Confederate States of America diplomat to the Confederacy. Those nations recognized the Union and Confederate sides as belligerents. In 1863 the Confederacy expelled European diplomatic missions for advising their resident subjects to refuse to serve in the Confederate army. Both Confederate and Union agents were allowed to work openly in British territories. Some state governments in northern Mexico negotiated local agreements to cover trade on the Texas border. Pope Pius IX wrote a letter to Jefferson Davis in which he addressed Davis as the "Honorable President of the Confederate States of America". The Confederacy appointed Ambrose Dudley Mann as special agent to the Holy
Confederate States Department of the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery was responsible for the operation of several medical facilities in Southern ports. This department was managed by William A. W. Spotswood throughout its entire extistence from April 10, 1861 to April 1865. The Confederate Marine Corps was established by an act of the Provisional Congress on March 16, 1861. As originally legislated the Confederate Marine Corps was to be a battalion-sized force of six companies and a headquarters element led by a major. The Corps was later expanded into a regiment following an act of the Provisional Congress on May 20, 1861; this was spurred