<unk>  <unk>  is an autoimmune disease that can involve almost all body organs.<unk>  may be classified into several subtypes according to the clinical features including<unk> , cutaneous<unk>  erythematosus, drug-induced<unk> , and neonatal<unk> . The progression of<unk>  involves the immune system. Almost all of the pathological manifestations of<unk>  are due to antibody formation and deposition of immune complexes in different organs of the body. When the immune complexes are formed, they deposit in different body tissues and vessels, which may lead to complement activation and more organ damage. Other factors, including genetic factors, hormonal abnormalities, and environmental factors, also play a role in the pathogenesis of<unk> . There are no established causes of<unk> , but the most potent risk factors in the development of<unk>  are known to be female sex, HLA genetic mutations, African American, Asian, or non-Causcasian race, ultraviolet light exposure, and previous exposure to certain infections.<unk>  must be differentiated from other diseases that cause skin rash, and arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD),<unk>  sclerosis (SSc), dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), and other autoimmune diseases. Worldwide, the prevalence of<unk>  is 60 per 100,000 persons.<unk>  can cause numerous flare ups.<unk>  usually develops in the second and third decades of life, although it can present at any age.<unk>  usually begins with mild symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and skin rashes. Without treatment, the patient will develop symptoms of end organ damage, which eventually leads to death in most cases. Common complications of<unk>  include dermatitis, nephritis, and arthritis. Most of these complications occur in chronic cases and lead to significant debilitation. The prognosis of<unk>  can vary.<unk>  can range from a benign illness to an extremely rapidly progressive disease that can lead to fulminant organ failure and death. Without treatment,<unk>  results in very high mortality rate. During the mid-20th century, the mortality rate of<unk>  was reported to be higher than 60%.<unk>  can be diagnosed based on SLICC criteria. The patient may have a positive history of familial<unk> , skin rashes (especially photosensitive skin rashes), arthritis, and fatigue, which may be suggestive of<unk> . The most common symptoms of<unk>  include constitutional symptoms such as fatigue, fever, myalgia, and weight changes. Other, organ-specific symptoms mostly occur with disease progression.<unk>  may show a variety of symptoms in different organs depending on the complications of the disease. The therapy for<unk>  <unk>  is targeted towards controlling disease activity and preventing organ damage. The choice of treatment for<unk>  <unk>  varies based on the severity of the disease and symptoms. Generally, all patients should be treated with hydroxychloroquine. Other pharmacologic medical therapies for<unk>  include glucocorticoids like oral prednisone or intravenous methylprednisolone, NSAIDs like celecoxib, and immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, or, particularly in severe cases, rituximab. Cutaneous<unk>  erythematosus (CLE), if present without the involvement of any other organ system, can be treated with topical corticosteroids. Other organ-related complications of<unk>  should be treated separately.
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Scleroderma
Drug-induced lupus erythematosus
Familial mediterranean fever
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Scleromyositis