Is a type 1 diabetes subgroup with a female bias characterised by failure in tolerance to thyroid peroxidase at an early age and a strong association with the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 gene?
Our results identify a subgroup of type 1 diabetic patients that is sensitive to allelic variation of the negative regulatory molecule CTLA-4 and indicate that TPOAbs testing could be used to subclassify type 1 diabetes patients for inclusion in genetic, biological or clinical studies.
There is an inverse relationship between insulin and total body bone mineral content after adjustment for confounding factors in Korean and US subjects, especially in the insulin-resistant population. This strongly suggests that the adverse influence of insulin on bone mass likely reflects the effects of other factors associated with insulin resistance rather than being a direct action of insulin itself.