Do vertebral artery anatomical variations as they relate to cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections?
CTESI have become a mainstay in the treatment algorithm for painful cervical radiculopathy. Described techniques take extreme care to avoid cannulation of the vertebral artery during this procedure. Unexpected deviation of the artery, or an arterial segment, into the posterior neural foramen, the target zone for CTESI, increases the risk of intraarterial cannulation during injection. Accordingly, the practitioner must be aware of variant anatomy of the vertebral artery and take all precautions to avoid potential complications that may arise as a consequence.
Increased plasma homocysteine concentrations but not the T allele per se, enhance the risk of hypertension and of CHD in Danish Type I diabetic patients with normal renal function.