Is innate immunity conferred by Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 expression pivotal to monosodium urate monohydrate crystal-induced inflammation?
The murine host requires TLR-2, TLR-4, and MyD88 for macrophage activation and development of full-blown neutrophilic, air pouch inflammation in response to MSU crystals. Our findings implicate innate immune cellular recognition of naked MSU crystals by specific TLRs as a major factor in determining the inflammatory potential of MSU crystal deposits and the course of gouty arthritis.
We conclude that minor alleles of several TLR4 variants, although not directly associated with type 2 diabetes might increase the risk for type 2 diabetes in subjects with high TC/HDL-C. Additionally, our results confirm previous studies reporting sex-related dissimilarities in the development of type 2 diabetes.