Forces on sails (3 m) = 5-m/s (≈10-knot) wind at 3 m above the water would be approximately "V" (15 m) = 6 m/s (≈12 knots) at 15 m above the water. In hurricane-force winds with "V" (3 m) = 40-m/s (≈78 knots) the speed at 15 m would be "V" (15 m) = 49 m/s (≈95 knots) with "p" = 0.128. This suggests that sails that reach higher above the surface can be subject to stronger wind forces that move the centre of effort ("CE" ) higher above the surface and increase the heeling moment. Additionally, apparent wind direction moves aft with
MESO-SAILS SAILS many times: MESO-SAILS (Multiple Elevation Scan Option for SAILS). These additional supplemental low-level elevation scans are evenly spaced, in time (as close as possible given the defined VCP rotation rates), throughout the volume scan. The radar operator may choose 1 to 3 extra scans, depending on the weather situation. This lengthens the time of the total scan but provide low level coverage more often. During the Summer of 2013, the Radar Operations Center, in order to facilitate "Proof of Concept" testing of MESO-SAILS, defined two VCPs that were based on VCP-12 that included hardcoded additional low-level split-cut scans. For