Siemens (unit) plural. For a conducting element, electrical resistance "R" and electrical conductance "G" are defined as where "I" is the electric current through the object and "V" is the voltage (electrical potential difference) across the object. The unit siemens for the conductance "G" is defined by where Ω is the ohm, A is the ampere, and V is the volt. For a device with a conductance of one siemens, the electric current through the device will increase by one ampere for every increase of one volt of electric potential difference across the device. The conductance of a resistor with a resistance
Spreading resistance profiling least formula_6 thick. With the aid of calibration resistivity standards, formula_3 can be determined at each probing by the probe pair. A bias of 5mV is applied across the probe tips. The measured resistance can range from 1-ohm to one billion ohms. A "log R" amplifier or electrometer is used to measure the resistance. The modern SRP has two tungsten carbide probe tips placed about 20 um apart. Each tip is mounted on a kinematic bearing to minimize "scrubbing". The probes are lowered very gently onto a beveled piece of silicon or germanium. Although the loading of the probe tips