Kiwifruit industry in New Zealand level of infection by November 2011. Some of the attacks in the Bay of Plenty were by the virulent strain PSA-V. The disease is worldwide, with serious attacks in Italy and France also in 2011. In mid-2013 a China-based Zespri subsidiary was fined nearly $1M for under-declaring customs duties, and the Serious Fraud Office launched an investigation into Zespri itself in October 2013. Much of the breeding to refine the green kiwifruit and develop the gold Zespri was done by the Plant & Food Research Institute (formerly HortResearch) during the decades of 1970-1999. In 1990, the New Zealand Kiwifruit Marketing
Kiwifruit Kiwifruit Kiwifruit (often abbreviated as kiwi), or Chinese gooseberry, is the edible berry of several species of woody vines in the genus "Actinidia". The most common cultivar group of kiwifruit ('Hayward') is oval, about the size of a large hen's egg ( in length and in diameter). It has a fibrous, dull greenish-brown skin and bright green or golden flesh with rows of tiny, black, edible seeds. The fruit has a soft texture with a sweet and unique flavour. China produced 56% of the world total of kiwifruit in 2016. The word "kiwifruit" and the shortened "kiwi" have been used