Spanish American wars of independence important change in strategy after three United Provinces campaigns had been defeated in Upper Peru. San Martín's army became the nucleus of the Army of the Andes, which received crucial political and material support in 1816 when Juan Martín de Pueyrredón became Supreme Director of the United Provinces. In January 1817, San Martín was finally ready to advance against the royalists in Chile. Ignoring an injunction from the congress of the Río de la Plata not to move against Chile, San Martín together with General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, later Supreme Director of Chile, led the Army over the Andes in
Bernardo de' Rossi Bernardo de' Rossi Bernardo de' Rossi (26 August 1468 – 28 June 1527) was an Italian bishop and patron of the arts. The son of a feudal family of the area of Parma, at a young age he received the archdiaconate of Padua and the Abbey of St. Crisogonus in Zadar. In 1488, thanks to the support of the Republic of Venice, he became Bishop of Belluno. In 1499 he was appointed as bishop of Treviso. Here he held a small court, featuring artists such as Lorenzo Lotto, who painted a portrait of him around 1505. In 1503, de' Rossi