Ultrasound-Guided Placement of Central Venous Port Systems via the Right Internal Jugular Vein: Are Chest X-Ray and/or Fluoroscopy Needed to Confirm the Correct Placement of the Device?
Ultrasonography has resulted in improved safety and effectiveness of port system implantation. The routine use of CXR and IF should be considered unnecessary.
The data indicates that gastroschisis is caused by the combination of protein-zinc deficiencies and carbon monoxide exposure during gestation. The finding may be relevant to human populations that experience protein and zinc deficiencies during gestation, and are exposed to CO pollution, or cigarette, or marijuana smoke during pregnancy.