Do reactive oxygen species precede the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C in the anesthetic preconditioning signaling cascade?
APC is mediated by PKC-epsilon but not by PKC-delta. Furthermore, PKC activation probably occurs downstream of ROS generation in the APC signaling cascade.
This study provides the first evidence that endogenous release of octopamine is involved in state-dependent modulation of visual interneurons in flies.