Catheter-directed thrombolysis is first-line treatment for acute disease (<2-6 weeks duration)
Consider surgical thoracic outlet decompression (TOD) for chronic disease or failure of catheter-directed thrombolysis
Anticoagulation alone is not recommended due to high rates of morbidity
Paget-Schroetter syndrome
Cellulitis
Wilson's disease
Deep venous thrombosis
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Kounis syndrome
Lymphatic obstruction
Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome