Znamensk, Astrakhan Oblast division, the closed administrative-territorial formation of Znamensk is incorporated as Znamensk Urban Okrug. The town has twenty-one kindergartens, four middle schools, two gymnasium schools, a sports facility, and a branch of the Astrakhan State Institute. Railway station "Razyezd 85 km" on the Volgograd-Astrakhan railway branch is located in the town. Znamensk, Astrakhan Oblast Znamensk () is a closed town in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. Population: It was founded in 1948 as Kapustin Yar-1 to serve a missile test range known as Kapustin Yar. Town status was granted in 1962. The closed town was renamed Znamensk in 1992. The military testing range
Astrakhan Khanate the Mongol conquest the western steppe broke off and became the Golden Horde (c1240-1502). In the fifteenth century parts of the Horde broke off as follows: 1438: Khanate of Kazan, 1449: Khanate of Crimea, 1466: Astrakhan, 1480: Russia. The steppe remnant ended in 1502 and steppe peoples around Astrakhan became the Nogai Horde. Most of the population of the Astrakhan khanate were Astrakhan Tatars and Nogays. Merchants carried on a transit trade between Muscovy, Kazan, Crimea, Central Asia, and the Transcaucasus region. The nobility consisted of feudal ranks, which were, from highest to lowest: the khan, sultans, begs and morzalar.