Are the interferon signature and STAT1 expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid macrophages induced by tumor necrosis factor α and counter-regulated by the synovial fluid microenvironment?
Our findings identify a new function of TNFα in RA synovitis by implicating TNFα as a major inducer of the RA synovial IFN response. The results suggest that the expression of IFN response genes in RA synovium is regulated by interplay between TNFα and opposing homeostatic factors expressed in the synovial microenvironment.
The results of this study demonstrate that multimorbidity is strongly related to the occurrence of ADEs, insofar as it requires the intervention of multiple specialties and the prescription of  multiple medications. Further research should shed light on the causal pathway between multimorbidity and increased risk of adverse events.