Genetics<unk>  is a heritable condition that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Children or siblings of people with<unk>  are at higher risk of developing<unk>  themselves; low progesterone levels may be genetic, and may contribute to a hormone imbalance. There is an approximate six-fold increased incidence in individuals with an affected first-degree relative. It has been proposed that<unk>  results from a series of multiple hits within target genes, in a mechanism similar to the development of cancer. In this case, the initial mutation may be either somatic or heritable. Individual genomic changes (found by genotyping including genome-wide association studies) that have been associated with<unk>  include 9 locis robustly replicated in various MNAs reaching genome-wide significance : Chromosome Gene/cytoband Gene Product Function 1 WNT4/1p36.12 Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 4 Vital for development of the female reproductive organs 2 GREB1/2p25.1 Growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1/Fibronectin 1 Early response gene in the estrogen regulation pathway/Cell adhesion and migration processes 2 ETAA1/2p14 (ETAA1 Activator Of ATR Kinase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with ETAA1 include Adult Lymphoma and Restless Legs Syndrome 2 IL1A/2q13 Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) is encoded by the IL1A gene. Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) is encoded by the IL1A gene. 4 KDR/4q12 KDR is the human gene encoding kinase insert domain receptor also known as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) KDR is the human gene encoding kinase insert domain receptor also known as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) 6 ID4/6p22.3 Inhibitor of DNA binding 4 Ovarian oncogene, biological function unknown 7 7p15.2 Transcription factors Influence transcriptional regulation of uterine development 9 CDKN2BAS/9p21.3 Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA Regulation of tumour suppressor genes 12 VEZT/12q22 Vezatin, an adherens junction transmembrane protein Tumor suppressor gene There are many findings of altered gene expression and epigenetics, but both of these can also be a secondary result of, for example, environmental factors and altered metabolism. Examples of altered gene expression include that of miRNAs. Environmental toxins Some factors associated with<unk>  include: * prolonged exposure to estrogen; for example, in late menopause or early menarche * obstruction of menstrual outflow; for example, in Müllerian anomalies Several studies have investigated the potential link between exposure to dioxins and<unk> , but the evidence is equivocal and potential mechanisms are poorly understood. A 2004 review of studies of dioxin and<unk>  concluded that "the human data supporting the dioxin-endometriosis association are scanty and conflicting", and a 2009 follow-up review also found that there was "insufficient evidence" in support of a link between dioxin exposure and developing<unk> . A 2008 review concluded that more work was needed, stating that "although preliminary work suggests a potential involvement of exposure to dioxins in the pathogenesis of<unk> , much work remains to clearly define cause and effect and to understand the potential mechanism of toxicity".
Endometriosis
Fibromyalgia
Pyometra
Interstitial cystitis
Endometritis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Endometrioma
Irritable bowel syndrome