In statistical hypothesis testing, the<unk>  is the<unk> robability of obtaining a result at least as extreme as a given data<unk> oint, assuming the data<unk> oint was the result of chance alone. The fact that<unk> s are based on this assumption is crucial to their correct interpretation. The<unk>  may be noted as a decimal:<unk>  < 0.05 means that the likelihood that the event occurred by chance alone is less than 5%. The lower the<unk> , the less likely the event would occur by chance alone.
P-value
Absolute deviation
Quantum yield
Hazard ratio
Arithmetic mean
Ancillary statistic
Degrees of freedom 
Statistical significance