Key signature may consist of one or more sharps combined with one or more flats (such as a signature containing both F and B). Key signatures of this kind can be found in the music of Béla Bartók, for example. The effect of a key signature continues throughout a piece or movement, unless explicitly cancelled by another key signature. For example, if a five-sharp key signature is placed at the beginning of a piece, every A in the piece in any octave will be played as A sharp, unless preceded by an accidental (for instance, the A in scale 2 illustrated –
Blind signature the signer's public key which the attacker wants to learn more about. When the attacker removes the blindness the signed version they will have the clear text: where formula_3 is the encrypted version of the message. When the message is signed, the cleartext formula_11 is easily extracted: Note that formula_17 refers to Euler's totient function. The message is now easily obtained. This attack works because in this blind signature scheme the signer signs the message directly. By contrast, in an unblinded signature scheme the signer would typically use a padding scheme (e.g. by instead signing the result of a cryptographic