Opium Wars Opium Wars The Opium Wars were two wars in the mid-19th century involving China and the British Empire over the British trade of opium and China's sovereignty. The clashes included the First Opium War (1839–1842) and the Second Opium War (1856–1860). The wars and events between them weakened the Qing dynasty and forced China to trade with the other parts of the world. In 1820, China's economy was the largest in the world, according to British economist Angus Maddison. Within a decade after the end of the Second Opium War, China's share of global GDP had fallen by half. In
From China to Canada "" "are welcome additions to the continuing and changing Chinese phase in social science and history." Roy wrote that it "is an impressive work of scholarship and is an essential resource for anyone doing research on the Chinese in Canada or comparing the experience of the Chinese with that of other ethnic communities." Roy stated that the footnotes have some "careless" mistakes, and that the large amount of organizations mentioned may give too much detail for the readers. From China to Canada From China to Canada: A History of the Chinese Communities in Canada is a 1982 book edited by