<unk>  <unk>  is a medical condition primarily seen in premature infants, where portions of the bowel undergo<unk> rosis (tissue death).<unk>  <unk>  is one of the most common acquired, life-threatening gastrointestinal diseases in the newborn, affecting 1%–5% of neonatal intensive care unit admissions and up to 10% of neonates under 1500 g.
The incidence of<unk>  is inversely proportional to the gestational age.
Of term infants, congenital heart disease is the main risk factor in this group. Other risk factors include perinatal asphyxia, patent ductus arteriosus, indomethacin therapy, and decreased umbilical flow in utero.<unk>  most commonly manifests within the first or second week of life.
The symptoms referable to the gastrointestinal tract include feeding intolerance, vomiting, diarrhea, and blood in the stool. However, there may also be non-specific generalized symptoms including lethargy, temperature and blood pressure instability, and apnea.
Prompt institution of therapy, which includes bowel rest with a nasogastric tube, antibiotics, and adequate hydration (total parenteral nutrition), is essential to limit clinical progression and the development of complications.
The overall mortality rate in<unk>  is between 20% and 40% and is higher in neonates of very low birth weight.
Because of the higher mortality rate following perforation, earlier detection of severely ischemic or<unk> rotic loops of bowel before perforation occurs could potentially improve the morbidity and mortality in<unk> .
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Necrotising enterocolitis
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis
Intestinal malrotation
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome
Meconium ileus
Intussusception
Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome