French Fourth Republic Charles de Gaulle returned from retirement to preside over a transitional administration that was empowered to design a new French constitution. The Fourth Republic was dissolved by a public referendum on 5 October 1958 which established the modern-day Fifth Republic with a strengthened presidency. After the liberation of France in 1944, the Vichy government was dissolved and the Provisional Government of the French Republic () was instituted. With most of the political class discredited and containing many members who had more or less collaborated with Nazi Germany, Gaullism and communism became the most popular political forces in France. Charles deGaulle
Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic The Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic, MOPR (Czech: Vojenská kancelář prezidenta republiky, VKPR) is the official military department of the President of the Czech Republic. It serves as a separate entity from the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic and the Prague Castle Guard, although, it controls most of the activities of the Castle Guard. It mostly fulfils tasks by order of the President of the Czech Republic, in accordance with Section 26 of Act No. 219, which describes the president in his/her authority as commander in