Nephrotic syndrome in African children: lack of evidence for 'tropical nephrotic syndrome'?
There was no evidence for a dominating role of steroid-resistant 'tropical glomerulopathies' in children with a NS in Ghana. Similar to South Africa, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease were the most frequent findings on histology. Contrary to Nigeria, membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis was not found in these patients. We conclude from this data and from the literature that the histological pattern of NS may vary between different African countries. Concerning therapy of NS under tropical conditions, we emphasize that despite the limited therapeutic facilities half of these patients may benefit from corticosteroids; however, steroid resistance and FSGS resulted in a high mortality.
NavX technology allows accurate re-navigation of the lesion line to assess the presence of local potentials during an ablation procedure for typical AFL. Electroanatomic activation mapping can accurately identify gaps in the linear radiofrequency lesion with no AFL recurrence compared with 20% of recurrences after a standard procedure.