Annual calendar years. An annual timepiece calendar is less complicated and expensive than a perpetual timepiece calendar, which will not require manual adjustment till 2100. That year will not be a leap year, even though its number is evenly divisible by 4. Ancient calendars (static) may always have been annual, even after the length of the calendar year was fixed at (avg.) 365.25 days by the Julian Calendar (46 BC). Early Romans observed an 8-day market week, called the nundinal cycle, until the seven-day week was adopted during the reign of Emperor Constantine the Great (306-337). A goal of modern calendar reform
Middle-earth calendar the three extra days in every third "yén" (once every 432 years), for an average year length of ≈365.24306 days. In Rivendell, the "loa" began on the spring equinox and was divided into six "months" or seasons, as follows. Five other days, two between "coirë" and "tuilë" and three between "yávië" and "quellë", meant the calendar added up to 365 days. Irregularities were allowed for by adding another three days every twelve years, except the last year of a "yén". The calendar developed by the Men of Middle-earth is called the King's Reckoning, and is in many ways similar to