ISO 9000 risks include how much certification will cost, increased bureaucratic processes and risk of poor company image if the certification process fails. According to John Seddon, ISO 9001 promotes specification, control, and procedures rather than understanding and improvement. Wade argues that ISO 9000 is effective as a guideline, but that promoting it as a standard "helps to mislead companies into thinking that certification means better quality, ... [undermining] the need for an organization to set its own quality standards". In short, Wade argues that reliance on the specifications of ISO 9001 does not guarantee a successful quality system. The standard is
Cyber security standards are ineffective. ISO/IEC 27002 controls objectives are incorporated into ISO 27001 in Annex A. ISO/IEC 21827 (SSE-CMM – ISO/IEC 21827) is an International Standard based on the Systems Security Engineering Capability Maturity Model (SSE-CMM) that can measure the maturity of ISO controls objectives. CISQ develops standards for automating the measurement of software size and software structural quality. CISQ is a special interest group of the Object Management Group that submits specifications for approval as OMG international standards. The measurement standards are used for the static program analysis of software, a software testing practice that identifies critical vulnerabilities in the code