<unk>  is defined as inflammation of the urinary bladder. When caused by an infection,<unk>  is classified as a type of the lower UTI.<unk>  results mostly from ascending infections from the urethra but can also result from descending infections from the blood or the lymphatic system. The condition more often affects women, but can affect either gender and all age groups. Urinary tract infections have been described since 1550 BC. In 1836 the earliest record of interstitial<unk>  without the presence of a bladder stone were published.<unk>  may be classified according to the etiology and therapeutic approach into various subtypes including: traumatic, interstitial, eosinophilic, hemorrhagic<unk> , and<unk>  cystica. For the purpose of treatment,<unk>  may also be classified into acute uncomplicated, complicated, and recurrent<unk> .<unk>  occurs when the normally sterile lower urinary tract (urethra and bladder) is infected by bacteria, which leads to irritation and inflammation. Females are more prone to the development of<unk>  because of their relatively shorter urethra. Complicated<unk>  is due to the obstruction and stasis of urine flow. More than 85% of cases of<unk>  are caused by escherichia coli (E. coli), a bacterium found in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Other causes of<unk>  include certain medications, diabetes, crohn's disease, iatrogenic causes, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, urinary obstruction, and bladder incontinence.<unk>  must be differentiated from other causes of dysuria. Approximately 50% of patients with acute uncomplicated<unk>  will recover without treatment within a few days or weeks. If left untreated, some patients with<unk>  may progress to develop recurrent infection, pyelonephritis, hematuria, and rarely renal failure. Prognosis is generally good. The majority of patients with<unk>  do not have recurrence or complications after treatment. Patients with<unk>  are usually well-appearing. Common physical examination findings of<unk>  include fever and suprapubic tenderness. Antimicrobial therapy is indicated in<unk> .  The treatment of<unk>  depends on the disease course (acute uncomplicated vs. complicated) and the rates of resistance in the community.  Preventative measures to avoid<unk>  include abstinence from sexual activity, use of barrier contraception during sexual intercourse, increasing fluid intake and frequency of urination, and use of estrogen (among postmenopausal women).
Cystitis
Proctitis
Appendicitis
Pyelonephritis
Oophoritis
Cervicitis
Pyonephrosis
Hydronephrosis