<unk>  (ART) asserts that people can concentrate better after spending time in nature, or even looking at scenes of nature. Natural environments abound with "soft fascinations" which a person can reflect upon in "effortless<unk> ", such as clouds moving across the sky, leaves rustling in a breeze or water bubbling over rocks in a stream. Philosophically, nature has long been seen as a source of peace and energy, yet the scientific community started rigorous testing only as recently as the 1990s which has allowed scientific and accurate comments to be made about if nature has a restorative attribute. The<unk>  was developed by Rachel and Stephen Kaplan in the 1980s in their book The experience of nature: A psychological perspective, and has since been found by others to hold true in medical outcomes as well as intellectual task<unk> , as described below. Berman et al. discuss the foundation of the<unk>  (ART). "ART is based on past research showing the separation of<unk>  into two components: involuntary<unk> , where<unk>  is captured by inherently intriguing or important stimuli, and voluntary or directed<unk> , where<unk>  is directed by cognitive-control processes."
Attention restoration theory
Recovered-memory therapy
Wake therapy
Mirror therapy
Social cognition and interaction training
Emotional approach coping
Social distancing
Evolutionary approaches to depression