Foundations of geometry different sets of axioms for Euclidean geometry, any of these can replace the Euclidean parallel postulate. The following partial list indicates some of these theorems that are of historical interest. Absolute geometry is a geometry based on an axiom system consisting of all the axioms giving Euclidean geometry except for the parallel postulate or any of its alternatives. The term was introduced by János Bolyai in 1832. It is sometimes referred to as neutral geometry, as it is neutral with respect to the parallel postulate. In Euclid's "Elements", the first 28 propositions and Proposition I.31 avoid using the parallel postulate,
Political and military events in Scotland during the reign of David I of Scotland and England", a title which acknowledged the new Scoto-Northumbrian identity of David's realm. Political and military events in Scotland during the reign of David I Political and military events in Scotland during the reign of David I are the events which took place in Scotland during David I of Scotland's reign as King of Scots, from 1124 to 1153. When his brother Alexander I of Scotland died in 1124, David chose, with the backing of Henry I of England, to take the Kingdom of Alba for himself. David was forced to engage in warfare against his rival and