Do small molecule cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors protect against neuronal cell death in the ischemic-reperfused rat retina?
Upregulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins and activation of nonmitotic CDK5 are shown to be associated with neuronal cell death. Although the CDK4 inhibitor used in the present study is known to reduce the activity of mitotic CDK4, there is no information about its blocking effect on other CDKs, such as nonmitotic CDK5. The results in the present study suggest that abnormal progression of the cell cycle and/or activation of nonmitotic CDK are involved in the neuronal cell death induced by retinal ischemia-reperfusion. Furthermore, as shown with a CDK4 inhibitor, agents that alter the activity of CDK may be good candidates for inhibitors of neuronal cell death induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Troublesome gastrointestinal symptoms are linked to socioeconomic status with more symptoms reported by subjects in low socioeconomic classes. Low socioeconomic class should be considered a risk factor for both upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms.