Attacks There are seven types of attacks. Ninety percent of all patients have their first attack before they are 18 years old. All develop over 2–4 hours and last anywhere from 6 hours to 5 days. Most attacks involve<unk> . # Abdominal attacks, featuring abdominal pain, affect the whole abdomen with all signs of peritonitis (inflammation of abdominal lining), and acute abdominal pain like appendicitis. They occur in 95% of all patients and may lead to unnecessary laparotomy. Incomplete attacks, with local tenderness and normal blood tests, have been reported. # Joint attacks mainly occur in large joints, especially in the legs. Usually, only one joint is affected. 75% of all<unk>  patients experience joint attacks. # Chest attacks include pleuritis (inflammation of the pleura) and pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium). Pleuritis occurs in 40% of patients and makes it difficult to breathe or lie flat, but pericarditis is rare. # Mouth ulcers start to form 1 to 2 days before an attack. Ulcers continue to form throughout the attack but usually clear 2 to 3 days after the attack. # Migranes and headaches causing pain when moving quickly. # Tonsillitis attacks and throat inflammation. # Raynaud syndrome attacks (hands and feet losing temperature and turning blue/grey) extremities. An Infrared thermometer is great for identifying cold body parts. # Scrotal attacks due to inflammation of the tunica vaginalis are somewhat rare but may be mistaken for testicular torsion. # Myalgia (rare in isolation) # Erysipeloid rashes (a skin reaction on the legs that can mimic cellulitis, rare in isolation)Erysipeloid rashes in<unk>  #<unk>  without any of the other symptoms listed above (25%).<unk>  may be the only symptom during childhood. It may vary from a mild<unk>  to 38–40 °C. It nearly always accompanies episodes. Complications AA-amyloidosis with kidney failure is a complication and may develop without overt crises. AA amyloid protein is produced in very large quantities during attacks, and at a low rate between them, and accumulates mainly in the kidney, as well as the heart, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and thyroid. There appears to be an increase in the risk for developing particular vasculitis-related diseases (e.g. Henoch–Schönlein purpura), spondylarthropathy, prolonged arthritis of certain joints and protracted myalgia. Causes of Attacks Attacks usually occur from within 6 to 8 weeks of each other but can be prematurely activated due to a number of factors. # Strenuous physical activity can cause an attack. # An infection (sometimes tonsillitis) can cause an attack and can prohibit the use of a steroid to mitigate against. # Stress can cause an attack.
Familial Mediterranean fever
Chilaiditi syndrome
Scleroderma
Hereditary angioedema
Kawasaki disease
Sjögren syndrome
Chilblain lupus erythematosus
Periodic fever syndrome