Does calculation of the 95th percentile of microbiological results offer any advantage over percentage exceedence in determining compliance with bathing water quality standards?
It is concluded that a calculated 95th percentile for beach classification offers little advantage compared to percentage exceedence, other than offering a false sense of certainty. Furthermore, the additional calculation needed in determining 95th percentile values will demand electronic calculation, increase the chance of calculation errors and make the results less understandable to beach managers and the general public.
TNF stimulates arachidonic acid metabolism in vivo. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor attenuates eicosanoid synthesis and dramatically improves survival. TNF appears to have different effect on tissues that synthesize certain eicosanoids. Hypotension from TNF is not mediated via the eicosanoids. TNF-induced mortality, like endotoxemia/sepsis may be mediated, in part, via arachidonic acid metabolites. These new findings support the notion that cyclooxygenase inhibitors may be used as adjunctive therapy in clinical sepsis.