Does sacral neuromodulation lead to relevant reduction in the need for intermittent catheterization?
SNM can be a successful and secure second-line therapy option for patients with chronic UR. Data suggest a more success-promising situation for idiopathic cause of disease, but the number of patients was too small to reach statistical significance. Further prospective, randomized multicenter data concerning indications and number of electrodes are necessary and highly appreciated.
Residents' learning about quality and patient safety is extensive, largely through a positive informal curriculum in the teaching hospital and, less frequently, via a formal curriculum. No relationship was found between the quality performance of the teaching hospital and the residents' curriculum or understanding of quality or safety. Residents seem to learn through an informal curriculum provided by hospital initiatives and resources, and thus these data suggest the importance of major teaching hospitals in quality education.