Do preventive and therapeutic moderate aerobic exercise programs convert atherosclerotic plaques into a more stable phenotype?
Moderate aerobic exercise modified atherosclerotic plaque characteristics and converted the plaques into a more stable phenotype, increasing the collagen content in response to both exercise programs. Furthermore, moderate aerobic exercise reduced the animals' fat content and decreased the activity of the CD40-CD40L signaling pathway in the preventive group.
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in the field showing no placebo effect on newborns. Further discussions are opened concerning the age when placebo effect starts.