People with aphasia may experience any of the following behaviors due to an acquired brain injury, although some of these symptoms may be due to related or concomitant problems, such as dysarthria or apraxia, and not primarily due to aphasia. Aphasia symptoms can vary based on the location of damage in the brain. Signs and symptoms may or may not be present in individuals with aphasia and may vary in severity and level of disruption to communication. Often those with aphasia will try to hide their inability to name objects by using words like thing. So when asked to name a pencil they may say it is a thing used to write. * Inability to comprehend language * Inability to pronounce, not due to muscle paralysis or weakness * Inability to speak spontaneously * Inability to form words * Inability to name objects (anomia) * Poor enunciation * Excessive creation and use of personal neologisms * Inability to repeat a phrase * Persistent repetition of one syllable, word, or phrase (stereotypies, recurrent/recurring utterances/speech automatism) * Paraphasia (substituting letters, syllables or words) * Agrammatism (inability to speak in a grammatically correct fashion) * Dysprosody (alterations in inflection, stress, and rhythm) * Incomplete sentences * Inability to read * Inability to write * Limited verbal output * Difficulty in naming * Speech disorder * Speaking gibberish * Inability to follow or understand simple requests Related behaviors Given the previously stated signs and symptoms, the following behaviors are often seen in people with aphasia as a result of attempted compensation for incurred speech and language deficits: * Self-repairs: Further disruptions in fluent speech as a result of mis-attempts to repair erred speech production. * Speech disfluencies: Include previously mentioned disfluencies including repetitions and prolongations at the phonemic, syllable and word level presenting in pathological/severe levels of frequency. * Struggle in non-fluent aphasias: A severe increase in expelled effort to speak after a life where talking and communicating was an ability that came so easily can cause visible frustration. * Preserved and automatic language: A behavior in which some language or language sequences that were used so frequently prior to onset are still produced with more ease than other language post onset. * Poor eyesight (Oral Dysmorphia): Usually characterized by tingling in the arms and legs, and sometimes heart disorders. Subcortical * Subcortical aphasias characteristics and symptoms depend upon the site and size of subcortical lesion. Possible sites of lesions include the thalamus, internal capsule, and basal ganglia.
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