Probing for thoracic pedicle screw tract violation(s): is it valid?
An observer's ability to accurately detect the presence or absence of a pedicle tract violation and the breach location, if present, is dependent on the surgeon's level of training. Probing the pedicle tract prior to placement of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine is likely a learned skill that improves with repetition and experience.
Our experimental findings indicated that rhBNP can protect rats against trauma-induced ALI and that its underlying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling pathway activation.