Does preoperative risk for delirium moderate the effects of postoperative pain and opiate use on postoperative delirium?
High levels of postoperative pain and using high opioid doses increased risk for postoperative delirium for all patients. The highest incidence of delirium was among patients who had high preoperative risk for delirium and also had high postoperative pain and used high opioid doses.
MIS techniques can be used safely and effectively for the diagnosis and resection of pediatric malignancies and treatment decisions can be made accurately based on tissue obtained.