Singapore in Malaysia Federation, leading to the independence of Singapore on 9 August 1965. Racial tensions increased dramatically within a year. They were fuelled by the Barisan Sosialis's tactics of stirring up communal sentiment as the pro-Communist party sought to use means to survive against the crackdown by both the government of Singapore and the Federal Government. In particular, despite the Malaysian government conceding citizenship to the many Chinese immigrants after independence, in Singapore the Chinese disdained the Federal policies of affirmative action, which granted special privileges to the Malays guaranteed under Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia. These included financial and
Federation of Poles in Great Britain Federation of Poles in Great Britain The Federation of Poles in Great Britain () is an organisation established to promote the interests of Poles in the United Kingdom and to promote the history of Poland and the culture of Poland among the British people. Detailed information about the goals and its general direction is contained in the Federation's Statutes. The Federation of Poles in Great Britain (FPGB) started in 1946, when the British Government formally withdrew recognition of the Polish Government in Exile. From that time until 1990, the Federation represented the interests of the Polish immigration with respect to