Because many Candida species are part of the human microbiota, their presence in the mouth, the vagina, sputum, urine, stool, or skin is not definitive evidence for<unk> . Positive culture of Candida species from normally sterile sites, such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, pericardium, pericardial fluid, or biopsied tissue, is definitive evidence of<unk> . Diagnosis by culturing allows subsequent susceptibility testing of causative species. Sensitivity of blood culture is far from ideal, with a sensitivity reported to be between 21 and 71%. Additionally, whereas blood culture can establish a diagnosis during fungemia, the blood may test negative for deep-seated infections because candida may have been successfully cleared from the blood. Diagnosis of<unk>  is supported by histopathologic evidence (for example, yeast cells or hyphae) observed in specimens of affected tissues. Additionally, elevated serum β-glucan can demonstrate<unk>  while a negative test suggests a low likelihood of systemic infection. The emergence of multidrug-resistant C. auris as a cause of<unk>  has necessitated additional testing in some settings. C. auris-caused<unk>  is associated with high mortality. Many C. auris isolates have been found to be resistant to one or more of the three major antifungal classes (azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes) with some resistant to all three classes – severely limiting treatment options. Biochemical-based tests currently used in many laboratories to identify fungi, including API 20C AUX and VITEK-2, cannot differentiate C. auris from related species (for example, C. auris can be identified as C. haemulonii). Therefore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends using a diagnostic method based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry or a molecular method based on sequencing the D1-D2 region of the 28s rDNA to identify C. auris in settings where it may be present.
Invasive candidiasis
Otomycosis
Byssinosis
Shiitake mushroom dermatitis
Protothecosis
Phycomycosis
Onychomycosis
Dermatomycosis