In which decade of the 19th century did the Houses of Parliament burn down?
19th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States congregants usually of the laboring classes. Over the course of the second half of the 19th century, nativism, anti-Catholicism, and anti-unionism coalesced in Republican politics, and Catholics gravitated toward unions and the Democratic Party. The Whitemarsh Constitutions in 1784 called for congregational election of pastors and lay control of parochial finances. Bishop John England in Charleston set up a Diocesan Constitution calling for popularly elected delegates in the dioceses. By the 1830s, however, the bishops had regained full control and ended advisory councils of laymen. Progressive Catholics in America advocated greater Catholic involvement in American culture, which some understood to
19th-century London sight of the world's first traffic light, installed at the crossroads of Bridge, Great George, and Parliament Streets outside the Houses of Parliament. The gas-lit, 20 ft. high column, opened in December 1868 and was designed by the railway engineer J.P. Knight after a railroad semaphore signal, whereby multi-colored arms come down to regulate traffic. 19th century London was transformed by the coming of the railways. A new network of metropolitan railways allowed for the development of suburbs in neighboring counties from which middle-class and wealthy people could commute to the centre. While this spurred the massive outward growth of