Is expression of transforming growth factor-beta ( TGF-beta ) isoforms in osteosarcomas : TGF-beta3 related to disease progression?
All osteosarcomas expressed TGF-beta in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells as well as in their extracellular stroma. The presence of TGF-beta in the endothelial and perivascular layers of small vessels in the tumor stroma suggests angiogenic activity of this growth factor. The expression of TGF-beta3 was correlated strongly with disease progression (P = 0.027). These data suggest that increased expression of TGF-beta isoforms, especially TGF-beta3, may play a role in osteosarcoma progression.
DATTS activates the ROS-eIF2α/Nrf2 HO-1 signaling cascades leading to the up-regulation of HO-1. However, this antioxidant defense is not sufficient to protect HCT116 cells from apoptosis.