Is female sex an independent risk factor for reduced overall survival in bladder cancer patients treated by transurethral resection and radio- or radiochemotherapy?
Female sex is an independent prognostic factor for reduced OS and CSS in bladder cancer patients treated by TURBT and RT or RCT. These data are in agreement with those reported for OS after radical cystectomy in muscle-invasive bladder cancers. Therefore, further studies are strongly warranted to obtain more information about molecular differences regarding sex-specific carcinogenesis in bladder cancer and about possible therapeutic considerations.
The combined use of balanced ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration can effectively concentrate the blood, modify the increase of some harmful inflammatory mediators, attenuate the lung edema and inflammatory pulmonary injury, and mitigate the impairment of pulmonary function.