Smallpox 1718. In 1721, Cotton Mather and colleagues provoked controversy in Boston by inoculating hundreds. In 1796, Edward Jenner, a doctor in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, rural England, discovered that immunity to smallpox could be produced by inoculating a person with material from a cowpox lesion. Cowpox is a poxvirus in the same family as variola. Jenner called the material used for inoculation vaccine, from the root word "vacca", which is Latin for cow. The procedure was much safer than variolation, and did not involve a risk of smallpox transmission. Vaccination to prevent smallpox was soon practiced all over the world. During the
To the Youth in Western Countries and the 2015 Beirut bombings. As of December 26, 2015, the letter has been translated to 62 languages in a collaborative effort conducted by The Representative of the Supreme Leader in the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Al-Mustafa International University graduates, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the IRIB World Service and the countries' respective embassies. In about two thousand words, Khamenei discussed the reasons for the worldwide wave of terrorism, calling it "our common worry". Among them he noted the impact that major Western powers had with their military operations in the Islamic world. He mentioned United States's alleged role in