Are growth differentiation factor-15 ( GDF-15 ) levels associated with cardiac and renal injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass?
During cardiac surgery associated with CPB, GDF-15 levels increased substantially and were associated with markers of cardiac injury and renal dysfunction.
Octogenarians had shorter ICU stays, had higher overall mortality, had a shift of dying at the ward rather than in the ICU, and received less and shorter mechanical ventilatory support.