2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline oxazolines towards ring-opening by chloride ions during protonation of the imine nitrogen. The direct reaction of propanoyl chloride with 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride in the presence of triethylamine avoids the formation of water. Propanal reacts with 2-aminoethanol in "t"-butanol to 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline in the presence of the iodinating reagent 1,3-diiodo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DIH) and potassium carbonate. 2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline is a readily water-soluble, colorless liquid which is also soluble in a variety of organic solvents and possesses an amine-like smell. Aqueous solutions react alkaline. The compound is stable in alkaline but hydrolyses under acid action. In anhydrous form, 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline is mostly used as a monomer. The cationic
Ethyl cyanoacrylate Ethyl cyanoacrylate is prepared by the condensation of formaldehyde with ethyl cyanoacetate:<chem>CH2 (C#N) CO2 Et + CH2O -> CH2=C (C#N) CO2 Et + H2O</chem>This exothermic reaction affords the polymer, which is subsequently sintered, thermally "cracked" to give the monomer. Alternatively, it can be prepared by the ethoxycarbonylation of cyanoacetylene. Ethyl cyanoacrylate is used for gluing various materials. It is also used in medicine, for liquid bandages and for suture-less surgery, but it is used less often than the less toxic "n"-butyl and octyl cyanoacrylates. Off-the-shelf non-medical-grade glues are unsuitable for medical applications, as they may contain solvents (e.g. methyl alcohol)