Bupivacaine instillation into gallbladder bed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: does it decrease shoulder pain?
The raw area of the removed organ is at least partially responsible for shoulder pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Local bupivacaine is effective in reducing such pain.
Examining the relation between sex hormones and the larynx could assist in understanding the mechanisms of voice production, and it could provide the clinician with supplemental diagnostic information on different medical conditions.