Wind wave may be written as: where C is speed (in meters per second), g is the acceleration due to gravity, and d is the depth of the water (in meters). The period of a wave remains unchanged regardless of the depth of water through which it is moving. As deep-water waves enter the shallows and feel the bottom, however, their speed is reduced and their crests "bunch up," so their wavelength shortens. As waves travel from deep to shallow water, their shape alters (wave height increases, speed decreases, and length decreases as wave orbits become asymmetrical). This process is called shoaling.
Constant-weight code threshold. Most line codes use either a constant-weight code, or a nearly-constant-weight paired disparity code. In addition to use as error correction codes, the large space between code words can also be used in the design of asynchronous circuits such as delay insensitive circuits. Constant-weight codes, like Berger codes, can detect all unidirectional errors. The central problem regarding constant-weight codes is the following: what is the maximum number of codewords in a binary constant-weight code with length formula_1, Hamming distance formula_2, and weight formula_3? This number is called formula_4. Apart from some trivial observations, it is generally impossible to compute