Spanish nationalism refers in this case to the movement that emerged after the crisis of 1898. Panhispanism was influenced by the regenerationism movement and the Generation of '98, whose authors came from the Spanish periphery and agreed to consider Castile the representation of "Spanish". These philosophers, ideologues and authors, like Ramiro de Maeztu, Ramiro Ledesma and Onésimo Redondo, founders of the JONS, and José Antonio Primo de Rivera, founder of Falange, expressed a generation frustrated with Spanish society and politics at the time. During this period, this form of nationalism incorporated a traditionalist component (with the notable exceptions of the vanguardism of
Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo "Cortes" (parliament). His role was instrumental in that the new law made possible the new democratic reforms that would culminate in the Spanish Constitution of 1978. He worked behind the scenes to ensure the support of some reluctant members of the Cortes, most notably his own aunt, Pilar Primo de Rivera, the leader of the regime's Women's Organization, who had been a stalwart of Franco's regime. He was made a Senator by royal appointment in 1977. Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo (17 August 1934 – 3 December 2018) was a Spanish politician, lawyer