Is anisometropia independently associated with both spherical and cylindrical ametropia?
This is the first study to show an independent association between anisometropia and both spherical ametropia and astigmatism. The results also suggest that the previously noted increased prevalence of anisometropia with age occurs later in hyperopes than in myopes, once other covariates have been controlled for. However, it could not be ruled out that this latter effect was due to clinical selection bias in our sample. The findings suggest that research projects involving the recruitment of highly ametropic subjects, such as those investigating the genetics of refractive error, may benefit by avoiding the use of stringent inclusion criteria for anisometropia, because otherwise a large proportion of the relevant population will be excluded.
Temporary BVP during the short-term after cardiac surgery improved cardiac function and decreased mitral regurgitation in all 4 of our patients. Epicardial lead implantation may thus be a useful option during surgical treatment of patients with CHF and intraventricular conduction delay if long-term permanent BVP is indicated.