<unk> s are electrically charged solutes necessary to maintain body homeostasis. The main<unk> s include Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), and Magnesium (Mg). These<unk> s are involved in multiple physiologic and neurohormonal reactions necessary to maintain neuromuscular, neuronal, myocardial, and acid-base balance. Their balance are mainly regulated by renal and endocrine systems, any changes in their balance may be life threatening.<unk> s are in balance to achieve neutral electrical charges.<unk> s could be classified based on their electrical charge to anions and cations. Anions include bicarbonate, chloride, and phosphorus. Cations are calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Sodium and chloride are the major extracellular ions that has the greatest impact on serum osmolality (solute concentration in 1 liter of water). Calcium and bicarbonate are the other major extracellular<unk> s. Main intracellular<unk> s are potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium.
Electrolyte disturbance
Bacterial disease
Brain damage
Skin disease
Infection
Central nervous system infection
Central nervous system disease
Neoplasia