Hundred Days' Reform in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894–1895, not long after the First (1839–1842) and Second (1856–1860) Opium Wars; this blow came as a major shock to the Chinese, because Japan had been regarded as a tributary state, was much smaller than China, and was regarded as inferior. China also fought France in the Sino-French War from 1884 to 1885. Moreover, the defeat of China by Japan led to a scramble for "privileges" in China by other foreign powers, notably by the German Empire and Russia, further awakening the conservatives. Before the First Sino-Japanese War, China engaged in technological modernization only,
From Mao to Mozart: Isaac Stern in China the time only ten years old) is featured briefly. Jian Wang has gone on to international stardom. Another performer, violinist Vera Tsu Weiling, was featured playing "Caprice after a study in the form of a waltz" by Saint-Saens, arranged by Ysaÿe. The film won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1981. It was also screened out of competition at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival. The Academy Film Archive preserved "Mao to Mozart" in 2000. From Mao to Mozart: Isaac Stern in China From Mao to Mozart: Isaac Stern in China is a 1979 documentary film about Western culture