LOT Polish Airlines Flight 5055 accident's cause was similar to that of LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007's crash seven years earlier. After the disaster of Flight 007, the Polish investigatory commission established that its engine shaft disintegration was the result of metal fatigue; improper alloy preparation resulting in a defective mechanism which was less resistant to fatigue; and a faulty design of the engine shaft. Detection of these faults was possible only after complete disassembly of the engine and detailed analysis of all its elements, and as such was beyond the capabilities of aircraft maintenance personnel. These concerns were addressed by the Polish Government's Special
Challenger brand The concept of a challenger brand was first introduced by Adam Morgan in 1999 in the business book, ‘Eating the Big Fish’. In this book, three specific criteria for challenger brands were defined: one, state of market, meaning the brand is not a market leader nor a niche brand; two, state of mind, meaning the brand has ambitions beyond conventional marketing resource; three, rate of success, meaning the brand has experienced significant and rapid growth. Challenger brand A challenger brand is a brand in an industry where it is neither the market leader nor a niche brand. Challenger brands are