Is the entire fundus of the internal auditory canal visible during the middle fossa approach for acoustic neuroma?
Complete resection of IAC tumors involving the fundus via the MFA requires some degree of blind dissection. Specialized tools and techniques are required to minimize the risk of neural injury during this indirect dissection. Inspection of the fundus with either mirror or endoscope is often necessary to exclude the possibility of retained tumor fragments.
Conventional AVR as a redo procedure after CABG with patent grafts can be performed with excellent results and lower mortality than estimated. Results of newer catheter-based AVR approaches should not to be compared with artificial scores to justify high morbidity rates.