Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah Sheikh Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah (, born 4 January 1942) is a Kuwaiti politician and the Prime Minister of Kuwait since 2011. Previously he served as Minister of Defense as well as Deputy Prime Minister. Jaber was first appointed as Prime Minister on 4 December 2011. A year later, on 5 December 2012, he was reappointed as Prime Minister following the parliamentary election held on 1 December 2012. He was re-appointed in the same position on November 1, 2017 when an Amiri Order was issued to appoint him as the Prime Minister, and mandate him to
Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans hastened the slide into bankruptcy. After negotiations with the European powers, the Public Debt Administration was set up, to which certain revenues were assigned. This arrangement subjected the Ottomans to foreign financial control from which they failed to free themselves, in part because of continued borrowing. In 1914, the Ottoman debt stood at 139.1 million Turkish pounds, and the government was still dependent on European financiers Why had the Ottomans not developed their own financial system in line with London and Paris? It was not for the want of trying. Since the beginning of the 18th century,