Does toll-like receptor-4 signaling mediate hepatic injury and systemic inflammation in hemorrhagic shock?
These results suggest that TLR4, but not TLR2, signaling is required for initiation of the systemic inflammatory response and development of hepatocellular injury after HS/R. Lack of involvement of CD14 argues for a lipolysaccharide-independent role for TLR4 in this process.
Patients undergoing major open vascular surgery have high rates of postoperative malnutrition, with patients undergoing AAA repair having the highest rates of postoperative malnutrition and infection. Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing vascular surgery are associated with increased risk for postoperative malnutrition and may be a group to target for perioperative risk factor modification and nutritional supplementation.