Are small internal jugular veins with restricted outflow associated with severe multiple sclerosis : a sonographer-blinded , case-control ultrasound study?
Both, CCSVI and small IJVs seem to influence or follow MS severity, but only small IJVs turned out to be an independent factor in this study. Thus, small IJVs with restricted outflow, which might be aspects of CCSVI different from the criteria originally described by Zamboni, emerge as a cofactor in the multifactorial pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis.
This preliminary study suggests that the determination of sTREM-1 serum levels on admission may be more accurate than clinical variables for identifying bacteremic patients.