Does n-acetylcysteine amide protect renal proximal tubular epithelial cells against iohexol-induced apoptosis by blocking p38 MAPK and iNOS signaling?
This study demonstrates that apoptosis occurs during CIN. Apoptosis is associated with activations of p38 MAPK and iNOS. Pretreatment with the antioxidant NACA could prevent IH-induced cell death by blocking the p38 MAPK/iNOS signaling pathway.
The points≤5 could be considered as a low risk for CLNM, and the points>5 could be identified as a high risk for CLNM. More advanced diagnostic approaches and prophylactic CLND are needed for patients with the points>5.