Murray Gell-Mann developed a theory in 1964 that the smallest particle in the universe was called what?
Gell-Mann matrices Gell-Mann matrices The Gell-Mann matrices, developed by Murray Gell-Mann, are a set of eight linearly independent 3×3 traceless Hermitian matrices used in the study of the strong interaction in particle physics. They span the Lie algebra of the SU(3) group in the defining representation. and formula_1. These matrices are traceless, Hermitian (so they can generate unitary matrix group elements through exponentiation), and obey the extra trace orthonormality relation. These properties were chosen by Gell-Mann because they then naturally generalize the Pauli matrices for SU(2) to SU(3), which formed the basis for Gell-Mann's quark model. Gell-Mann's generalization further extends to general
Murray Gell-Mann effect. Gell-Mann has won numerous awards and honours including Murray Gell-Mann Murray Gell-Mann (; born September 15, 1929) is an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. He is the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, a distinguished fellow and co-founder of the Santa Fe Institute, a professor of physics at the University of New Mexico, and the Presidential Professor of Physics and Medicine at the University of Southern California. Gell-Mann has spent several periods at CERN, among others as