Breeding of strawberries variety "Old Black", which is of uncertain origin. This variety was created by pollination, not direct manipulation of the plant's genes. Molecular breeding is the application of molecular biology tools in a breeding program. Genetic engineering is typically defined as the introduction of non-native genes into an organism. An excellent example of transgenic modification is in the case of cold resistant strawberries. In one particular variety genes from the arctic flounder, a fish that lives in very cold water, were used to give plants resistance to cold. This modification works because of the genetics of the arctic flounder. It lives
Commercial butterfly breeding biological pest control. Captive breeders employ cost-effective and sustainable methods of plant propagation needed to provide larval food for their stock. Green houses, hydroponics, drip irrigation, and organic-based methods are used to control disease costs and create high plant yields. Pesticides are not used in the breeding of stock. Captive breeders reduce the exposure of laboratory bred stock to naturally curing predators, parasites and diseases that occur in wild stock by rearing butterflies in enclosed environments. The butterfly and moth larvae are typically raised in containers in various densities dependent upon the predetermined protocols. Some butterfly larvae best raised in