Does monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells increase with hind-limb unloading in rats?
These data indicate that an increase in shear stress induced by HU stimulates ICAM-1 expression on arteries, which contributes to adhesion of monocytes on their endothelium. Reduced shear stress has no effects on monocyte adhesion.
Overall the results provide empirical evidence that consumers are willing to trade high quality for restrictions on provider access. This willingness to trade implies that relatively small plans that place restrictions on provider access can successfully compete against less restrictive plans when they can demonstrate high quality. However, the results of this study suggest that in many cases, the level of quality required for consumers to accept access restrictions may be so high as to be unattainable. The results provide empirical support for the current focus of decision support efforts on consumer assessed quality measures. At the same time, however, the results suggest that consumers would also value quality measures based on expert assessments. This finding is relevant given the lack of comparative quality information based on expert judgment and research suggesting that consumers have apprehensions about their ability to meaningfully interpret performance-based quality measures.