Mountains and hills of England the land rises to form the Cheviot Hills, which extend into Scotland and could probably be considered part of the Southern Uplands. They are included in Northumberland National Park, along with Kielder Water and the Kielder Forest. The North Pennines (an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, or AONB) lie south of Hadrian's Wall, and east of the Lake District, from which they are separated by the Eden Valley. These are younger rocks, mostly Carboniferous limestone, and the mountains are characterised by shallower slopes covered with moorland vegetation, culminating in Cross Fell at . South of this, the main line of
Flora of Scotland and the rarer stunted form Newman’s Lady-fern ("A. distentifolium var. flexile") which is endemic to Scotland. The Killarney Fern, once found on Arran was thought to be extinct in Scotland, but has been discovered on Skye in its gametophyte form. Scotland's populations of Alpine Woodsia and Oblong Woodsia are on the edge of their natural ranges. The UK distribution of the former is confined to Angus, Perthshire, Argyll and north Wales, and of the latter to Angus, the Moffat Hills, north Wales and two locations in England. The plants were first identified as separate species by John Bolton in 1785