Kiwifruit industry in New Zealand level of infection by November 2011. Some of the attacks in the Bay of Plenty were by the virulent strain PSA-V. The disease is worldwide, with serious attacks in Italy and France also in 2011. In mid-2013 a China-based Zespri subsidiary was fined nearly $1M for under-declaring customs duties, and the Serious Fraud Office launched an investigation into Zespri itself in October 2013. Much of the breeding to refine the green kiwifruit and develop the gold Zespri was done by the Plant & Food Research Institute (formerly HortResearch) during the decades of 1970-1999. In 1990, the New Zealand Kiwifruit Marketing
Great spotted kiwi and will also eat plants. Great spotted kiwi breed between June and March. The egg is the largest of all birds in proportion to the size of the bird. Chicks take 75 to 85 days to hatch, and after hatching, they are abandoned by their parents. This large kiwi is one of five species of kiwis residing in New Zealand. The other four are the tokoeka ("Apteryx australis"), Okarito brown kiwi ("Apteryx rowi"), little spotted kiwi ("Apteryx owenii"), and North Island brown kiwi ("Apteryx mantelli"). Great spotted kiwis are related most closely to the little spotted kiwi. The kiwi genus,