Do neurotransmitters modulate cytokine-stimulated interleukin 6 secretion in rat intestinal smooth muscle cells?
This study shows neuropeptide and sympathetic modulation of IL-1beta-induced IL-6 production by intestinal smooth muscle. These interactions may contribute to altered muscle function during intestinal inflammation.
Early paternal effect can compromise ART outcomes in the absence of increased sperm DNA fragmentation. Evaluation of sperm DNA integrity is useful to detect late paternal effect, which is not associated with morphological abnormalities at the zygote and early cleavage stages.