Do children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus have a higher frequency of parietal cell antibodies than healthy controls?
Children and adolescents with T1DM have a lower frequency of PCA than is reported for adults. Compared to healthy controls, they seem to be at increased risk for developing PCA, in particular if positive for TPOAb, but overt clinical disease is rare in children with T1DM.
Regularly asking patients about alcohol use could substantially reduce the under-recognition of alcoholism. Since brief counseling is effective, negative consequences of excessive alcohol intake may be avoided.