The procedure by which {HEAD ~ the viscosity reduction} of the heavy crude oil is achieved includes the use of water or brine with an alkaline chemical additive such as {TAIL ~ sodium hydroxide}, calcium hydroxide, sodium silicates and other strong bases 
The procedure by which { HEAD ~ the viscosity reduction } of the heavy crude oil is achieved includes the use of water or brine with an alkaline chemical additive such as { TAIL ~ sodium hydroxide } , calcium hydroxide , sodium silicates and other strong bases
OTH OTH OTH OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH