Total quality management of what TQM entails. During the 1990s, standards bodies in Belgium, France, Germany, Turkey, and the United Kingdom attempted to standardize TQM. While many of these standards have since been explicitly withdrawn, they all are effectively superseded by ISO 9000: Interest in TQM as an academic subject peaked around 1993. The Federal Quality Institute was shuttered in September 1995 as part of the Clinton administration's efforts to streamline government. The European Centre for Total Quality Management closed in August 2009, a casualty of the Great Recession. TQM as a vaguely defined quality management approach was largely supplanted by the ISO
ISO 20252 ISO 20252 ISO 20252:2012 is an international quality standard first published in 2006 as a replacement for the existing British Standards BS 7911:2003. It was subsequently updated in 2012. Developed by an ISO Technical Committee in liaison with professional bodies EFAMRO, ESOMAR and WAPOR, the standard sets out requirements in a Quality Management System for organizations conducting market, opinion and social research. The standard is divided into five sections which collectively cover the end-to-end process of a research project. These sections are: In the UK the Market Research Society (a member of the EFAMRO which sits on the ISO liaison