Primary<unk>  (myeloproliferative disorders)<unk>  vera
Essential thrombocytosis (ET
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Leukemoid Reaction
Myelofibrosis
Secondary<unk>  (due to increased EPO)
Chronic hypoxemia (e.g. COPD, physiologic altitude adaptations or chronic mountain sickness)
Carboxyhemoglobin (chronic smokers)
Renal cyst or hydronephrosis
EPO-secreting tumors (RCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
Anabolic steroid abuse
Abnormal hemoglobins<unk>  vera
Essential thrombocytosis (ET
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Leukemoid Reaction
Myelofibrosis
Chronic hypoxemia (e.g. COPD, physiologic altitude adaptations or chronic mountain sickness)
Carboxyhemoglobin (chronic smokers)
Renal cyst or hydronephrosis
EPO-secreting tumors (RCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
Anabolic steroid abuse
Abnormal hemoglobins
Polycythemia
Primary polycythemia 
Thrombocytosis
Polycythemia vera
Dyshemoglobinemia
Essential thrombocytosis 
Lactic acidosis
Chronic myelogenous leukemia 