Is maternal smoking during pregnancy associated with a higher risk of non-syndromic orofacial clefts in infants?
This study showed a consistent, moderate association between maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy and nonsyndromic OFC in infants. The effect was observed for both isolated and multiple clefts, and was stronger and more consistent for CL+/-P than for CP.
Our data suggest that IBTR risk after BCS in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers is increased compared with patients who have sporadic breast cancer. Likewise, the risk of CBC seems to be increased in this group. These risks and the likelihood of developing new primary tumors should be discussed with carriers interested in breast conservation as well as when choosing risk-reducing strategies.