Is it safe and effective to treat complex renal cysts by the laparoscopic approach?
Laparoscopic surgery for complex cysts is safe, feasible, and effective. Nevertheless, regardless of surgical approach, patients with complex renal cysts have excellent overall survival with short-term follow-up.
Our data suggest that EGFR serves as a role in mitogenic signaling following stimulation with Ang I through a ligand-independent and Src-dependent transactivation of the EGFR. Furthermore, we demonstrate this transactivation as a pivotal step in Ang II-induced activation of MAP kinase and PI3 kinase, as well as growth of VSMCs.