There are two goals when treating<unk> : to alleviate the current experience of<unk>  and to address any underlying pathology, if and when identifiable. Treatment of the<unk>  in many circumstances should be deferred until the origin of the symptoms has been identified. Masking<unk>  may confound the diagnostic process and delay the recognition of life-threatening conditions. Once a treatable condition has been identified there is no reason to withhold symptomatic treatment. Also, if cause for the<unk>  is not found in reasonable time then symptomatic treatment of the<unk>  could be of benefit to the patient in order to prevent long-term sensitization and provide immediate relief. Symptomatic treatment of<unk>  relies primarily upon pharmacotherapy. Since<unk>  can result secondary to a wide variety of causes, with or without associated pathology, a wide variety of pharmacological classes of drugs are used including a variety of analgesics (ex. opiates, NSAIDs, benzodiazepines), antispasmodics (ex. loperamide), antidepressants (ex. TCA, SSRI, SNRI) as well as others (ex. ketamine, clonidine, gabapentin). In addition, pharmacotherapy that targets the underlying cause of the<unk>  can help alleviate symptoms due to lessening<unk>  nociceptive inputs. For example, the use of nitrates can reduce anginal<unk>  by dilating the coronary arteries and thus reducing the ischemia causing the<unk> . The use of spasmolytics (antispasmodics) can help alleviate<unk>  from a gastrointestinal obstruction by inhibiting the contraction of the gut. There are issues associated with pharmacotherapy that include side effects (ex. constipation associated with opiate use), chemical dependence or addiction, and inadequate<unk>  relief. Invasive therapies are in general reserved for patients in whom pharmacological and other non-invasive therapies are ineffective. A wide variety of interventions are available and shown to be effective, a few will be discussed here. Approximately 50–80% of pelvic cancer<unk>  patients benefit from nerve blocks. Nerve blocks offer temporary relief and typically involve injection of a nerve bundle with either a local anesthetic, a steroid, or both. Permanent nerve block can be produced by destruction of nerve tissue. Strong evidence from multiple randomized controlled trials support the use of neurolytic celiac plexus block to alleviate<unk>  and reduce opioid consumption in patients with malignant<unk>  originating from abdominal<unk> such as the pancreas. Neurostimulation, from a device such as a spinal cord stimulator (SCS), for refractory angina has been shown to be effective in several randomized controlled trials. A SCS may also be used for other chronic<unk>  conditions such as chronic pancreatitis and familial Mediterranean fever. Other devices that have shown benefit in reducing<unk>  include transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators (TENS), targeted field stimulation, both used for somatic hyperalgesic states, external neuromodulation, pulsed radiofrequency ablation and neuraxial drug delivery systems.
Visceral pain
Pain
Irritation
Tenderness 
Tickling
Food craving
Dryness 
Allodynia