Ethyl sulfate process in which ethylene is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce ethyl sulfate followed by hydrolysis, but this method has been mostly replaced by direct hydration of ethylene. Ethyl sulfate can be produced in a laboratory setting by reacting ethanol with sulfuric acid under a gentle boil, while keeping the reaction below 140 °C. The sulfuric acid must be added dropwise or the reaction must be actively cooled because the reaction itself is highly exothermic. If the temperature exceeds 140 °C, the ethyl sulfate product tends to react with residual ethanol starting material, producing diethyl ether. If the temperature exceeds
Ethyl caffeate Ethyl caffeate Ethyl caffeate is an ester of an hydroxycinnamic acid, a naturally occurring organic compound. It can be found in "Bidens pilosa", in "Polygonum amplexicaule var. sinense". It is also found in Huáng bǎi, one of the fifty fundamental herbs of traditional Chinese medicine, also known also as "Cortex Phellodendri", the bark of one of two species of Phellodendron tree: "Phellodendron amurense" or "Phellodendron chinense". It is also found in wines such as Verdicchio, a white wine from Marche, Italy. Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-kappaB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE2 "in vitro" or in mouse