Properties of water equal to that of the hydrogen ion (), which gives a pH of 7 at 25 °C. Action of water on rock over long periods of time typically leads to weathering and water erosion, physical processes that convert solid rocks and minerals into soil and sediment, but under some conditions chemical reactions with water occur as well, resulting in metasomatism or mineral hydration, a type of chemical alteration of a rock which produces clay minerals. It also occurs when Portland cement hardens. Water ice can form clathrate compounds, known as clathrate hydrates, with a variety of small molecules that can
Properties of water by the IUPAC as being unsuitable for this purpose, since it is already the name of a cyclic ether also known as tetrahydropyran. The simplest systematic name of water is "hydrogen oxide". This is analogous to related compounds such as hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, and deuterium oxide (heavy water). Using chemical nomenclature for type I ionic binary compounds, water would take the name "hydrogen monoxide" , but this is not among the names published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Another name is "dihydrogen monoxide", which is a rarely used name of water, and mostly used