Is long-axis view superior to short-axis view in ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization?
The long-axis view for the internal jugular was more efficient than the short-axis view with fewer redirections. The long-axis view for subclavian central venous catheterization was also more efficient with decreased time to cannulation and fewer redirections. The long-axis approach to subclavian central venous catheterization is also associated with fewer posterior wall penetrations. Using the long-axis view for subclavian central venous catheterization and avoiding posterior wall penetrations may result in fewer central venous catheter-related complications.
These data indicate that GnRH agonist alters specific lymphocyte subpopulations and, therefore, have the potential for affecting immune system function in vivo.