Does metallothionein-dependent up-regulation of TGF-β2 participate in the remodelling of the myxomatous mitral valve?
Our studies demonstrate for the first time that MMV are characterized by reduced levels of MT1/2 accompanied by an up-regulation of TGF-β2. In turn, increased TGF-β2 signalling induces down-regulation of aggrecanases and up-regulation of versican, two co-operating processes that potentially participate in the development of the pathology.
Smad4 is required for the development and maintenance of the lens in addition to the proper development of the cornea, eyelids, and retina.