States of Germany equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the minister-president is the "Senatspräsident" (president of the senate) in Bremen, the "Erster Bürgermeister" (first mayor) in Hamburg, and the "Regierender Bürgermeister" (governing mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the "Abgeordnetenhaus" (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a "Bürgerschaft". The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as "Landtag" (State Parliament). The city-states of Berlin and Hamburg are subdivided into boroughs. The City of Bremen consists of two urban districts: Bremen and Bremerhaven, which are not contiguous. In the
States of Germany parliament; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law are valid in perpetuity. Despite the original intention, the "Grundgesetz" remained in effect after the German reunification in 1990, with only minor amendments. The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federated State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led