Atom to the positively charged nucleus by the attraction created from opposite electric charges. If an atom has more or fewer electrons than its atomic number, then it becomes respectively negatively or positively charged as a whole; a charged atom is called an ion. Electrons have been known since the late 19th century, mostly thanks to J.J. Thomson; see history of subatomic physics for details. Protons have a positive charge and a mass 1,836 times that of the electron, at . The number of protons in an atom is called its atomic number. Ernest Rutherford (1919) observed that nitrogen under alpha-particle
Atom (Ray Palmer) to restore the natives of Kandor to their full height, but is instead tricked into reviving a twisted Kryptonian cult, whose leader proceeds to crush Palmer and Kandor. Other re-imaginings of the Atom include an appearance in "League of Justice", an Elseworlds story portraying the Justice League in a "The Lord of the Rings"-type story where the Atom was recast as a wizard/fortune teller called "Atomus The Palmer". In "", Ray Palmer worked with a science consortium whose members at one point included Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla. In "JLA: Rock Of Ages", the Atom is part of what remains