Does globular adiponectin protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells against apoptosis through adiponectin receptor 1/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway?
We found that adipoR1, not adipoR2, is involved in mediating intermittent high-concentration glucose-evoked apoptosis in endothelial cells. gAD activated AMPK through adipoR1, leads to the partial inhibition of HUVEC apoptosis. A fluctuating glucose medium is more harmful than a constant high-glucose medium to endothelial cells.
Hymenoptera stings can produce demyelinating neurological complications, presumably related to the autoimmune system, which could benefit from treatment with immunomodulators such as corticosteroids, immunoglobulins or plasmapheresis.