Theobroma cacao as culinary, purposes. Some mixtures included maize, chili, vanilla ("Vanilla planifolia"), and honey. Archaeological evidence for use of cacao, while relatively sparse, has come from the recovery of whole cacao beans at Uaxactun, Guatemala and from the preservation of wood fragments of the cacao tree at Belize sites including Cuello and Pulltrouser Swamp. In addition, analysis of residues from ceramic vessels has found traces of theobromine and caffeine in early formative vessels from Puerto Escondido, Honduras (1100–900 BC) and in middle formative vessels from Colha, Belize (600–400 BC) using similar techniques to those used to extract chocolate residues from four
Cacao necrosis virus translucent veinal necrosis of leaves, necrotic or chlorotic spots of leaves, defoliation, and dieback of shoots that rarely leads to seedling death if infected by the Ghanaian isolate. A following recovery phase of live plants shows limited leaf symptoms. The virus has been transmitted to numerous diagnostically susceptible host species including "Beta vulgaris", "Chenopodium amaranticolor", "Chenopodium quinoa", "Cucumis sativus", "Glycine max", "Gomphrena globosa", "Nicotiana clevelandii", "Nicotiana glutinosa", "Nicotiana tabacum", "Petunia × hybrida", "Phaseolus vulgaris", "Tetragonia tetragonioides", "Theobroma cacao", and "Vigna unguiculata", but these plants are not infected in nature. The strain used to infect these species was the Ghanian isolate.