Isotopes of barium Isotopes of barium Naturally occurring barium (Ba) is a mix of six stable isotopes and one very long-lived radioactive primordial isotope, barium-130, recently identified as being unstable by geochemical means (from analysis of the presence of its daughter xenon-130 in rocks). This nuclide decays by double-electron capture (absorbing two electrons and emitting two neutrinos); with a half-life of (0.5–2.7)×10 years (about 10 times the age of the universe). There are a total of thirty-three known radioisotopes in addition to Ba, but most of these are highly radioactive with half-lives in the several millisecond to several minute range. The only notable
Non-metallic inclusions During deformation, which occurs from flatting, forging, and stamping, non-metallic inclusions can cause cracks and fatigue failure in steel. When investigating the influence of non-metallic inclusions on the quality of steel, of great importance are the properties of these inclusions: size, shape, chemical and physical characteristics. All these properties depend on the chemical composition of steel, method of smelting and for certain steel grade. These properties can change within wide limits even within the same mode of production. Different methods for analysis of non-metallic inclusions have been developed and are now in use. These make it possible to determine content,