Do bMP-2 and TGF-β1 mediate biglycan-induced pro-osteogenic reprogramming in aortic valve interstitial cells?
Biglycan upregulates BMP-2 and TGF-β1 in human aortic valve cells through TLRs. Both BMP-2 and TGF-β1 are required for aortic valve cell pro-osteogenic reprogramming. Smad signaling pathways are involved in mediating the pro-osteogenic effects of biglycan.
In older patients with type 2 diabetes affected by mild cognitive impairment, DPP-4I administration improves glucose control and protects against worsening in cognitive functioning.