Hydrogen economy small part (4% in 2006) is produced by electrolysis using electricity and water, consuming approximately 50 kilowatt-hours of electricity per kilogram of hydrogen produced. The Kværner-process or Kvaerner carbon black & hydrogen process (CB&H) is a method, developed in the 1980s by a Norwegian company of the same name, for the production of hydrogen from hydrocarbons (CH), such as methane, natural gas and biogas. Of the available energy of the feed, approximately 48% is contained in the hydrogen, 40% is contained in activated carbon and 10% in superheated steam. Hydrogen can be made via high pressure electrolysis, low pressure electrolysis
Carbon–hydrogen bond activation substitution at the carbon also greatly affects selectivity; the secondary methylene position is preferred over the terminal methylene position because the former has a secondary carbon while the latter has a primary one. In the oxidation of cyclohexane compound, the tertiary site on the ring is preferential over the tertiary site of the isopropyl substituent. The two methyl groups hinder the oxidation on the isopropyl group, making the less hindered cyclohexyl site more favorable. In contrast to innate selectivity, guided selectivity results from external reagents or directing groups affecting the nature of specific C-H bonds. The figure above demonstrates the