Catastrophic hemorrhage on sternal reentry: still a dreaded complication?
The risk of CH could be as high as 1%. The sagittal micro oscillating saw is the safest reported to date. Presence of a conduit increases the risk by 2.5 fold.
The plasma osteoprotegerin level and the osteoprotegerin expression in renal tubule cells of biopsy tissue were increased in nephropathy of type 2 diabetes. This finding supports the growing concept that osteoprotegerin may act as an important regulatory molecule in the angiopathy, and particularly, that it may be involved in the occurrence and development of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.