Once Isolated, Always Isolated?
The second-generation cryoballoon ablation is associated with a high rate of persistent PVI. The posteroinferior segment of the right inferior PV showed the highest reconduction rate and seems to be a predilection site for PV reconduction.
Although transplantation tolerance is still on its way to be reliably accomplished in clinical settings, use of well specified and functionally characterized cellular therapeutics with regulatory properties is now entering the field of personalized medicine for transplanted patients to benefit from minimization protocols and less severe side affects related to conventional immunosuppressive drug treatment.