Lithium atom Lithium atom A lithium atom is an atom of the chemical element lithium. Lithium is composed of three electrons bound by the electromagnetic force to a nucleus containing three protons along with either three or four neutrons, depending on the isotope, held together by the strong force. Similarly to the case of the helium atom, a closed-form solution to the Schrödinger equation for the lithium atom has not been found. However, various approximations, such as the Hartree–Fock method, can be used to estimate the ground state energy and wavefunction of the atom. The quantum defect is a value that describes
Empire of the Atom Empire of the Atom Empire of the Atom is a science fiction novel by Canadian American writer A. E. van Vogt. It was first published in 1957 by Shasta Publishers in an edition of 2,000 copies. The novel is a fix-up of the first five of van Vogt's Gods stories which originally appeared in the magazine "Astounding". The remaining Gods stories are collected in "The Wizard of Linn". Author and critic James Blish observed that the plot of the Gods stories resembled that of Robert Graves' "Claudius" novels. Author and critic Damon Knight said that the plot was "lifted almost