Is increased minimum vein diameter on preoperative mapping with duplex ultrasound associated with arteriovenous fistula maturation and secondary patency?
Patients with a larger MVD on preoperative vein mapping are at lower risk for failure of fistula maturation and have increased long-term AVF patency. MVD is the only clinical or demographic factor associated with both AVF maturation and long-term patency. MVD is an important preoperative indicator of fistula success in assessment of potential AVF sites. Future predictive models of fistula maturation and patency should include MVD.
Compared with serum, CCL22 seemed to be increased in malignant pleural effusion, and could directly induce regulatory T cell infiltration into the pleural space in patients with malignant effusion.