<unk>  is commonly measured clinically as part of liver function tests and is a component of the AST/ALT ratio. When used in diagnostics, it is almost always measured in international units/liter (IU/L) or µkat. While sources vary on specific reference range values for patients, 0-40 IU/L is the standard reference range for experimental studies. Elevated levels Test results should always be interpreted using the reference range from the laboratory that produced the result. However typical reference intervals for<unk>  are: Patient type Reference ranges Female ≤ 34 IU/L Male ≤ 45 IU/L Significantly elevated levels of<unk>  (SGPT) often suggest the existence of other medical problems such as viral hepatitis, diabetes, congestive heart failure, liver damage, bile duct problems, infectious mononucleosis, or myopathy, so<unk>  is commonly used as a way of screening for liver problems. Elevated<unk>  may also be caused by dietary choline deficiency. However, elevated levels of<unk>  do not automatically mean that medical problems exist. Fluctuation of<unk>  levels is normal over the course of the day, and they can also increase in response to strenuous physical exercise. When elevated<unk>  levels are found in the blood, the possible underlying causes can be further narrowed down by measuring other enzymes. For example, elevated<unk>  levels due to hepatocyte damage can be distinguished from bile duct problems by measuring alkaline phosphatase. Also, myopathy-related elevations in<unk>  should be suspected when the aspartate<unk>  (AST) is greater than<unk> ; the possibility of muscle disease causing elevations in liver tests can be further explored by measuring muscle enzymes, including creatine kinase. Many drugs may elevate<unk>  levels, including zileuton, omega-3 acid ethyl esters (Lovaza), anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, cholesterol medications, some antipsychotics such as risperidone, and anticonvulsants. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) may also elevate<unk>  levels. For years, the American Red Cross used<unk>  testing as part of the battery of tests to ensure the safety of its blood supply by deferring donors with elevated<unk>  levels. The intent was to identify donors potentially infected with hepatitis C because no specific test for that disease was available at the time. Prior to July 1992, widespread blood donation testing in the USA for hepatitis C was not carried out by major blood banks. With the introduction of second-generation ELISA antibody tests for hepatitis C, the Red Cross changed the<unk>  policy. , donors previously disqualified for elevated<unk>  levels and no other reason may be reinstated as donors when they contact the donor-counseling department of their regional Red Cross organization. In 2000, the American Association for Clinical Chemistry determined that the appropriate terminology for AST and<unk>  are aspartate aminotransferase and<unk>  aminotransferase. The term<unk>  is outdated and no longer used in liver disease.
Alanine transaminase
Lumirubin
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
Bile acid
Acid phosphatase
Hematocrit
Uric acid
Bilirubin