<unk> es (PHLs) are governmental reference<unk> es that protect the<unk>  against diseases and other<unk>  hazards. The 2005 International<unk>  Regulations came into force in June 2007, with 196 binding countries that recognised that certain<unk><unk>  incidents, extending beyond disease, ought to be designated as a<unk><unk>  Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), as they pose a significant global threat. The PHLs serve as national hazard detection centres, and forward these concerns to the World<unk>  Organization.
Public health laboratory
Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory
Blood bank
Biological pharmacist
Cell bank
Hospital information system
Cancer registry
Vaccine vial monitor