Does intrathecal etanercept partially restore morphine 's antinociception in morphine-tolerant rats via attenuation of the glutamatergic transmission?
These results demonstrate that etanercept partially restores the antinociceptive effect of morphine in morphine tolerance after a morphine challenge. Etanercept has potential for use in the clinical management of pain, particularly in patients who require long-term opioid treatment, and the effectiveness of which can be hampered by tolerance.
We propose that Crk adapter proteins may act downstream of ARF1 and ARF6 to promote cell spreading or rely on different pathways to enhance cell spreading.