Krapp's Last Tape performance, both of which have been shown on television. There have been several musical adaptations of "Krapp's Last Tape", most notably the opera "Krapp, ou, La dernière bande" by composer Marcel Mihalovici. American composer Earl Kim alludes to the work within his "Gooseberries, she said" (1967), part of the four-part cycle "Exercises en Route". The Hungarian composer Gyula Csapó has created the work "Krapp's Last Tape –- after Samuel Beckett" (1975) loosely inspired by Beckett's play. This theatrical work is for a "violinist-actor," a tape recorder, four spotlights and a sine wave generator. In 1999, the English experimental composer, Michael
Theatre of the Absurd plots of many Absurdist plays feature characters in interdependent pairs, commonly either two males or a male and a female. Some Beckett scholars call this the "pseudocouple". The two characters may be roughly equal or have a begrudging interdependence (like Vladimir and Estragon in "Waiting for Godot" or the two main characters in "Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead"); one character may be clearly dominant and may torture the passive character (like Pozzo and Lucky in "Waiting for Godot" or Hamm and Clov in "Endgame"); the relationship of the characters may shift dramatically throughout the play (as in Ionesco's "The Lesson"