19th century in science Carnot captured some of the ideas of thermodynamics in his discussion of the efficiency of an idealized engine. Sadi Carnot's work provided a basis for the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics—a restatement of the law of conservation of energy—which was stated around 1850 by William Thomson, later known as Lord Kelvin, and Rudolf Clausius. Lord Kelvin, who had extended the concept of absolute zero from gases to all substances in 1848, drew upon the engineering theory of Lazare Carnot, Sadi Carnot, and Émile Clapeyron–as well as the experimentation of James Prescott Joule on the interchangeability of mechanical, chemical,
First Church of Christ, Scientist (Scranton, Pennsylvania) First Church of Christ, Scientist (Scranton, Pennsylvania) The First Church of Christ, Scientist, now known as Lackawanna County Children's Library, is a building in Scranton, Pennsylvania located at 520 Vine Street. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 1988. The building, built in 1915, was listed for its Classical Revival architecture. Christian Science religious activity in Scranton dates from before 1890 when Judge Septimus J. Hanna and his wife came to take charge of the fledgling Christian Science Society. The Hannas left in 1892 for Christian Science world headquarters in Boston where he