The most common indication for a<unk>  is GERD that has failed lifestyle modification and medical management. Patients that continue to have reflux symptoms or that have had uncontrolled reflux symptoms for more than 5 years are also candidates for surgical management. Complications that arise from long term GERD such as severe esophagitis, stricture formation, and ulcer development, all of which can be seen on endoscopy, warrant surgical intervention. Presence of Barrett's esophagus is not an indication, as the benefit of a<unk>  in preventing progression into adenocarcinoma is controversial. Respiratory symptoms and upper airway symptoms such as cough, asthma, hoarseness are also indications for surgical intervention. In the pediatric population, infants who fail to thrive or have inadequate weight gain despite proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy may also benefit from<unk> .
Nissen fundoplication
Transoral incisionless fundoplication
Pyloroplasty
Collis gastroplasty
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
Esophageal stent
Finney strictureplasty
Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery