Does negative dialysate to sodium gradient lead to intracellular volume expansion post hemodialysis?
In this study we were unable to demonstrate a relationship between predialysis serum sodium and the dialysate sodium prescribed and changes in extracellular or intracellular fluid volumes. However this study showed that using a negative sodium gradient, patients can be successfully ultrafiltrated without setting up intracompartmental fluid gradients. The caveat is that the prescribed dialysate to serum sodium gradient may differ from the actual gradient.
BMSCs from MM patients uniquely enhance constitutive NF-kappaB activity in MM cells via a proteinaceous secreted factor in part in conjunction with IL-8. Since NF-kappaB is known to potentiate MM cell survival and confer resistance to drugs including bortezomib, further identification of the NF-kappaB activating factors produced specifically by MM-derived BMSCs may provide a novel biomarker and/or drug target for the treatment of this commonly fatal disease.