Integer triangle cosine equals 0, ±1/2, or ±1. The only ones of these giving an angle strictly between 0° and 180° are the cosine value 1/2 with the angle 60°, the cosine value –1/2 with the angle 120°, and the cosine value 0 with the angle 90°. The only combination of three of these, allowing multiple use of any of them and summing to 180°, is three 60° angles. Conditions are known in terms of elliptic curves for an integer triangle to have an integer ratio "N" of the circumradius to the inradius. The smallest case, that of the equilateral triangle, has
Triangle (in fact, this formula holds for "all" tangential polygons), and where formula_59 are the radii of the excircles tangent to sides "a, b, c" respectively. We also have and for circumdiameter "D"; and for angle α ≠ 90°. The area can also be expressed as In 1885, Baker gave a collection of over a hundred distinct area formulas for the triangle. These include: for circumradius (radius of the circumcircle) "R", and The area "T" of any triangle with perimeter "p" satisfies with equality holding if and only if the triangle is equilateral. Other upper bounds on the area "T" are