Does endothelin-1 suppress insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake via GPCR kinase 2 in skeletal muscle cells?
Activation of ETA receptors with ET-1 suppressed insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation at Thr(308) and Ser(473) and [(3) H]2-DG uptake in a GRK2-dependent manner in skeletal muscle cells. These findings suggest that ETA receptors and GRK2 are potential targets for overcoming insulin resistance.
BMP4 acts downstream of HIF-1 and mediates hypoxia-induced up-regulation of TRPC, leading to increased basal [Ca(2+)]i in PASMCs, promoting CHPH pathogenesis.