Does peripheral defocus necessarily affect central refractive development?
There is extensive local compensation of imposed refractive errors in chickens. For the tested hole sizes, peripherally imposed defocus did not influence central refractive development. To alter central refractive development, the unobstructed part in the central visual field may have to be quite small (hole sizes smaller than 4mm, with the lenses at a vertex distance of 2-3mm).
Our data suggest that variability in the methylation status of EMT-related genes is associated with more severe clinical phenotypes in UC.