Bt brinjal fruit and shoot borer larvae feed on Bt brinjal plants, they ingest the Bt protein Cry1Ac along with plant tissue. In the insect gut, which is alkaline with a pH >9.5, the protein is solubilized and activated by gut proteases. The Bt protein binds to specific receptor proteins present in the insect membrane, resulting in pore formation in the membranes. This leads to disruption of digestive processes, paralysis, and subsequent death of the fruit and shoot borer larvae. The first agreement to develop Bt Brinjal was signed in 2005 between India’s leading seed company, Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company, better known
Fruit by the Foot and flavors are used to synthesize the various flavors that Fruit by the Foot offers; for example, the strawberry variety contains no actual strawberries. Meanwhile, the British equivalent, Kellogg's Fruit Winders, contains real strawberry purée and uses plant-based colorants. Fruit by the Foot contains no protein, fiber, iron, calcium, or Vitamin A. Since the 1990s, the paper backing has been printed with games, jokes, or trivia facts – though not all flavors have it, such as 'Rippin Berry Berry', and 'Berry Tie-dye'. In early 1999, Nintendo and General Mills worked together on a promotional television advertising campaign costing $5 million.