Cigarette smoke-induced emphysema: A role for the B cell?
B-cell follicles with an oligoclonal, antigen-specific reaction were found in men and mice with emphysema. In mice, the development was progressive with time and correlated with the increase in airspace enlargement. We hypothesize that these B cells contribute to the inflammatory process and/or the development and perpetuation of emphysema by producing antibodies against either tobacco smoke residues or extracellular matrix components.
High-frequency ultrasound scanning provides a non-invasive, convenient and rapid technique for the assessment of filler performance. This pilot study produced three valuable pieces of information: The ultrasound can image the filler material from which quantitative measurements can be made. The technique is rapid and cost effective ...This investigation helped to reinforce the volunteer's perception of the filler effect.