-stan "koborsthan" ( "") "graveyard/cemetery", known as "Qabaristan" as (). Originally an independent noun, this morpheme evolved into a suffix by virtue of appearing frequently as the last part in nominal compounds. It is of Indo-Iranian and ultimately Indo-European origin: It is cognate with Sanskrit "" (Devanagari: ), meaning "the act of standing", from which many further meanings derive, including "place, location; abode, dwelling", and ultimately descends from Proto-Indo-Iranian . The Proto-Indo-European root from which this noun is derived is (older reconstruction ) "to stand" (or "to stand up, to step (somewhere), to position (oneself)"), which is also the source of
Esperanto words with the suffix -um (from "reto" 'net, Internet'), and "urbumi" 'to go into town' (from "urbo" 'town, city'). These latter words are not yet in dictionaries. The following is a fairly complete list of words with a reasonable degree of acceptance and that have not been covered above. Esperanto words with the suffix -um Esperanto derivation is for the most part regular and predictable: One can normally understand new words that are built upon known roots, and can create new words on the fly while speaking. However, there is a suffix "-um-" that has no inherent meaning, but derives words that cannot be readily