French presidential elections under the Fifth Republic French presidential elections under the Fifth Republic There have been eleven presidential elections in France since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958. Originally the president was elected by the Collège des Notables (an assembly of "notable electors") that included around 80,000 county and city/town councillors (who had been elected locally). Following the 1962 de Gaulle's constitutional reform (the constitutional Act of November 6, 1962) the president has been directly elected by the people of France. Until the French constitutional revision of September 24, 2000, the president had been elected for a seven-year term. Under this revision the term
The Museum of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan The Museum of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan The Museum of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Тұңғыш Президент мұражайы) is a museum situated in Astana. It was established by Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan on August 28, 2004. It is located on 11 Beibitshilik Street, in Astana. The museum was founded on the basis of the "Library of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan" by presidential decree on November 4, 2016. The status of one of the leading divisions of the library received from that time. The