Berlin Tegel Airport mid- to late 1960s' introduction by Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) and British European Airways (BEA) of jet aircraft with short-field capabilities that were not payload-restricted on Tempelhof's short runways, Air France experienced a traffic decline on those routes where it competed with Pan Am and BEA, mainly as a result of Tegel's greater distance and poorer accessibility from West Berlin's city centre. Over this period, the French airline's market share halved from 9% to less than 5% despite having withdrawn from Tegel–Düsseldorf in summer 1964 and concentrated its limited resources on Tegel–Frankfurt and Tegel–Munich to maximise the competitive
Airport city logically combined elements that reinforce each other. Services and facilities are designed to guide travelers easily through the airport process. Access is key for passengers, cargo, businesses, and residents, many of whom work in the airport city. "Time" has named it as one of "10 ideas that will change the world". The chapter "The Way Forward" from "Global Airport Cities" describes the basic airport city drivers, which have evolved with different spatial forms predicated on available land and ground transportation infrastructure: The most common airside and landside airport city commercial activities include: duty-free shops and airline lounges; restaurants, catering, and