The Big Sleep (1946 film) E. Jackson were completely eliminated. Because of the two versions created by the re-shooting, there is a substantial difference in content of some twenty minutes between them, although the difference in running time is two minutes. Novelist Raymond Chandler said Martha Vickers (Carmen) overshadowed Lauren Bacall (Vivian) in their scenes together, which led the producers to delete much of Vickers' performance to enhance Bacall's. The re-shot, re-edited and revised "The Big Sleep" was finally released on 23 August 1946. The cinematic release of "The Big Sleep" is regarded as more successful than the 1945 pre-release version (see below), even though
The Big Payback (book) as "meticulous" and indicative of "fine sense of both the macro and the micro". praised for its "intertwining of commerce and art". The book was criticized for its sense of focus and incomplete narrative. Evelyn McDonnell of the "Los Angeles Times" wrote that despite its "ambitious scope," The Big Payback lacks balance, failing to mention "Atlanta, Houston, Miami, etc." while focusing on hip hop mostly from an East-West Coast perspective. The Big Payback (book) The Big Payback: The History of the Business of Hip-Hop is a book by Dan Charnas chronicling the business history of the hip hop industry. The