Znamensk, Astrakhan Oblast division, the closed administrative-territorial formation of Znamensk is incorporated as Znamensk Urban Okrug. The town has twenty-one kindergartens, four middle schools, two gymnasium schools, a sports facility, and a branch of the Astrakhan State Institute. Railway station "Razyezd 85 km" on the Volgograd-Astrakhan railway branch is located in the town. Znamensk, Astrakhan Oblast Znamensk () is a closed town in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. Population: It was founded in 1948 as Kapustin Yar-1 to serve a missile test range known as Kapustin Yar. Town status was granted in 1962. The closed town was renamed Znamensk in 1992. The military testing range
Astrakhan Khanate Crimea (Mehmed I Giray in 1523 and Sahib I Giray in 1549). The khanate traditionally had military and diplomatic relations with Crimea, the Nogais and sometimes the Circassians. Diplomatic contact with Moscow began in 1532 or earlier. About this time Moscow was expanding east toward Kazan which it conquered in 1552. It also was gaining the power to exert force down the Volga between Kazan and Astrakhan, something that is not explained in the sources. In 1551 Yamghurchi of Astrakhan made a nominal submission to Moscow. He soon changed sides and allied with Crimea and the Nogais. Russia sent 30000