French presidential elections under the Fifth Republic French presidential elections under the Fifth Republic There have been eleven presidential elections in France since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958. Originally the president was elected by the Collège des Notables (an assembly of "notable electors") that included around 80,000 county and city/town councillors (who had been elected locally). Following the 1962 de Gaulle's constitutional reform (the constitutional Act of November 6, 1962) the president has been directly elected by the people of France. Until the French constitutional revision of September 24, 2000, the president had been elected for a seven-year term. Under this revision the term
Coat of arms of the President of the Republic of Macedonia Coat of arms of the President of the Republic of Macedonia The coat of arms of the President of the Republic of Macedonia is the official coat of arms of the President of the Republic of Macedonia. It was adopted 2 December 2009, modified by the president Gorge Ivanov and produced by the Macedonian Heraldry Society. The coat of arms is made of the flag of the Republic of Macedonia on a shield, and below the shield there is a wreath of Macedonian Oak with sixteen leaves and sixteen acorns in total. The colours are the national colours of Macedonia,