Vaccination disease people tried to prevent by inoculation and was the first disease for which a vaccine was produced. The smallpox vaccine was invented in 1796 by English physician Edward Jenner and although at least six people had used the same principles years earlier he was the first to publish evidence that it was effective and to provide advice on its production. Louis Pasteur furthered the concept through his work in microbiology. The immunization was called "vaccination" because it was derived from a virus affecting cows ( 'cow'). Smallpox was a contagious and deadly disease, causing the deaths of 20–60% of
Smallpox vaccine in Koltsovo, Russia. These states report that their repositories are for possible antibioweaponry research and insurance if some obscure reservoir of natural smallpox is discovered in the future. The word "vaccine" is derived from "Variolae vaccinae" (i.e. smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox and used in the long title of his "An enquiry into the causes and effects of Variolae vaccinae, known by the name of cow pox". Vaccination, the term which soon replaced "cowpox inoculation" and "vaccine inoculation", was first used in print by Jenner's friend, Richard Dunning in 1800. Initially, the terms