Do diet-induced obesity and low testosterone increase neuroinflammation and impair neural function?
Testosterone and diet-induced obesity independently and cooperatively regulate neuroinflammation in central and peripheral nervous systems, which may contribute to observed impairments in neural health. Together, our findings suggest that low testosterone and obesity are interactive regulators of neuroinflammation that, in combination with adipose-derived inflammatory pathways and other factors, increase the risk of downstream disorders including type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
Acetorphan can prevent jejunal water and electrolyte secretion induced by cholera toxin. Enkephalins may thus protect the small intestine from enterotoxin-induced secretion.