Should the elderly receive chemotherapy for node-negative breast cancer?
There is a small survival benefit for adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients. The cost of this benefit is high, but within the range of commonly reimbursed procedures until a point between 75 and 80 years old. The use of active life expectancy as the primary outcome reduces the benefit and adds to the cost. If physicians and policymakers agree that active life expectancy is a relevant outcome, withholding chemotherapy for patients>or = 70 years old is a reasonable approach.
High LMA intracuff pressures produced by N2O do not increase pharyngeal mucosal injury in dogs.