Still another object of the present invention is to expand {HEAD ~ operating conditions} of {TAIL ~ the invented ion source} for discharge voltages from about 20 V to over 1000 V, and for discharge currents from about 1 A to over 20 A, so a total power applied to the invented ion source can be about 1.5–2 kW without a water cooled anode, and substantially and over 10 kW with a water cooled anode 
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Still another object of the present invention is to expand { HEAD ~ operating conditions } of { TAIL ~ the invented ion source } for discharge voltages from about 20 V to over 1000 V , and for discharge currents from about 1 A to over 20 A , so a total power applied to the invented ion source can be about 1.5–2 kW without a water cooled anode , and substantially and over 10 kW with a water cooled anode
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