Symbol (chemistry) the material was known in ancient times, while for others, the name is a more recent invention. For example, "He" is the symbol for helium (New Latin name, not known in ancient Roman times), "Pb" for lead ("plumbum" in Latin), and "Hg" for mercury ("hydrargyrum" in Greek). Some symbols come from other sources, like "W" for tungsten ("Wolfram" in German, not known in Roman times). Temporary symbols assigned to newly or not-yet synthesized elements use 3-letter symbols based on their atomic numbers. For example, "Uno" was the temporary symbol for hassium (element 108) which had the temporary name of "unniloctium".
Melting-point depression radius. The parabolic Landau potentials for the liquid and solid phases are calculated at a given temperature, with the lesser Landau a potential assumed to be the equilibrium state at any point in the particle. In the temperature range of surface melting, the results show that the Landau curve of the ordered state is favored near the center of the particle while the Landau curve of the disordered state is smaller near the surface of the particle. The Landau curves intersect at a specific radius from the center of the particle. The distinct intersection of the potentials means the LSN