"What title, meaning ""general"", was held by Japan's military commanders from 1192 to 1867?"
French military mission to Japan (1867–68) conflict, Jules Brunet and four of his non-commissioned officers (Fortant, Marlin, Cazeneuve, Bouffier), chose to remain in Japan and continue supporting the Bakufu side. They resigned from the French army, and left for the north of Japan with the remains of the Shogunate's armies in the hope of staging a counter-attack. The conflict continued until the rebels' defeat at the Battle of Hakodate in May 1869. French military mission to Japan (1867–68) The French Military Mission to Japan of 1867-68 was one of the first foreign military training missions to Japan. The mission was formed by Napoléon III, following a
French military mission to Japan (1884–89) French military mission to Japan (1884–89) The 1884 French Military Mission to Japan was the third French military mission to that country and consisted of five men. It followed two earlier missions, the first French Military Mission to Japan (1867-1868), and the second French Military Mission to Japan (1872-1880), which had a considerable role in shaping the new Imperial Japanese Army. From 1886 to 1889, Japan also invited two German officers (particularly Jakob Meckel) in parallel to the French Mission, who were influents in the Army General Staff reform. France would gain considerable influence with the Imperial Japanese Navy instead,