Relationship of soluble CD40 ligand to vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietins, and tissue factor in atrial fibrillation: a link among platelet activation, angiogenesis, and thrombosis?
Plasma levels of sCD40L are elevated in patients with AF, and are related to levels of VEGF, Ang-2, and TF. This interaction among platelets, angiogenic markers, and TF may play a role in the generation of the prothrombotic state associated with AF.
Use of ACE inhibitors but not ARB may marginally increase bone loss in older men.