Phyllocoptes eupadi The leaf surface can be so densely covered with galls that it becomes deformed and wrinkled. The species is found in Denmark as well as in England and Scotland. Phyllocoptes eupadi Phyllocoptes eupadi is a mite that chemically induces a pouch gall to develop as a sub-spherical distortion rising up from the upper surface of the lamina of leaves of blackthorn shrubs "Prunus spinosa" and other "Prunus" spp. Synonyms are "Eriophyes padi" (Nalepa) and "Phytoptus padi prunianus" (Nalepa 1890). The gall's appearance on the upper surface is sub-spherical pustules, hairy and opening below, often clustering along the midrib, but also
Aralia spinosa fruit. The fruit was used in many of the natives' foods. The women would take the flowers and put them in their hair because of the lemony smell. The flowers could also be traded for money. In the past, botanists attributed occurrences of "Aralia" north of Maryland and Delaware in the Middle Atlantic states to introductions of "Aralia spinosa" from areas to the south. However some of these occurrences are now known to be of "Aralia elata" (Japanese Angelica-tree), a related Asian species that is invasive in the area. "A. spinosa" and "A. elata" are difficult to distinguish in the