According to other embodiments, {HEAD ~ the ACS} 1050 and {TAIL ~ cardholder} 1010 may be in direct communication 
According to other embodiments , { HEAD ~ the ACS } 1050 and { TAIL ~ cardholder } 1010 may be in direct communication
OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD OTH OTH TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH