Sea can cause individual (unexpected) rogue waves much higher than normal. Most waves are less than high and it is not unusual for strong storms to double or triple that height; offshore construction such as wind farms and oil platforms use metocean statistics from measurements in computing the wave forces (due to for instance the hundred-year wave) they are designed against. Rogue waves, however, have been documented at heights above . The top of a wave is known as the crest, the lowest point between waves is the trough and the distance between the crests is the wavelength. The wave is
Distance oracle auxiliary data structure. A simple data structure that achieves this goal is a "matrix" which specifies, for each pair of nodes, the distance between them. This structure allows us to answer queries in constant time formula_2, but requires formula_3 extra space. It can be initialized in time formula_4 using an all-pairs shortest paths algorithm, such as the Floyd–Warshall algorithm. A DO lies between these two extremes. It uses less than formula_3 space in order to answer queries in less than formula_1 time. Most DOs have to compromise on accuracy, i.e. they don't return the accurate distance but rather a constant-factor