Is in vivo bioactivity of interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis patients with neutralising antibodies titre-dependent?
There is a stepwise loss of IFNbeta bioactivity with increasing NAb titres and it is possible to identify functionally critical NAb titre levels that are useful to support treatment decisions at the individual patient level.
Heme-iron scavenging by LepHO in L. interrogans requires only LepFNR as redox partner. Thus, we report a new substrate of ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductases different to ferredoxin and flavodoxin, the only recognized protein substrates of this flavoenzyme to date. The results presented here uncover a fundamental step of heme degradation in L. interrogans.