Liquid metal Liquid metal Liquid metal consists of alloys with very low melting points which form a eutectic that is liquid at room temperature. The standard metal used to be mercury, but gallium-based alloys, which are lower both in their vapor pressure at room temperature and toxicity, are being used as a replacement in various applications. A few elemental metals are liquid at or near room temperature. The most well known is mercury(Hg), which is molten above −38.8 °C (234.3 K, −37.9 °F). Others include caesium(Cs), which has a melting point of 28.5 °C (83.3 °F), rubidium (Rb)(39 °C [102 °F]), francium
Liquid crystal Rod-shaped molecules have an elongated, anisotropic geometry which allows for preferential alignment along one spatial direction. • The molecular shape should be relatively thin, flat or bowl-like, especially within rigid molecular frameworks. • The molecular length should be at least 1.3 nm, consistent with the presence of long alkyl group on many room-temperature liquid crystals. • The structure should not be branched or angular, except for the bowlics. • A low melting point is preferable in order to avoid metastable, monotropic liquid crystalline phases. Low-temperature mesomorphic behavior in general is technologically more useful, and alkyl terminal groups promote this. An