Does single-prolonged stress induce endoplasmic reticulum-dependent apoptosis in the hippocampus in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder?
SPS induced change in the expression levels of GRP78, caspase-12 and Ca(2+)/CaM/CaMkIIα in the hippocampus of PTSD rats indicated that the endoplasmic reticulum pathway may be involved in PTSD-induced apoptosis.
We observed profound endothelial insulin resistance in the visceral adipose tissue of obese humans which improved with FOXO-1 inhibition. FOXO-1 modulation may represent a novel therapeutic target to diminish vascular insulin resistance. In addition, characterization of endothelial insulin resistance in the adipose microenvironment may provide clues to mechanisms of systemic disease in human obesity.