Is the positive inotropic effect of relaxin-2 in human atrial myocardium preserved in end-stage heart failure : role of G ( i ) -phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling?
Relaxin is a positive inotrope in nonfailing and failing human atria, with critical involvement of protein kinase A and inhibition of the transient potassium outward current and an increasing role for G(i) protein-phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling in failing myocardium.
These data show that ischemic preconditioning may induce the activation of SOCS-1 to inhibit the TLR4-TRAF6 signaling pathway, thereby playing a protective role in ischemia-reperfusion injury.