Metal oxide nanoparticles act as scavengers of HF generated by electrolyte decomposition, wherein the spinel type anode active material may be used as an anode active material of spinel type LiMn2O4 for {HEAD ~ rechargeable lithium ion batteries}, realizing low price, {TAIL ~ high output}, long lifespan and high capacity 
Metal oxide nanoparticles act as scavengers of HF generated by electrolyte decomposition , wherein the spinel type anode active material may be used as an anode active material of spinel type LiMn2O4 for { HEAD ~ rechargeable lithium ion batteries } , realizing low price , { TAIL ~ high output } , long lifespan and high capacity
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