Is there really a decrease in sperm parameters among healthy young men?
During the past 15 years, there has been an increase in total motile sperm count, secondary to an increase in semen volume, and a decline in normal morphology that are independent of the age and the duration of abstinence in fertile men.
OPN is upregulated in liver tissues and plasma of cirrhotic patients and promotes TGF-β1 mediated HSC activation.