United Movement for Democratic Change United Movement for Democratic Change United Movement for Democratic Change is a Zimbabwean political party founded in November 2014 as a merger of two parties descended from the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC): the Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube (MDC-N) headed by Welshman Ncube, which broke away from MDC in 2005, and the MDC Renewal Team led by Tendai Biti, which broke away from Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai in 2014 in protest against what they saw as the ineffectual leadership and increasingly authoritarian tendencies of party chairman Morgan Tsvangirai. The party is intended as the core of
Robert Mugabe Marxist-Leninist regimes in the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, in 1991 ZANU-PF removed references to "Marxism-Leninism" and "scientific socialism" in its material, although Mugabe maintained that "socialism remains our sworn ideology". That year, Mugabe pledged himself to free market economics and accepted a structural adjustment programme provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This economic reform package called for Zimbabwe to privatise state assets and reduce import tariffs; Mugabe's government implemented some although not all of its recommendations. The reforms encouraged employers to cut their wages, generating growing opposition from the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions. By 1990, 52,000