<unk>  (); also known as corrective jaw<unk>  or simply jaw<unk> , is<unk>  designed to correct conditions of the jaw and lower face related to structure, growth, airway issues including sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusion problems primarily arising from skeletal disharmonies, other orthodontic dental bite problems that cannot be easily treated with braces, as well as the broad range of facial imbalances, disharmonies, asymmetries and malproportions where correction can be considered to improve facial aesthetics and self esteem. The origins of<unk>  belong in oral<unk> , and the basic operations related to the surgical removal of impacted or displaced teeth - especially where indicated by orthodontics to enhance dental treatments of malocclusion and dental crowding. One of the first published cases of<unk>  was the one from Dr. Simon P. Hullihen in 1849. Originally coined by Harold Hargis, it was more widely popularised first in Germany and then most famously by Hugo Obwegeser who developed the BSSO operation. This<unk>  is also used to treat congenital conditions such as cleft palate. Typically<unk>  is performed via the mouth, where jaw bone is cut, moved, modified, and realigned to correct malocclusion or dentofacial deformity. The word "osteotomy" means the division of bone by means of a surgical cut. The "jaw osteotomy", either to the upper jaw or lower jaw (and usually both) allows (typically) an oral and maxillofacial surgeon to surgically align an arch of teeth, or the segment of a dental arch with its associated jawbone, relative to other segments of the dental arches. Working with orthodontists, the coordination of dental arches has primarily been directed to create a working occlusion. As such,<unk>  is seen a secondary procedure supporting a more fundamental orthodontic objective. It is only recently, and especially with the evolution of oral and maxillofacial<unk>  in establishing itself as a primary medical specialty - as opposed to its long term status as a dental speciality - that<unk>  has increasingly emerged as a primary treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea, as well as for primary facial proportionality or symmetry correction. The primary use of<unk>  to correct jaw disproportion or malocclusion is rare in most countries due to private health insurance and public hospital funding and health access issues. A small number of mostly heavily socialist funded countries report that jaw correction procedures occur in some form or other in about 5% of a general population, but this figure would be at the extreme end of service presenting with dentofacial deformities like maxillary prognathisms, mandibular prognathisms, open bites, difficulty chewing, difficulty swallowing, temporomandibular joint dysfunction pains, excessive wear of the teeth, and receding chins. Increasingly, as people are more able to self fund<unk> , 3D facial diagnostic and design systems have emerged, as well as new operations that enable for a broad range of jaw correction procedures that have become readily accessible; in particularly in private maxillofacial surgical practice. These procedures include IMDO, SARME, GenioPaully, custom BIMAX, and custom PEEK procedures. These procedures are replacing the traditional role of certain<unk>  operations that have for decades served wholly and primarily orthodontic or dental purposes.
Orthognathic surgery
Palatal lift prosthesis
Facial implant
Cheiloplasty
Non-surgical rhinoplasty
Periradicular surgery
Mandibular advancement splint
Otoplasty