Jerome Engel defines the<unk>  as "manifestations of seizure-induced reversible alterations in neuronal function but not structure." Commonly after a seizure, a person feels mentally and physically exhausted for up to one or two days. The most common complaint is an inability to think clearly, specifically "poor attention and concentration, poor short term memory, decreased verbal and interactive skills, and a variety of cognitive defects specific to individuals." This collection of symptoms is known as the<unk> , the word<unk>  meaning “after the seizure”.<unk>  migraine headaches are a major complaint among persons with epilepsy, and can have a variety of etiologies. One possible cause of these migraines is high intracranial pressure resulting from<unk>  cerebral edema. At times, a person may be unaware of having had a seizure, and the characteristic migraine is their only clue. Feeling depressed is also very common after a seizure.<unk>  anxiety may occur, especially in persons who have either never experienced a seizure before, or that type of seizure before. Other symptoms associated with the<unk>  are less common. Todd's paresis is a temporary regional loss of function in whatever region just experienced the seizure, and its manifestation depends on where the seizure was located. Loss of motor function is most common and can range from weakness to full paralysis. About 6% of patients who had tonic-clonic seizures experienced Todd's paresis afterward, with loss of motor function sometimes accompanied with temporary numbness, blindness, or deafness. Todd's paresis can also cause anterograde amnesia if the seizure included the bilateral hippocampi, and aphasia if the seizures began in the language-dominant hemisphere. Symptoms typically last about 15 hours, but can continue for 36 hours.<unk>  psychosis is a neuropsychiatric sequel to seizures of chronic epilepsy in adults. Tending to occur with bilateral seizure types it is characterized by auditory and visual hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, affective change, and aggression. Following the typical<unk>  confusion and lethargy, the person gradually recovers to a normal lucid<unk> . In persons who experience<unk>  psychosis, this "lucid phase" usually continues at least 6 hours (and up to a week) followed by the psychosis lasting as little as one hour to more than 3 months (the mean is 9–10 days). The psychosis is typically treated medically using atypical antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, and successful epilepsy surgery can resolve the psychotic episodes.<unk>  bliss or euphoria is also reported following seizures. This has been described as a highly blissful feeling associated with the emergence from amnesia. Feelings of depression before a seizure may lead to<unk>  euphoria. Some of<unk>  symptoms are almost always present for a period of a few hours up to a day or two. Absence seizures do not produce a<unk>  and some seizure types may have very brief<unk> s. Otherwise, the lack of typical<unk>  symptoms, such as confusion and lethargy following convulsive seizures, may be a sign of non-epileptic seizures. Usually such seizures are instead related to syncope or have a psychogenic origin ("pseudoseizures"). The<unk>  can also be useful for determining the focus of the seizure. Decreased verbal memory (short term) tends to result from a seizure in the dominant hemisphere, whereas seizures in the non-dominant hemisphere tend to manifest with decreased visual memory. Inability to read suggests seizure foci in the language areas of the left hemisphere, and "after a seizure semivoluntary events as mundane as nose wiping tend to be done with the hand ipsilateral to that is, on the same side as, the seizure focus."
Postictal state
Window period
Nightmare
Postdrome
Twilight sleep
Nightscout
Free-running sleep
Sleep onset