Does ischemic preconditioning prevent endothelial injury and systemic neutrophil activation during ischemia-reperfusion in humans in vivo?
A clinically relevant period of ischemia-reperfusion causes profound and sustained endothelial dysfunction and systemic neutrophil activation. IPC attenuates both of these effects in humans.
The CAT can reliably assess technical performance in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The use of CATs to judge specialist technical performance before embarking on independent practice of new procedures is achievable on a national scale and can be adapted by other specialties.