Calcium pump Calcium pump Calcium pumps are a family of ion transporters found in the cell membrane of all animal cells. They are responsible for the active transport of calcium out of the cell for the maintenance of the steep Ca electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane. Calcium pumps play a crucial role in proper cell signalling by keeping the intracellular calcium concentration roughly 10,000 times lower than the extracellular concentration. Failure to do so is one cause of muscle cramps. The plasma membrane Ca ATPase and the sodium-calcium exchanger are together the main regulators of intracellular Ca concentrations. Ca has many
Calcium/cholecalciferol Calcium/cholecalciferol Calcium/cholecalciferol is a combination of a calcium salt (usually calcium carbonate) and vitamin D (cholecalciferol), available under many brand names and in many forms such as chewable tablets, coated tablets, and effervescent tablets. It is used to prevent and treat lack of calcium and vitamin D in the elderly, as well as adjunctive therapy for osteoporosis. Possible side effects include gastrointestinal problems, for example nausea and constipation. If very high doses are taken, signs of hypercalcaemia (too high blood calcium levels) have been described, such as stomach pain, vomiting, thirst, and tiredness. Extreme or long-term or overdose can theoretically