Calcium CH ligand with the bulkier C(CH) ligand on the other hand increases the compound's solubility, volatility, and kinetic stability. Natural calcium is a mixture of five stable isotopes (Ca, Ca, Ca, Ca, and Ca) and one isotope with a half-life so long that it can be considered stable for all practical purposes (Ca, with a half-life of about 4.3 × 10 years). Calcium is the first (lightest) element to have six naturally occurring isotopes. By far the most common isotope of calcium in nature is Ca, which makes up 96.941% of all natural calcium. It is produced in the silicon-burning
Calcium imaging dye in all cells or selectively in certain cellular subtypes. GECIs have been used in the studies of neuron, T-cell, cardiomyocyte, etc. Regardless of the type of indicator used the imaging procedure is generally very similar. Isolated cells loaded with an indicator or expressing it in the case of GECI, can be viewed using a fluorescence microscope and captured by a Scientific CMOS (sCMOS) camera or CCD camera. Confocal and two-photon microscopes provide improved sectioning ability so that calcium signals can be resolved in micro domains or (for example) synaptic boutons. Images are analyzed by measuring fluorescence intensity changes for