French Fourth Republic Charles de Gaulle returned from retirement to preside over a transitional administration that was empowered to design a new French constitution. The Fourth Republic was dissolved by a public referendum on 5 October 1958 which established the modern-day Fifth Republic with a strengthened presidency. After the liberation of France in 1944, the Vichy government was dissolved and the Provisional Government of the French Republic () was instituted. With most of the political class discredited and containing many members who had more or less collaborated with Nazi Germany, Gaullism and communism became the most popular political forces in France. Charles deGaulle
The Museum of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan The Museum of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan The Museum of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Тұңғыш Президент мұражайы) is a museum situated in Astana. It was established by Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan on August 28, 2004. It is located on 11 Beibitshilik Street, in Astana. The museum was founded on the basis of the "Library of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan" by presidential decree on November 4, 2016. The status of one of the leading divisions of the library received from that time. The