Is classic ischemic but not pharmacologic preconditioning abrogated following genetic ablation of the TNFalpha gene?
We demonstrate that cardiac TNFalpha production is required for ischemic preconditioning-induced cardioprotection but not necessary in pharmacologic preconditioning with adenosine or diazoxide in TNFalpha-/- mice. Moreover, TNFalpha administration is sufficient to activate preconditioning in wild-type mice. Finally, as 5-hydroxydecanoate abrogates ischemic, adenosine and TNFalpha induced preconditioning, this suggests that diverse signaling pathways converge at the level of mitochondrial K(ATP) channel activation to mediate this cardioprotection.
The amounts of ALA and LA in the diet, but not their ratio, determine ALA conversion.