A<unk>  is a transient event that is due to excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. The term<unk> ' is derived from a Greek word that means 'to take hold'. In 2017, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classified<unk>  by its onsets as focal (aware/impaired awareness, motor, nonmotor, focal to tonic-clonic<unk> s), generalized (motor, nonmotor), and unknown (motor, nonmotor, and unclassified).<unk> s may be provoked (by hypoglycemia or alcohol withdrawal, etc) or spontaneous (by underlying epilepsy). It is estimated that 11% of the population experience a<unk>  in their life compared to the estimation of 3% for epilepsy. Risk factors that can precipitate or provoke<unk>  include, excessive sleep deprivation, alcohol use, illicit drug use, some medications that reduce the<unk>  threshold, toxins, homeostasis abnormality due to organ failure, metabolic abnormalities, and medical and surgical histories that may be important in assessing the patient’s risk for future<unk> s. Some of the causes of<unk>  include, brain injury, brain hemorrhage, encephalitis, high fever, chronic alcohol use, chronic sleep deprivation, medications, metabolic abnormalities, withdrawal from alcohol or drugs. Signs and symptoms of<unk> s depend on the area of the brain that it originates from.<unk>  can be associated with loss of consciousness, confusion, visual or other sensory symptoms, body shaking, limb jerking, or a brief loss of awareness. Diagnosis of<unk>  is done by taking the patient's history, physical examination, laboratory investigation,  EEG, and brain imaging. In the acute setting,<unk> s are initially treated with benzodiazepines (lorazepam or midazolam), followed by phenytoin or phenobarbital. Treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may be required in some patients.
Prevention is based on controlling the risk factors that may provoke a<unk> .
Seizure
Epilepsy
Jacksonian seizure
Febrile seizure
Atonic seizure
Absence seizure
Status epilepticus
Drop attack