Does matrix metalloprotease 9 promote liver recovery from ischemia and reperfusion injury?
MMP-9 promoted liver recovery from IRI by activating TGF-β. Thus, MMP-9 plays dual roles (bad and good) in liver IRI, depending on the timing.
Orexin is produced exclusively in the lateral hypothalamus, where it is known to modulate the pain processing through PAG. The antinociceptive effect of orexin in PAG may provide a role for this neurotransmitter in the up-down modulating pain system and further support the development of orexin-1 agonists for pain treatment.