Is myocardial ischemia/reperfusion protection using monophosphoryl lipid A abrogated by the ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker , glibenclamide?
Single-dose pretreatment with MLA administered intravenously to rabbits substantially reduces infarct size when administered 24 h prior to ischemia. Pharmacologic preconditioning with MLA appears to be mediated through KATP channels as the channel blocker, glibenclamide, reversed the cardioprotective activity of MLA when administered 1 day following MLA pretreatment, yet 30 min prior to ischemia. In this model the cardioprotective does not appear to be associated with increases in serum tumor necrosis factor.
Factors such as acculturation, discrimination, and neighborhood safety, are robustly and largely universally related to AUDs/DUDs among first and later generation Latino and Asian immigrants. Further research is required to understand how and why these factors relate to risk of substance misuse, and to identify ways to apply these factors in prevention and intervention efforts.