Is the Beijing genotype a major cause of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Kazakhstan?
Transmission of drug-resistant strains seems to contribute to the spread of resistant TB in this high incidence region. The Beijing genotype should be seen as a major cause of drug-resistant TB in Kazakhstan and was found to be associated with drug resistance.
We found a high prevalence of otherwise unexplained, mostly mild to moderate episodes of haemolytic anaemia after lung transplantation occurring predominantly during the first year after transplantation. The fact that this phenomenon was observed less often in patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil instead of azathioprine as well as in those receiving regular immune globulin prophylaxis with potentially immunomodulatory effects may indicate an immunemediated pathogenesis.