Focal pharmacological modulation of atrioventricular nodal conduction via implantable catheter: a novel therapy for atrial fibrillation?
Focal acetylcholine delivery into the AVN increased AVN refractoriness and significantly decreased ventricular rate response during induced AF in a dose-related, reversible manner without systemic side effects. This may represent a novel therapy for AF whereby ventricular rate is controlled with the use of an implantable drug delivery system.
These findings suggest that, for females, close and supportive relationships with parents and male friends in adolescence may reduce the risk of metabolic dysregulation in adulthood.