Horseshoe kidney: does it really have any negative impact on surgical outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy?
Despite the anatomic abnormalities, PCNL is a safe and effective treatment option for calculi both in the horseshoe kidney and the normal kidney with the similar success and complications rates.
Together our data suggest that, although at the immune cell level there is a difference in response towards the intestinal flora in dectin-1 deficient macrophages, during intestinal inflammation this response seems to be redundant since dectin-1 deficiency in mice does not affect intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis.