Do physicians' implicit views of African Americans affect clinical decision making?
Physicians possessed explicit and implicit racial biases, but those biases did not predict treatment recommendations. Clinicians' biases about the medical cooperativeness of blacks versus whites, however, may have influenced treatment decisions.
Our results could not verify any prognostic value of uPA and PAI-1 levels in patients with gastric carcinoma. Therefore, the uPA-system as a biologically defined prognostic marker to identify high-risk gastric cancers should be applied with caution. However, considering the number of patients involved and the borderline level of significance observed in this study, a larger number of events may have resulted in significant differences.