Is aging associated with circulating cytokine dysregulation?
Aging has a significant impact on the production of circulating cytokines in healthy individuals. The circulating cytokine milieu may contribute to the development of age-restricted conditions.
Experimental pain from either masseter muscle or TMJ did not affect the MVBF, in accordance with the subject-based reports. Jaw muscle activity, except for EMG activity of the anterior temporalis and anterior digastric muscles during TMJ pain, also remained unaffected by pain. The findings suggest that it is not pain in itself but rather how pain is perceived that may lead to adaptation of motor function, supporting an integrated pain adaptation model.