Surgical treatment for refractory<unk>  is rarely needed and at least one year from the occurrence of symptoms should be allotted to ensure all non-surgical treatments have been appropriately explored. Under severe cases, where surgical intervention does become necessary, a 10 cm reverse jejunal interposition is usually the procedure of choice.
Post-vagotomy diarrhea
Postoperative nausea and vomiting
Chronic diarrhea of infancy
Enterocutaneous fistula
Short bowel syndrome
Postoperative fever
Meconium peritonitis
Retroperitoneal bleeding