Costermonger a secret language, a code which only other costermongers understood. In her book, "Shadows of the Workhouse", Jennifer Worth observed that "Costers... spoke to each other almost entirely in back slang; incomprensible to an outsider." Many costermongers also used "rhyming slang"; where any word can be substituted with another word that rhymes with it. Examples of rhyming slang include: "tin lids" or "dustpan lids" for "kids"; "jimmy grant" for "emigrant"; "apple and pears" for "stairs"; "rubbidy dub" for "pub" and "trouble and strife" for "wife". The selection of rhyming words often suggested a symbolic association. For example, a "sorrowful tale"
Caló (Chicano) eclectic and multilingual vocabulary. Caló, like Spanglish, makes heavy use of code-switching. Unlike Spanglish, Caló uses rhyming and, in some cases, a type of rhyming slang similar in Spanish to Cockney rhyming slang or African American Vernacular English jive. Since Caló is primarily spoken by individuals with varying formal knowledge of Spanish or English, variations occur in words, especially of phonemes pronounced similarly in Spanish: "c"/"s", "w"/"hu"/"gu", ’'r"/"d", and "b"/"v". It is common to see the word "barrio" (neighborhood) spelled as "varrio", "vato" (dude) spelled as "bato" or "güero" (blond/white man) spelled as "huero" or even "weddo". The translations should