Krapp's Last Tape performance, both of which have been shown on television. There have been several musical adaptations of "Krapp's Last Tape", most notably the opera "Krapp, ou, La dernière bande" by composer Marcel Mihalovici. American composer Earl Kim alludes to the work within his "Gooseberries, she said" (1967), part of the four-part cycle "Exercises en Route". The Hungarian composer Gyula Csapó has created the work "Krapp's Last Tape –- after Samuel Beckett" (1975) loosely inspired by Beckett's play. This theatrical work is for a "violinist-actor," a tape recorder, four spotlights and a sine wave generator. In 1999, the English experimental composer, Michael
Krapp's Last Tape first draft. The first appearance of a title was "a manuscript edition to Typescript 2: "Crapp’s Last Tape""; the more familiar Germanic spelling came later. The name Krapp with its excremental connotations had been used before by Beckett however. In his first play, "Eleutheria", dating back to 1947, the protagonist is Victor Krap, a young man who has decided to retreat from life and do nothing. He has been described as a world-weary anti-hero, a failed writer and seedy solipsist, a clear prototype for the later Krapp. When the thirty-nine-year-old Krapp is talking about his neighbour's ritual singing in the