Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo of José Antonio Primo de Rivera, the founder and leader of Falange Española. He attended school with future King Juan Carlos I of Spain. It was in their school years that they became life-long friends. Because of his friendship with then Prince Juan Carlos and his commitment to the restoration of the monarchy after General Franco's death, he lobbyied inside the Francoist institutions, as instructed by the newly proclaimed King, to produce a candidate for Prime Minister, namely Adolfo Suárez, who was prepared to implement democratic reform. He was then tasked with presenting the Political Reform Bill to the Francoist
Spanish protectorate in Morocco the Republic of the Rif, led by the guerrilla leader Abd el-Krim, was a breakaway state that existed from 1921 to 1926 in the Rif region, when it was subdued and dissolved by joint expedition of the Spanish Army of Africa and French forces during the Rif War. The Spanish lost more than 13,000 soldiers at Annual in July–August 1921. Controversy in Spain over the early conduct in the war was a driving factor behind the military coup by General Miguel Primo de Rivera in 1923 which foreshadowed the Spanish Civil War of 1936–39. After the successful 1925 Alhucemas landing,