Phoenix breakwaters Phoenix breakwaters The Phoenix breakwaters were a set of reinforced concrete caissons built as part of the artificial Mulberry harbours that were assembled as part of the follow-up to the Normandy landings during World War II. They were constructed by civil engineering contractors around the coast of Britain. They were collected at Dungeness and Selsey, and then towed by tugboats across the English Channel and sunk to form the Mulberry harbour breakwaters replacing the initial "Gooseberry" block ships. Further caisson were added in the autumn of 1944 to re-enforce the existing structure to cope with the harbour continuing in use
Order of battle for the American airborne landings in Normandy RAF Exeter Brig. Gen. Harold L. Clark at RAF Cottesmore Brig. Gen. Maurice M. Beach at RAF Greenham Common German chain of command Supreme Command West: Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt Army Group B: Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel Seventh Army: Generaloberst Friedrich Dollman (died 28 June) LXXXIV Corps: General der Artillerie Erich Marcks (KIA 12 June) Order of battle for the American airborne landings in Normandy The Order of battle for the American airborne landings in Normandy is a list of the units immediately available for combat on the Cotentin Peninsula between June 6, 1944, and June 15, 1944, during the American