Richter magnitude scale is about 7 and about 8.5 for formula_3. New techniques to avoid the saturation problem and to measure magnitudes rapidly for very large earthquakes are being developed. One of these is based on the long period P-wave; the other is based on a recently discovered channel wave. The energy release of an earthquake, which closely correlates to its destructive power, scales with the power of the shaking amplitude. Thus, a difference in magnitude of 1.0 is equivalent to a factor of 31.6 (formula_19) in the energy released; a difference in magnitude of 2.0 is equivalent to a factor of 1000
Logarithmic scale the value of a logarithm function. Here, a given logarithmic unit will be denoted using the notation [log "n"], where "n" is a positive real number, and [log ] here denotes the indefinite logarithm function Log(). Examples of logarithmic units include common units of information and entropy, such as the "bit" [log 2] and the "byte" 8[log 2] = [log 256], also the "nat" [log e] and the "ban" [log 10]; units of relative signal strength magnitude such as the "decibel" 0.1[log 10] and "bel" [log 10], "neper" [log e], and other logarithmic-scale units such as the Richter magnitude scale