The optical element, includes a first voltage application electrode 13, a first opposing electrode 17 arranged in opposition to the first voltage application electrode 13, and a first phase changing {HEAD ~ layer} 15 arranged between {TAIL ~ the first voltage application electrode} 13 and the first opposing electrode 17 
arranged between
The optical element , includes a first voltage application electrode 13 , a first opposing electrode 17 arranged in opposition to the first voltage application electrode 13 , and a first phase changing { HEAD ~ layer } 15 arranged between { TAIL ~ the first voltage application electrode } 13 and the first opposing electrode 17
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