Satires (Horace) Satires (Horace) The Satires ( or "Sermones") is a collection of satirical poems written by the Roman poet, Horace. Composed in dactylic hexameters, the "Satires" explore the secrets of human happiness and literary perfection. Published probably in 35 BCE and at the latest, by 33 BCE, the first book of "Satires" represents Horace's first published work. It established him as one of the great poetic talents of the Augustan Age. The second book was published in 30 BCE as a sequel. In his "Sermones" (Latin for "conversations") or "Satires" (Latin for "miscellaneous poems"), Horace combines Epicurean, that is, originally Greek
Pastoral epistles responding to specific 2nd-century developments (Marcionism, gnosticism). That Marcion (ca. 140) betrays knowledge of a collection of Paul's letters that lack the Pastoral Epistles is another piece of evidence for which any model must account. (This is a separate question to Marcion's "canon", which included only edited versions of Luke and the Pauline epistles; according to Tertullian, Marcion "omitted" the Epistle to the Hebrews and the Pastoral Epistles.) According to Raymond E. Brown ("An Introduction to the New Testament", 1997), the majority of scholars who accept a post-Pauline date of composition for the Pastorals favour the period 80–100. Scholars supporting