The diagnosis of COPD is confirmed by spirometry, a test that measures the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), which is the greatest volume of air that can be breathed out in the first second of a large breath. Spirometry also measures the forced vital capacity (FVC), which is the greatest volume of air that can be breathed out in a whole large breath. Normally, at least 70% of the FVC comes out in the first second (i.e. the FEV1/FVC ratio is >70%). A ratio less than normal defines the patient as having COPD.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease study of choice
Chronic stable angina test selection guideline for the individual basis
Pulmonary embolism assessment of clinical probability and risk scores
D-dimer prognostic role in mortality
Central sleep apnea here screening
Aortic insufficiency classification of severity
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease electrocardiogram
Chronic stable angina definition