Is patient-prosthesis mismatch a predictor of survival or a surrogate marker of co-morbidities in cardiac surgery?
Patients with PPM have worse operative mortality, post-operative complications and survival mainly due to the fact that they represent a higher risk population based on age and co-morbidities.
Our results indicate a heritable component of some yet unspecified male trait(s) that influence harm and mating success. However, there was no relationship between copulation success of fathers or sons and the mean longevity of their mates. We therefore found no support for harm being a side effect of traits favoured in pre-copulatory male-male competition.