A system and method for tracking and tracing items that in one aspect comprises generating a group of unique codes, where a unique code is a unique encrypted reference, transferring {TAIL ~ the group} of unique codes to {HEAD ~ an item marking location}, marking items with the unique codes 
A system and method for tracking and tracing items that in one aspect comprises generating a group of unique codes , where a unique code is a unique encrypted reference , transferring { TAIL ~ the group } of unique codes to { HEAD ~ an item marking location } , marking items with the unique codes
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