Galileo Galilei the use of the compasses for 120 lire. In about 1593, Galileo constructed a thermometer, using the expansion and contraction of air in a bulb to move water in an attached tube. In 1609, Galileo was, along with Englishman Thomas Harriot and others, among the first to use a refracting telescope as an instrument to observe stars, planets or moons. The name "telescope" was coined for Galileo's instrument by a Greek mathematician, Giovanni Demisiani, at a banquet held in 1611 by Prince Federico Cesi to make Galileo a member of his Accademia dei Lincei. The name was derived from the
Adriaan Metius the university in 1603 and 1632. With his father and brother he established an instrument making business which specialised in optical instruments. The family business seems to have manufactured the precision Jacob's staffs used by Tycho Brahe for his star sightings. He died in Franeker. Though he scoffed at astrology, Metius is said to have spent a lot of time pursuing alchemy, especially the philosophers' stone. Metius published treatises on the astrolabe and on surveying. His works include "Arithmeticæ et geometriæ practica" (1611), "Institutiones Astronomicae Geographicae", and "Arithmeticæ libri duo: et geometriæ libri VI" (1640). Metius also manufactured astronomical instruments