Does suppression of transforming growth factor β signaling promote ground state pluripotency from single blastomeres?
Small molecule suppression of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and TGFβ signaling (designated as R2i) can enhance the generation of mouse ESCs from SBs of different cleavage stage embryos compared with the dual suppression of ERK1/2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), designated as 2i, regardless of the strain of mouce.
The morbidity associated with desmoid tumors has not been shown to differ, whether they arise after restorative proctocolectomy or ileorectal anastomosis.