Propagation constant a conductor. The skin effect causes R along the conductor to be approximately dependent on frequency according to Losses in the dielectric depend on the loss tangent (tan "δ") of the material divided by the wavelength of the signal. Thus they are directly proportional to the frequency. The attenuation constant for a particular propagation mode in an optical fiber is the real part of the axial propagation constant. In electromagnetic theory, the phase constant, also called phase change constant, parameter or coefficient is the imaginary component of the propagation constant for a plane wave. It represents the change in phase
Gravitational constant Gravitational constant The gravitational constant (also known as the "universal gravitational constant", the "Newtonian constant of gravitation", or the "Cavendish gravitational constant"), denoted by the letter , is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. In Newton's law, it is the proportionality constant connecting the gravitational force between two bodies with the product of their masses and the inverse square of their distance. In the Einstein field equations, it quantifies the relation between the geometry of spacetime and the energy–momentum