Neutron star to neutrons, or ultra-dense quark-degenerate matter. Neutron stars are detected from their electromagnetic radiation. Neutron stars are usually observed to pulse radio waves and other electromagnetic radiation, and neutron stars observed with pulses are called pulsars. Pulsars' radiation is thought to be caused by particle acceleration near their magnetic poles, which need not be aligned with the rotational axis of the neutron star. It is thought that a large electrostatic field builds up near the magnetic poles, leading to electron emission. These electrons are magnetically accelerated along the field lines, leading to curvature radiation, with the radiation being strongly polarized
Beam tracing acoustic modelling and electromagnetic propagation modelling. In both of these applications, beams are used as an efficient way to track deep reflections from a source to a receiver (or vice versa). Beams can provide a convenient and compact way to represent visibility. Once a beam tree has been calculated, one can use it to readily account for moving transmitters or receivers. Beam tracing is related in concept to cone tracing. Beam tracing Beam tracing is an algorithm to simulate wave propagation. It was developed in the context of computer graphics to render 3D scenes, but it has been also used