Ethyl cyanohydroxyiminoacetate Ethyl cyanohydroxyiminoacetate Ethyl cyanohydroxyiminoacetate (oxyma) is the oxime of ethyl cyanoacetate and finds use as an additive for carbodiimides, such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) in peptide synthesis. It acts as a neutralizing reagent for the basicity or nucleophilicity of the DCC due to its pronounced acidity (pKa 4.60) and suppresses base catalyzed side reactions, in particular racemization. Ethyl cyanohydroxyiminoacetate is obtained in the reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate and nitrous acid (from sodium nitrite and acetic acid) in 87% yield. Because of the rapid hydrolysis of the ester, the reaction should be carried out at pH 4.5, in buffered phosphoric acid the
Ethyl carbamate Additives) risk assessment evaluation of ethyl carbamate concluded that the MOE intake of ethyl carbamate from daily food and alcoholic beverages combined is of concern and mitigation measures to reduce ethyl carbamate in some alcoholic beverages should continue. There is little doubt that ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages is very important to health authorities, while the cumulative daily exposure in the typical diet is also an issue of rising concern that merits closer observation. The Korean study concluded, "It would be desirable to closely monitor ethyl carbamate levels in Korean foods and find ways to reduce the daily intake." The