Are hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and carbonic anhydrase IX overexpression associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients?
HIF-1α and CA IX overexpressions are observed more often in ER and PR negative, Her-2/neu positive breast cancer and are associated with poor survival.
IL-1 beta, at the low concentrations detected in joints, can degrade cartilage from susceptible locations. Susceptibility of some cartilage biopsies to the effects of either IL-1 beta and TNFalpha, but not both, suggests the signalling receptors for the two major catabolic cytokines are not usually expressed concurrently. The fact that some biopsies respond to neither cytokine suggests that in some patients the local concentration of inhibitors may be high or that other catabolic stimuli predominate. These results could have important implications for pharmacological intervention strategies.