Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah Sheikh Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah (, born 4 January 1942) is a Kuwaiti politician and the Prime Minister of Kuwait since 2011. Previously he served as Minister of Defense as well as Deputy Prime Minister. Jaber was first appointed as Prime Minister on 4 December 2011. A year later, on 5 December 2012, he was reappointed as Prime Minister following the parliamentary election held on 1 December 2012. He was re-appointed in the same position on November 1, 2017 when an Amiri Order was issued to appoint him as the Prime Minister, and mandate him to
Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire parliament survived for only two years before the sultan suspended it. When forced to reconvene it, he abolished the representative body instead. This ended the effectiveness of the "Kanûn-ı Esâsî". After Abdülaziz's dethronement Murat was enthroned. It was hoped that he would sign the constitution. However, due to health problems Murat was also dethroned after 93 days; he was the shortest reigning sultan of the Empire. The First Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire was the period of constitutional monarchy from the promulgation of the "Kanûn-ı Esâsî" (meaning "Basic Law" in Ottoman Turkish), written by members of the Young Ottomans,