Are chondrocyte phenotype and cell survival regulated by culture conditions and by specific cytokines through the expression of Sox-9 transcription factor?
The results suggest that the effects of cartilage anabolic and catabolic cytokines IGF-1 and IL-1alpha on the expression of the chondrocyte phenotype are mediated by Sox-9. As Sox-9 appears to be essential for matrix production, the potent effect of IL-1alpha in suppressing Sox-9 expression may limit the ability of cartilage to repair during inflammatory joint diseases.
Intranasal naloxone administration by police first responders is associated with decreased deaths in opioid overdose victims.