Does lipoteichoic Acid of Enterococcus faecalis inhibit the Differentiation of Macrophages into Osteoclasts?
EfLTA inhibits the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts and thereby maintains the phagocytic and inflammatory capacities of macrophages, potentially contributing to refractory apical periodontitis.
These findings indicate that lidocaine can directly act on microglia. Lidocaine, by inhibiting the increase of intracellular calcium, also inhibited p38 MAPK activation and attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines (including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6), which were triggered by extracellular ATP in cultured rat microglia.