Spanish American wars of independence important change in strategy after three United Provinces campaigns had been defeated in Upper Peru. San Martín's army became the nucleus of the Army of the Andes, which received crucial political and material support in 1816 when Juan Martín de Pueyrredón became Supreme Director of the United Provinces. In January 1817, San Martín was finally ready to advance against the royalists in Chile. Ignoring an injunction from the congress of the Río de la Plata not to move against Chile, San Martín together with General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, later Supreme Director of Chile, led the Army over the Andes in
Bernardo de Izaguirre de los Reyes Bernardo de Izaguirre de los Reyes Bernardo de Izaguirre de los Reyes (died November 16, 1668) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas (1669–1670), Bishop of Cuzco (1662–1669), and Bishop of Panamá (1654–1659). Bernardo de Izaguirre de los Reyes was selected on July 28, 1654 and confirmed on April 21, 1655 by Pope Alexander VII as Bishop of Panamá. On January 12, 1659, he was consecrated bishop by Alonso de Briceño, Bishop of Caracas On July 31, 1662, he was appointed as Bishop of Cuzco. On July 15, 1669, Pope Clement IX confirmed