<unk>  is completed at the time of extraction. After removal of the tooth, the gum is elevated away from the bone, the<unk>  is thoroughly cleansed, and antibiotic powder may be used. A barrier membrane is then fastened to the gum, the<unk>  is packed with bone grafting material and the wound closed over the barrier membrane. Where the barrier membrane does not dissolve, it is removed approximately 30 days after placement, and the graft becomes incorporated into the healing bone between 3–9 months later. Material types Bone grafting materials can be divided into several categories. Autografts (bone harvested from patient’s own body), is considered the gold standard and all other materials are generally compared to it. Other types of grafting material include xenograft (bone grafts or collagen from bovine or porcine origin), allograft (block bone graft from cadaver), and alloplast (synthetic biomaterials such as fibrin scaffolds, PLGA, synthetic biodegradable polymer, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, bioglass). Barrier membranes can be either resorbable, or non-resorable. The standard non-resorbable membrane is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) which was first used in 1984, when it was found to be biocompatable. there are a variety of resorbable membranes, including collagen, and synthetic resorbable (lactic acid or glycolic acid).
Socket preservation
Foreskin restoration
Greyhound therapy
Alveolar cleft grafting
Scalp reconstruction
Surgical lubricant
Facial feminization surgery
Cheek reconstruction