Is there a direct antimicrobial effect of botulinum neurotoxin type A?
• BoNT/A has no direct antimicrobial effect. • The reduced frequency of symptomatic urinary tract infections (sUTIs) in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) after BoNT/A intradetrusor injections seems to be caused by different indirect mechanisms, which are still not completely understood.
Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for prolonged QTc, which may further increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the subjects with metabolic syndrome.