Does osmolarity influence chondrocyte repair after injury in human articular cartilage?
The osmolarity of irrigation solutions plays an important role in the survival and metabolic state of chondrocytes following mechanical injury, and the chondrocyte death is not caused by apoptosis. Increasing osmolarity of irrigation solutions may be chondroprotective with decreasing the chondrocyte death, reducing inhibition of metabolism and proteoglycan elution, ultimately preventing cartilage degeneration and promoting integrative repair.
The effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine depended on the type of anaesthesia. In addition, regional effects (i.e. μHbO(2)) were not predictable from systemic effects (i.e. DO(2)).