Ernst Gräfenberg Ernst Gräfenberg Ernst Gräfenberg (September 26, 1881 in Adelebsen near Göttingen, Germany – 28 October 1957 in New York City, United States) was a German-born physician (medical doctor) and scientist. He is known for developing the intrauterine device (IUD), and for his studies of the role of the woman's urethra in orgasm. The G-spot is named after him. Gräfenberg studied medicine in Göttingen and Munich, earning his doctorate on 10 March 1905. He began working as a doctor of ophthalmology at the university of Würzburg, but then moved to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Kiel,
Ernst Hartmann Ernst Hartmann Ernst Hartmann (10 November 1915 in Mannheim - 23 October 1992 in Waldkatzenbach, a suburb of Waldbrunn (Odenwald)) in Germany was a German medical doctor, author and publicist. "Hartmann lines" are named after him. After leaving school, Ernst Hartmann studied medicine in Mannheim and Jena. During World War II he worked as a staff physician and was in American captivity. After his return from captivity, he opened a medical practice in Eberbach on the river Neckar, where he stayed more than 40 years as a practitioner. Besides his work as a doctor, in 1948, Ernst Hartmann still occupied