Honeycomb honeycomb conjecture, this was given by Jan Brożek and proved much later by Thomas Hales. Thus, a hexagonal structure uses the least material to create a lattice of cells within a given volume. A second reason, given by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson, is that the shape simply results from the process of individual bees putting cells together: somewhat analogous to the boundary shapes created in a field of soap bubbles. In support of this, he notes that queen cells, which are constructed singly, are irregular and lumpy with no apparent attempt at efficiency. The closed ends of the honeycomb cells are
Cubic honeycomb and its dual triangular pyramidille. Four cells exist around each vertex: The "cantitruncated cubic honeycomb" can be orthogonally projected into the euclidean plane with various symmetry arrangements. Cells can be shown in two different symmetries. The linear Coxeter diagram form can be drawn with one color for each cell type. The bifurcating diagram form can be drawn with two types (colors) of truncated cuboctahedron cells alternating. The dual of the "cantitruncated cubic honeycomb" is called a triangular pyramidille, with Coxeter diagram, . This honeycomb cells represents the fundamental domains of formula_2 symmetry. A cell can be as 1/24 of a