According to {TAIL ~ other embodiments}, the ACS 1050 and cardholder 1010 may be in {HEAD ~ direct communication} 
According to { TAIL ~ other embodiments } , the ACS 1050 and cardholder 1010 may be in { HEAD ~ direct communication }
OTH OTH TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL TAIL OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH OTH HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD