Hydrogen production A distinction is made between "thermal partial oxidation" (TPOX) and "catalytic partial oxidation" (CPOX). The chemical reaction takes the general form: Idealized examples for heating oil and coal, assuming compositions CH and CH respectively, are as follows: The Kværner-process or Kvaerner carbon black & hydrogen process (CB&H) is a plasma reforming method, developed in the 1980s by a Norwegian company of the same name, for the production of hydrogen and carbon black from liquid hydrocarbons (CH). Of the available energy of the feed, approximately 48% is contained in the hydrogen, 40% is contained in activated carbon and 10% in superheated
Hydrogen darkening loss budget being exceeded. To prevent this, coatings such as carbon are applied to the fiber, and hydrogen capturing gels are used to buffer the fiber, and other proprietary techniques may be used to prevent hydrogen atoms from reaching the glass fiber via the cable sheath. Hydrogen darkening Hydrogen darkening is a physical degradation of the optical properties of glass. Free hydrogen atoms are able to bind to the SiO silica glass compound forming hydroxyl (OH)—a chemical compound that interferes with the passage of light through the glass. The problem is particularly relevant to fiber optic cables—particularly in oil and