Propagation constant a conductor. The skin effect causes R along the conductor to be approximately dependent on frequency according to Losses in the dielectric depend on the loss tangent (tan "δ") of the material divided by the wavelength of the signal. Thus they are directly proportional to the frequency. The attenuation constant for a particular propagation mode in an optical fiber is the real part of the axial propagation constant. In electromagnetic theory, the phase constant, also called phase change constant, parameter or coefficient is the imaginary component of the propagation constant for a plane wave. It represents the change in phase
Continuous-wave radar with the fact that it is coherent means that Fourier integration can be used rather than azimuth integration providing superior signal to noise and a Doppler measurement. Doppler processing allows signal integration between successive receiver samples. This means that the number of samples can be increased to extend the detection range without increasing transmit power. That technique can be used to produce inexpensive stealthy low-power radar. CW performance is similar to Pulse-Doppler radar performance for this reason. Unmodulated continuous wave radar cannot measure distance. Signal amplitude provides the only way to determine which object corresponds with which speed measurement when