The invention provides {HEAD ~ a novel class} of {TAIL ~ cyanine dyes} that are functionalized with sulfonic acid groups and a linker moiety that facilitates their conjugation to other species and substituent groups which increase the water solubility, and optimize the optical properties of the dyes 
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The invention provides { HEAD ~ a novel class } of { TAIL ~ cyanine dyes } that are functionalized with sulfonic acid groups and a linker moiety that facilitates their conjugation to other species and substituent groups which increase the water solubility , and optimize the optical properties of the dyes
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