Does the extent of variant histology affect oncological outcomes in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy?
The presence of variant histology, particularly non-squamous cell differentiation, and its extent are associated with inferior survival. However, they are not independent predictors of outcomes. The association of variant histology with established predictors of aggressive tumor biology is likely impairing oncological outcomes and thus has to be considered in clinical decision making.
In children, the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram has low sensitivity and low NPV for detecting LVH. These findings are relevant for physiological LVH and should not be extrapolated to detection of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In clinical practice, ECHO alone should be used to exclude LVH.