Which British scientist discovered and studied hydrogen, was the first to measure Newton's gravitational constant, and calculated the mass and mean density of the Earth?
Earth mass the Earth, Hutton was able to set some values to Jérôme Lalande's planetary tables, which had previously only been able to express the densities of the major solar system objects in relative terms. The Henry Cavendish (1798) was the first to attempt to measure the gravitational attraction between two bodies directly in the laboratory. Earth's mass could be then found by combining two equations; Newton's second law, and Newton's law of universal gravitation. In modern notation, the mass of the Earth is derived from the gravitational constant and the mean Earth radius by Where "little g": Cavendish found a mean
Gravitational constant constant of proportionality, , is the gravitational constant. Colloquially, the gravitational constant is also called "Big G", for disambiguation with "small g" (), which is the local gravitational field of Earth (equivalent to the free-fall acceleration). The two quantities are related by (where is the mass of the Earth and is the radius of the Earth). In the general theory of relativity, the Einstein field equations, Newton's constant appears in the proportionality between the spacetime curvature and the energy density component of the stress–energy tensor. The scaled gravitational constant (depending on the choice of definition of the stress–energy tensor it