-stan "koborsthan" ( "") "graveyard/cemetery", known as "Qabaristan" as (). Originally an independent noun, this morpheme evolved into a suffix by virtue of appearing frequently as the last part in nominal compounds. It is of Indo-Iranian and ultimately Indo-European origin: It is cognate with Sanskrit "" (Devanagari: ), meaning "the act of standing", from which many further meanings derive, including "place, location; abode, dwelling", and ultimately descends from Proto-Indo-Iranian . The Proto-Indo-European root from which this noun is derived is (older reconstruction ) "to stand" (or "to stand up, to step (somewhere), to position (oneself)"), which is also the source of
Proto-Indo-European verbs system was fully formed; however, there is no consensus concerning what the inherited system looked like, and which Anatolian differences are innovations vs. archaisms. In general, the traditional "Cowgill–Rix" system reconstructs the following categories for Proto-Indo-European (excluding Hittite and other Anatolian languages): Some of these categories (e.g. the dual) tended to drop out in time, while some languages innovated new categories (e.g. the future tense). The original interpretation of the tense and aspect categories has been a thorny issue; see below. PIE verb morphology resembled, in many respects, that of nominals. A verb was formed by adding a suffix (S)