When {HEAD ~ a layer} having {TAIL ~ many lattice defects} in which oxygen atoms lack is formed on a metal oxide crystal body such as sapphire in this manner, oxygen on the surface enters the lattice defects to try to create a stable state 
having
When { HEAD ~ a layer } having { TAIL ~ many lattice defects } in which oxygen atoms lack is formed on a metal oxide crystal body such as sapphire in this manner , oxygen on the surface enters the lattice defects to try to create a stable state
OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD REL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH