+ Causes of postpartum hemorrhage Cause Incidence Uterine atony 70% Trauma 20% Retained tissue 10% Coagulopathy 1% Causes of postpartum hemorrhage are uterine atony, trauma, retained placenta or placental abnormalities, and coagulopathy, commonly referred to as the "four Ts": * Tone: uterine atony is the inability of the uterus to contract and may lead to continuous bleeding. Retained placental tissue and infection may contribute to uterine atony. Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage. * Trauma: Injury to the birth canal which includes the uterus, cervix, vagina and the perineum which can happen even if the delivery is monitored properly. The bleeding is substantial as all these organs become more vascular during pregnancy. * Tissue: retention of tissue from the placenta or fetus as well as placental abnormalities such as placenta accreta and percreta may lead to bleeding. * Thrombin: a bleeding disorder occurs when there is a failure of clotting, such as with diseases known as coagulopathies. Other risk factors include obesity, fever during pregnancy, bleeding before delivery, and heart disease.
Postpartum bleeding
Antepartum bleeding
Early pregnancy bleeding
Obstetrical bleeding
Postcoital bleeding
Postpartum infections
Postpartum blues
Recurrent miscarriage