Anahata
Anahata (Sanskrit: अनाहत, IAST: Anāhata, English: "unstruck") or heart chakra is the fourth primary chakra, according to Hindu Yogic, Shakta and Buddhist Tantric traditions. In Sanskrit, anahata means "unhurt, unstruck, and unbeaten". Anahata Nad refers to the Vedic concept of unstruck sound (the sound of the celestial realm). Anahata is associated with balance, calmness, and serenity.

Etymology
In Sanskrit Anahata means "sound produced without touching two parts" and at the same time it means "pure" or "clean, stainless". The name of this chakra signifies the state of freshness that appears when we are able to become detached and to look at the different and apparently contradictory experiences of life with a state of openness (expansion). Normally we are not used to the effect produced by the confrontation of the two opposite forces. At the level of Anahata chakra appears the possibility to integrate the two opposite forces and obtain the effect (sound, in this case), without the two forces being confronted (without touching of the two parts). This energy is specific to cooperation and integration, which brings peace and a new perspective in a world which, up to this level (considering only the energies specific to the first three centres of force: Muladhara, Swasdhistana and Manipura) was made only of a more or less conscious confrontation between opposite forces. The name Anahata suggests, in fact, the synergetic effect of the interaction of energies at this level.

Description
Location
The heart chakra is located in the central channel of the spine near the heart.

Appearance
Anahata is represented by a lotus flower with twelve petals. Inside there is a smoky region at the intersection of two triangles, creating a shatkona. The shatkona is a symbol used in Hindu Yantra, representing the union of male and female. Specifically, it is meant to represent Purusha (the Supreme Being) and Prakriti (Nature). The deity of this area is Vayu, who is smoke-like and four-armed, holding a kusha and riding an antelope (this chakra's animal).

Seed mantra
The seed syllable is the dark-grey mantra "yam". In the bindu (or dot) above the syllable is the deity Isha. Isha is bright white or blue in color. He has either one or five faces, with three eyes on each face. He may have two, four or ten arms. He is clad in a tiger skin, holds a trident and drum, grants blessings, and dispels fear. His shakti is Kakini, who is shining yellow or rose-coloured. She has a number of variations: one, three or six faces; two or four arms; and holds a variety of implements (occasionally a sword, shield, skull or trident). She is seated on a red lotus.

Petals
The twelve petals are inscribed with the following Sanskrit syllables. (Note: In some representations the syllables or else the petals themselves are colored vermillion.)  

kam
kham
gam
gham
ngam
cham
chham
jam
jham
nyam
tam
thamThe syllables may be thought as matching twelve vrittis or divine qualities of the heart as follows.
bliss
peace
harmony
love
understanding
empathy
clarity
purity
unity
compassion
kindness
forgivenessEven more commonly, systems of understanding identify these vrittis as corresponding with various reflexive modifications away from the indifferentiated divine mind, each one considered as arising from spiritual ignorance, as below.
asha: wish, desire, hope
cinta: thoughtfulness, anxiety
cesta: effort
mamta: possessiveness, fondness
dhamba: arrogance, vanity
viveka: discrimination
vikalata: languor
ahamkara: conceit, egoism, pride
lolata: covetousness, avarice
kapatata: duplicity, hypocrisy
vitarka: indecision, argumentativeness
anutapa: regret, burning miseryWilliam Enckhausen defines half of these vrittis as spiritual ignorances and half spiritual developments. "Half the 12 vrttis of the Anahata are 'positive', growth promoting vrttis and the other half are 'negative' or at most neutral, self-justifying defense tendencies that perpetuate the ego's limited boundaries instead of expanding and refining them. There is still a limited and bounded sense of self, but with the potential to discriminate between vice and virtue. There is also still the boundary of self and not self to be overcome, although not as marked as in the Manipura and Svadhistana. Harmony, balance, and proportion are key elements in this fulcrum that is the Anahata to help determine what is growth-promoting and virtuous (self, or good for the self) and what is vice, or inappropriate for spiritual self-growth (not self)." Enckhausen's translations follow.

hope
worry
endeavor
affection
vanity
discernment
depression
self-identity
selfishness
duplicity
contention
compunction

Function
Anahata is considered to be the seat of the Jivatman and Parashakti. In the Upanishads, this is described as a tiny flame inside the heart. Anahata is named as such because sages were believed to hear the sound (Anahata –  comes without the striking of two objects together). It is associated with air, touch and the actions of the hands.
Anahata is associated with the ability to make decisions outside the realm of karma. In Manipura and below, man is bound by the laws of karma and fate. In Anahata one makes decisions ("follows one's heart") based on one's higher self, not the unfulfilled emotions and desires of lower nature. As such, it is known as the heart chakra. It is also associated with love and compassion, charity to others and psychic healing. Meditation on this chakra is said to bring about the following siddhis (abilities): he becomes a lord of speech, he is dear to women, his presence controls the senses of others, and he can leave and enter the body at will.

Hrit (Hridaya, Surya) chakra
Immediately below Anahata (at the solar plexus or, sometimes, on the near left side of the body) is a minor chakra known as Hrit (or Hridaya, "heart"), with eight petals. It has three regions: a vermilion sun region, within which is a white moon region, within which is a deep-red fire region. Within this is the red wish-fulfilling tree, kalpavriksha, which symbolises the ability to manifest what one wishes to happen in the world.
Hrit chakra is sometimes known as the Surya (sun) chakra, which is located slightly to the left below the heart. Its role is to absorb energy from the sun and provide heat to the body and the other chakras (to Manipura in particular, to which it provides Agni' (fire).

Practices
In Yogic practices, anahata is awakened and balanced by asanas, pranayamas and the practice of ajapa japa (japa, without the mental effort normally needed to repeat the mantra) and purified by bhakti (devotion).
There are also concentration practices for awakening the Anāhata chakra.

Comparisons with other systems
Tibetan Buddhism
The heart wheel in Tibetan Buddhism is the location of the indestructible red-and-white drop. At death, the winds of the body dissolve and enter this drop, which then leads the body into Bardo (the intermediate stage) and rebirth. The heart wheel in this model is circular, white and has eight petals (or channels) reaching downwards. These channels divide into three wheels (mind, speech and body) and go to 24 places in the body. They again divide into three and then into 1,000, producing 72,000 channels (known as Nadi) throughout the body.The heart wheel is important in meditation; in the lower tantras, the mantra is recited from the heart. It is recited verbally and then mentally; then, in the heart, a tiny moon disc and flame are imagined from which the mantra rings. In the higher tantras (the Anuttarayoga Tantra of the Sarma schools) or the Inner Tantras of the Nyingma school, the practitioner attempts to dissolve the winds and drops into the central channel at the level of the heart to experience the Yoga of Clear Light; this is a practice of the Six Yogas of Naropa. In Tibetan Buddhism there is a chakra, the Fire Wheel, above the heart and below the throat.

Sufism
Sufis have a system of Lataif-e-sitta at a number of points on the body; at the heart, there are three positioned horizontally. On the left side of the chest is the Qalb (the heart); the Ruḥ is on the right side of the chest, and the Sirr (innermost heart) is between them.The Qalb is called the heart of the mystic; it is caught between the downward pull of the lower nafs, and the upward pull of the spirit of Allah and may be blackened by sin. It may be purified by reciting the names of God. The Ruḥ is the centre of the spirit, the breath of Allah; when awakened, it counteracts the negative pull of the nafs. The Sirr is the innermost heart, where Allah manifests his mystery to himself.

See also
Ahamkara – Sanskrit term in Saṃkhyā philosophy
Dhyana in Hinduism – Term for contemplation and meditation
Hexagram in Indian religions – Cosmological diagrams in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism
Maitrī – One of the ten pāramīs of the Theravāda school of Buddhism
Samādhāna – Hindu philosophical concept
Uparati – Hindu philosophical concept

References
Works cited
Maheśvarānanda, Swami (2004). The Hidden Powers in Humans: Chakras and Kundalinī. Austria: Ibera-Verlag - Europ. University Press. ISBN 978-3850521970. Retrieved 14 December 2022 – via Chakras.net.

Further reading
D'Angelo, James (2012). Seed Sounds for Tuning the Chakras: Vowels, Consonants, and Syllables for Spiritual Transformation. Inner Traditions/Bear. ISBN 978-1594774607.
Kaviraj, Gopinath (1923). System of Chakras according to Gorakshanatha. Princess of Wales Sarasvati Bhavan Series. Vol. II. Retrieved 14 December 2022 – via Shivashakti.com.
Goswami, Shyam Sundar (1999). Layayoga: The Definitive Guide to the Chakras and Kundalini. Inner Traditions/Bear. ISBN 978-0892817665.
Judith, Anodea (30 May 2002). "Anahata - The Heart Chakra". Llewellynencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
Varenne, Jean (1989). Yoga and the Hindu Tradition (1st Indian ed.). Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 8120805437.
Vishnudevananda, Swami (1988). The Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga. Harmony/Rodale. ISBN 978-0517884317.

External links
Description of Anahata Chakra from Kheper.net