Properties of water equal to that of the hydrogen ion (), which gives a pH of 7 at 25 °C. Action of water on rock over long periods of time typically leads to weathering and water erosion, physical processes that convert solid rocks and minerals into soil and sediment, but under some conditions chemical reactions with water occur as well, resulting in metasomatism or mineral hydration, a type of chemical alteration of a rock which produces clay minerals. It also occurs when Portland cement hardens. Water ice can form clathrate compounds, known as clathrate hydrates, with a variety of small molecules that can
Water crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo key aspect of the water reform. It includes the replacement of the CNAEA by a National Water Council, which will have the mandate to lead the whole water sector based on an IWRM approach, the establishment of Provincial Water Councils, Local Water Committees and Water User Associations as part of the decentralization approach, and the creation of agencies which are responsible for management of water resources at drainage basin and sub-basin levels. Furthermore, REGIDESO is subject to transformation to a commercial public enterprise. Only 46 percent of the DRC's population had access to an improved drinking water source in 2012,