Are increased interleukin 21 ( IL-21 ) and IL-23 associated with increased disease activity and with radiographic status in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis?
Our results show a significant association between plasma levels of IL-21 and IL-23 and disease activity in RA, supporting the hypothesis that IL-21 and IL-23 are important pathogenic factors of this disease.
Prepucioplasty does not increase urethroplasty or skin complications after distal TIP hypospadias repair. We found no contraindication for prepucioplasty among consecutive patients, indicating hypospadiologists can manage the foreskin in distal repairs according to caregiver preference.