Does tobacco smoking increase the risk of high-grade dysplasia and cancer among patients with Barrett 's esophagus?
Smoking tobacco increases the risk of progression to cancer or high-grade dysplasia 2-fold among patients with BE, compared with patients with BE that have never smoked. Smoking cessation strategies should be considered for patients with BE.
In physiologically challenged patients at higher anatomic risk for endovascular aneurysm repair, initial mortality rate is similar to that in patients at lower risk. Short-term technical results are acceptable. Decreased long-term survival (largely unrelated to the procedure), slightly higher frequency of endoleak, and a lower rate of sac shrinkage may temper enthusiasm for endovascular repair in this subgroup. Risks of repairing aneurysms in this patient population must be viewed in the context of expected results of intervention or medical observation.