Preferably, {HEAD ~ the substrate} is exposed to the solution for between approximately 1 minute and 24 hours and, more preferably, for {TAIL ~ approximately 30 minutes} or less 
is exposed for
Preferably , { HEAD ~ the substrate } is exposed to the solution for between approximately 1 minute and 24 hours and , more preferably , for { TAIL ~ approximately 30 minutes } or less
OTH OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD REL REL OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH REL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL OTH OTH