The procedure by which the viscosity reduction of the heavy crude oil is achieved includes the use of water or brine with {HEAD ~ an alkaline chemical additive} such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium silicates and {TAIL ~ other strong bases} 
The procedure by which the viscosity reduction of the heavy crude oil is achieved includes the use of water or brine with { HEAD ~ an alkaline chemical additive } such as sodium hydroxide , calcium hydroxide , sodium silicates and { TAIL ~ other strong bases }
OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD REL REL OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL