Clot formation
Bleeding
Suck down and kicking (vessel collapse around access cannula)
Circut rupture, deccannulation, oxygenator failure, pump failure
VA can → left ventricle overdistension → cardiac damage, pulmonary bleed or infarction, aortic thrombosis, cardiac or cerebral hypoxia
North-South syndrome (cephalad hypoxia/cyanosis) may occur in patients with femoral-femoral cannulation for VA support
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Pediatric jet ventilation
Mechanical ventilation 
Advanced airway adjuncts
Bag valve mask ventilation
Delayed sequence intubation
Noninvasive ventilation
Rapid sequence intubation