Volta potential by its work function, and so dissimilar metals can show an electric potential difference even at equilibrium. The Volta potential is "not" an intrinsic property of the two bulk metals under consideration, but rather is determined by work function differences between the metals' surfaces. Just like the work function, the Volta potential depends sensitively on surface state, contamination, and so on. The potential is given by the formula: formula_1, where V is the potential, The Volta potential can be significant (of order 1 volt) but it cannot be measured directly by an ordinary voltmeter. A voltmeter does not measure vacuum
Coefficients of potential two conductors carry equal and opposite charges, formula_20 Coefficients of potential In electrostatics, the coefficients of potential determine the relationship between the charge and electrostatic potential (electrical potential), which is purely geometric: where "Q" is the surface charge on conductor "i". The coefficients of potential are the coefficients "p". φ should be correctly read as the potential on the i-th conductor, and hence "formula_2" is the p due to charge 1 on conductor 2. or more formally Note that: The physical content of the symmetry is as follows: In general, the coefficients is used when describing system of conductors, such