Does preoperative chemotherapy decrease the need for re-excision of breast cancers between 2 and 4 cm diameter?
We conclude that, for tumors between 2 and 4 cm, preoperative chemotherapy is associated with a significantly decreased rate of re-excision following lumpectomy. This not only results in fewer mastectomies, but also avoids the morbidity and inferior cosmetic results associated with a re-excision lumpectomy.
Excitotoxic retinal ganglion cell death after NMDA injection is mediated mainly through apoptosis, whereby extrinsic as well as intrinsic pathways of caspase activation play a role.