Does thoracic Spine Manipulation in Individuals With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Immediately Alter Thoracic Spine Kinematics , Thoracic Excursion , or Scapular Kinematics : A Randomized Controlled Trial?
Thoracic spine extension and excursion did not change significantly following thoracic SMT. There were small but likely not clinically meaningful changes in scapular internal rotation in both groups. Patient-reported pain and function improved in both groups; however, there were no significant differences in the changes between the SMT and the sham SMT groups. Overall, patient-reported outcomes improved in both groups without meaningful changes to thoracic or scapular motion.
The transient preischemic exposure to nanomolar concentrations of a beta1-AR agonist is protective against I/R. PI 3-kinase, PKC, and PKA are implicated in the trigger phase of PC. These observations were confirmed by Western blots.