Do infants with mild prenatal hydronephrosis benefit from screening for vesicoureteral reflux?
Our data suggest that children with low grade hydronephrosis and otherwise normal kidneys and bladder do not benefit from voiding cystourethrographic screening. Interestingly high grade hydronephrosis appears to carry a threefold greater risk of urinary tract infection compared to low grade hydronephrosis.
Androgen receptor mutations may affect sperm production without resulting in genital malformations. Thus, in infertile men with a clinical presentation of poor androgen activity and an endocrine profile compatible with androgen resistance, mutations in the androgen receptor should be taken into consideration.