Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm blooded animals, including humans, causing the disease<unk> . Members of the cat family (Felidae) are the only known definitive hosts for the sexual stages of T. gondii and thus are the main reservoirs of infection.  Cats become infected with T. gondii by carnivorism .  After tissue cysts or oocysts are ingested by the cat, viable organisms are released and invade epithelial cells of the small intestine where they undergo an asexual followed by a sexual cycle and then form oocysts, which are excreted.  The unsporulated oocyst takes 1 to 5 days after excretion to sporulate (become infective).  Although cats shed oocysts for only 1 to 2 weeks, large numbers may be shed.  Oocysts can survive in the environment for several months and are remarkably resistant to disinfectants, freezing, and drying, but are killed by heating to 70°C for 10 minutes.
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