The procedure by which the viscosity reduction of the heavy crude oil is achieved includes {HEAD ~ the use} of water or {TAIL ~ brine} with an alkaline chemical additive such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium silicates and other strong bases 
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The procedure by which the viscosity reduction of the heavy crude oil is achieved includes { HEAD ~ the use } of water or { TAIL ~ brine } with an alkaline chemical additive such as sodium hydroxide , calcium hydroxide , sodium silicates and other strong bases
OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD REL OTH OTH TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH