Tibbers Castle led to a succession crisis resulting in English rule of Scotland under Edward I. Robert the Bruce's family was one of the claimants and in 1306 he was crowned king, leading to war with England. The first phase of Bruce's campaign in 1306 was to capture the English-held castles of Ayr, Dalswinton, Inverkip and Tibbers. Control was given to John de Seton until the English recaptured the castle from the Scots, hanging the defenders, and a larger garrison, this time numbering 54, was installed. In 1313 the Scots regained control of the region. From there Tibbers Castle remained in Scottish
Crowned heads of Europe (phrase) Crowned heads of Europe (phrase) Crowned heads of Europe is a phrase used to describe monarchs in Europe. The phrase was used in Robert Plumer Ward's 1795 two-volume book, "An Enquiry Into the Foundation and History of the Law of Nations in Europe". In 1952 the "Chicago Tribune" used the phrase "Crowned heads of Europe" to describe the mourners at the funeral of George VI that included Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, and the then Crown Prince Olav of Norway. Monarchy researcher and historian, Rolf-Ulrich Kunze used the phrase when he said, "Every king or queen has the right to