Parallel (geometry) as a pair of straight lines in a plane which do not meet appears as Definition 23 in Book I of Euclid's Elements. Alternative definitions were discussed by other Greeks, often as part of an attempt to prove the parallel postulate. Proclus attributes a definition of parallel lines as equidistant lines to Posidonius and quotes Geminus in a similar vein. Simplicius also mentions Posidonius' definition as well as its modification by the philosopher Aganis. At the end of the nineteenth century, in England, Euclid's Elements was still the standard textbook in secondary schools. The traditional treatment of geometry was being
Ptolemy of Mauretania recover money from Ptolemy. Ptolemy is a minor character in the novels by Robert Graves, "I Claudius " and "Claudius the God". He appears in Stephanie Dray's novel "Daughters of the Nile", which marked the end of the trilogy focusing on Ptolemy's mother. Throughout Morocco and Algeria, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the Rabat Museum in Morocco. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of JubaII virtually show his relations to