Clarification and stabilization of wine Organic compounds used as fining agents are generally animal based, a possible cause of concern to vegans. The most common organic compounds used include egg whites, casein derived from milk, gelatin and isinglass obtained from the bladders of fish. Pulverized minerals and solid materials can also be used, with bentonite clay being one of the most common, thanks to its effectiveness in absorbing proteins and some bacteria. Activated carbon from charcoal is used to remove some phenols that contribute to browning as well as some particles that produce "off-odors" in the wine. In a process known as blue fining, potassium
Dried and salted cod countries on 'meatless' Fridays and during Lent. In Middle English dried and salted cod was called "haberdine". Dried cod and the dishes made from it are known by many names around the world, many of them derived from the root "bacal-", itself of unknown origin. Explorer John Cabot reported that it was the name used by the inhabitants of Newfoundland. Some of these are: "bacalhau (salgado)" (Portuguese), "bacalao salado" (Spanish), "bakailao" (Basque), "bacallà salat i assecat" or "bacallà salat" (Catalan), μπακαλιάρος, "bakaliáros" (Greek), "Kabeljau" (German), "cabillaud" (French), "baccalà" (Italian), "bakalar" (Croatian), "bakkeljauw" (Dutch), "makayabu" (Central and East Africa), "kapakala" (Finnish).