What preparation, consisting mainly of citron, orange, bergamot, neroli and rosemary, was first prepared by Johann Maria Farina soon after 1700?
Bergamot essential oil from the water. The rinds of 100 bergamot oranges yield about of bergamot oil. Bergamot essential oil has been used in cosmetics, aromatherapy, and as a flavoring in food and beverages. Historically, bergamot essential oil was an important ingredient in Eau de Cologne, a perfume originally concocted by Johann Maria Farina at the beginning of the 18th century. The first record of bergamot oil used as a fragrance in perfume is from 1714, found in the Farina Archive in Cologne. The volatile oils of the bergamot orange are described as flavoring agents in the USP Food Chemicals Codex and are
Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz & Comp. experienced a number of financial difficulties which led to Franz Balthasar Borgnis’ and Carl Hieronymus Farina’s departures. This left Johann Baptist Farina (II) and Johann Maria Farina (I) at the head of the company, which was subsequently named 'Fratelli Farina' ("English: Farina Brothers"). In the years that followed, the two brothers concentrated on transporting goods, an enterprise, which, however, did not prove to be successful. Johann Baptist Farina (II) died on 24 April 1732. In the subsequent months, Johann Maria (I) carried out an inventory before renaming the business 'Johann Maria Farina', a name which has remained unchanged