Do bifocals reduce accommodative amplitude in convergence excess esotropia?
In several patients, excessive convergence is secondary to the extra accommodative effort required due to the presence of a primitive NPA deficit. In these subjects, the prognosis can be made on the basis of NPA measurement, and treatment with bifocal lenses will always be required to compensate. Furthermore, the parents of these small patients should be informed, even before the prescription of bifocals, that prospective surgery of medial rectus muscles will not eliminate the need for bifocals.
The neck size of elastase-induced aneurysm models in rabbits can be controlled by adjusting the position of the inflated balloon.