Assessment of endothelial function in Alzheimer's disease: is Alzheimer's disease a vascular disease?
Endothelial function is impaired in patients with AD. Endothelial function was worse in patients with severe AD. These findings provide evidence that vascular factors have a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
Although the etiology of CIEs is multifactorial, the considerable overlap between the clinical presentation of MK, CLPU, CLARE, and IK is such that it is not possible to clinically differentiate between them with any degree of certainty. A preferred approach might be to consider CIEs as part of a disease continuum whereby these events can manifest in various degrees of severity, depending as well on the point at which the condition is observed in the course of the natural history of the disease.