Limnology zoologist) and Einar Naumann (a Swedish botanist) co-founded the International Society of Limnology (SIL, from Societas Internationalis Limnologiae). Forel's original definition of limnology, "the oceanography of lakes", was expanded to encompass the study of all inland waters, and influenced Benedykt Dybowski's work on Lake Baikal. Prominent early American limnologists included G. Evelyn Hutchinson, Ed Deevey, E. A. Birge, and C. Juday. Physical properties of aquatic ecosystems are determined by a combination of heat, currents, waves and other seasonal distributions of environmental conditions. The morphometry of a body of water depends on the type of feature (such as a lake, river,
Institute of Ecosystem Study 2018, the Institute was dismantled and each of the research units of ISE was included in other institutes of CNR. The "Journal of Limnology" was the official international journal of the ISE headquarters in Verbania, and it is now the official international journal of IRSA. It publishes papers on limnology. It started in 1999 as a continuation of the "Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia" (1942–1998). It is currently published by PAGEPress, is completely free to read and to publish, and is listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). "Tropical Zoology" was the official international journal of the unit