Are orexin 1 receptors a novel target to modulate panic responses and the panic brain network?
Overall, the data here suggest that the ORX neurons in the DMH/PeF region are critical to eliciting coordinated panic responses and that ORX1 receptor antagonists constitute a potential novel treatment strategy for panic and related anxiety disorders. The neural pathways through which ORX1 receptor antagonists attenuate panic responses involve the extended amygdala, periaqueductal gray, and medullary autonomic centers.
The endometrium but not myometrium in nonhuman primates is capable of converting 5-aminolevulinic acid into protoporphyrin IX. At large doses, systemic 5-aminolevulinic acid causes a transient increase in the serum aspartate aminotransferase level. No other evidence of acute or delayed systemic toxicity was observed.