Betacoronavirus the Latin “corona” meaning crown or halo, referring to their image under electron microscopy of crown-like spikes on their surface similar to the solar corona. This morphology is created by the viral spike (S) peplomers, which are proteins that populate the surface of the virus and determine host tropism. The order Nidovirales is named for the Latin nidus, which means nest. It refers to this order’s production of a 3' co-terminal nested set of subgenomic mRNA's during infection. Betacoronavirus Betacoronaviruses are one of four genera of coronaviruses of the subfamily "Coronavirinae" in the family "Coronaviridae", of the order "Nidovirales". They
Echo word Echo word Echo word is a linguistic term that refers to a particular kind of reduplication which is a widespread areal feature in the languages of South Asia. Echo words are characterized by reduplication of a complete word or phrase, with the initial segment or syllable of the reduplicant being overwritten by a fixed segment or syllable. In most languages in which this phenomenon is present, echo words serve to express a meaning of "... and such; and things like that." In some cases the echo word may express a depreciative meaning as well. Echo word usage is almost exclusively