Can the extent of glaucoma damage be assessed by measuring the asymmetry of the peripapillary height profile between the upper and lower retinal half?
Peripapillary height should be examined using measurement circles near the disc margin. Because of its independence on the age and on different reference planes additional calculation of an up-down "retinal-asymmetry-difference" (RAD) seems to be useful. Using this up-down "retinal-asymmetry-difference" (RAD) a big up-down asymmetry of visual field loss, equivalent to an advanced glaucomatous disease, is quantified with high sensitivity.
Temporary multiple double-pigtail biliary stenting was a safe and feasible method of treating difficult and large CBD stones in elderly patients and contributed to a reduction in stone size and successful duct clearance. However, the addition of choleretic agents did not result in a statistical difference in stone size or rate of successful duct clearance.