Does arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure gradient increase with age in the steep Trendelenburg position with pneumoperitoneum?
The magnitude of P(a-ET)CO(2) during pneumoperitoneum in the steep Trendelenburg position increased with age, which could be attributed to age-related respiratory physiological changes.
The intraoperative cooling of central bile ducts prevents biliary stenosis efficiently when using RF to destroy tumors closer than 5 mm to the bile duct. This new technique decreases the contraindications for the use of RF and allows more patients to be treated with RF with curative intent.