Transition metal prevent d–d bonding, which again tends to differentiate them from the accepted transition metals. Mercury has a melting point of and is a liquid at room temperature. Transition metal In chemistry, the term transition metal (or transition element) has three possible meanings: English chemist Charles Bury (1890–1968) first used the word "transition" in this context in 1921, when he referred to a "transition series of elements" during the change of an inner layer of electrons (for example n=3 in the 4th row of the periodic table) from a stable group of 8 to one of 18, or from 18 to
Liquid metal (Fr)(estimated at 27 °C [81 °F]), and gallium (Ga)(30 °C [86 °F]). Alloy systems that are liquid at room temperature have thermal conductivity far superior to ordinary non-metallic liquids, allowing liquid metal to efficiently transfer energy from the heat source to the liquid. They also have a higher electrical conductivity that allows the liquid to be pumped by more efficient, electromagnetic pumps. This results in the use of these materials for specific heat conducting and/or dissipation applications. Another advantage of liquid alloy systems is their inherent high densities. Once oxides have been removed from the substrate surface, most liquid metals