Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War) radicals (liberals), as well as Falangists, Catholics and pro-Monarchic movements such as the "Agraristas" and the "Carlistas (Requetés)". The Falange was originally a Spanish fascist political party founded by José Antonio Primo de Rivera, son of the former Spanish leader Miguel Primo de Rivera. The Falange was created with the financial assistance of Alfonsist monarchist funding. Upon being formed, the Falange was officially anti-clerical and anti-monarchist. As a landowner and aristocrat, Primo de Rivera assured the upper classes that Spanish fascism would not get out of their control like its equivalents in Germany and Italy. In 1934, the Falange merged
Miguel Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia Jerez de la Frontera (1947–1948). After his death his nephew Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo (son of his brother Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia) assumed the titles of Duke and Marquis. Miguel Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia Miguel Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia, 2nd Duke of Primo de Rivera, 4th Marquis of Estella (11 July 1904 – 8 May 1964) was a Spanish aristocrat, lawyer, politician and diplomat. He was the second son of former dictatorial Prime Minister Miguel Primo de Rivera and younger brother of the founder of the Falangist movement