Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?
The Foundations of Psychoanalysis psychoanalytic theory and therapy" and with exposing some of the weaknesses of Habermas's and Ricœur's interpretations of psychoanalysis. He argued that Grünbaum's rejection of the hermeneutic interpretation of psychoanalysis left it unclear whether psychoanalysis would be considered pseudoscientific or an empirical science. Richmond identified the book as an "influential work among those who argue that psychoanalysis should be considered generally invalid because it fails as science", and credited Grünbaum with providing a "careful critique of Freud as a scientist" and a painstaking argument against the hermeneutic interpretation of psychoanalysis. He considered Grünbaum correct to stress that "a valid science cannot
Intersubjective psychoanalysis Intersubjective psychoanalysis The term "intersubjectivity" was introduced to psychoanalysis by George Atwood and Robert Stolorow (1984), who consider it a "meta-theory" of psychoanalysis. Intersubjective psychoanalysis suggests that all interactions must be considered contextually; interactions between the patient/analyst or child/parent cannot be seen as separate from each other, but rather must be considered always as mutually influencing each other. This philosophical concept dates back to "German Idealism" and phenomenology. Trends in intersubjective psychoanalysis have accused traditional or classical psychoanalysis of having described psychic phenomena as "the myth of isolated mind" (i.e. coming from within the patient). Psychoanalyst and philosopher Jon Mills,