Is persisting hypoxaemia an insufficient measure of adverse lung function in very immature infants?
Infants with gestational age below 28 weeks at birth have remarkably impaired lung function at term, regardless of whether they carry the diagnosis BPD or not. All very immature infants may be at risk of future respiratory disease and should be monitored appropriately.
Illicit drug use is associated with incremental deficits in substance-free reinforcement above and beyond heavy drinking. In particular, students who use illicit drugs other than marijuana may be at high risk and require intervention approaches that explicitly increase engagement in developmentally important substance-free activities such as academics.