What nation ended conscription to its Bundeswehr in 2011?
Bundeswehr material, predominantly of American origin. In 1956, conscription for all men between the ages of 18 and 45 was reintroduced, later augmented by a civil alternative with longer duration (see Conscription in Germany). In response, East Germany formed its own military force, the "Nationale Volksarmee" (NVA), in 1956, with conscription being established only in 1962. The "Nationale Volksarmee" was eventually dissolved with the reunification of Germany in 1990. Compulsory conscription was suspended – but not completely abolished as an alternative – in January 2011. During the Cold War the "Bundeswehr" was the backbone of NATO's conventional defence in Central Europe.
Bundeswehr two kinds of oath: for conscripts/recruits it is a pledge but it's a solemn vow for full-time personnel. The pledge is made annually on 20 July, the date on which a group of "Wehrmacht" officers attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler in 1944. Recruits from the "Bundeswehr"'s "Wachbataillon" make their vow ("Gelöbnis") at the Bendlerblock in Berlin. This was the headquarters of the resistance but also where the officers were summarily executed following its failure. National commemorations are held nearby within the grounds of the Reichstag. Similar events also take place across the German Republic. Since 2011 (when conscription was placed