Financial centre of the 19th century. After 1870, Berlin and New York grew to become major financial centres mainly serving their national economies. An array of smaller international financial centers found market niches, such as Amsterdam, Brussels, Zurich, and Geneva. London remained the leading international financial center in the four decades leading up to World War I. Since then, London and New York have developed leading positions in different activities and some non-Western financial centres have grown in prominence, notably Tokyo, Hong Kong and Singapore. In Asia, Tokyo emerged as a major financial centre in the 1980s as the Japanese economy became
Astana International Financial Centre phases, namely, development into a regional financial centre, and eventually, into an international financial centre. AIFC Development strategy was determined six key priorities have been identified for the successful project implementation: Positioning Astana as a main financial centre in the region shall be achieved through the implementation of the following five core pillars: Kazakhstan possesses both attractive assets and accumulated resources, it is essential that right infrastructure is in place to allow channeling these resources into Kazakhstan's economy. A developed capital market will provide necessary mechanism for companies to attract capital and for the investors to diversify their investment portfolios.