Does bacille Calmette-Guérin scar size have implications for protection against tuberculosis or leprosy?
We find no evidence that increased BCG scar size is a correlate of vaccine-induced protective immunity against either tuberculosis or leprosy.
Our results show that during the 2009 influenza pandemic a T cell activation phenotype is observed in a wave-dependent fashion, with an expanded activation in the 2(nd) wave, compared to the 1(st) wave. Conversely, granulocyte and monocyte activation is infection-dependent. This evidence collected at the pandemic epicenter in 2009 could help us understand the differences in the underlying cellular mechanisms that drive the wave-related immune profile behaviors that occur against influenza viruses during pandemics.