West Germany by World War II to become the world's third-largest economy. The first chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who remained in office until 1963, had worked for a full alignment with NATO rather than neutrality. He not only secured a membership in NATO but was also a proponent of agreements that developed into the present-day European Union. When the G6 was established in 1975, there was no question whether the Federal Republic of Germany would be a member as well. Following the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989, symbolised by the opening of the Berlin Wall, there was a
The Spy Who Came in from the Cold 100 Novels" by "Time" magazine. In 1965, Martin Ritt directed the cinematic adaptation "The Spy Who Came in from the Cold", with Richard Burton as Leamas. "The Spy Who Came in from the Cold" occurs during the heightened tensions that characterized the late 1950s and early 1960s Cold War, when a Warsaw Pact–NATO war sparked in Germany seemed likely. The story begins and concludes in East Germany, about a year after the completion of the Berlin Wall and around the time when double-agent Heinz Felfe was exposed and tried. In "Call for the Dead", le Carré's debut novel, a key