Clinically, three distinct patterns of<unk>  may be identified: diffuse, focal, and punctate. Diffuse Diffuse<unk>  Diffuse<unk>  is a type of<unk>  that is characterized by an even, thick, symmetric hyperkeratosis over the whole of the palm and sole, usually evident at birth or in the first few months of life. Restated, diffuse<unk>  is an autosomal dominant disorder in which hyperkeratosis is confined to the palms and soles. The two major types can have a similar clinical appearance: *Diffuse epidermolytic<unk>  (also known as<unk>  cum degeneratione granulosa Vörner," "Vörner's epidermolytic<unk> ", and "Vörner<unk> ") is one of the most common patterns of<unk> , an autosomal dominant condition that presents within the first few months of life, characterized by a well-demarcated, symmetric thickening of palms and soles, often with a "dirty" snakeskin appearance due to underlying epidermolysis. *Diffuse nonepidermolytic<unk>  (also known as "Diffuse orthohyperkeratotic<unk> ," "Hereditary<unk> ," "Keratosis extremitatum progrediens," "Keratosis<unk> is diffusa circumscripta," "Tylosis," "Unna–Thost disease", and "Unna–Thost<unk> ") is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition and is present from infancy, characterized by a well-demarcated, symmetric, often "waxy"<unk>  involving the whole of the palms and soles. Focal Focal<unk> , a type of<unk>  in which large, compact masses of keratin develop at sites of recurrent friction, principally on the feet, although also on the palms and other sites, a pattern of calluses that may be discoid (nummular) or linear. * Focal<unk>  with oral mucosal hyperkeratosis (also known as "Focal epidermolytic<unk> ," "Hereditary painful callosities," "Hereditary painful callosity syndrome," "Keratosis follicularis," "Keratosis<unk> is nummularis", and "Nummular epidermolytic<unk> ") is an autosomal dominant<unk>  that represents a clinical overlap syndrome with pachyonychia congenita type I but without the classic nail involvement. Punctate Punctate<unk>  is a form of<unk>  in which many tiny "raindrop" keratoses involve the<unk>  surface, skin lesions which may involve the whole of the<unk>  surface, or may be more restricted in their distribution. * Type 1: Keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris (also known as "Autosomal-dominant hereditary punctate<unk>  associated with malignancy," "Buschke–Fischer–Brauer disease," "Davis Colley disease,"<unk>  disseminatum palmaris et plantaris," "Keratosis papulosa,"<unk>  punctatum," "Keratodermia punctata," "Keratoma hereditarium dissipatum palmare et plantare," "Palmar and plantar seed dermatoses," "Palmar keratoses," "Papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma," "Punctate<unk> ," "Punctate keratoses of the palms and soles," and "Maculosa disseminata") is a skin condition, an autosomal dominant<unk>  with variable penetrance, characterized clinically by multiple, tiny, punctate keratoses over the entire<unk>  surfaces, beginning over the lateral edge of the digits. It has been linked to 15q22-q24. * Type 2: Spiny<unk>  (also known as "Porokeratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris," "Punctate<unk> ," and "Punctate porokeratosis of the palms and soles") is an autosomal dominant<unk>  of late onset that develops in patients aged 12 to 50, characterized by multiple tiny keratotic plugs, resembling the spines on a music box, involving the entire<unk>  surfaces. * Type 3: Focal acral hyperkeratosis (also known as "Acrokeratoelastoidosis lichenoides," and "Degenerative collagenous plaques of the hand") is a late-onset<unk> , inherited as an autosomal dominant condition, characterized by oval or polygonal crateriform papules developing along the border of the hands, feet, and wrists. It is considered similar to Costa acrokeratoelastoidosis. Ungrouped<unk>  and spastic paraplegia (also known as "Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease with<unk>  and nail dystrophy") is an autosomal dominant or x-linked dominant condition that begins in early childhood with thick focal<unk>  over the soles and, to a lesser extent, the palms.<unk>  of Sybert (also known as "Greither<unk> ," "Greither syndrome," "Keratosis extremitatum hereditaria progrediens," "Keratosis<unk> is transgrediens et progrediens" "Sybert<unk> ," and "Transgrediens and progrediens<unk> ") is an extremely rare autosomal dominant<unk>  (a skin condition involving horn-like growths) with symmetric severe involvement of the whole<unk>  surface in a glove-and-stocking distribution. It was characterized by Aloys Greither in 1952. It was characterized by Virginia Sybert in 1988. An autosomal recessive form which is known as Mal de Meleda has been described. This is associated with mutations in the Secreted Ly-6/uPAR-related protein 1 (SLURP1) gene. *Striate<unk>  (also known as "Acral<unk> ," "Brünauer-Fuhs-Siemens type of<unk> ," "Focal non-epidermolytic<unk> ," "Keratosis<unk> is varians,"<unk>  areata,"<unk>  striata," "Wachter<unk> ," and "Wachters<unk> ") is a cutaneous condition, an autosomal dominant<unk>  principally involving the soles with onset in infancy or the first few years of life. * Type 1: : DSG1 * Type 2: : DSP * Type 3: : KRT1 *Carvajal syndrome (also known as "Striate<unk>  with woolly hair and cardiomyopathy" and "Striate<unk>  with woolly hair and left ventricular dilated cardiomyopathy,") is a cutaneous condition inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion, and due to a defect in desmoplakin. Striate<unk> , woolly hair, and left ventricular dilated cardiomyopathy has been described in both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms, but only the recessive forms have a clear association with dilated cardiomyopathy. The skin disease presents as a striate<unk>  with some nonvolar involvement, particularly at sites of pressure or abrasion. *Scleroatrophic syndrome of Huriez (also known as "Huriez syndrome,"<unk>  with scleroatrophy,"<unk>  with sclerodactyly," "Scleroatrophic and keratotic dermatosis of the limbs," and "Sclerotylosis") is an autosomal dominant<unk>  with sclerodactyly present at birth with a diffuse symmetric<unk>  of the palms and soles. An association with 4q23 has been described. It was characterized in 1968. * Vohwinkel syndrome (also known as<unk>  hereditaria mutilans," "Keratoma hereditaria mutilans," "Mutilating<unk>  of Vohwinkel", "Mutilating<unk> ") is a diffuse autosomal dominant<unk>  with onset in early infancy characterized by a honeycombed<unk>  involving the<unk>  surfaces. Mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss is often associated. It has been associated with GJB2. It was characterized in 1929. * Olmsted syndrome (also known as "Mutilating<unk>  with periorificial keratotic plaques," "Mutilating<unk>  with periorificial plaques" and "Polykeratosis of Touraine") is a<unk>  of the palms and soles, with flexion deformity of the digits, that begins in infancy. Treatment with retinoids has been described. It has been associated with mutations in TRPV3. * Aquagenic<unk> , also known as acquired aquagenic<unk> , transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma, aquagenic syringeal acrokeratoderma, and aquagenic wrinkling of the palms, is a skin condition characterized by the development of white papules on the palms after water exposure. The condition causes irritation of the palms when touching certain materials after being wet, e.g., paper, cloth. An association with cystic fibrosis has been suggested. The association with cystic fibrosis suggests an increased salt content in the skin.
Palmoplantar keratoderma
Tar melanosis
Striate keratoderma
Hypertrichosis cubiti
Median nail dystrophy
Onychogryphosis
Prurigo simplex
Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris