Charles Francis Richter in southern California. Since 1935, several other magnitude scales have been developed. Richter was an active and avowed naturist. He travelled to many nudist communities with his wife. At his retirement party, a group of colleagues at Caltech, called the "Quidnuncs," played and sang a ditty titled "Richter Scale," which gave examples of earthquakes in American history, told in ballad style. Richter was not amused, however; he was furious. The author of the song, Kent Clark, stated in a 1989 interview that Richter enjoyed the song. The song is played on the Dr. Demento show occasionally. Richter died of congestive
Apparent magnitude further qualification, it is usually the V magnitude that is meant, more or less the same as visual magnitude. Because cooler stars, such as red giants and red dwarfs, emit little energy in the blue and UV regions of the spectrum their power is often under-represented by the UBV scale. Indeed, some L and T class stars have an estimated magnitude of well over 100, because they emit extremely little visible light, but are strongest in infrared. Measures of magnitude need cautious treatment and it is extremely important to measure like with like. On early 20th century and older orthochromatic