Nicolaus Copernicus "Almagest" circa 150 CE; the Earth was the stationary center of the universe. Stars were embedded in a large outer sphere which rotated rapidly, approximately daily, while each of the planets, the Sun, and the Moon were embedded in their own, smaller spheres. Ptolemy's system employed devices, including epicycles, deferents and equants, to account for observations that the paths of these bodies differed from simple, circular orbits centered on the Earth. Copernicus' major work on his heliocentric theory was "Dē revolutionibus orbium coelestium" ("On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres"), published in the year of his death, 1543. He had
The Line of the Sun or American literature, which Socolovsky states can be a "common trope for understanding U.S. multicultural writers." The Line of the Sun The Line of the Sun, also titled "La Línea del Sol" in the Spanish translation, is a 1989 novel written by Puerto Rican-American author Judith Ortiz Cofer. The novel was originally published in English and tells the story of a Puerto Rican family who emigrates to the United States. The story depicts the cultural, social, and personal struggles of the family members to maintain their native culture in Puerto Rico and their new way of life in both the