Acute pain management
Open<unk>  require immediate IV antibiotics and urgent surgical washout
Neurovascular compromise from<unk> requires emergent reduction and/or orthopedic intervention
Consider risk for compartment syndrome
Indications:
Most angulated and/or displaced<unk><unk>  requires closed reduction and placement of a sugar-tong splint
Consider even if operative management is expected (to reduce pain and swelling)
Steps:
Adequate analgesia (e.g. morphine and/or hematoma block)
highly consider procedural sedation
Axial traction: Manual or finger traps with hanging weights, if available
Recreate, then reverse, mechanism of injury
Although recreating the injury briefly exaggerates the existing deformity, this maneuver "unlocks" any periosteal sleeve folded into the<unk> site (which can be critical in achieving reduction)
Continue to maintain axial traction throughout manuver
For example with a<unk> with dorsally angulated fragments, establish axial traction, then slightly bending the dorsal fragment even more dorsally while maintain traction, then reverse pressure to reduce the<unk>  fragment volarly and back out to length, all while maintaining traction.
Splint
Re-image
Goal:
Always target optimal (anatomic)<unk> reduction
Operative fixation is recommended for<unk>  with post-reduction:
Radial shortening > 3mm
Dorsal tilt > 10°, or
Intra-articular displacement or step-off > 2mm
Most angulated and/or displaced<unk><unk>  requires closed reduction and placement of a sugar-tong splint
Consider even if operative management is expected (to reduce pain and swelling)
Although recreating the injury briefly exaggerates the existing deformity, this maneuver "unlocks" any periosteal sleeve folded into the<unk> site (which can be critical in achieving reduction)
Continue to maintain axial traction throughout manuver
For example with a<unk> with dorsally angulated fragments, establish axial traction, then slightly bending the dorsal fragment even more dorsally while maintain traction, then reverse pressure to reduce the<unk>  fragment volarly and back out to length, all while maintaining traction.
Always target optimal (anatomic)<unk> reduction
Operative fixation is recommended for<unk>  with post-reduction:
Radial shortening > 3mm
Dorsal tilt > 10°, or
Intra-articular displacement or step-off > 2mm
Radial shortening > 3mm
Dorsal tilt > 10°, or
Intra-articular displacement or step-off > 2mm
Reduction performed
Sugar tong splint
Reduction not attempted or failed
Volar short arm splint
If severe pain with pronation/supination, then sugar tong splint
Sugar tong splint
Volar short arm splint
If severe pain with pronation/supination, then sugar tong splint
If severe pain with pronation/supination, then sugar tong splint
Distal radius fractures
Jefferson fracture
Colles' fracture
Humerus fracture
Smith fracture
Scapular fracture
Barton fracture
Calcaneus fracture