Does the lower eyelid retractor consist of definite double layers?
The lower eyelid retractor consists of a definite double layer. The posterior dense layer containing smooth muscle is the main tractional component of the lower eyelid retractor.
These results suggest that vitamin A maintains iron homeostasis by the modulation of liver hepcidin expression. The increase of lipid peroxidation in vitamin A deficiency seems to be iron dependent, whereas protein oxidation is not.