When an infant is born and appears to be healthy, they may still have non-visible disorders and organ defects due to exposure to alcohol during gestation. Social problems in children have been found to be associated with their mothers' alcohol use during<unk> . Alcohol is a cause of microcephaly. Alcohol use during<unk>  does not effect the ability to breastfeed the infant – in addition, an infant may breastfeed even if their mother continues to consume alcohol after giving birth. An infant born to a mother with an alcohol dependency may go through alcohol withdrawal after the birth. One of the major effects of alcohol consumption during<unk>  is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs), of which Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is the most severe form. It is shown that small amounts of alcohol consumed during<unk>  does not show any health related issues in the face, but behavioral issues can be seen. There is a wide range of symptoms seen in persons suffering from FASDs which include: *Abnormal facial features, such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip (this ridge is called the philtrum) *Small head size *Shorter-than-average height *Low birth weight *Poor coordination *Hyperactive behavior *Difficulty with attention *Poor memory *Difficulty in school (especially with math) *Learning disabilities *Speech and language delays *Intellectual disability or low IQ *Poor reasoning and judgment skills *Sleep and sucking problems as a baby *Vision or hearing problems *Problems with the heart, kidneys or bones. There are five types of FASDs depending on the symptoms: (1) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; (2) Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder; (3) Alcohol-Related Birth Defects; (4) Static Encephalopathy; (5) Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. There are three approaches to treatment of FAS: (1) At Home – A stable and loving home, along with a regular routine, simple rules to follow and where rewards are given for positive behavior, is a good environment for children with FAS. (2) Medications – Medications are used to specifically treat symptoms of FASDs and not FAS entirely. Some of the medications used are antidepressants, stimulants, neuroleptics and anti-anxiety drugs. (3) Counseling – Children with FAS benefit from behavioral and functional training, social skill training and tutoring. Support groups and talk therapy not only help the children suffering from FAS, but also help the parents and siblings of these children.
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