Mothers whose fetus is diagnosed with<unk>  can be managed with several monitoring and delivery methods. It is currently recommended that any fetus that has<unk><unk>  and additional structural abnormalities should be evaluated with genetic testing. In addition to evaluating the fetal<unk>  velocity, the fetus should primarily be monitored by ultrasonography every 3–4 weeks. An additional monitoring technique is an Doppler velocimetry. Doppler velocimetry is useful in monitoring blood flow through the uterine and umbilical arteries, and may indicate signs of uteroplacental insufficiency. This method may also detect blood vessels, specifically the ductus venosus and middle cerebral arteries, which are not developing properly or may not adapt well after birth. Monitoring via Doppler velocimetry has been shown to decrease the risk of morbidity and mortality before and after parturition among<unk>  patients. Standard fetal surveillance via nonstress tests and/or biophysical profile scoring is also recommended. Bed rest has not been found to improve outcomes and is not typically recommended. There is currently a lack of evidence supporting any dietary or supplemental changes that may prevent the development of<unk> . The optimal timing of delivery for a fetus with<unk>  is unknown. However, the timing of delivery is currently based on the cause of<unk>  and parameters collected from the umbilical artery doppler. Some of these include: pulsatility index, resistance index, and end-diastolic velocities, which are measurements of the fetal circulation. Fetuses with an anticipated delivery before 34 weeks gestation are recommended to receive corticosteroids to facilitate fetal maturation. Anticipated births before 32 weeks should receive magnesium sulfate to protect development of the fetal brain.
Intrauterine growth restriction
Uremic fetor
Low Birth Weight
Neonatal hypocalcemia
Small for gestational age
Fetal distress
Large for gestational age
Fetal hydantoin syndrome