Is a suboptimal 5 ' splice site downstream of HIV-1 splice site A1 required for unspliced viral mRNA accumulation and efficient virus replication?
These results demonstrate that splicing at HIV-1 3'ss A1 is regulated by the strength of the downstream 5'ss signal and that suboptimal splicing at 3'ss A1 is necessary for virus replication. Furthermore, the replication defective phenotype resulting from increased splicing at 3'ss A1 is similar to the phenotype observed upon increased splicing at 3'ss A2. Further examination of the role of 5'ss D2 and D3 in the alternative splicing of 3'ss A1 and A2, respectively, is necessary to delineate a role for non-coding exon inclusion in HIV-1 replication.
Patients treated by surgeons and nontuberculosis specialists who were inexperienced in treating tuberculosis experienced a longer suspicion delay. Enhancing knowledge about tuberculosis among all physicians in the hospital, encouraging staff to consult tuberculosis specialists to confirm a diagnosis and implementing early alarm systems are crucial to improving the correct diagnosis of tuberculosis and to reducing delays in treatment.