Is penetration of chemotherapy into vitreous increased by cryotherapy and cyclosporine in rabbits?
Cryotherapy administered 24 hours before chemotherapy significantly increased the intravitreal penetration of carboplatin, and this strategy may enhance the capacity of chemotherapy to cure intraocular retinoblastoma, particularly avascular tumors such as vitreous seeds.
These observations indicate that NS4A protein of different HCV genotypes originally evolved from NS4A protein of genotype 1 subtype 1b, which in turn indicate that HCV genotype 1 subtype 1b established itself earlier in human population and all other known genotypes evolved later as a result of mutations in HCV genotype 1b. These results were further confirmed through phylogenetic analysis by constructing phylogenetic tree using NS4A protein as a phylogenetic marker.