French Fifth Republic French Fifth Republic The Fifth Republic, France's current republican system of government, was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958. The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic, replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential, or dual-executive, system that split powers between a Prime Minister as head of government and a President as head of state. De Gaulle, who was the first French President elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958, believed in a strong head of state, which he described as embodying ("the spirit of
Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic to power in the country. Its functions were restored in 1990 following the fall of communism and the dissolution of Czech Republic. Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic The Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic, MOPR (Czech: Vojenská kancelář prezidenta republiky, VKPR) is the official military department of the President of the Czech Republic. It serves as a separate entity from the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic and the Prague Castle Guard, although, it controls most of the activities of the Castle Guard. It mostly fulfils tasks by order of the President of