Plasmacytoid variant urothelial bladder cancer: is it time to update the treatment paradigm?
PCV is an aggressive UC variant, predicting non-organ-confined disease and poor survival. Differentiating between non-muscle- and muscle-invasive disease in patients with PCV UC seems less important than the aggressive nature of this disease. Instead, any evidence of PCV on transurethral resection of bladder tumor may warrant aggressive therapy.
These results indicate that PGs can induce substantial changes in the ECM around ciliary smooth muscle cells in vitro. These data support the possibility that changes in ciliary muscle ECM may contribute to increased uveoscleral outflow facility after topical PG administration.