Does conversion of human M-CSF macrophages into foam cells reduce their proinflammatory responses to classical M1-polarizing activation?
Conversion of cultured human macrophages into foam cells suppresses their proinflammatory responses to M1-polarizing factors. Thus, in M1-polarizing microenvironments of atherosclerotic lesions, foam cell formation may locally weaken the macrophage-dependent inflammatory component of atherogenesis.
With disparities emerging as early as age 2 years, investigations into sources of the disparities should include the prenatal period and early life.