a) introducing into the somatic cell one or more retroviral vectors comprising a gene encoding Oct3/4, a gene encoding Klf4, {HEAD ~ a gene encoding c Myc} and a gene encoding Sox2 operably linked to a promoter; and b) culturing the transduced somatic cell on a fibroblast feeder layer or extracellular matrix in {TAIL ~ a cell media} that supports growth of ES cells of the mammalian species, wherein one or more pluripotent cells are obtained 
a ) introducing into the somatic cell one or more retroviral vectors comprising a gene encoding Oct3/4 , a gene encoding Klf4 , { HEAD ~ a gene encoding c Myc } and a gene encoding Sox2 operably linked to a promoter ; and b ) culturing the transduced somatic cell on a fibroblast feeder layer or extracellular matrix in { TAIL ~ a cell media } that supports growth of ES cells of the mammalian species , wherein one or more pluripotent cells are obtained
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