<unk>  is the independent, third-party evaluation of a conformity assessment body (such as certification body, inspection body or laboratory) against recognised standards, conveying formal demonstration of its impartiality and competence to carry out specific conformity assessment tasks (such as certification, inspection and testing).<unk>  bodies are established in many economies with the primary purpose of ensuring that conformity assessment bodies are subject to oversight by an authoritative body.<unk>  bodies, that have been peer evaluated as competent, sign regional and international arrangements to demonstrate their competence. These<unk>  bodies then assess and accredit conformity assessment bodies to the relevant standards. An authoritative body that performs<unk>  is called an<unk>  body'. The International<unk>  Forum (IAF) and International Laboratory<unk>  Cooperation (ILAC) provide international recognitions to<unk>  bodies. There are many internationally-recognized<unk>  bodies approved by the IAF and ILAC. The Emirates International<unk>  Centre (EIAC) is the largest<unk>  body in Middle East region, whereas in South Asia the Pakistan National<unk>  Council (PNAC) and National<unk>  Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL), Quality Council of India (QCI) are the largest. In East Asia, the China National<unk>  Board is the largest, while the United Kingdom<unk>  Service (UKAS) is the largest in Europe. The National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) and the Joint<unk>  System of Australia and New Zealand (JAS-ANZ) being the largest in the Oceania region, with the South African National<unk>  System being the largest in Africa. For most of the<unk>  schemes, international standards issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are used.
Accreditation
Tutoring
Mitigation
Donor registration
Mentorship
Board certification
Pay for performance 
Latch 