Breeding of strawberries variety "Old Black", which is of uncertain origin. This variety was created by pollination, not direct manipulation of the plant's genes. Molecular breeding is the application of molecular biology tools in a breeding program. Genetic engineering is typically defined as the introduction of non-native genes into an organism. An excellent example of transgenic modification is in the case of cold resistant strawberries. In one particular variety genes from the arctic flounder, a fish that lives in very cold water, were used to give plants resistance to cold. This modification works because of the genetics of the arctic flounder. It lives
University of the Philippines Los Baños Institute of Plant Breeding University of the Philippines Los Baños Institute of Plant Breeding The Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) is a research institute of the University of the Philippines Los Baños. It is the national biotechnology research center and repository for all crops other than rice, which is handled by the Philippine Rice Research Institute. It traces its roots to the Plant Breeding Division of the Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture. In 1975, President Ferdinand Marcos elevated the Division to an Institute and provided additional funds for new facilities and expanded research initiatives. This variety is a genetically-enhanced papaya with PRSV resistance