Ciclesonide therapy in asthma: a potential effect on small airway inflammation?
Ciclesonide could have beneficial effects on small airways inflammation and some of the outcome measures used as efficacy endpoints could represent possible biomarkers of small airways involvement in obstructive chronic respiratory diseases.
The results of this study showed that fungi interacted with nasal epithelial cells and enhanced the production of cytokines and TLR mRNA expression. The cytokine production was related to the protease in fungi and TLR4.