Mubarak al-Abdullah Joint Command and Staff College retained British military instructors to this day. It trains and educates officers from all military services and all nations in the Gulf Cooperation Council. The College is named after Lieutenant General Mubarak Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, the Chief of General Staff of the Kuwait Armed Forces from 1963 to 1980. Mubarak al-Abdullah Joint Command and Staff College The Mubarak al-Abdullah Joint Command and Staff College (, abbreviated in English as MAJCSC) is a military educational institution in Kuwait City, Kuwait, which prepares field grade officers to lead at the operational level of warfare. The British Embassy in Kuwait considers the College
Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans hastened the slide into bankruptcy. After negotiations with the European powers, the Public Debt Administration was set up, to which certain revenues were assigned. This arrangement subjected the Ottomans to foreign financial control from which they failed to free themselves, in part because of continued borrowing. In 1914, the Ottoman debt stood at 139.1 million Turkish pounds, and the government was still dependent on European financiers Why had the Ottomans not developed their own financial system in line with London and Paris? It was not for the want of trying. Since the beginning of the 18th century,