Moment magnitude scale as (in Joules). Unfortunately, the duration of many very large earthquakes was longer than 20 seconds, the period of the surface waves used in the measurement of . This meant that giant earthquakes such as the 1960 Chilean earthquake (M 9.5) were only assigned an . Caltech seismologist Hiroo Kanamori recognized this deficiency and he took the simple but important step of defining a magnitude based on estimates of radiated energy, , where the "w" stood for work (energy): Kanamori recognized that measurement of radiated energy is technically difficult since it involves integration of wave energy over the entire frequency
Recomposed by Max Richter: Vivaldi – The Four Seasons Recomposed by Max Richter: Vivaldi – The Four Seasons Recomposed by Max Richter: Vivaldi – The Four Seasons is the 2012 album by neo-classical composer Max Richter, released on August 31, 2012 on Universal Classics and Jazz (Germany), a division of Universal Music Group, and Deutsche Grammophon. The album is a complete recomposition and reinterpretation of Vivaldi's "The Four Seasons". Although Richter said that he had discarded 75% of Vivaldi's original material, the parts he does use are phased and looped, emphasising his grounding in postmodern and minimalist music. The album was composed by Max Richter, played by the violinist