Do local synteny and codon usage contribute to asymmetric sequence divergence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene duplicates?
Together, these results suggest that relaxation of selection for codon usage and gene expression contribute to rate asymmetry in the evolution of duplicated genes and that in SSD pairs, the relaxation of selection stems from the loss of ancestral regulatory information in the derived copy.
A 100% and 90.3% fusion rate was obtained for one-level nonplated and plated ACDF procedures with autograft, respectively. The effects of smoking or level of fusion could not be discerned from these one-level cases. Excellent and good clinical outcome results were obtained for 91.3%. Nonplating or rigid plate fixation for ACDF in properly selected patients to treat radiculopathy with or without myelopathy has a high fusion rate and yields a satisfactory clinical outcome. Although controversy exists as to the efficacy of rigid plate fixation in one-level ACDF, solid bone fusion can be adequately obtained without plate fixation and instrumentation-related complications can be avoided. In line with the literature, plate fixation should be reserved for patients unwilling or unable to wear a hard orthosis postoperatively for an extended period of time or for those patients who seek a quicker return to normal activities. Proper patient selection, meticulous operative technique and postoperative care is essential to promote optimal graft-host incorporation.