Calcium-induced calcium release of CICR across the cell causes the significant increase in cytosolic Ca that is important in activating muscle contraction. Calcium-induced calcium release Calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) describes a biological process whereby calcium is able to activate calcium release from intracellular Ca stores (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum or sarcoplasmic reticulum). Although CICR was first proposed for skeletal muscle in the 1970s, it is now known that CICR is unlikely to be its primary mechanism for activating SR calcium release. Instead, CICR is thought to be crucial for excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle and it is now obvious that CICR is a widely
Symbol table global scope, whether it is imported, and what namespace it belongs to. Some programming languages allow the symbol table to be manipulated at run-time, so that symbols can be added at any time. Racket is an example of such a language. Both the LISP and the Scheme programming languages allow arbitrary, generic properties to be associated with each symbol. The Prolog programming language is essentially a symbol-table manipulation language; symbols are called "atoms", and the relationships between symbols can be reasoned over. Similarly, OpenCog provides a dynamic symbol table, called the "atomspace", which is used for knowledge representation. Symbol table