Height and social adjustment: are extremes a cause for concern and action?
Extremes of stature in the general population-either short or tall-have minimal detectable impact on peer perceptions of social behavior, friendship, or acceptance. Findings are not supportive of the need to intervene a priori because of the potential risk of negative stature-related social sequelae. Furthermore, if problems with peer relationships are identified among short or tall youths, then factors other than stature should be considered as etiologically important.
The mechanism involved in controlling the frequency of the motor component of the motor/sensory system, the 'pacemaker', appears to become progressively 'supersensitive' to cholinergic stimulation with the development of pathology. These observations are discussed in relation to the motor/sensory system and the origins of sensation in the bladder. The argument is proposed that damage to the bladder neck, not obstruction per se, results in altered nonmicturition activity which contributes to increased afferent output. In turn this contributes to the increased sensations of urge associated with bladder dysfunction. The cholinergic regulation of this altered 'pacemaker' might be the target for one of the therapeutic actions of anticholinergic drugs.