Antibiotic prophylaxis prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with obstructive jaundice: is it worth the cost?
Antibiotic prophylaxis prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography results in fewer cases of cholangitis and is cost saving when compared to a strategy of no prophylaxis in patients with obstructive jaundice.
PGE2 activates p38 and JNK signaling pathways, further stimulating c-Jun and activating transcription factor-2 binding to aromatase and ERB promoter regions with elevated estradiol production. Inhibition of JNK and P38 may be a potential method of treating human endometriosis.