Are postoperative drains necessary with the Karydakis flap for treatment of pilonidal sinus?
We recommend the use of fibrin sealant with Karydakis flap procedure, but further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
These results show that the hyperosmolarity stimulates expression and production of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and MMP-9 and activates JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways on the mouse ocular surface. These findings suggest that hyperosmolar stress, as it may occur in dry eye, promotes ocular surface inflammation.