Mecca scholarship governed by the Hashemite Sharifs. In 930, Mecca was attacked and sacked by Qarmatians, a millenarian Ismaili Muslim sect led by Abū-Tāhir Al-Jannābī and centered in eastern Arabia. The Black Death pandemic hit Mecca in 1349. In 1517, the Sharif, Barakat bin Muhammed, acknowledged the supremacy of the Ottoman Caliph but retained a great degree of local autonomy. In 1803 the city was captured by the First Saudi State, which held Mecca until 1813. This was a massive blow to the prestige of the (Turkish) Ottoman Empire, which had exercised sovereignty over the holy city since 1517. The Ottomans
Mecca Ointment Ointment in the United States in the later part of the 19th and early 20th Century. Mecca Ointment was introduced into Canada in the early 20th Century. The Canadian office and manufacturing facility of Foster-Dack was located at 337 King St. W. in Toronto, Ontario. Mecca Ointment was also available in England and Scotland in the early 20th Century. The Foster-Dack Co. was the proprietor of Mecca Ointment until it sold all the intellectual property rights in connection with Mecca Ointment to The Mentholatum Company of Orchard Park, New York, USA, which continued to manufacture and sell Mecca Ointment until