Can continuous low current electrical stimulation distinguish insulated needle position in the epidural and intrathecal spaces in pediatric patients?
Monitoring with an insulated needle with electrical stimulation at 6 mA may prevent unintentional placement of epidural needles into the intrathecal space.
Many muscle relaxants have allosteric properties at muscarinic receptors; however, positive cooperativity at the M3 muscarinic receptor within clinically relevant concentrations is unique to rapacuronium. These findings establish novel parameters that should be considered in the evaluation of airway safety of any newly synthesized neuromuscular blocking agents considered for clinical practice.