Are incompetent perforating veins associated with recurrent varicose veins?
patients with recurrent varicose veins have both a higher prevalence and a greater number of incompetent perforating veins than patients with primary varicose veins.
Carotid disease severity is associated with DIRlns accrual. Microembolism and impaired cerebral hemodynamics may act as physiopathological mechanisms underlying cortical ischemic damage. The role of other factors, such as small vessel disease and the possible interaction with carotid disease, remains to be further explored.