Is macular dysfunction common in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients without macular edema?
We demonstrated a significantly reduced sensitivity in both nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy groups without diabetic macular edema compared with healthy controls; this reduction was greater in Type 2 diabetic patients. Central foveal thickness was increased in all diabetic patients compared with healthy controls, despite the absence of diabetic macular edema.
The study suggests a gene-attachment interaction in adolescents where the adolescent's attachment status moderates a genetically based higher negative reactivity in response to threats to autonomy in social interactions.