Does maternal smoking decrease antioxidative status of human breast milk?
This study revealed that maternal smoking triggers harmful effects on an infant by impairing pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance of breast milk.
The inflammatory events were mainly observed in obese individuals without IR. The absent of inflammatory events and high levels of insulin in obese subjects with IR, suggest a protector role of insulin for developing inflammatory events. These data can represent initial aspects of the chronic inflammation observed in the obesity.