Do chronic preoperative pain and psychological robustness predict acute postoperative pain outcomes after surgery for breast cancer?
Chronic preoperative pain, axillary surgery and psychological robustness significantly predicted acute pain outcomes after surgery for breast cancer. Preoperative identification and targeted intervention of subgroups at risk could enhance the recovery trajectory in cancer survivors.
The results suggest that environmental factors associated with urbanization increase the risk for schizophrenia before rather than around the time of illness onset.