Vietnam and the International Monetary Fund the "import substituting and non-tradable" sectors like construction and telecommunication as opposed to investment in exportable goods and services. In 2001, Vietnam sent a letter of intent to the IMF to receive a loan to fund the Poverty Reductions and Growth Funds arrangement. In order to create a greater macroeconomic stability for Vietnam they would rely on the monetary policy while under shock scenarios as it has proven to lift off interest rates. According to IMF records, Vietnam is still paying that loan and continues their membership with the IMF. Since 2012, the Vietnamese dong closely tied to the U.S.
1960 in the Vietnam War Kennedy won on November 8, 1960. For the first time South Vietnam charged North Vietnam with aggression. A few days earlier the Viet Cong had captured several ARVN and Civil Guard posts near Kontum in the central highlands. The Diem government claimed that the attack had been mounted by soldiers from North Vietnam who had infiltrated South Vietnam through Laos utilizing the network of trails and roads later called the Ho Chi Minh trail. The ARVN recaptured the lost posts. Five paratroop battalions encircled the Presidential Palace in Saigon in what would be a failed coup attempt against President Diem.