Elizabeth Richardson (1921-27), Pauline Pfeiffer (1927-40), Martha Gellhorn (1940-45) and Mary Welsh (1946-61) were all wives of which American writer?
Ernest Hemingway the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s "Lost Generation" expatriate community. His debut novel, "The Sun Also Rises", was published in 1926. After his 1927 divorce from Richardson, Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer; they divorced after he returned from the Spanish Civil War, where he had been a journalist. He based "For Whom the Bell Tolls" (1940) on his experience there. Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940; they separated after he met Mary Welsh in London during World War II. He was present at the Normandy landings and the liberation of Paris. Shortly after the publication of "The
Pauline Pfeiffer Martha Gellhorn. Pfeiffer and he were divorced on November 4, 1940, and he married Gellhorn three weeks later. Pfeiffer spent the rest of her life in Key West, with frequent visits to California, until her death on October 1, 1951 at age 56. Her death was attributed to an acute state of shock related to her son Gregory's arrest and a subsequent phone call from Ernest. Gregory, who had experienced gender identity issues for most of his life, had been arrested as a male caught entering a woman's restroom in a movie theater. Years later, after he had become a