Reverse iontophoresis of urea in health and chronic kidney disease: a potential diagnostic and monitoring tool?
Reverse iontophoresis is safe, can potentially discriminate patients with CKD and healthy subjects and is able to track blood urea changes on dialysis. Further development of the technology for routine use can lead to an exciting opportunity for its use in diagnostics and monitoring.
Therapy targeted directly against TNFalpha (i.e., TNFR:Fc) and a more general immunomodulatory approach (i.e., IVIg) in the acute phase of MI attenuates the cardiac remodeling process and expression of genes that are involved. These findings raise the possibility that initiation of immunomodulatory therapy post-MI could be beneficial in preventing the later development of heart failure.