Hundred Days' Reform in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894–1895, not long after the First (1839–1842) and Second (1856–1860) Opium Wars; this blow came as a major shock to the Chinese, because Japan had been regarded as a tributary state, was much smaller than China, and was regarded as inferior. China also fought France in the Sino-French War from 1884 to 1885. Moreover, the defeat of China by Japan led to a scramble for "privileges" in China by other foreign powers, notably by the German Empire and Russia, further awakening the conservatives. Before the First Sino-Japanese War, China engaged in technological modernization only,
High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China that there were still worker and farmer students in the school. The school started admitting 9th grade from 1960. Which means that the school had transferred itself from a senior high only High School to a junior high included high school. The name of the school was finally decided to be "High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China". With the last group of worker and farmer students graduated in 1963, the school's teaching system was settled. Anti-intellectualism flourished in mainland China in the 1970s due to the well-known cultural revolution. As one of the many victims, Renmin University of