Is elevated production of B cell chemokine CXCL13 correlated with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity?
Plasma CXCL13, BAFF, and IL-21 concentrations were significantly higher in SLE patients than NC group (all p < 0.0001). Increase in CXCL13 concentration correlated positively and significantly with SLEDAI score in SLE patients (r = 0.399, p = 0.032). Cell surface expression of CXCR5 on Th and B cells and IL-21R on B cells was however significantly lower in SLE patients than controls (both p < 0.01). It may indicate that most differentiated T(FH) cells migrate out from circulation into lymphoid organ upon activation during the disease development of SLE.
In this example, searching Medline and additional specialised databases along with checking reference lists and contacting experts was the most effective means of ensuring that all relevant papers were included in the review. Searching Medline alone for systematic reviews of exercise or other unconventional therapies is likely to be inadequate.