SCAD is diagnosed via colonoscopy, often incidentally during examination for unrelated concerns. Colonoscopy shows erythema of the colonic mucosa, which may be characterized by friability and exudate. The descending and sigmoid colon are typically involved. Biopsies of the affected area and the unaffected rectum confirm the diagnosis. Biopsies of SCAD show evidence of chronic inflammation. Rectal biopsies show normal mucosa. It is important and occasional difficult to distinguish SCAD from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Biopsies reveal histologic findings that are identical in both conditions. However, ulcerative colitis usually affects the rectum and inflammation in IBD extends to areas of the colon without<unk> . Additional causes of colitis should be evaluated, including infectious and medication-induced, particularly NSAID-associated. Laboratory results are usually normal in individuals with SCAD. The white blood cell count may be mildly elevated. Fecal calprotectin, a marker of colon inflammation, may be elevated in individuals with SCAD. Fecal calprotectin may assist in distinguishing SCAD from irritable bowel syndrome. Imaging tests, including CT abdomen, may show inflammation or thickening of the distal colon, with<unk><unk> . There may be evidence of inflammation extending around the bowel (fat stranding).
Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis
Collagenous colitis
Chemical colitis
Diversion colitis
Microscopic colitis
Lymphocytic colitis
Fibrosing colonopathy
Cytomegalovirus colitis