French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon Army of the Levant and had helped it against the Arab nationalist uprisings. As in Al-Jazira Province, the French authorities refused to grant any autonomy status to the Golan Circassians. French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (; "") (1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded after the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire concerning Syria and Lebanon. The mandate system was supposed to differ from colonialism, with the governing country acting as a trustee until the inhabitants would be able to stand on their own. At that
Lebanon viper Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria. The original syntypes of "M. bornmuelleri" were collected in Lebanon at 1800 m (5,900 ft) and in the Bolkar mountains of western Turkey at 2200 m (7,200 ft) as described by Franz Werner in 1898. In 1922, Werner restricted the type locality to Lebanon in his designation of his specimen as a lectotype, and in 1938 separated out the southern varieties as a separate species ("Daboia palaestinae"). In 1967 Mertens raised the name "bornmuelleri" to valid species rank for the Lebanese populations, thus leaving the name "xanthina" for all Turkish populations, which arrangement was accepted