Integer triangle cosine equals 0, ±1/2, or ±1. The only ones of these giving an angle strictly between 0° and 180° are the cosine value 1/2 with the angle 60°, the cosine value –1/2 with the angle 120°, and the cosine value 0 with the angle 90°. The only combination of three of these, allowing multiple use of any of them and summing to 180°, is three 60° angles. Conditions are known in terms of elliptic curves for an integer triangle to have an integer ratio "N" of the circumradius to the inradius. The smallest case, that of the equilateral triangle, has
Equilateral pentagon are sufficient to determine a convex equilateral pentagon. Each circle's center is one of four vertices of the pentagon. The remaining vertex is determined by one of the intersection points of the first and the last circle of the chain. It is possible to describe any convex equilateral pentagon with only two angles α and β with α ≥ β provided the fourth angle (δ) is the smallest of the rest of the angles. Thus the general equilateral pentagon can be regarded as a bivariate function "f(α, β)" where the rest of the angles can be obtained by using trigonometric