Which title is held by the autocratic nominal ruler of Luxembourg?
By the Grace of God expression, sometimes even in abandoning "By the Grace of God", or rather, especially earlier, in the intercalation of compensatory phrases, such as "and the will of the people", or replacing the genitive "sovereign of X-place" by "sovereign of the X-inhabitants", quite meaningful where linked to the Enlightenment-notion of the "social contract", which means the nominal 'sovereign' is in fact potentially subject to national approval, without which a revolution against him can be legitimate. The phrase was used in Luxembourg until 2000, when Henri, the current Grand Duke, decided to drop it. Like the use of the term "subject" for the
Oba (ruler) Oba (ruler) Oba means ruler in the Yoruba and Bini languages of contemporary West Africa. Kings in Yorubaland, a region which is in the modern republics of Benin, Nigeria and Togo, make use of it as a pre-nominal honorific. Post-colonial examples of Yoruba bearers include Oba Ogunwusi of Ile Ife, Oba Aromolaran of Ilesha and Oba Adeyemi of Oyo. An example of a Bini bearer is Oba Ewuare II of Benin. The title is distinct from that of Oloye, which is used in like fashion by subordinate titleholders in the Yoruba chieftaincy system. The Yoruba chieftaincy system can be divided