Nerve injury by needle nerve perforation in regional anaesthesia: does size matter?
The severity of nerve injury after needle nerve perforation was related to the diameter of the applied cannula. However, no such difference exists for regional inflammation. Functional consequences of these findings need to be determined. Currently, small-diameter cannulae may be advisable for peripheral nerve blocks to minimize the risk of nerve injury in the case of nerve perforation.
Hypoxia can induce MT1-MMP expression in retinal glial cells, and the hypoxia-induced expression of MT1-MMP is mediated by VEGF in an autocrine fashion.