Is previous hyperthyroidism still a risk factor for osteoporosis in post-menopausal women?
Post-menopausal women with previous hyperthyroidism treated with radioiodine have reduced BMD, whether or not receiving thyroxine. They should be targeted for densitometry and protective therapy with oestrogen should be considered. Those treated with surgery appear to be at less risk; this may be because most are diagnosed and treated whilst premenopausal. Thyroxine may have a deleterious effect in this group; longitudinal studies would provide further clarification.
The results document the UK's success in reducing smoking prevalence and prolonging lives, thereby providing an example for other European nations. When Framework Convention for Tobacco Control- (FCTC) consistent policies are also implemented, the model projects that smoking prevalence will fall by another 28% with an additional 168,000 deaths averted by 2040.