2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline oxazolines towards ring-opening by chloride ions during protonation of the imine nitrogen. The direct reaction of propanoyl chloride with 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride in the presence of triethylamine avoids the formation of water. Propanal reacts with 2-aminoethanol in "t"-butanol to 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline in the presence of the iodinating reagent 1,3-diiodo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DIH) and potassium carbonate. 2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline is a readily water-soluble, colorless liquid which is also soluble in a variety of organic solvents and possesses an amine-like smell. Aqueous solutions react alkaline. The compound is stable in alkaline but hydrolyses under acid action. In anhydrous form, 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline is mostly used as a monomer. The cationic
Ethyl methanesulfonate (a transition mutation). This changes the genetic information, is often harmful to cells, and can result in disease. EMS is often used in genetics as a mutagen. Mutations induced by EMS can then be studied in genetic screens or other assays. Ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a mutagenic, teratogenic, and possibly carcinogenic organic compound with formula CHSO. It produces random mutations in genetic material by nucleotide substitution; particularly by guanine alkylation. This typically produces only point mutations. It can induce mutations at a rate of 5x10 to 5x10 per gene without substantial killing. The ethyl group of EMS reacts