Narcolepsy with long sleep time: a specific entity?
The subgroup of narcoleptics with a long sleep time comprises 18% of narcoleptics. Their symptoms combine the disabilities of both narcolepsy (severe sleepiness) and idiopathic hypersomnia (long sleep time and unrefreshing naps). Thus, they may constitute a group with multiple arousal system dysfunctions.
BPA RF is a function of the relative PVR and the presence of BPA stenosis or size discrepancy. Contrary to prior reports, the LPA RF is only elevated in patients with relatively equal sized BPAs. In the setting of BPA stenosis or size discrepancy the larger BPA has a relatively increased RF and PVR. Therefore, the differential RF is an important tool for screening patients with unilateral stenosis for contralateral increases in PVR that cannot be identified with net flows alone. This can affect the indication and timing for BPA intervention.