Mubarak Al-Sabah guns to local Arabian leaders. In 1904-1906, while the Ottoman military occupied the important sub-region of al-Qasim in central Najd, Mubarak supported the Ottoman's opponent Ibn Sa’ud giving him strong “strong moral and material” support. In 1905 Mubarak also served as a mediator between the Saudis and the Ottomans, while simultaneously shaping Saudi strategy during the negotiations. A sign that the Ottoman attitude toward Mubarak was changing occurred in 1911 when in a draft message to Mubarak he was addressed not as “Kaymakam of Kuwait” but rather “Ruler of Kuwait and Chief of its Tribes.” This change in attitude, which
Postage stamps and postal history of the postal convention states of India was never used. Gwalior issued a total of 137 stamps and 94 official stamps from 1885 till 1949. Jhind is another of the cis-Sutlej states which signed a postal convention on 1 July 1885. Having an area of just , the territory of Jind, like all the Phulkian states, was fragmented; comprising three main enclaves and some isolated villages. The Sikh ruler of Jind, Raja Ranbir Singh was a minor at the time of signing of the postal convention; the state being ruled by a Council of Regency at that point in time. Prior to becoming a convention state, Jhind