Is thrombin receptor expression increased by angiotensin II in cultured and native vascular smooth muscle cells?
These results demonstrate that AII enhances the expression of thrombin receptor in cultured and native VMSC. In cultured cells, this effect is mediated by the activation of the AT1 receptor subtype. This synergistic effect between AII and the thrombin receptor may promote the extensive proliferation of smooth muscle cells in response to vascular injury.
Based on current included studies, LLLT can reduce the pain caused by the placement of separators effectively. However, because of the high heterogeneity, well designed RCTs are required in the future.