The diagnosis of a<unk>  is based on signs and symptoms. Neuroimaging tests are not necessary to diagnose<unk> , but may be used to find other causes of headaches in those whose examination and history do not confirm a<unk>  diagnosis. It is believed that a substantial number of people with the condition remain undiagnosed. The diagnosis of<unk>  without aura, according to the International Headache Society, can be made according to the following criteria, the "5, 4, 3, 2, 1 criteria": * Five or more attacks—for<unk>  with aura, two attacks are sufficient for diagnosis. * Four hours to three days in duration * Two or more of the following: * Unilateral (affecting one side of the head) * Pulsating * Moderate or severe pain intensity * Worsened by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity * One or more of the following: * Nausea and/or vomiting * Sensitivity to both light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia) If someone experiences two of the following: photophobia, nausea, or inability to work or study for a day, the diagnosis is more likely. In those with four out of five of the following: pulsating headache, duration of 4–72 hours, pain on one side of the head, nausea, or symptoms that interfere with the person's life, the probability that this is a<unk>  is 92%. In those with fewer than three of these symptoms the probability is 17%. Classification<unk>  was first comprehensively classified in 1988. The International Headache Society updated their classification of headaches in 2004. A third version was published in 2018. According to this classification,<unk>  is a primary headache disorder along with tension-type headaches and cluster headaches, among others.<unk>  is divided into seven subclasses (some of which include further subdivisions): *<unk>  without aura, or "common<unk> ", involves<unk>  headaches that are not accompanied by aura. *<unk>  with aura, or "classic<unk> ", usually involves<unk>  headaches accompanied by aura. Less commonly, aura can occur without a headache, or with a nonmigraine headache. Two other varieties are familial hemiplegic<unk>  and sporadic hemiplegic<unk> , in which a person has<unk>  with aura and with accompanying motor weakness. If a close relative has had the same condition, it is called "familial", otherwise it is called "sporadic". Another variety is basilar-type<unk> , where a headache and aura are accompanied by difficulty speaking, world spinning, ringing in ears, or a number of other brainstem-related symptoms, but not motor weakness. This type was initially believed to be due to spasms of the basilar artery, the artery that supplies the brainstem. Now that this mechanism is not believed to be primary, the symptomatic term<unk>  with brainstem aura (MBA) is preferred. * Childhood periodic syndromes that are commonly precursors of<unk>  include cyclical vomiting (occasional intense periods of vomiting), abdominal<unk>  (abdominal pain, usually accompanied by nausea), and benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood (occasional attacks of vertigo). * Retinal<unk>  involves<unk>  headaches accompanied by visual disturbances or even temporary blindness in one eye. * Complications of<unk>  describe<unk>  headaches and/or auras that are unusually long or unusually frequent, or associated with a seizure or brain lesion. * Probable<unk>  describes conditions that have some characteristics of<unk> s, but where there is not enough evidence to diagnose it as a<unk>  with certainty (in the presence of concurrent medication overuse). * Chronic<unk>  is a complication of<unk> s, and is a headache that fulfills diagnostic criteria for<unk>  headache and occurs for a greater time interval. Specifically, greater or equal to 15 days/month for longer than 3 months. Abdominal<unk>  The diagnosis of abdominal<unk>  is controversial. Some evidence indicates that recurrent episodes of abdominal pain in the absence of a headache may be a type of<unk>  or are at least a precursor to<unk> s. These episodes of pain may or may not follow a<unk> -like prodrome and typically last minutes to hours. They often occur in those with either a personal or family history of typical<unk> . Other syndromes that are believed to be precursors include cyclical vomiting syndrome and benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood. Differential diagnosis Other conditions that can cause similar symptoms to a<unk>  headache include temporal arteritis, cluster headaches, acute glaucoma, meningitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Temporal arteritis typically occurs in people over 50 years old and presents with tenderness over the temple, cluster headache presents with one-sided nose stuffiness, tears and severe pain around the orbits, acute glaucoma is associated with vision problems, meningitis with fevers, and subarachnoid hemorrhage with a very fast onset. Tension headaches typically occur on both sides, are not pounding, and are less disabling. Those with stable headaches that meet criteria for<unk> s should not receive neuroimaging to look for other intracranial disease. This requires that other concerning findings such as papilledema (swelling of the optic disc) are not present. People with<unk> s are not at an increased risk of having another cause for severe headaches.
Migraine
Cluster headache
Lupus headache
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Tension headache
Sinusitis
External compression headache
Brain tumor