Critical 5′ and 3′ control elements from Cnidaria can be identified by cloning PCR amplified portions of 5′ and 3′ flanking sequences of known metazoan genes into {HEAD ~ reporter expression vectors}, and measuring their effect on reporter expression following {TAIL ~ transformation} of the metazoan hosts  
Critical 5′ and 3′ control elements from Cnidaria can be identified by cloning PCR amplified portions of 5′ and 3′ flanking sequences of known metazoan genes into { HEAD ~ reporter expression vectors } , and measuring their effect on reporter expression following { TAIL ~ transformation } of the metazoan hosts
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