Is catastrophizing associated with clinical examination findings , activity interference , and health care use among patients with temporomandibular disorders?
TMD patients who catastrophize have higher scores on clinical examination measures reflecting more widely dispersed and severe pain upon palpation of TMD-related facial muscle and joint sites, as well as greater TMD-related activity interference and health care use. Clinicians should consider screening patients with moderate or greater TMD pain and activity interference for catastrophizing. Cognitive-behavioral interventions may help reduce pain, disability, and health care use of patients who catastrophize.
We conclude that CEF without the addition of a foot ring may result in better functional outcomes in the treatment of extra-articular distal tibia fractures.