Do transverse process hooks at upper instrumented vertebra provide more gradual motion transition than pedicle screws?
TPHs at the upper instrumented vertebra provided a more gradual transition to normal motion compared with pedicle screws in long posterior spinal fusion constructs. TPH at the upper instrumented vertebra may be postulated to decrease the incidence of postoperative proximal junctional kyphosis compared with APS.
Group A beta haemolytic streptococcal sore throats cannot be identified clinically, so that throat swabs for culture are necessary in children with sore throat. In the absence of this facility, it is reasonable to treat sore throats in children as for beta haemolytic streptococci.