Are cytotoxic effects of exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein Tat in the hippocampus enhanced by prior ethanol treatment?
These results indicate that long-term ethanol exposure sensitizes the hippocampus to the cytotoxic effects of Tat in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner. This may suggest that HIV-1-positive individuals who are alcohol dependent possess a heightened risk for the development of HAD. Furthermore, the NMDA receptor, particularly allosteric modulatory sites such as polyamine-sensitive sites, may be a therapeutic target to be investigated in the treatment of HAD.
Wortmannin and U0126 can suppress the promoting effect of insulin on the differentiation of skeletal myoblasts into myocytes in rats and decrease the formation of myotubes and the expression of myogenin.