Propagation constant a conductor. The skin effect causes R along the conductor to be approximately dependent on frequency according to Losses in the dielectric depend on the loss tangent (tan "δ") of the material divided by the wavelength of the signal. Thus they are directly proportional to the frequency. The attenuation constant for a particular propagation mode in an optical fiber is the real part of the axial propagation constant. In electromagnetic theory, the phase constant, also called phase change constant, parameter or coefficient is the imaginary component of the propagation constant for a plane wave. It represents the change in phase
Acoustic wave wave becomes a travelling wave moving rightwards, for formula_14 the wave becomes a travelling wave moving leftwards. A standing wave can be obtained by formula_15. In a travelling wave pressure and particle velocity are in phase, which means the phase angle between the two quantities is zero. This can be easily proven using the ideal gas law where Consider a volume formula_18. As an acoustic wave propagates through the volume, adiabatic compression and decompression occurs. For adiabatic change the following relation between volume formula_18 of a parcel of fluid and pressure formula_2 holds where As a sound wave propagates through