Theobroma cacao as culinary, purposes. Some mixtures included maize, chili, vanilla ("Vanilla planifolia"), and honey. Archaeological evidence for use of cacao, while relatively sparse, has come from the recovery of whole cacao beans at Uaxactun, Guatemala and from the preservation of wood fragments of the cacao tree at Belize sites including Cuello and Pulltrouser Swamp. In addition, analysis of residues from ceramic vessels has found traces of theobromine and caffeine in early formative vessels from Puerto Escondido, Honduras (1100–900 BC) and in middle formative vessels from Colha, Belize (600–400 BC) using similar techniques to those used to extract chocolate residues from four
Madeira-Tapajós moist forests excelsa" and "Duckeodendron cestroides". At one time the endemic tree "Polygonanthus amazonicus" grew near Maués, the western limit for the emergent "Dinizia excelsa" and the eastern limit for the "Theobroma cacao". The Tapajós basin is the eastern limit of "Theobroma microcarpum". The "Physocalymma scaberrima" has red hardwood used by furniture makers. The montane forests of the upper Marmelos and middle Tapajós hold "Hevea camporum", "Euterpe longibracteata", "Huberodendron ingens" and "Brachynema ramiflorum". Further south in Mato Grosso there are forests in the transition between the Amazon and cerrado biomes. 183 species of mammals have been reported, including 90 bat species and