Vietnam and the International Monetary Fund the "import substituting and non-tradable" sectors like construction and telecommunication as opposed to investment in exportable goods and services. In 2001, Vietnam sent a letter of intent to the IMF to receive a loan to fund the Poverty Reductions and Growth Funds arrangement. In order to create a greater macroeconomic stability for Vietnam they would rely on the monetary policy while under shock scenarios as it has proven to lift off interest rates. According to IMF records, Vietnam is still paying that loan and continues their membership with the IMF. Since 2012, the Vietnamese dong closely tied to the U.S.
Wage unit Wage unit The wage unit is a unit of measurement for monetary quantities introduced by Keynes in his 1936 book "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money" ("General Theory"). A value expressed in wage units is equal to its price in money units divided by the wage (in money units) of a man-hour of labour. The classical economists believed that the value of a product could be identified with the number of man-hours of labour which went into its production. This value was inherently real. Economic values can always be expressed in monetary terms except in a barter economy.