Canidia (gens) Canidia (gens) The gens Canidia was a Roman family of the late Republic. It is best known from a single individual, Publius Canidius Crassus, consul "suffectus" in 40 B.C., and the chief general of Marcus Antonius. "Canidia" was also a sobriquet bestowed upon Gratidia, a Neapolitan perfumer (according to Pomponius Porphyrion) who had deserted the poet Horace. He primarily describes her in his fifth and seventeenth epodes, and the eighth satire of his first book of Satires; she is mentioned in passing at Epode 5, Satire 2.1 and Satire 2.8. The "Palinodia" in the sixteenth ode of the first book
Pastoral epistles responding to specific 2nd-century developments (Marcionism, gnosticism). That Marcion (ca. 140) betrays knowledge of a collection of Paul's letters that lack the Pastoral Epistles is another piece of evidence for which any model must account. (This is a separate question to Marcion's "canon", which included only edited versions of Luke and the Pauline epistles; according to Tertullian, Marcion "omitted" the Epistle to the Hebrews and the Pastoral Epistles.) According to Raymond E. Brown ("An Introduction to the New Testament", 1997), the majority of scholars who accept a post-Pauline date of composition for the Pastorals favour the period 80–100. Scholars supporting