Is baroreflex sensitivity impaired in bilateral carotid atherosclerosis?
Bilateral CA is associated with an impairment of BRS and a shift of the sympathovagal balance toward a relative decrease of the parasympathetic component of HR variability. These changes are already present in mild, bilateral CA.
Our study confirmed that osteoarthritic chondrocytes express low beta1 integrin and high TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels. Nonetheless, ESW treatment application down-regulate the intracellular levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 by chondrocytes, suggesting that ESW might restore TNF-alpha and IL-10 production by osteoarthritic chondrocytes at normal levels. However, further in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to establish if ESW can represent a viable option in the treatment of OA.