Thus, {TAIL ~ the substrate} 101 and {HEAD ~ the joining layer} 103 formed on its surface are chemically bonded and joined to each other 
Thus , { TAIL ~ the substrate } 101 and { HEAD ~ the joining layer } 103 formed on its surface are chemically bonded and joined to each other
OTH OTH TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL OTH OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH