Malaysia–Singapore border territories when Johor became a British protectorate while Singapore remained a British crown colony. On 31 August 1957, the Federation of Malaya (which consisted of only Peninsular Malaysia), which included Johor as a component state, became independent and the Johor–Singapore border again became an international boundary between the sovereign state of Malaya and the self-governing British territory of Singapore. On 16 September 1963, Singapore merged with and become a component state of the Federation of Malaysia, rendering the border between two component states of Malaysia. The border again became an international border when Singapore chose to be separated from Malaysia
European Federation for Welding, Joining and Cutting in welding, from curious learners to welding professionals. European Federation for Welding, Joining and Cutting The European Federation for Welding, Joining and Cutting (EWF) is an organization dedicated to education, training, qualification and certification in the field of welding and related technologies. In 1992, welding course providers of several EU member countries wanted to harmonise their education, training, qualification and certification procedures. Thus, they set-up the European Federation for Welding, Joining and Cutting (EWF). The objective was that same qualifications could be awarded in any country by using a single syllabus for each level of the training course and a