Is gravitational venous drainage significantly faster in patients with varicose veins?
The VDI was significantly greater in patients with varicose veins compared to controls. It is unlikely that impeded gravitational drainage is a significant factor in the pathophysiology of varicose veins.
These results suggest that SST increases the expression of calprotectin and S100A7 in oral epithelial cells. In response to SST, up-regulation of calprotectin may be partially induced via IL-1alpha.