Is expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in synovial fibroblasts induced by hypoxia and interleukin 1beta?
Under hypoxia or IL-1 stimulation, conditions common to the inflamed synovium, type B synoviocytes secrete increased levels of VEGF, which is likely to act on nearby endothelia, promoting angiogenesis. The constitutive expression of VEGF in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts may reflect an altered phenotype involved in the pathology of RA.
These findings indicate that pharmacological modulation of macroautophagy in the liver can be an effective strategy for reducing fatty liver condition and liver injury.