In this case, {HEAD ~ a reverse bias voltage} is applied across {TAIL ~ the device}, and a device acts as a modulator or a waveguide type PIN detector, due to quantum confinement Stark effect and the like 
In this case , { HEAD ~ a reverse bias voltage } is applied across { TAIL ~ the device } , and a device acts as a modulator or a waveguide type PIN detector , due to quantum confinement Stark effect and the like
OTH OTH OTH OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD REL REL REL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH