Do changes in adenosine triphosphate-stimulated ATP release suggest association between cytokine and purinergic signaling in bladder urothelial cells?
Genistein and suramin reversed the augmented ATP release in IC BUCs and APF-treated normal BUCs, respectively, suggesting the possibility of intravesical use of these agents in IC treatment. EGF and APF induced augmented purinergic signaling in normal BUCs, as determined by increased ATP release and increased P2X3 expression. These data suggest an association between cytokines and purinergic signaling in human BUCs that should be explored further.
This study documented conditions, including both general factors and epilepsy-related factors, common to epilepsy patients with psychosis, regardless of chronologic distinctions. Certain epileptic processes appear to have equal influence on postictal and interictal psychoses. However, some differences between postictal and interictal psychoses suggest that these chronologic descriptors are valid. Our findings confirmed that psychosis associated with epilepsy should not be defined as a single, simple condition but rather as a complex condition with several possible subcategories.