HPIVs are negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that possess fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein "spikes" on their surface. There are four serotypes types of HPIV (1 through 4) and two subtypes (4a and 4b). The virion varies in size (average diameter between 150 and 300 nm) and shape, is unstable in the environment (surviving a few hours on environmental surfaces), and is readily inactivated with soap and water.
Human parainfluenza viruses classification
COVID-19 differential diagnosis
Influenza classification
COVID-19-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome differential diagnosis
COVID-19-associated pneumonia differential diagnosis
Swine influenza differential diagnosis
Human parainfluenza viruses epidemiology and demographics
Enterovirus 68 differential diagnosis