Nintendo tumbler puzzle Nintendo tumbler puzzle The Nintendo tumbler puzzle, also known as the "Ten Billion Barrel" in English and originally in Japanese, is a mathematical puzzle in the style of Rubik's Cube. It was invented by Gunpei Yokoi of Nintendo in 1980 and was covered by (until the patent expired in March 1995 due to non-payment of a maintenance fee). It consists of a "cylinder" of transparent plastic divided into six levels, together with a black plastic "frame". The frame consists of upper and lower discs that are joined together through the middle of the cylinder. The top and bottom levels of
Mathematics and architecture components, the vaults are all composed of triangular sections of spherical shells with the same radius. These have the required uniform curvature in every direction. The late twentieth century movement "Deconstructivism" creates deliberate disorder with what Nikos Salingaros in "A Theory of Architecture" calls random forms of high complexity by using non-parallel walls, superimposed grids and complex 2-D surfaces, as in Frank Gehry's Disney Concert Hall and Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao. Until the twentieth century, architecture students were obliged to have a grounding in mathematics. Salingaros argues that first "overly simplistic, politically-driven" Modernism and then "anti-scientific" Deconstructivism have effectively separated architecture