Is cadmium exposure accompanied by increased prevalence and future growth of atherosclerotic plaques in 64-year-old women?
We have shown that cadmium levels in blood and urine are independent factors associated with the development of atherosclerotic plaques at baseline as well as prospectively. This novel observation emphasizes the need to consider cadmium as a pro-atherogenic pollutant.
Gallbladder distention as a sonographic sign is associated with a high relative risk for conversion. The predictive value of sonographic signs for conversion requires further assessment in a prospective study.