Hans Lippershey that time he became a master lens grinder and spectacle maker and established a shop. He remained in Middelburg until his death, in September 1619. Hans Lippershey is known for the earliest written record of a refracting telescope, a patent he filed in 1608. His work with optical devices grew out of his work as a spectacle maker, an industry that had started in Venice and Florence in the thirteenth century, and later expanded to the Netherlands and Germany. Lippershey applied to the States General of the Netherlands on 2 October 1608 for a patent for his instrument ""for seeing
Adriaan Metius the university in 1603 and 1632. With his father and brother he established an instrument making business which specialised in optical instruments. The family business seems to have manufactured the precision Jacob's staffs used by Tycho Brahe for his star sightings. He died in Franeker. Though he scoffed at astrology, Metius is said to have spent a lot of time pursuing alchemy, especially the philosophers' stone. Metius published treatises on the astrolabe and on surveying. His works include "Arithmeticæ et geometriæ practica" (1611), "Institutiones Astronomicae Geographicae", and "Arithmeticæ libri duo: et geometriæ libri VI" (1640). Metius also manufactured astronomical instruments