Hepatitis delta in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Brazil: is it important?
HDV infection is infrequent in the Southeast Region of Brazil, however there have been a few cases in this region. HIV/HBV patients are at potential risk for HDV infection, therefore investigations for the presence of HDV infection must be carried out in these patients.
Repeat BAL provides objective evidence for VAP resolution in the face of potentially confounding clinical factors. Hospital-acquired VAP can be managed effectively by a defined course of therapy with a low recurrence. Duration of antimicrobial therapy for VAP in trauma patients should be dictated by the causative pathogen.