French Fourth Republic Charles de Gaulle returned from retirement to preside over a transitional administration that was empowered to design a new French constitution. The Fourth Republic was dissolved by a public referendum on 5 October 1958 which established the modern-day Fifth Republic with a strengthened presidency. After the liberation of France in 1944, the Vichy government was dissolved and the Provisional Government of the French Republic () was instituted. With most of the political class discredited and containing many members who had more or less collaborated with Nazi Germany, Gaullism and communism became the most popular political forces in France. Charles deGaulle
Coat of arms of the President of the Republic of Macedonia Coat of arms of the President of the Republic of Macedonia The coat of arms of the President of the Republic of Macedonia is the official coat of arms of the President of the Republic of Macedonia. It was adopted 2 December 2009, modified by the president Gorge Ivanov and produced by the Macedonian Heraldry Society. The coat of arms is made of the flag of the Republic of Macedonia on a shield, and below the shield there is a wreath of Macedonian Oak with sixteen leaves and sixteen acorns in total. The colours are the national colours of Macedonia,