A precursor for {HEAD ~ a nanostructure assembly}, comprising: a conducting substrate; a catalyst layer; and {TAIL ~ a plurality} of intermediate layers between the conducting substrate and the catalyst layer, the plurality of intermediate layers including at least one layer to affect morphology of a nanostructure to be formed on the catalyst layer and at least one layer to affect electrical properties of an interface between the support layer and the nanostructure 
A precursor for { HEAD ~ a nanostructure assembly } , comprising : a conducting substrate ; a catalyst layer ; and { TAIL ~ a plurality } of intermediate layers between the conducting substrate and the catalyst layer , the plurality of intermediate layers including at least one layer to affect morphology of a nanostructure to be formed on the catalyst layer and at least one layer to affect electrical properties of an interface between the support layer and the nanostructure
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