Sea can cause individual (unexpected) rogue waves much higher than normal. Most waves are less than high and it is not unusual for strong storms to double or triple that height; offshore construction such as wind farms and oil platforms use metocean statistics from measurements in computing the wave forces (due to for instance the hundred-year wave) they are designed against. Rogue waves, however, have been documented at heights above . The top of a wave is known as the crest, the lowest point between waves is the trough and the distance between the crests is the wavelength. The wave is
Propagation constant of transmission lines, the term transmission coefficient has a different meaning despite the similarity of name: it is the companion of the reflection coefficient. The propagation constant, symbol formula_1, for a given system is defined by the ratio of the complex amplitude at the source of the wave to the complex amplitude at some distance "x", such that, Since the propagation constant is a complex quantity we can write: where That "β" does indeed represent phase can be seen from Euler's formula: which is a sinusoid which varies in phase as "θ" varies but does not vary in amplitude because