The signs and symptoms of NCS are all derived from the outflow obstruction of the left renal vein. The compression causes renal vein hypertension, leading to hematuria (which can lead to anemia) and abdominal pain (classically left flank or pelvic pain). The abdominal pain may improve or worsen depending on positioning. Patients may also have orthostatic proteinuria, or the presence of protein in their urine depending on how they sit or stand. Since the left gonadal vein drains via the left renal vein, it can also result in left testicular pain in men or left lower quadrant pain in women, especially during intercourse and during menstruation. Occasionally, the gonadal vein swelling may lead to ovarian vein<unk>  in women. Nausea and vomiting can result due to compression of the splanchnic veins. An unusual manifestation of NCS includes varicocele formation and varicose veins in the lower limbs. Another clinical study has shown that<unk>  is a frequent finding in varicocele-affected patients and possibly,<unk>  should be routinely excluded as a possible cause of varicocele and pelvic congestion. In women, the hypertension in the left gonadal vein can also cause increased pain during menses.
Nutcracker syndrome
Wieacker syndrome
MASS syndrome
Emmonsiosis
Pellegrini–Stieda syndrome
Riddoch syndrome
Aortoenteric fistula
EAST syndrome