Deaths due to<unk>  per million persons in 2012 Past and current<unk>  prevalence in 2009 The WHO estimates that in 2019 there were 229 million new cases of<unk>  resulting in 409,000 deaths. Children under 5 years old are the most affected, accounting for 67% of<unk>  deaths worldwide in 2019. About 125 million pregnant women are at risk of infection each year; in Sub-Saharan Africa, maternal<unk>  is associated with up to 200,000 estimated infant deaths yearly. There are about 10,000<unk>  cases per year in Western Europe, and 1300–1500 in the United States. The United States eradicated<unk>  as a major public health concern in 1951, though small outbreaks persist. About 900 people died from the disease in Europe between 1993 and 2003. Both the global incidence of disease and resulting mortality have declined in recent years. According to the WHO and UNICEF, deaths attributable to<unk>  in 2015 were reduced by 60% from a 2000 estimate of 985,000, largely due to the widespread use of insecticide-treated nets and artemisinin-based combination therapies. In 2012, there were 207 million cases of<unk> . That year, the disease is estimated to have killed between 473,000 and 789,000 people, many of whom were children in Africa. Efforts at decreasing the disease in Africa since 2000 have been partially effective, with rates of the disease dropping by an estimated forty percent on the continent.<unk>  is presently endemic in a broad band around the equator, in areas of the Americas, many parts of Asia, and much of Africa; in Sub-Saharan Africa, 85–90% of<unk>  fatalities occur. An estimate for 2009 reported that countries with the highest death rate per 100,000 of population were Ivory Coast (86.15), Angola (56.93) and Burkina Faso (50.66). A 2010 estimate indicated the deadliest countries per population were Burkina Faso, Mozambique and Mali. The<unk>  Atlas Project aims to map global levels of<unk> , providing a way to determine the global spatial limits of the disease and to assess disease burden. This effort led to the publication of a map of P. falciparum endemicity in 2010 and an update in 2019. As of 2010, about 100 countries have endemic<unk> . Every year, 125 million international travellers visit these countries, and more than 30,000 contract the disease. The geographic distribution of<unk>  within large regions is complex, and<unk> -afflicted and<unk> -free areas are often found close to each other.<unk>  is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions because of rainfall, consistent high temperatures and high humidity, along with stagnant waters where mosquito larvae readily mature, providing them with the environment they need for continuous breeding. In drier areas, outbreaks of<unk>  have been predicted with reasonable accuracy by mapping rainfall.<unk>  is more common in rural areas than in cities. For example, several cities in the Greater Mekong Subregion of Southeast Asia are essentially<unk> -free, but the disease is prevalent in many rural regions, including along international borders and forest fringes. In contrast,<unk>  in Africa is present in both rural and urban areas, though the risk is lower in the larger cities. Climate change Climate change is likely to affect<unk>  transmission, but the degree of effect and the areas affected is uncertain. Greater rainfall in certain areas of India, and following an El Niño event is associated with increased mosquito numbers. Since 1900 there has been substantial change in temperature and rainfall over Africa. However, factors that contribute to how rainfall results in water for mosquito breeding are complex, incorporating the extent to which it is absorbed into soil and vegetation for example, or rates of runoff and evaporation. Recent research has provided a more in-depth picture of conditions across Africa, combining a<unk>  climatic suitability model with a continental-scale model representing real-world hydrological processes.
Malaria
Zika fever
Chikungunya
Leptospirosis
Airport malaria
Lassa fever
Brain fever
Dengue fever