Is decay-accelerating factor expression in the rat kidney restricted to the apical surface of podocytes?
In cultured rat GEC, DAF is an effective complement regulator. In vivo, DAF is present on GEC apical surfaces. Yet, it appears that DAF is not essential to prevent complement activation from occurring under normal circumstances and in those cases in which complement-activating Abs are present on the basal surfaces of GEC in vivo. However, in proteinuric conditions, DAF appears to be protective to GEC.
Good results are possible in the laparoscopic management of GERD with a precise selection of patients and with a good open and laparoscopic surgical experience in the management of functional esophageal diseases.