The invention provides a novel class of cyanine dyes that are functionalized with sulfonic acid groups and a linker moiety that facilitates their conjugation to other species and substituent groups which increase the water solubility, and optimize {HEAD ~ the optical properties} of {TAIL ~ the dyes} 
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The invention provides a novel class of cyanine dyes that are functionalized with sulfonic acid groups and a linker moiety that facilitates their conjugation to other species and substituent groups which increase the water solubility , and optimize { HEAD ~ the optical properties } of { TAIL ~ the dyes }
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