Electro-industrial
Electro-industrial is a music genre that emerged from industrial music in the early 1980s. While EBM (electronic body music) has a minimal structure and clean production, electro-industrial tends to have a grittier, complex and layered sound with a more experimental approach. The style was pioneered by Skinny Puppy, Front Line Assembly, Numb, and other groups, either from Canada or the Benelux. In the early 2000s style spawned the aggrotech offshoot. The fan base for the style is linked to the rivethead subculture.

Characteristics
After the EBM movement faded in the early 1990s, electro-industrial increasingly attained popularity in the international club scene. In contrast to the straight EBM style, electro-industrial groups use harsher beats and raspy, distorted, or digitized vocals. In contrast to industrial rock, electro-industrial groups mostly avoided guitars, other than Skinny Puppy, who used electric guitar elements since the mid-'80s in songs like "Testure" or "Dig It", and Numb on songs like "God Is Dead".Electro-industrial was anticipated by 1980s groups such as SPK, Die Form, Borghesia, Klinik, Skinny Puppy, Numb, and Front Line Assembly.Prominent electro-industrial groups of the 1990s include Mentallo and the Fixer, Yeht Mae, Velvet Acid Christ, and Pulse Legion (U.S.); Numb and Decoded Feedback (Canada); X Marks the Pedwalk, Plastic Noise Experience, Wumpscut, Haujobb, Forma Tadre, Putrefy Factor 7, and Abortive Gasp (Germany); Leæther Strip (Denmark); early Hocico and Cenobita.
Since the mid-1990s, some electro-industrial groups added guitars and became associated with industrial metal; other groups, e.g. Skinny Puppy, Download, Gridlock, and Haujobb, have incorporated elements of experimental electronic music styles like drum and bass, IDM, glitch, and other electronica genres.

Conceptual elements
Electro-industrial groups tend to feature themes of control, horror, dystopia, or science fiction. Also electro-industrial groups often use samples from various horror and thriller films. Some groups are characterized by using provocative images and elements in their music.

Derivatives
Dark electro
Dark electro is a synonym of electro-industrial and was first mentioned in the early 1990s. The term describes unusual sound of yelworC and Placebo Effect, in December 1992 with the album announcement of Brainstorming, yelworC's debut. In subsequent years, electro-industrial was displaced by techno-influenced styles such as aggrotech and futurepop.

Aggrotech
Aggrotech (also known as Terror EBM and hellektro) is a derivative form of electro-industrial with a strong influence from hardcore (straight techno bassdrum from Roland TR-909 and oscillator sounds, especially Supersaw leads from Roland JP-8000) that first surfaced in the early 2000s. 
Aggrotech typically employs aggressive beats, prominent lead synth lines, and lyrics of a dark nature.  Often, vocals are distorted and pitch-shifted to sound harsh and synthetic; static and glitching effects are also added. Aggrotech musicians include Agonoize, Alien Vampires, Amduscia, Device Noize, Bestias De Asalto, Die Sektor, Combichrist, Dawn of Ashes, Detroit Diesel, Dulce Liquido, DYM, Feindflug, God Module, Distoxia, Grendel, Hocico (later albums), iVardensphere, Nachtmahr, Machine Sonata, Panic Lift, Psyclon Nine, Reaper, Suicide Commando (later albums), Tactical Sekt, The Retrosic, Ritual Aesthetic, Unter Null, Virtual Embrace, Stuka 696 and X-Fusion, among many.

See also
List of industrial music festivals
List of electro-industrial bands


== References ==