Do spinal cord glia and interleukin-1 appear to mediate persistent allodynia induced by intramuscular acidic saline in rats?
From converging lines of evidence, the current studies suggest that persistent bilateral allodynia induced by repeated intramuscular acidic saline is not mediated by spinal IL-1 and/or spinal glial activation. As such, this might represent the first evidence for pain facilitation occurring in the absence of glial involvement.
Classical approaches to recommended dietary allowances (RDA) are no longer satisfactory, because they do not take into account newly emerging science with regard to intakes beyond the RDA. There is an urgent need for global harmonisation of criteria used for assessing adequacy of intake and for harmonisation of terminology. For sound advice to consumers, the development of tolerable upper intake levels is necessary. The discussion of principal issues relating to criteria for nutrient adequacy should be pursued on an international level.