Does resveratrol reduce morphine tolerance by inhibiting microglial activation via AMPK signalling?
Resveratrol directly suppresses morphine-induced microglial activation through activating AMPK, resulting in significant attenuation of morphine antinociceptive tolerance.
Oxidative and inflammatory stress is the distinct signature that the polyol pathway leaves on retinal vessels. TGF-beta and apoptosis are, however, the ultimate targets to prevent the capillary demise in diabetic retinopathy.