Does phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial protein coding genes confirm the reciprocal paraphyly of Hexapoda and Crustacea?
The finding of the reciprocal paraphyly of Hexapoda and Crustacea suggests an evolutionary scenario in which the acquisition of the hexapod condition may have occurred several times independently in lineages descending from different crustacean-like ancestors, possibly as a consequence of the process of terrestrialization. If this hypothesis was confirmed, we should therefore re-think our interpretation of the evolution of the Arthropoda, where terrestrialization may have led to the acquisition of similar anatomical features by convergence. At the same time, the disagreement between reconstructions based on morphological, nuclear and mitochondrial data sets seems to remain, despite the use of larger data sets and more powerful analytical methods.
LESP is changed synchronously in the presence of acute pressure changes in IAP. Gender or presence of cirrhosis does not affect the response of LES.