When a layer having many lattice defects in which oxygen atoms lack is formed on a metal oxide crystal body such as {HEAD ~ sapphire} in this manner, oxygen on the surface enters {TAIL ~ the lattice defects} to try to create a stable state 
When a layer having many lattice defects in which oxygen atoms lack is formed on a metal oxide crystal body such as { HEAD ~ sapphire } in this manner , oxygen on the surface enters { TAIL ~ the lattice defects } to try to create a stable state
OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH