Is midkine , a heparin-binding growth factor , fundamentally involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis?
MK participates in each of the two distinct phases of RA development, namely, migration of inflammatory leukocytes and osteoclast differentiation, and is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of RA.
While the maintenance of a high GC content is energetically costly, it is associated with a codon usage bias harboring a low risk of acquiring nonsense mutations. The reduced exposure to this risk may contribute to the fitness of vertebrates.