2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline oxazolines towards ring-opening by chloride ions during protonation of the imine nitrogen. The direct reaction of propanoyl chloride with 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride in the presence of triethylamine avoids the formation of water. Propanal reacts with 2-aminoethanol in "t"-butanol to 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline in the presence of the iodinating reagent 1,3-diiodo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DIH) and potassium carbonate. 2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline is a readily water-soluble, colorless liquid which is also soluble in a variety of organic solvents and possesses an amine-like smell. Aqueous solutions react alkaline. The compound is stable in alkaline but hydrolyses under acid action. In anhydrous form, 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline is mostly used as a monomer. The cationic
Sodium ethyl xanthate up to 10,000 tonnes of sodium ethyl xanthate and imported about 6,000 tonnes, mostly from China. The material produced in Australia is the so-called 'liquid sodium ethyl xanthate' that refers to a 40% aqueous solution of the solid. It is obtained by reacting carbon disulfide with sodium hydroxide and ethanol in a closed process. Its density is 1.2 g/cm and the freezing point is −6 °C. Sodium ethyl xanthate has moderate oral and dermal toxicity in animals and is irritating to eyes and skin. It is especially toxic to aquatic life and therefore its disposal is strictly controlled. Median lethal