Kidneys serve as a buffering system to maintain acid-base balance. Kidneys reabsorb the filtered bicarbonate and excrete acid to maintain acid-base balance. HCO3 reabsorption is facilitated by Na-H and proton pumps. Collecting tubules serve the function of excretion of acid. When ever there is disruption in the normal physiological mechanisms of<unk>  system of kidneys acidosis sets in. . Potassium is the most common electrolyte abnormality that can be noticed with<unk> . It can be either hypokalemic<unk>  or hyperkalemic<unk> .<unk>  can be classified into type 1 (distal), type 2 (proximal), type 4 (hypoaldosteronism) and voltage-dependent<unk> . Genetic mutations are the most common etiology for<unk> . If left untreated<unk>  leads to growth failure and chronic kidney failure. Urine pH is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of<unk> . Alkalization of the urine along with correction of electrolyte abnormalities is the mainstay of treatment in patients diagnosed by<unk> . Sodium bicarbonate with potassium replacement are the medications recommended along with correction of underlying cause.
Renal tubular acidosis
Hyperchloremic acidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Cystinuria
Third spacing of fluids
Renal glycosuria
Phosphate nephropathy
Dehydration