Does pulsed electromagnetic field stimulate cellular proliferation in human intervertebral disc cells?
EMF stimulated DNA synthesis in human IVD cells while no significant effect on proteoglycan synthesis and chondrogenic phenotype expressions. DNA synthesis was partially mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. EMF can be utilized to stimulate proliferation of IVD cells, which may provide efficient cell amplification in cell therapy to degenerative disc disease.
Traditional cardiac risk factors are not helpful for the confirmation or exclusion of AMI within the ED. Future Emergency Medicine research should focus on those clinical and diagnostic features that are likely to alter during the acute phase of illness.