Light micrograph of the hyphae and spores of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus<unk>  are potentially harmful effects of<unk> s (US usage; British English "moulds") and their mycotoxins. However, recent research has shown these adverse<unk>  effects stem not just from<unk> s, but also other microbial agents and biotoxins associated with dampness,<unk> , and water-damaged buildings, such as gram-negative bacteria that produce endotoxins, and actinomycetes and their associated exotoxins.<unk> s and many related microbial agents are ubiquitous in the biosphere, and<unk>  spores are a common component of household and workplace dust. While the vast majority of<unk> s are not hazardous to humans, a few are known to be, and reaction to<unk> s can vary between individuals, from relatively minor allergic reactions through to severe multi-system inflammatory effects, and even neurological problems and death. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported in its June 2006 report, 'Mold Prevention Strategies and Possible<unk>  Effects in the Aftermath of Hurricanes and Major Floods,' that "excessive exposure to<unk> -contaminated materials can cause adverse<unk>  effects in susceptible persons regardless of the type of<unk>  or the extent of contamination."<unk>  spores and associated toxins can cause harm primarily via inhalation, ingestion, and contact. In abnormally high quantities, they can present especially hazardous<unk>  risks to humans after prolonged exposure, with three generally accepted mechanisms of harm and a fourth probable mechanism: # Allergic reactions # Fungal infection (mycosis) # Toxicity (poisoning by mycotoxins) # Innate immune activation.
Mold health issues
Men's Health
Personal medicine
Suicide awareness
Digital media use and mental health
Personal health application
Ethical issues in psychiatry
Prosthetics in fiction