Nobel Prize Wilhelm Röntgen's discovery of X-rays and Philipp Lenard's work on cathode rays. The Academy of Sciences selected Röntgen for the prize. In the last decades of the 19th century, many chemists had made significant contributions. Thus, with the Chemistry Prize, the Academy "was chiefly faced with merely deciding the order in which these scientists should be awarded the prize". The Academy received 20 nominations, eleven of them for Jacobus van 't Hoff. Van 't Hoff was awarded the prize for his contributions in chemical thermodynamics. The Swedish Academy chose the poet Sully Prudhomme for the first Nobel Prize in Literature.
Man Booker International Prize brings the total prize fund to £62,000 per year, compared to the previous £37,500 for the Man Booker International Prize. Judges select a longlist of 12 or 13 books in March, followed by a shortlist of six in April, with the winner announced in May. The inaugural winner was Albanian writer Ismail Kadare. He was followed by Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe in 2007, and two years later the Canadian writer Alice Munro won the award. In 2011 the prize was awarded to American Philip Roth. Praising its concerted judgement, the journalist Hephzibah Anderson noted that the Man Booker International Prize