Breda Formation Formation. The Breda Formation can be a couple of meters to (in the Roerdal Graben) more than thick. The top is formed by an erosional nonconformity in the south and east of the Netherlands. In the west the contact with the Pliocene Oosterhout Formation is more gradual. In the Roerdal Graben the mostly Pliocene Kiezeloolite Formation is sometimes on top of the Breda Formation. Locally the Breda Formation can be subdivided into members: the Aalten Member (silty calcareous clay, rich in shells), the Eibergen Member (clay alternating with thin sand layers, with a basal conglomerate in which shark teeth and
The Surrender of Breda 1637 Breda was recaptured by Frederick Henry after a four-month siege, and in 1648 it was finally ceded to the Dutch Republic by the Treaty of Westphalia. Velázquez painted "The Surrender of Breda" as a tribute to Spanish arms and Ambrogio Spinola. Diego Velázquez and Ambrogio Spinola had been thrown closely together “During the voyage from Barcelona to Genoa, in 1629… The artist must also have been more deeply affected than others by the tragic result of the siege of Casale, which occurred soon after the voyage – how Spinola was shamefully sacrificed; and how, mortified at the slur cast