There is some suggestion that birth defects are increased with the use of IVF in general, and<unk>  specifically, though different studies show contradictory results. In a summary position paper, the Practice Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine has said it considers<unk>  safe and effective therapy for male factor infertility, but may carry an increased risk for the transmission of selected genetic abnormalities to offspring, either through the procedure itself or through the increased inherent risk of such abnormalities in parents undergoing the procedure. There is not enough evidence to say that<unk>  procedures are safe in females with hepatitis B in regard to vertical transmission to the offspring, since the puncture of the oocyte can potentially avail for vertical transmission to the offspring.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection
Testicular sperm extraction
Sacrohysteropexy
In vitro fertilisation
Spermatocelectomy
Sperm donation
Assisted reproductive technology