V-2 rocket offensive began on 8 September 1944, when "Lehr- und Versuchsbatterie No. 444" () launched a single rocket guided by a radio beam directed at Paris. Wreckage of combat V-2s occasionally contained the transponder for velocity and fuel cutoff. The painting of the operational V-2s was mostly a ragged-edged pattern with several variations, but at the end of the war a plain olive green rocket also appeared. During tests, the rocket was painted in a characteristic black-and-white chessboard pattern, which aided in determining if the rocket was spinning around its longitudinal axis. The original German designation of the rocket was "V2",
Cora (rocket) of thrust and had a specific impulse (in vacuum) of 280 seconds. A cylindrical black ring supporting four fins was attached to the rocket's base. The Cora was launched on 27 November 1966 and on 18 December 1966 from the CIEES missile range and launch facility at Hammaguir, French Algeria. The December launch was successful. On 25 October 1967 a further launch took place from Biscarosse, which failed. The Cora was the largest rocket ever launched in Western Europe. Cora (rocket) Cora is the name of a single-stage French experimental rocket, which was propelled with nitrogen tetroxide and UDMH. The