Stanford US–Russia Forum Russian Consul General in San Francisco Condoleezza Rice, former U.S. Secretary of State George Schultz, former U.S. Secretary of State Dmitri Trenin, Director of Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Moscow Center American University Boston College Bowdoin College Brandeis University Columbia University Cornell University George Washington University Georgia Institute of Technology Harvard University Middlebury College New York University Stern School of Business Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Princeton University Rice University Stanford University Swarthmore College University of California, Berkeley University of California, Davis University of California, Los Angeles University of Chicago University of Kansas University of Minnesota University of Pennsylvania
Political science US Supreme Court — to name only a few issues. Because political science is essentially a study of human behaviour, in all aspects of politics, observations in controlled environments are often challenging to reproduce or duplicate, though experimental methods are increasingly common (see experimental political science). Citing this difficulty, former American Political Science Association President Lawrence Lowell once said "We are limited by the impossibility of experiment. Politics is an observational, not an experimental science." Because of this, political scientists have historically observed political elites, institutions, and individual or group behaviour in order to identify patterns, draw generalizations, and build