Doping at the 1998 Tour de France been using EPO in the 1998 Tour de France. A number, which came on top of the additional 9 out of 9 Festina riders and 2 out of 9 TVM riders, who already had confessed EPO abuse due to their implication in the prior police investigations. Among the riders who were never tested for EPO abuse, the following never-the-less later on confessed also having doped with EPO in preparation/during the 1998 Tour de France: Chris Boardman was the only rider to wear the yellow jersey in 1998 who has not been accused of doping. Of the top ten riders to
Chris Boardman a comeback in the 1997 Tour de France by winning the prologue of the Tour again, although a crash forced him to quit on stage 13. Boardman won bronze in the 52 km time trial at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. He did not defend his 4 km title. In 1998 Tour de France, when the Tour began in Dublin, Ireland, Boardman won the prologue but crashed out of the race on stage 2 while wearing the yellow jersey. In 1998 he was diagnosed with osteopenia due to low testosterone levels. Treatment to prevent worsening in this condition would