Does dopamine receptor D4 internalization require a beta-arrestin and a visual arrestin?
The results have functional implications and we hypothesize that the desensitization and internalization of DRD4 in photoreceptors are synergistically mediated by both visual and beta-arrestins. These results are additionally unique because they demonstrate for the first time that at least one G-protein coupled receptor, DRD4, requires two arrestins for desensitization and internalization, and opens up the possibility that other G-protein coupled receptors may require more than one arrestin for desensitization and/or internalization.
We found that the high expression of APRIL in CCRCCs was correlated with high Fuhrman nuclear grade, high pathologic stage, and poor overall and cancer-specific survival of the patients. However, it did not correlate with disease-free survival and was not an independent prognostic factor.