<unk>  The<unk>  (or FA model) is a psychiatric model that describes how individuals develop and maintain chronic musculoskeletal pain as a result of attentional processes and avoidant behavior based on pain-related<unk> . Introduced by Lethem et al. in 1983, this model helped explain how these individuals experience pain despite the absence of pathology. If an individual experiences acute discomfort and delays the situation by using avoidant behavior, a lack of pain increase reinforces this behavior. Increased vulnerability provides positive feedback to the perceived level of pain and rewards avoidant behavior for removing unwanted stimuli. If the individual perceives the pain as nonthreatening or temporary, he or she feels less anxious and confronts the pain-related situation. Avoidant behavior is healthy when encouraging the individual to avoid stressing injuries and permitting them to heal. However, it is harmful when discouraging the individual from activity after the injury is healed. The resulting hypervigilance and disability restricts normal use of the tissue and deteriorates the individual physically and mentally. Once the avoidant behavior is no longer reinforced, the individual exits the positive feedback loop. In 1993, Waddell et al. developed a<unk><unk>  Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) which showed that<unk><unk>  beliefs about physical activities are strongly related to work loss.
Fear-avoidance model
Emotional approach coping
Recovery model
Body substance isolation
Functional integration 
Social narrative
Culture of violence theory
Integrative milieu model