Cnoidal wave is the wave height, "λ" is the wavelength, "c" is the phase speed and "η" is the trough elevation. Further cn is one of the Jacobi elliptic functions and "K"("m") is the complete elliptic integral of the first kind; both are dependent on the elliptic parameter "m". The latter, "m", determines the shape of the cnoidal wave. For "m" equal to zero the cnoidal wave becomes a cosine function, while for values close to one the cnoidal wave gets peaked crests and (very) flat troughs. For values of "m" less than 0.95, the cnoidal function can be approximated with trigonometric
Wave complex waves cannot be determined from a sine-wave decomposition. A standing wave, also known as a "stationary wave", is a wave that remains in a constant position. This phenomenon can occur because the medium is moving in the opposite direction to the wave, or it can arise in a stationary medium as a result of interference between two waves traveling in opposite directions. The "sum" of two counter-propagating waves (of equal amplitude and frequency) creates a "standing wave". Standing waves commonly arise when a boundary blocks further propagation of the wave, thus causing wave reflection, and therefore introducing a counter-propagating