In accordance with an added feature of the invention, there is {HEAD ~ the step} of defining with the aid of a flow equation for ideal gases through throttle points the model variables for {TAIL ~ the air mass flow} at the throttle valve and for the residual gas mass flow at the exhaust gas recycling valve 
In accordance with an added feature of the invention , there is { HEAD ~ the step } of defining with the aid of a flow equation for ideal gases through throttle points the model variables for { TAIL ~ the air mass flow } at the throttle valve and for the residual gas mass flow at the exhaust gas recycling valve
OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH