Hydrogen production because it is more efficient than separate hydrogen, steam and power plants. Air Products recently built an integrated steam reforming / co-generation plant in Port Arthur, Texas. Hydrogen production from natural gas or other hydrocarbons is achieved by partial oxidation. A fuel-air or fuel-oxygen mixture is partially combusted resulting in a hydrogen rich syngas. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are obtained via the water-gas shift reaction. Carbon dioxide can be co-fed to lower the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio. The partial oxidation reaction occurs when a substoichiometric fuel-air mixture or fuel-oxygen is partially combusted in a reformer or partial oxidation reactor.
Carbon–hydrogen bond activation by a rhodium complex. In the case of alkanes, exclusive terminal functionalization was observed. Later, ruthenium catalysts were discovered to have higher activity and functional group compatibility. Other borylation catalysts have also been developed, including iridium-based catalysts, which successfully activate C-H bonds with high compatibility. For more information, consult borylation. No applications have been commercialized for homogeneously catalyzed C-H activations. Naturally occurring methane is not utilized as a chemical feedstock, despite its abundance and low cost. Current technology makes prodigious use of methane by steam reforming to produce syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This syngas is then