The stabilization of kinetochore fibers requires the trimeric structure of<unk>  in order to crosslink microtubules.<unk> -mediated endocytosis (CME) regulates many cellular physiological processes such as the internalization of growth factors and receptors, entry of pathogens, and synaptic transmission. It is believed that cellular invaders use the nutrient pathway to gain access to a cell's replicating mechanisms. Certain signalling molecules open the nutrients pathway. Two chemical compounds called Pitstop 1 and Pitstop 2, selective<unk>  inhibitors, can interfere with the pathogenic activity, and thus protect the cells against invasion. These two compounds selectively block the endocytic ligand association with the<unk>  terminal domain in vitro. However, the specificity of these compounds to block<unk> -mediated endocytosis has been questioned.
Clathrin
Internexin
Apamin
Peripherin
Tetraspanin
Telokin
Reelin
Dystrophin