Are not all electronic foramen locators accurate in teeth with enlarged apical foramina : an in vitro comparison of 5 brands?
Foramen diameter did not influence the accuracy of MiniApex, Root ZXII, and Elements Apex Locator EFLs. iPex and Propex II showed decreased accuracy as foramen size increased.
COL4A5 and MYO1E mutations may summate to perturb common signaling pathways, resulting in more severe disease than anticipated independently. We suggest screening for MYO1E and other non-COL4 'podocyte gene' mutations in XLAS when clinical nephropathy is more severe than expected for an individual's age and sex.