Is monocyte derived interleukin ( IL ) -23 an important determinant of synovial IL-17A expression in rheumatoid arthritis?
IL-17A gene expression occurs in only a subset of rheumatoid synovial membranes. IL-23 gene expression is higher in IL-17A+ versus IL-17A- membranes. In keeping with this, IL-17A+ and IL-23+ cells colocalize in synovial membranes. IL-17 is not an absolute requirement in RA but may be important in amplifying the inflammatory response. Anti-IL23 therapies may have a role in those patients with IL-17A expression.
Retinal capillary blood flow is mild to moderately reduced in CADASIL but that does not appear to cause major ischemic injury. Such reduction is analogous to that in the cerebral cortex in CADASIL patients with which retina appears to share its relative sparing from severe arterial ischemic tissue damage.