Are optimism and self-esteem related to sleep . Results from a large community-based sample?
Good and sufficient sleep is associated with positive personality characteristics. This relationship is independent of the association between poor sleep and depression.
These data suggest that peripheral MHPG levels (which is related to noradrenaline levels in the brain) could be used as a biomarker of mood states in BDI. The noradrenaline level in the brain is likely to reflect the clinical characteristics of the switch process in BDI, and has prognostic significance for the treatment of both manic and depressive states.