<unk>  <unk> , also called<unk>  heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial ischemia, or simply heart disease, involves the reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle due to build-up of plaque (atherosclerosis) in the arteries of the heart. It is the most common of the cardiovascular diseases. Types include stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Occasionally it may feel like heartburn. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and improve with rest. Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. In many cases, the first sign is a heart attack. Other complications include heart failure or an abnormal heartbeat. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, depression, and excessive alcohol. A number of tests may help with diagnoses including: electrocardiogram, cardiac stress testing,<unk>  computed tomographic angiography, and<unk>  angiogram, among others. Ways to reduce<unk>  risk include eating a healthy diet, regularly exercising, maintaining a healthy weight, and not smoking. Medications for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are sometimes used. There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms. Treatment involves the same measures as prevention. Additional medications such as antiplatelets (including aspirin), beta blockers, or nitroglycerin may be recommended. Procedures such as percutaneous<unk>  intervention (PCI) or<unk>  artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be used in severe disease. In those with stable<unk>  it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improves life expectancy or decreases heart attack risk. In 2015,<unk>  affected 110 million people and resulted in 8.9 million deaths. It makes up 15.6% of all deaths, making it the most common cause of death globally. The risk of death from<unk>  for a given age decreased between 1980 and 2010, especially in developed countries. The number of cases of<unk>  for a given age also decreased between 1990 and 2010. In the United States in 2010, about 20% of those over 65 had<unk> , while it was present in 7% of those 45 to 64, and 1.3% of those 18 to 45; rates were higher among men than women of a given age. Clogged artery
Coronary artery disease
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Peripheral artery disease
Peptic ulcer disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Diabetes
Hypertensive heart disease
Heart cancer