Does brain tumour necrosis factor-alpha modulate neurotransmitters in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in heart failure?
This study, for the first time, demonstrates that proinflammatory cytokines modulate neurotransmitters in the PVN and contribute to sympathoexcitation in HF.
Use of a 2 μm CW thulium laser is feasible and effective in treating primary NMIBC. With a cystoscopic biopsy of the bladder muscle, 2 μm CW thulium laser could retrieve sufficient diagnostic and prognostic specimens.