ISO 9000 effect on return on investment, market share, sales growth, better sales margins and competitive advantage," "taking a quality approach is unrelated to ISO 9000 registration." In fact, ISO itself advises that ISO 9001 can be implemented without certification, simply for the quality benefits that can be achieved. Abrahamson argues that fashionable management discourse such as Quality Circles tends to follow a lifecycle in the form of a bell curve, possibly indicating a management fad. Pickrell argues that ISO systems merely gauge whether the processes are being followed. It does not gauge how good the processes are or whether the correct
ISO 28000 operational benefits that are realized throughout supply chains and business practices. Benefits include, but are not limited to: ISO 28000:2007 is a certifiable standard. ISO 28000 ISO 28000:2007 (Specification for security management systems for the supply chain) is an International Organization for Standardization standard specifying requirements of a security management system particularly dealing with security assurance in the supply chain. Parts of the standard are considered "publicly available", while the entire specification can be purchased from the International Standards Organization. ISO 28000:2007 was developed to codify operations of security within the broader supply chain management system. The PDCA management systems