Altered brain white matter integrity in healthy carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele: a risk for AD?
Although the mechanism underlying vulnerability of white matter tracts in APOE epsilon4 carriers is still unknown, these findings suggest that increased genetic risk for developing Alzheimer disease is associated with changes in microscopic white matter integrity well before the onset of dementia.
The tubular epithelial cell is the major site of M-CSF production within the injured kidney. Indeed, substantial macrophage accumulation and local proliferation can occur in the tubulointerstitium in the absence of glomerular inflammation. These results suggest that M-CSF production within the kidney, particularly by tubular epithelial cells, plays an important role in regulating local macrophage proliferation in experimental kidney disease.