Carbon dioxide elongatus" has been genetically engineered to produce the fuels isobutyraldehyde and isobutanol from using photosynthesis. Liquid and solid carbon dioxide are important refrigerants, especially in the food industry, where they are employed during the transportation and storage of ice cream and other frozen foods. Solid carbon dioxide is called "dry ice" and is used for small shipments where refrigeration equipment is not practical. Solid carbon dioxide is always below −78.5 °C at regular atmospheric pressure, regardless of the air temperature. The global automobile industry is expected to decide on the next-generation refrigerant in car air conditioning. is one discussed option.(see
Carbon dioxide clathrate becomes clear that all the above-mentioned speculations rest on extremely unstable bases. On Enceladus decomposition of carbon dioxide clathrate is a possible way to explain the formation of gas plumes. In Europa (moon), clathrate should be important for storing carbon dioxide. In the conditions of the subsurface ocean in Europa, carbon dioxide clathrate should sink, and therefore not be apparent at the surface. The hydrate structures are stable at different pressure-temperature conditions depending on the guest molecule. Here is given one Mars-related phase diagram of CO hydrate, combined with those of pure CO and water (Genov 2005). CO hydrate has