Key signature key signatures showing sharps or flats on both octaves for notes which fall within the staff. An accidental is an exception to the key signature, applying only to the measure and octave in which it appears. Although a key signature may be written using any combination of sharp and flat symbols, the most common series of thirteen homogeneous key signatures—ranging from six flats to six sharps, with each successive flat or sharp placed on the note a perfect fifth below or above, respectively, the previous one—is assumed in much of this article. A piece scored using a single diatonic key
Blind signature the signer's public key which the attacker wants to learn more about. When the attacker removes the blindness the signed version they will have the clear text: where formula_3 is the encrypted version of the message. When the message is signed, the cleartext formula_11 is easily extracted: Note that formula_17 refers to Euler's totient function. The message is now easily obtained. This attack works because in this blind signature scheme the signer signs the message directly. By contrast, in an unblinded signature scheme the signer would typically use a padding scheme (e.g. by instead signing the result of a cryptographic