Rate shaping, for example during transcoding, may be performed by {HEAD ~ intermediate network entities} without decrypting {TAIL ~ the layers} 
without decrypting
Rate shaping , for example during transcoding , may be performed by { HEAD ~ intermediate network entities } without decrypting { TAIL ~ the layers }
OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD REL REL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL