Barium fluoride Barium fluoride Barium fluoride (BaF) is a chemical compound of barium and fluorine and is a salt. It is a solid which can be a transparent crystal. It occurs in nature as the mineral frankdicksonite. The solid adopts the fluorite structure and at high pressure the PbCl structure. In the vapor phase the BaF molecule is non-linear with an F-Ba-F angle of approximately 108°. This is an exception to VSEPR theory which would predict a linear structure. Ab initio calculations have been cited to propose that contributions from d orbitals in the shell below the valence shell are responsible. Another
Environmental impact of silver nanoparticles catalyzing chemical reactions, Raman imaging, and antimicrobial sterilization. Along with its antimicrobial properties, its low mammalian cell toxicity makes these particles a common addition to consumer products. Washing textiles embedded with silver nanoparticles results in the oxidation and transformation of metallic Ag into AgCl. Silver nanoparticles have different physicochemical characteristics from the free silver ion, Ag and possess increased optical, electromagnetic, and catalytic properties. Particles with one dimension of 100 nm or less can generate reactive oxygen species. Smaller particles less than 10 nm may pass through cellular membranes and accumulate within the cell. Silver nanoparticles were also found to