Do phosphodiesterase inhibitors cause relaxation of the internal anal sphincter in vitro?
There are several functionally important phosphodiesterases in the internal anal sphincter and rectal circular muscle. Both adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate appear to be important in the myogenic tone of the internal anal sphincter, and this study provides further evidence of the sphincteric specialization of this tissue. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors might represent a new therapy for the treatment of anal fissure.
These results suggest that fermented milk supplementation improves glucose metabolism and alleviates the effects of muscle soreness after high-intensity exercise, possibly associated with the regulation of antioxidant capacity.