Comparative<unk>  Room in the La Plata Museum, Argentina. Comparison of Great Dane and Chihuahua skeletons at the Museum of<unk> , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.<unk> cal approaches are frequently applied to investigations in disciplines such as vertebrate paleontology, zoology, forensic science, physical anthropology, and archaeology. It has been shown that<unk> cal characters have greater consistency with molecular phylogenies than non-osteological (soft tissue) characters, implying that they may be more reliable in reconstructing evolutionary history.<unk>  has a place in research on topics including: * Ancient warfare * Activity patterns * Criminal investigations * Demography * Developmental biology * Diet * Disease * Genetics of early populations * Fossil assemblages * Health * Human migration * Identification of unknown remains * Physique * Social inequality * War crimes Human<unk>  and forensic anthropology Examination of human<unk>  is often used in forensic anthropology, which is usually used to identify age, death, sex, growth, and development of human remains and can be used in a biocultural context. There are four factors leading to variation in skeletal anatomy: ontogeny (or growth), sexual dimorphism, geographic variation and individual, or idiosyncratic, variation.<unk>  can also determine an individual's ancestry, race or ethnicity. Historically, humans were typically grouped into three outdated race groups: caucasoids, mongoloids and negroids. However, this classification system is growing less reliable due to interancestrial marriages increases and markers become less defined. Determination of ancestry is controversial, but can give an understandable label to define the ancestry of an unidentified body or skeleton.
Osteology
Neurology
Arthrology
Oncology
Hematology
Nephrology
Osteoimmunology
Rheumatology