Does extracellular superoxide production by Enterococcus faecalis promote chromosomal instability in mammalian cells?
These findings indicate that macrophage COX-2 is induced by superoxide from E faecalis and promotes CIN in mammalian cells through diffusible factors. This mechanism links the oxidative physiology of E faecalis to propagation of genomic instability through a bystander effect, and offers a novel theory for the role of commensal bacteria in the etiology of sporadic colorectal cancer.
Testicular volume does not accurately predict the germ cell count in patients with undescended testes, cannot be used to select patients for post-orchiopexy hormonal therapy and cannot replace testicular biopsy in the modern management of cryptorchidism.