What instrument was designed to measure variations in temperature by the expansion or contraction of a liquid or gas?
Temperature calibrated. As a practical matter it is not possible to use a gas thermometer to measure absolute zero temperature since the gases tend to condense into a liquid long before the temperature reaches zero. It is possible, however, to extrapolate to absolute zero by using the ideal gas law, as shown in the figure. The kinetic theory assumes that pressure is caused by the force associated with individual atoms striking the walls, and that all energy is translational kinetic energy. Using a sophisticated symmetry argument, Boltzmann deduced what is now called the Maxwell–Boltzmann probability distribution function for the velocity of
Temperature dependence of liquid viscosity and applies over a large temperature and viscosity range: where "T" is absolute temperature in kelvins, formula_26 is the kinematic viscosity in centistokes, formula_27 is the zero order modified Bessel function of the second kind, and "A" and "B" are liquid specific values. This form should not be applied to ammonia or water viscosity over a large temperature range. For liquid metal viscosity as a function of temperature, Seeton proposed: Temperature dependence of liquid viscosity The temperature dependence of liquid viscosity is the phenomenon by which liquid viscosity tends to decrease (or, alternatively, its "fluidity" tends to increase) as its