Bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) should not be routinely used in any type of anterior cervical spine fusion, such as with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. There are reports of this therapy causing soft tissue swelling, which in turn can cause life-threatening complications due to difficulty swallowing and pressure on the respiratory tract.
Spinal fusion
Interbody fusion cage
Vertebral fixation
Spinal adjustment
Scalp reconstruction
Rib removal
Distraction osteogenesis
Intervertebral disc annuloplasty