The discipline of<unk>  (FE) is a hybrid of principles and practices common to both<unk>  medicine and epidemiology. FE is directed at filling the gap between clinical judgment and epidemiologic data for determinations of causality in civil lawsuits and criminal prosecution and defense.<unk> sts formulate evidence-based probabilistic conclusions about the type and quantity of causal association between an antecedent harmful exposure and an injury or disease outcome in both populations and individuals. The conclusions resulting from an FE analysis can support legal decision-making regarding guilt or innocence in criminal actions, and provide an evidentiary support for findings of causal association in civil actions. Applications of<unk> c principles are found in a wide variety of types of civil litigation, including cases of medical negligence, toxic or mass tort, pharmaceutical adverse events, medical device and consumer product failures, traffic crash-related injury and death, person identification and life expectancy.
Forensic epidemiology
Psychiatric epidemiology
Environmental epidemiology
Cognitive epidemiology
Public health surveillance
Nutritional epidemiology
Epidemiology in Country Practice
Computational epidemiology