There are three different theories to the cause of the<unk> . The first is the intrinsic theory, which was proposed by Streeter in 1930, implicates an anomaly in germ plasm resulting in the defects. This theory is reinforced by the clinical presentation of the<unk> <unk> s with other internal visceral and systematic anomalies. Because of these other anomalies the names<unk> ",<unk>  Band Syndrome", and "Streeter Bands" are given to this defect/disease. This is sometimes attributed to vascular disruption shared between cleft palate and other forms of cleft defects occurring together with ABS; this co-occurrence suggests an "intrinsic" defect of the blood circulation. The second theory postulates the involvement of an intrauterine disruption during pregnancy followed by a cascade of events involving amniotic rupture. When spontaneous rupture of the amnion occurs early in the second trimester, the separation of amnion from chorion produces many small, thin strands that can become entangled within digits and toes. Later, as the fetus grows but the bands do not, the bands become<unk> g. This<unk>  reduces blood circulation, hence causes congenital abnormalities. In some cases a complete "natural" amputation of a digit(s) or limb may occur before birth or the digit(s) or limbs may be necrotic (dead) and require surgical amputation following birth. The names "Amniotic Band Syndrome" (ABS), "Amniotic Disruption Complex", and "Amniochorionic Mesoblastic Fibrous Strings" are based on this theory. The third theory postulates the involvement of intrauterine trauma. Intrauterine trauma could be something like amniocentesis, or something like a fetal surgery. An intrauterine trauma could result in hemorrhage leading to acrosyndactyly. One study also showed the presence of bands as confirmed by sonography after fetal surgery. Because of these different theories, there are many names for this syndrome. For a long time people believed the second theory about the amniotic rupture and strands. In the research cases not every child had a real (amniotic) strand. It could be that there has to be another explanation for the development of these anomalies.
Constriction ring syndrome
Jordans' anomaly
Saal Greenstein syndrome
Ebstein's anomaly
Spigelian hernia
Situs inversus
Intersection syndrome
Heerfordt syndrome