Water splitting to replicate the natural process of photosynthesis, converting sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen. Recently, this has been successful in splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using an artificial compound called Nafion. High-temperature electrolysis (also HTE or steam electrolysis) is a method currently being investigated for the production of hydrogen from water with oxygen as a by-product. Other research includes thermolysis on defective carbon substrates, thus making hydrogen production possible at temperatures just under 1000 °C. The iron oxide cycle is a series of thermochemical processes used to produce hydrogen. The iron oxide cycle consists of two
Carbon dioxide clathrate becomes clear that all the above-mentioned speculations rest on extremely unstable bases. On Enceladus decomposition of carbon dioxide clathrate is a possible way to explain the formation of gas plumes. In Europa (moon), clathrate should be important for storing carbon dioxide. In the conditions of the subsurface ocean in Europa, carbon dioxide clathrate should sink, and therefore not be apparent at the surface. The hydrate structures are stable at different pressure-temperature conditions depending on the guest molecule. Here is given one Mars-related phase diagram of CO hydrate, combined with those of pure CO and water (Genov 2005). CO hydrate has