Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of the Nigrostriatal System: Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease Stages?
Each pivotal stage in PD appears to be characterized by putative nigrostriatal MRI biomarkers: iron overload at the de novo stage, striatal shape changes at early-stage disease and generalized striatal atrophy at advanced disease.
Taking into account the undisputable advantages of minimally invasive surgery, improved teaching of methods to avoid malrotation as well as regular postoperative investigations to detect any malrotation should be advocated.