States of Germany equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the minister-president is the "Senatspräsident" (president of the senate) in Bremen, the "Erster Bürgermeister" (first mayor) in Hamburg, and the "Regierender Bürgermeister" (governing mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the "Abgeordnetenhaus" (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a "Bürgerschaft". The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as "Landtag" (State Parliament). The city-states of Berlin and Hamburg are subdivided into boroughs. The City of Bremen consists of two urban districts: Bremen and Bremerhaven, which are not contiguous. In the
Concordats with individual states of Germany Bavarian concordat. Another part of the same concordat, Article 3 on "concordat chairs", was unsuccessfully challenged in court in 2009. This provision establishes Church-controlled professorships in theology, philosophy, pedagogy, and the social sciences at state universities. Concordats with individual states of Germany Concordats between the Holy See and individual German states were concluded both before and after the unification of Germany in the 1870s. Early examples include: In addition to the Reichskonkordat at the federal level, there are concordats between the Holy See and thirteen German states (Länder). This is because the individual states of the German federation have competencies