Mastodynia refractory to medical therapy: is there a role for mastectomy and breast reconstruction?
This modality, which includes mastectomy with or without reconstruction, is a viable alternative after exhaustion of all other nonsurgical options and when quality of life is significantly affected. Although mastectomy for the treatment of mastodynia refractory to medical therapy does not guarantee alleviation of chronic breast pain, it should be considered in these often desperate patients.
We demonstrated that intracluster seizures are short relative to isolated seizures and terminal seizures. Frontal and temporal lobe seizures are more likely to cluster.