Unilateral<unk>  is usually asymptomatic. Respiratory distress is seen in bilateral<unk> . Causes of<unk>  include unknown in many cases, Phrenic nerve injury in cardiac surgery and some viral infections. Patients after cardiac surgery and viral infection are at higher risk. Chest radiography, fluoroscopic sniff test , measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and ultrasound are diagnostic studies for<unk> . Treatment options include ventilatory support and diaphragmatic pacing. Prognosis is excellent in unilateral<unk> , but bilateral<unk>  is a medical emergency.
Diaphragmatic paralysis
Tracheal deviation
Trapped lung
Vocal cord paresis
Diaphragmatic rupture
Urinothorax
Flail chest
Diaphragmatic eventration