First-line treatment for metastatic<unk>  has not been standardized. Thus, similar treatment approaches for clear cell RCC have been used for<unk> , even though it has a distinct tumor histology. Surgery Nephrectomy or nephron-sharing partial nephrectomy is widely recommended to reduce the risk of metastasis by eliminating all or part of the kidney. Surgery procedures for<unk>  depend on the patient's status and are very similar to procedures performed on RCC patients. Targeted Therapy Several medications that target molecular pathways in RCC have been possible options for advanced and metastatic<unk> . Among different medications, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are effective in inhibiting angiogenesis, blocking growth and suppressing spread of the tumor. Sunitinib, sorafenib, and axitinib are TKIs with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which inhibit cellular signaling by targeting multiple receptor tyrosine kinase. Everolimus and temsirolimus are used in deregulating the mTOR pathway. Specifically, mTOR inhibitors have crucial roles in regulating cell growth, cell proliferation and metabolism of highly active tumor cells. Other targeted agents such as MET inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, are also promising treatment approaches for<unk> . Foretinib is one example of a multikinase inhibitor targeting c-MET. Considering that MET gene mutation is one oncogenic pathway of<unk> , MET inhibitors like tivantinib and volitinib are currently being investigated as a new targeted therapy option.
Papillary renal cell carcinoma
Renal medullary carcinoma
Renal anaplastic sarcoma
Renal medullary fibroma
Renal oncocytoma
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma