Is immune function more compromised after closed bone fracture and hemorrhagic shock than hemorrhage alone?
Since bone injury coupled with hemorrhagic shock produces more severe depression of immune functions than hemorrhage alone, bone injury appears to play a contributory role in further depressing immune functions in trauma patients who experience major blood loss.
Stents Memokath(®) 051 are well tolered and seem to position themselves as an interesting alternative to JJ ureteral stent in some frails patients. The refinement of contraindication should help to improve the stent's efficacity and to reduce the risk of migration and expulsion.