Is ureteroscopy first line treatment for pediatric stone disease?
Improved ureteroscopic access to stones throughout the pediatric urinary tract and stone-free rates that are comparable to the adult population have led to the adoption of ureteroscopy as first line therapy in children at our institution.
These results provide an average of the mandibular angular measurements for the Korean population, establishing a standard for determining surgical patient groups and outcome evaluations in the field of mandible contour surgery.