In particular, the present invention relates to {HEAD ~ optical switches} having {TAIL ~ a greater number} of switching states than a conventional Generalized Mach Zehnder interferometer  
having
In particular , the present invention relates to { HEAD ~ optical switches } having { TAIL ~ a greater number } of switching states than a conventional Generalized Mach Zehnder interferometer
OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD REL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH