Do the advantages of a minimally invasive approach remain in complex colorectal procedures?
A laparoscopic approach for total abdominal and transverse colectomies has similar mortality rates and slightly higher complications than the more established laparoscopic colectomy procedures and improved perioperative outcomes when compared with an open technique (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/DCR/A178).
The expression of an ADE was observed only after repeated deprivation periods in the HAD lines. The duration of the ADE was prolonged in the HAD-2 line, but not in the HAD-1 line, with repeated deprivations, which suggests a dissociation between selection for alcohol preference and the effects of repeated deprivations on the duration of the ADE.