Order of Mubarak the Great Order of Mubarak the Great The Order of Mubarak the Great ("Wisam Mubarak al-Kabir") is a knighthood order of Kuwait. The Order was founded on 16 July 1974 by the national government to celebrate the memory of Mubarak Al-Sabah called "the Great", Sheikh of Kuwait from 1896 to 1915, who succeeded in 1897 in obtaining an independence recognition from the Ottoman Empire in favour of Kuwait. The Order is awarded to Heads of State and foreign Sovereigns and to members of foreign royal families in sign of friendship. The "collar" of the Order is composed of a golden medallion with
Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire parliament survived for only two years before the sultan suspended it. When forced to reconvene it, he abolished the representative body instead. This ended the effectiveness of the "Kanûn-ı Esâsî". After Abdülaziz's dethronement Murat was enthroned. It was hoped that he would sign the constitution. However, due to health problems Murat was also dethroned after 93 days; he was the shortest reigning sultan of the Empire. The First Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire was the period of constitutional monarchy from the promulgation of the "Kanûn-ı Esâsî" (meaning "Basic Law" in Ottoman Turkish), written by members of the Young Ottomans,