France arrondissements, which are, in turn, subdivided into 2,054 cantons. These cantons are then divided into 36,658 communes, which are municipalities with an elected municipal council. Three communes—Paris, Lyon and Marseille—are subdivided into 45 municipal arrondissements. The regions, departments and communes are all known as territorial collectivities, meaning they possess local assemblies as well as an executive. Arrondissements and cantons are merely administrative divisions. However, this was not always the case. Until 1940, the arrondissements were territorial collectivities with an elected assembly, but these were suspended by the Vichy regime and definitely abolished by the Fourth Republic in 1946. In addition
Subdivided flat people live in subdivided flats or other similarly undesirable conditions. With reference to the study by the Society for Community Organisation, people living in subdivided flats are mainly unemployed citizens, low income family, new immigrants, etc. The average size of a subdivided flat is found to be 30 square feet per person. The insufficient supply of public housing is one of the important driving forces leading to the appearance of subdivided units. In accordance with the grassroots housing rental price research report 2011 released by the Society for Communication Organization, the government lacks future evaluation of the housing demand in