Does levodopa induce synthesis of nerve growth factor and growth hormone in patients with Parkinson disease?
Axonal degeneration may not be due to levodopa itself, as levodopa supports production of nerve growth factor and of growth hormone. Both may complement each other for neuronal survival.
In comparison with traditional approaches using PCNL and second-look nephroscopy, single-session combined URS and SWL with a second outpatient procedure may offer equivalent results with decreased morbidity in carefully selected patients.