Latin influence in English entered English, or in what form. Some words have come into English from Latin more than once, through French or another Romance language at one time and directly from Latin at another. Thus we have pairs like fragile/frail, army/armada, corona/crown, ratio/reason, and rotund/round. The first word in each pair came directly from Latin, while the second entered English from French (or Spanish, in the case of "armada"). In addition, some words have entered English twice from French, with the result that they have the same source, but different pronunciations reflecting changing pronunciation in French, for example chief/chef (the former a
Latin spelling and pronunciation which the previous long and short versions of the vowels have been either lost or replaced by other phonetic contrasts. A minimal set showing both long and short vowels and long and short consonants is "ānus" ('buttocks'), "annus" ('year'), "anus" ('old woman'). In Old Latin, as in Proto-Italic, stress normally fell on the first syllable of a word. During this period, the word-initial stress triggered changes in the vowels of non-initial syllables, the effects of which are still visible in classical Latin. Compare for example: In the earliest Latin writings, the original unreduced vowels are still visible. Study of this