Gates of hell unearthed by Italian archaeologists is said to be the entry gate to the Underworld; it is linked to the Greco-Roman mythology and tradition. Rivers Cocytus, Lethe, Phlegethon and Styx were also entrances to the Underworld. The god Hades kidnapped the goddess Persephone from a field in Sicily and led her to the Underworld through a cleft in the earth so he could marry her. Into the medieval period, Mount Etna on Sicily was considered to be an entryway to hell. The gates of hell were commonly depicted as jaws, forming the Hellmouth, which was simultaneously the entrance to hell and
Hell Is the Absence of God a liberal intellectual". Ken Liu wrote "Single-Bit Error", a short story published in 2009, in response to "Hell Is the Absence of God". Hell Is the Absence of God "Hell Is the Absence of God" is a 2001 fantasy novelette by American writer Ted Chiang, first published in , and subsequently reprinted in "Year's Best Fantasy 2", and in "Fantasy: The Best of 2001", as well as in Chiang's 2002 anthology, "Stories of Your Life and Others". "Hell Is" won the 2002 Hugo Award for Best Novelette, the Nebula Award for Best Novelette, and the Locus Award for Best Novelette.