Spanish American wars of independence important change in strategy after three United Provinces campaigns had been defeated in Upper Peru. San Martín's army became the nucleus of the Army of the Andes, which received crucial political and material support in 1816 when Juan Martín de Pueyrredón became Supreme Director of the United Provinces. In January 1817, San Martín was finally ready to advance against the royalists in Chile. Ignoring an injunction from the congress of the Río de la Plata not to move against Chile, San Martín together with General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, later Supreme Director of Chile, led the Army over the Andes in
Valcău de Jos it in 1404. In 1665 the Ottoman army destroyed it and it was not rebuilt again. In 1910 the village had 900 residents, with a Romanian majority and a significant Hungarian minority. In 2002 the commune of which Valcău de Jos is the administrative center had 3302 inhabitants: 2909 Romanians, 287 Roma, 105 Hungarians, and one Slovak. "This article is based on a translation of the from the Hungarian Wikipedia on 22 February 2007". Valcău de Jos Valcău de Jos () is a commune in Sălaj County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Lazuri ("Újvágás"), Preoteasa ("Füzespaptelek"), Ratovei ("Rátonbükk"),