{HEAD ~ The optical element}, includes {TAIL ~ a first voltage application electrode} 13, a first opposing electrode 17 arranged in opposition to the first voltage application electrode 13, and a first phase changing layer 15 arranged between the first voltage application electrode 13 and the first opposing electrode 17 
includes
{ HEAD ~ The optical element } , includes { TAIL ~ a first voltage application electrode } 13 , a first opposing electrode 17 arranged in opposition to the first voltage application electrode 13 , and a first phase changing layer 15 arranged between the first voltage application electrode 13 and the first opposing electrode 17
HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD OTH REL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH