<unk> s are a nonspecific symptom that are often defined as a rapid disagreeable sensation/pulsation that may be momentary or sustained and regular or irregular. It is one thing to understand the pathophysiology of<unk> s as a symptom and another to understand the pathophysiology of conditions that cause<unk> s.<unk> s are hypothesized to be due to neural-afferent sensory pathways located at both cardiac and extracardiac levels. It may be caused due to abnormal adjustments in the rate, rhythm and contractility of the heart.
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