Chronotropic incompetence, beta-blockers, and functional capacity in advanced congestive heart failure: time to pace?
CI occurs in>70% of subjects with advanced systolic CHF irrespective of beta-blocker use and is associated with a trend toward impaired NE release, post-synaptic beta-receptor desensitization and reduced exercise capacity.
No significant difference was found in outcomes between younger versus older patients undergoing laparoscopic ventral hernia repair with mesh. Laparoscopic repair provides a durable and effective method of repairing a ventral hernia with low morbidity and mortality in the elderly population.