Is a learner-control instructional multimedia program as effective as a program-control version in undergraduate orthodontic teaching?
In this study, the learner-control instructional multimedia program was found to be as effective as the program-control version when teaching principles of the orthodontic appliances to undergraduate students. Future work should focus on how to improve the value of computer-assisted learning (CAL), and comparative evaluations are still needed of how different CAL approaches compare with or complement one another.
Our study provides evidence demonstrating that prolonged denervation below the lesion level following SCI results in a compensatory increased expression of α1-adrenergic receptors in the arterial smooth muscle layer, thereby enhancing the responsiveness to α1-adrenergic agonist and potentiating the development of AD.