Total quality management of what TQM entails. During the 1990s, standards bodies in Belgium, France, Germany, Turkey, and the United Kingdom attempted to standardize TQM. While many of these standards have since been explicitly withdrawn, they all are effectively superseded by ISO 9000: Interest in TQM as an academic subject peaked around 1993. The Federal Quality Institute was shuttered in September 1995 as part of the Clinton administration's efforts to streamline government. The European Centre for Total Quality Management closed in August 2009, a casualty of the Great Recession. TQM as a vaguely defined quality management approach was largely supplanted by the ISO
Electronic Commerce Code Management Association for industrial data. ECCMA is a Type A Liaison organization to ISO TC 184/SC 4. Electronic Commerce Code Management Association The Electronic Commerce Code Management Association (ECCMA) is an international not for profit membership association founded in 1999 with mission to research, develop and promote better quality data for use in electronic commerce. The Association first developed the United Nations Standard Products and Services Code (UNSPSC) as a global commodity classification and went on to develop the ECCMA Open Technical Dictionary (eOTD) to allow the creation and exchange of unambiguous, language independent master data, data that identifies and describes individuals,