Ford Motor Company sports car maker Aston Martin in 1989, later selling it on March 12, 2007, although retaining an 8% stake. Ford purchased Volvo Cars of Sweden in 1999, selling it to Zhejiang Geely Holding Group in 2010. In November 2008, it reduced its 33.4% controlling interest in Mazda of Japan to a 13.4% non-controlling interest. On November 18, 2010, Ford reduced their stake further to just 3%, citing the reduction of ownership would allow greater flexibility to pursue growth in emerging markets. Ford and Mazda remain strategic partners through exchanges of technological information and joint ventures, including an American joint venture
Geely complete knock-down kits. Such facilities are or have been located in Indonesia, (some of its production has been imported back to China), Sri Lanka (in collaboration with Micro Cars), Malaysia, Russia, (assembly is controlled by local firm Derways), and Ukraine. These locations are not necessarily affiliated with or owned by Geely. Establishing a joint venture with this British maker of London Black Cabs in 2007, Geely purchased in 2013 "Manganese Bronze Holdings", initially trading as The London Taxi Company, and subsequently as London EV Company. The joint venture, Shanghai LTI Automobile Components Co Ltd, made the TX4, a licensed London