Are multiple mutations in the para-sodium channel gene associated with pyrethroid resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus from the United States and Mexico?
These findings demonstrate that multiple mutations in the para-sodium channel gene independently associate with pyrethroid resistance in R. microplus ticks, which is likely a consequence of human-induced selection.
Results are consistent with previous reports that IFN-gamma and iNOS transcripts are elevated in chronic HCV infection. In contrast to the hypothesis, IFN-gamma expressing T cells do not induce iNOS in hepatocytes, but probably in T cells. T lymphocytes expressing IFN-gamma and/or iNOS have the potential to participate in autocrine and paracrine pathways that may contribute to the pathobiology of chronic hepatitis C.