Does periprocedural Risk of Stroke be Elevated in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis?
Of all patients with ESRD on HD admitted to the stroke service over the study period, over one third (38.3%) had the onset of their ischemic event during or shortly after HD, and nearly one quarter (23.5%) had the onset during HD. While clinicians may be tempted to attribute neurologic changes after HD to metabolic etiologies, they should also be aware that HD represents a period of elevated risk for acute ischemia.
The present study suggests the presence of additive interaction and effect modification between Pb and Mn on the intelligence of school-aged children, suggesting more attention should be paid to preventing the exposure of disadvantaged children to various combinations of toxic materials.