Does abnormal Olfaction in Parkinson 's Disease be Related to Faster Disease Progression?
Abnormal olfaction in PD is associated with increased severity and faster disease progression.
These findings suggest that physiological agonists of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may modulate VEGF-FKHR/FOXO1-dependent gene expression in endothelial cells. The data underscore the importance of the "set point" of the endothelial cell when considering mechanisms of signal transduction.