Sham
Sham may refer to:

Arabic use
Al-Sham or Shām (شام), is the Arabic term for the Greater Syria region, that is called in English the Levant or the eastern Mediterranean, including the modern countries of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus and Turkey's Hatay Province.
Bilad al-Sham, the Caliphate province of the same region
Jund al-Sham, militant group based in Afghanistan, meaning "Army of Syria"
Sham el-Nessim, Egyptian holiday marking the beginning of spring
Sham, or Alsahm, the Arabic name for the star Alpha Sagittae

English use
Fraud
Sham drug as a quack remedy
Sham election, another name for a show election
Sham marriage, a marriage entered into with intent to deceive
Sham peer review, a fraudulent or malicious form of peer review
Hoax
Placebo, any drug, surgery, or other treatment with intentional (and usually blinded) lack of efficacy
Sham drug as a placebo used in a single- or double-blinded control group of experiments (see treatment and control groups)
Sham surgery, surgery omitting the therapeutic component, performed in the single-blinded control group of experiments
Name of a person or group of people:
Sam the Sham (born 1937), stage name of U.S. rock singer Domingo “Sam” Samudio
Sham, nickname of Art Shamsky (born 1941), American Major League Baseball outfielder and Israel Baseball League manager
Sham 69, English punk band
Title of a work of art
Sham (film), a lost 1921 silent film based on a Broadway play starring Ethel Clayton
Sham (play), a 1920 one-act stage play by Frank G. Tompkins
Other uses
Sham, a name for the cover of a pillow
SHAM, salicylhydroxamic acid, a drug that works against urinary tract infections

Chinese use
Kohn–Sham equations, named after Walter Kohn and Lu Jeu Sham
Sham Chun River, on the border of Hong Kong and mainland China
Sham Shui Po District, a district of Hong Kong
Sham Kwok Fai (born 1984), association football player from Hong Kong

Other uses
Sham (name), list of people with the name
Sham (horse), American Thoroughbred horse born in 1970 who won multiple graded stakes races
Sham Stakes, a race named for the horse
Sham, Iran
Sham, a character in the X-Men 2099 comic book series
Sham Pain, a single by American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch from And Justice For None
Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SHAM), a climate pattern

See also
Shaam (disambiguation)
Shama (disambiguation)
Shyama (disambiguation)
Shams (disambiguation)
Syria (disambiguation)
Shyam or Sham, an Indian male given name