Are non-VACTERL-type anomalies frequent in patients with esophageal atresia/tracheo-esophageal fistula and full or partial VACTERL association?
Many patients with EA/TEF and at least two other defects of the VACTERL spectrum also display non-VACTERL-type congenital anomalies.
Exercise appears to mobilize endothelial progenitor cells and augment their function by means of stromal cell-derived factor 1α-dependent signaling. The population of endothelial progenitor cells mobilized following exercise is primed for vasculogenesis with increased capacity for proliferation, differentiation, secretion of cytokines, and responsiveness to hypoxia. Given the evidence demonstrating positive regenerative effects of exercise, this may be one possible mechanism for its benefits.