Is hand contamination of anesthesia providers an important risk factor for intraoperative bacterial transmission?
The contaminated hands of anesthesia providers serve as a significant source of patient environmental and stopcock set contamination in the operating room. Additional sources of intraoperative bacterial transmission, including postoperative environmental cleaning practices, should be further studied.
These data suggest the implication of the NRAMP1 gene in bladder cancer recurrence and response to BCG immunotherapy.