In more severe cases of<unk> s, the small intestine can poke out through the opening. This can very rarely cause ischemia and necrosis of the intestine and is potentially life-threatening. The bulge is often caused by fat or parts of the greater omentum. The causes of<unk>  are congenital and acquired malformation, but an apparent third cause is really a cause of a different type, a paraumbilical hernia. Congenital Congenital<unk>  is a congenital malformation of the navel (umbilicus). Among adults, it is three times more common in women than in men; among children, the ratio is roughly equal. It is also found to be more common in children of African descent. Acquired An acquired<unk>  directly results from increased intra-abdominal pressure caused by obesity, heavy lifting, a long history of coughing, or multiple pregnancies. Another type of acquired<unk> s are incisional hernias, which are hernia developing in a scar following abdominal surgery, e.g. after insertion of laparoscopy trocars through the umbilicus. Paraumbilical Importantly, an<unk>  must be distinguished from a paraumbilical hernia, which occurs in adults and involves a defect in the midline near to the umbilicus, and from omphalocele.
Umbilical hernia
Paraumbilical hernia
Omphalocele
Rectocele
Umbilical granuloma
Retrocolic hernia
Spigelian hernia
Persistent cloaca