Does replicative fitness of historical and recent HIV-1 isolates suggest HIV-1 attenuation over time?
These findings suggest that HIV-1 replicative fitness may have decreased in the human population since the start of the pandemic. This 'attenuation' could be the consequence of serial bottlenecks during transmission and result in adaptation of HIV-1 to the human host.
Estrogen given before delivery can be effective in stimulating uterine contraction for preventing postpartum hemorrhage and shortening the birth process in women undergoing induced abortion.