Glass-to-metal seal absorb the stresses from thermal expansion mismatches. Due to its very low vapor pressure, indium finds use in glass-metal seals used in vacuum technology. Gallium is a soft metal with melting point at 30 °C. It readily wets glasses and most metals and can be used for seals that can be assembled/disassembled by just slight heating. It can be used as a liquid seal up to high temperatures or even at lower temperatures when alloyed with other metals (e.g. as galinstan). Mercury is a metal liquid at normal temperature. It was used as the earliest glass-to-metal seal and is still
Liquid metal can move in free space and in various structural channels; surprisingly, it can also make its own deformation adjustment according to the width of the path along the path. The dynamic mechanism comes from two aspects. According to Rebinder's effect , liquid metal alloy EGaIn or Galinstan would penetrate into aluminum, destroying the oxide skin on Al surface and leading to the activation of Al. In NaOH solution, Al is the cathode and liquid metal works as the anode. the dissolution of Al on the cathode renders Al to lose electrons, Under the equilibrium state, gallium reacts with the alkali