Betacoronavirus the Latin “corona” meaning crown or halo, referring to their image under electron microscopy of crown-like spikes on their surface similar to the solar corona. This morphology is created by the viral spike (S) peplomers, which are proteins that populate the surface of the virus and determine host tropism. The order Nidovirales is named for the Latin nidus, which means nest. It refers to this order’s production of a 3' co-terminal nested set of subgenomic mRNA's during infection. Betacoronavirus Betacoronaviruses are one of four genera of coronaviruses of the subfamily "Coronavirinae" in the family "Coronaviridae", of the order "Nidovirales". They
Vallis (planetary geology) may be related to lobate debris aprons, which have been proven to contain large amounts of ice. Reull Vallis, as pictured below, displays these deposits. Dao Vallis begins near a large volcano, called Hadriaca Patera, so it is thought to have received water when hot magma melted huge amounts of ice in the frozen ground. The partially circular depressions on the left side of the channel in the image below suggests that groundwater sapping also contributed water. Vallis (planetary geology) Vallis (plural "valles") is the Latin word for "valley". It is used in planetary geology to name landform features on