Early carcinoma of the gastric cardia in Japan: is it different from that in the West?
There were many significant differences in clinicopathologic characteristics between patients with carcinoma of the cardia and patients with carcinoma of the distal stomach in Japan. The incidence of early cardia carcinoma was very low in Japan, and obesity, smoking, drinking, Barrett esophagus, or GERD were not related to its occurrence, in contrast to reports in the West.
The results of the present study suggest the involvement of the multidrug resistance membrane transporter MDR1 and the NF-κB pathway in the cytotoxicity of benzene and its metabolites. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role of the pathways involved and the crosstalk between them in mediating the effects of HQ in bone marrow progenitor cells.