Does combined exposure to tobacco smoke and ethanol during adolescence lead to short- and long-term modulation of anxiety-like behavior?
Adolescent female mice are more susceptible to the anxiolytic effects of SMK. The stronger effect in SMK+ETOH group suggests that, in females, the combined exposure leads to lower anxiety levels. Anxiety levels do not seem to be relevant during a short-term SMK+ETOH deprivation, however, increased anxiety during long-term smoking and drinking deprivation demonstrate late-emergent effects both in males and females.
Black men have similar or worse prostate cancer severity and outcome than white men with similar PSA ranges. Using age specific reference ranges for the PSA test defined by the Walter Reed group, black men have worse outcome than white men after radical prostatectomy. Therefore, we recommend that the PSA cutoff for biopsy should not be higher for black men at any age range.