The diagnosis is generally confirmed by esophageal manometry. DES is present when more than a fifth of swallows results in distal esophageal contractions. NE is present if the average strength of the contractions of the distal esophagus is greater than 180 mmHg but the contraction of the esophagus is otherwise normal. Differential diagnosis Often, symptoms that may suggest<unk>  are the result of another condition such as food intolerance, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or achalasia. The symptoms can commonly be mistaken as heart palpitations.
Esophageal spasm
Esophageal dysphagia
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Esophageal dilatation
Esophagogastric dissociation
Oedema glottidis
Megaesophagus
Esophageal stricture