Total quality management of what TQM entails. During the 1990s, standards bodies in Belgium, France, Germany, Turkey, and the United Kingdom attempted to standardize TQM. While many of these standards have since been explicitly withdrawn, they all are effectively superseded by ISO 9000: Interest in TQM as an academic subject peaked around 1993. The Federal Quality Institute was shuttered in September 1995 as part of the Clinton administration's efforts to streamline government. The European Centre for Total Quality Management closed in August 2009, a casualty of the Great Recession. TQM as a vaguely defined quality management approach was largely supplanted by the ISO
ISO 28000 operational benefits that are realized throughout supply chains and business practices. Benefits include, but are not limited to: ISO 28000:2007 is a certifiable standard. ISO 28000 ISO 28000:2007 (Specification for security management systems for the supply chain) is an International Organization for Standardization standard specifying requirements of a security management system particularly dealing with security assurance in the supply chain. Parts of the standard are considered "publicly available", while the entire specification can be purchased from the International Standards Organization. ISO 28000:2007 was developed to codify operations of security within the broader supply chain management system. The PDCA management systems