Do fetal Rat Gubernaculum Mesenchymal Cells Adopt Myogenic and Myofibroblast-Like Phenotypes?
Our data suggest that mesenchymal cells in the peripheral myogenic zone of the fetal gubernaculum-cremaster complex contribute to formation of a distinctively patterned cremaster muscle. Nonmyogenic, desmin and αSMA positive gubernaculum-cremaster complex mesenchymal cells proliferate and have a myofibroblast-like phenotype in culture. Intrinsic mechanical properties of these divergent cell types may facilitate perinatal inversion of the gubernaculum-cremaster complex.
The results show that, in general, when all types of exercise are analyzed, small but significant reductions in pain and disability are observed compared with minimal care or no treatment. Despite many possible sources of heterogeneity in exercise trials, only dosage was found to be significantly associated with effect sizes.