Does blockade of glial-derived neurotrophic factor in laryngeal muscles promote appropriate reinnervation?
After injection of anti-GDNF into the PCA, early arriving axons bypass the PCA and enter the LTA. Later arriving axons innervate the PCA and MTA. Vocal fold function is improved as compared to controls. Anti-GDNF injection into the PCA influences the pattern of reinnervation and may result in less synkinetic, more functional innervation.
Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy is as safe and efficacious as open repair in women, and should be considered when the diagnosis is in question, for management of bilateral hernias or when concomitant abdominal pathology is being addressed.