Involve at least one of five bones that comprise base of the skull 
cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
orbital plate of the frontal bone
petrous and squamous portion of the temporal bone
sphenoid and occipital bones
Occur most commonly through temporal bone--> high risk for extra-axial hematomas, particularly epidural hematoma
cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
orbital plate of the frontal bone
petrous and squamous portion of the temporal bone
sphenoid and occipital bones
Basilar skull fracture
Traumatic brain injury
Skull fracture
Intracranial hemorrhage
Skull fracture 
Moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury
Frontal sinus fracture
Elevated intracranial pressure