Longitudinal enlargement of the lesion after spinal cord injury in the rat: a consequence of malignant edema?
We propose that secondary enlargement of the lesion can be explained by posttraumatic swelling. The expanding tissues are pushed out in longitudinal axis along the mechanically weakest parts of the spinal cord. Additional data that support this hypothesis are presented. Our findings indicate that malignant posttraumatic edema might have an important role in pathomechanisms of secondary injury after SCI.
Overexpression of ATF3 in CK5-expressing cells of the murine mammary gland results in the development of squamous metaplastic lesions in nulliparous females, and in mammary tumors in biparous mice, suggesting that ATF3 acts as a mammary oncogene. A subset of human breast tumors expresses high levels of ATF3, suggesting that ATF3 may play an oncogenic role in human breast tumorigenesis, and therefore may be useful as either a biomarker or therapeutic target.