Propaganda in Nazi Germany propaganda broadcasts; though Goebbels claimed in his "Das Reich" article that it was to make the radio a good companion to the people, he admitted the truth in his diary. As well as domestic broadcasts, the Nazi regime used radio to deliver its message to both occupied territories and enemy states. One of the main targets was the United Kingdom, to which William Joyce broadcast regularly, gaining the nickname 'Lord Haw-Haw'. Joyce first appeared on German radio on 6 September 1939 reading the news in English but soon became noted for his often mischievous propaganda broadcasts. Joyce was executed in
Writers in Paris writer and art patron Gertrude Stein, and the English poet, critic novelist and editor Ford Maddox Ford. In 1920, the Irish author James Joyce received an invitation from the poet Ezra Pound to spend a week with him in Paris. He ended up remaining for twenty years, writing two of his major works, "Ulysses" and "Finnegans Wake". After the war began, in late 1940, he moved to Zurich, where he died. The Russian émigré Vladimir Nabokov lived in Paris from 1937 until 1940, when he left for the United States. Eric Arthur Blair, better known under his pen name George