History of Alexandria Severus after temporary abolition by Augustus. Monumental buildings were erected in Alexandria through the third century BC. The Heptastadion connected Pharos with the city and the Lighthouse of Alexandria followed soon after, as did the Serapeum, all under Ptolemy I. The Museion was built under Ptolemy II; the Serapeum expanded by Ptolemy III Euergetes; and mausolea for Alexander and the Ptolemies built under Ptolemy IV. The Ptolemies fostered the development of the Library of Alexandria and associated Musaeum into a renowned center for Hellenistic learning. Luminaries associated with the Musaeum included the geometry and number-theorist Euclid; the astronomer Hipparchus; and
Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa (Greek: , "Patriarcheîon Alexandreías kaì pásēs Aphrikês") is an autocephalous Byzantine Rite jurisdiction of the Eastern Orthodox Church, having the African continent as its canonical territory. It is commonly called the "Greek" or "Eastern" Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria to distinguish it from the "Coptic" or "Oriental" Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. Members of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate were once known as Melkites, because they remained in communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople after the schism that followed the Council of Chalcedon in 451.