Brain glucose level, blood oxygen level, and other parameters. These hypothalamic nuclei send output signals to motor areas that can generate actions to rectify deficiencies. Some of the outputs also go to the pituitary gland, a tiny gland attached to the brain directly underneath the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream, where they circulate throughout the body and induce changes in cellular activity. The individual animals need to express survival-promoting behaviors, such as seeking food, water, shelter, and a mate. The motivational system in the brain monitors the current state of satisfaction of these goals, and activates behaviors
The Sexual Brain performance, control of body temperature, stress, emotional responses, growth, and many other functions". LeVay notes that his INAH 3 study was his only publication on sex to that date, and that most of his previous research had been on the visual areas of the cerebral cortex. LeVay compares homosexuality to the disease sickle cell anemia, arguing that it may have persisted through a similar genetic mechanism. "The Sexual Brain" was first published in 1993 by MIT Press. "The Sexual Brain" received positive reviews from the journalist Peter Gorner in the "Chicago Tribune", Kenneth McLeish in "The Independent", the psychiatrist Avodah