<unk>  has one of the highest acute toxicities to humans of any insecticide widely used on field crops (only aldicarb and parathion are more toxic). I ml (1/4 teaspoon) can be fatal to humans. Most<unk>  is applied by commercial applicators using closed systems with engineered controls so there is no exposure to it in preparation. However, in developing countries, occupational exposure to<unk>  and resultant<unk> -serum protein labeling has been reported to impact human health and well-being. Since its toxic effects are due to its activity as a cholinesterase inhibitor it is considered a neurotoxic pesticide. A recent study reports that<unk>  is a structural mimic of the neurohormone melatonin and could directly bind to MT2 melatonin receptor (Ki = 1.7 uM). Disruption of melatonin signaling could impact the circadian rhythm balance and is linked to elevated risk of developing diabetes.<unk>  is highly toxic to vertebrates with an oral of 8–14 mg/kg in rats and 19 mg/kg in dogs.<unk>  is known to be particularly toxic to birds. In its granular form, a single grain will kill a bird. Birds often eat numerous grains of the pesticide, mistaking them for seeds, and then die shortly thereafter. Before the granular form was banned by the EPA in 1991, it was blamed for millions of bird deaths per year. The liquid version of the pesticide is less hazardous to birds since they are not as likely to ingest it directly, but it is still very hazardous.<unk>  has been illegally used to intentionally poison wildlife not only in the US, Canada and Great Britain; poisoned wildlife have included coyotes, kites, golden eagles and buzzards. Secondary fatal poisoning of domestic and wild animals has been documented, specifically raptors (bald eagles and golden eagles), domestic dogs, raccoons, vultures and other scavengers. In Kenya, farmers are using<unk>  to kill lions and other predators. In a number of publicized incidents worldwide,<unk>  has also been used to poison domestic pets. Illegally smuggled<unk>  is used on 90% of marijuana grown illegally on public land in California. These illegal,<unk> -contaminated California marijuana grows appear to be the source for the majority of marijuana consumed in states where marijuana hasn't been legalized.<unk>  is an endocrine disruptor and a probable reproduction/development intoxicant. At low-level exposures,<unk>  may cause transient alterations in the concentration of hormones. These alterations may consequently lead to serious reproductive problems following repeated exposure. When exposed in utero or during lactation, a decrease in sperm motility and sperm count along with an increase in percent abnormal sperm was observed in rats at 0.4 mg/kg dose level. In one study, the exposure of rats to sublethal amounts of<unk>  decreased testosterone by 88%, while the levels of progesterone, cortisol, and estradiol were significantly increased (1279%, 202%, and 150%, respectively).
Carbofuran
Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate
Ajmalicine
Vindesine
Chlorambucil
Dimetacrine
Isocarboxazid
Carbaryl