Five indicators of<unk>  are: # An increase in<unk>  that may be labeled as detrimental, or becomes harmful. # A desire to experience euphoria;<unk>  may be increased as tolerance of the euphoric state increases. # Not participating in physical activity will cause dysfunction in one's daily life. # Severe withdrawal symptoms following<unk>  deprivation including anxiety, restlessness, depression, guilt, tension, discomfort, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, and headaches. #<unk> ng through trauma and despite physical injuries. Key differences between healthy and addictive levels of<unk>  include the presence of withdrawal symptoms when<unk>  is stopped as well as the addictive properties<unk>  may have leading to a dependence on<unk> . Those who succumb to<unk>  may experience overtraining, which is best defined as a “condition of poor adaptation to a chronic period of excessive stress caused by a physical exertion, resulting in the development of the syndrome, compromising the health and sports performance”. Overtraining includes one or more of the following: *Persistent muscle soreness *Elevated resting heart rate *Increased susceptibility to infections *Increased incidence of injuries *Insomnia *Decreased appetite *Weight loss *Impaired performance *Decreased motor coordination and force production<unk>  may also lead to mood disturbances. Those who undergo rigorous training without adequate rest are more likely to experience depression, anger, fatigue and confusion. In<unk> , excessive training may cause exhaustion of the autonomic nervous system. Some symptoms include decreased total testosterone level, an imbalance between testosterone and cortisol, decreased sympathetic tone, and decreased<unk> -induced lactate. These chemical balances can lead to premature osteoporosis, where the lack of testosterone accelerates bone loss, and elevated levels of cortisol alters calcium and bone metabolism by “increasing bone reabsorption and decreasing bone formation or intestinal absorption of calcium”. Calcium undernutrition may eventually occur, accelerating premature osteoporosis.
Exercise addiction
Nicotine dependence
Caffeinism
Nicotine withdrawal
Carcinoid syndrome
Food addiction
Metabolic syndrome
Alcohol intolerance