Limnology Limnology Limnology ( ; from Greek λίμνη, "limne", "lake" and λόγος, "logos", "knowledge"), is the study of inland aquatic ecosystems. The study of limnology includes aspects of the biological, chemical, physical, and geological characteristics and functions of inland waters (running and standing waters, fresh and saline, natural or man-made). This includes the study of lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, springs, streams, wetlands, and groundwater. A more recent sub-discipline of limnology, termed landscape limnology, studies, manages, and seeks to conserve these ecosystems using a landscape perspective, by explicitly examining connections between an aquatic ecosystem and its watershed. Recently, the need to understand
European Association for the Study of the Liver European Association for the Study of the Liver The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) is a European professional association for liver disease. EASL was founded by the German physician Gustav-Adolf Martini in April 1966, in Marburg, Germany, to promote research on the liver and its pathology and to improve therapy for liver disorders. EASL's founding was inspired by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD, created in November 1949) and the International Association for the Study of the Liver (IASL, created in 1958). EASL is a non-profit organization, composed solely of individual members,