Vietnam and the International Monetary Fund the "import substituting and non-tradable" sectors like construction and telecommunication as opposed to investment in exportable goods and services. In 2001, Vietnam sent a letter of intent to the IMF to receive a loan to fund the Poverty Reductions and Growth Funds arrangement. In order to create a greater macroeconomic stability for Vietnam they would rely on the monetary policy while under shock scenarios as it has proven to lift off interest rates. According to IMF records, Vietnam is still paying that loan and continues their membership with the IMF. Since 2012, the Vietnamese dong closely tied to the U.S.
China in the Vietnam War another Korean War in Vietnam. Zhang Xiaoming, a Chinese scholar also suggests that although Mao Zedong's theory of world revolution determined China's response in using military force to aid Vietnam and resist the United States, what Beijing may wish was only to deter but not confront Washington. However, American policymakers interpreted in another way. They perceived that the battles in South Vietnam and other parts of Southeast Asia were a crucial signal of further Communist expansion so that America increased the military involvement there and the Vietnam War intensified. From an ideological perspective, Anthony Short believes there are various reasons