Euclid's Elements Euclid's Elements The Elements ( "Stoicheia") is a mathematical treatise consisting of 13 books attributed to the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt c. 300 BC. It is a collection of definitions, postulates, propositions (theorems and constructions), and mathematical proofs of the propositions. The books cover plane and solid Euclidean geometry, elementary number theory, and incommensurable lines. "Elements" is the oldest extant large-scale deductive treatment of mathematics. It has proven instrumental in the development of logic and modern science, and its logical rigor was not surpassed until the 19th century. Euclid's "Elements" has been referred to as the
The Fractal Geometry of Nature resolution and in color. Many examples were created by programmers working with Mandelbrot, primarily at IBM Research. These visualizations have added to persuasiveness of the books and their impact on the scientific community. The Fractal Geometry of Nature The Fractal Geometry of Nature is a 1982 book by the Franco-American mathematician Benoît Mandelbrot. "The Fractal Geometry of Nature" is a revised and enlarged version of his 1977 book entitled "Fractals: Form, Chance and Dimension", which in turn was a revised, enlarged, and translated version of his 1975 French book, "Les Objects Fractals: Forme, Hasard et Dimension". "American Scientist" put the