Latitude exact relationship of parallels and meridians with horizontal and vertical: both are complicated curves. On the sphere the normal passes through the centre and the latitude () is therefore equal to the angle subtended at the centre by the meridian arc from the equator to the point concerned. If the meridian distance is denoted by then where denotes the mean radius of the Earth. is equal to . No higher accuracy is appropriate for since higher-precision results necessitate an ellipsoid model. With this value for the meridian length of 1 degree of latitude on the sphere is (60.0 nautical miles).
What on Earth! Pindal in December 1963, with the working title "Automation", with the intention of showing how "in spite of appearances, man is the master in the automated world." The working title would become "Martians", before the final title "What on Earth!" was chosen. Drew was brought in to work on the film in 1965 and 1966, with Brittain assigned to write narration. Pindal's original idea of "man as the master" is not reflected in the final version of the film, and NFB archivist and blogger Albert Ohayon believes Brittain may have been responsible for this key change. "What on Earth!" was