Does rasch analysis reveal problems with multiplicative scoring in the macular disease quality of life questionnaire?
The multiplicative rating scale of the MacDQoL is flawed and does not provide scientific measurement of VRQoL. Measurement can be restored with a series of revisions to the instrument. This study reinforces the importance of considering rating scale design when choosing patient reported outcomes instruments for healthcare research.
This study indicated that retarded growth of DRG-NC and embryos, induced by alcohol, is associated with altered expression of cell cycle and apoptotic proteins and concurrent inhibition of proliferation and increased DNA fragmentation. We suggest that alcohol induces an increase in cyclin D1 expression, premature S-phase entry, and disjointed DNA synthesis with increased apoptosis.