Do n-bisphosphonates cause gastric epithelial injury independent of effects on the microcirculation?
These results suggest that these N-bis- phosphonates directly damage the gastric epithelium independent of actions on the microvasculature.
TPA stimulates JNK cascade, including up-regulation of JNK protein expression level and c-jun mRNA expression level, and activation of activator protein-1 transcriptional activity. Activation of JNK is mediated through PKC pathway, which has an association with induction of apoptosis by TPA. Thus, activation of JNK via PKC pathway may represent one of important mechanisms for TPA to induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.