2009 G20 London summit London Summit and to co-ordinate their actions. The meeting was organised at the initiative of German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The leaders agreed that markets, financial institutions and the wide range of financial assets they create, and hedge funds should be subject to appropriate control. In addition, they called for effective sanctions against tax havens. They also agreed to impose sanctions against countries that intend to undermine their work. Finally, they advocated the doubling of funds available to the IMF. Finance ministers and central bankers of the G20 met in Horsham on 14 March 2009 to prepare for the London Summit.
G20 and its summits have been a focus for major protests by left-wing groups and anarchists. The heads of the G20 nations met semi-annually at G20 summits between 2009 and 2010. Since the November 2011 Cannes summit, all G20 summits have been held annually. The G20 is the latest in a series of post–World War 2 initiatives aimed at international coordination of economic policy, which include institutions such as the "Bretton Woods twins", the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and what is now the World Trade Organization. The G20 was foreshadowed at the Cologne Summit of the G7 in