National unity government disasters or wars, that the two parties have briefly "rallied around the President." Such instances include the attack on Pearl Harbor, the assassination of John F. Kennedy, and the September 11 attacks, all of which not only had a worldwide effect, but preceded a massive spike in the approval rating of the sitting President. The 2008–2009 Zimbabwean political negotiations between the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (led by Morgan Tsvangirai), its small splinter group, the Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara (led by Arthur Mutambara), and the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (led by Robert Mugabe) created
United Movement for Democratic Change a united opposition movement in Zimbabwe and is jointly led by Ncube and Sekai Holland. It aimed to hold a formative party congress in August 2015 to agree on a manifesto. The party has 17 MPs (15 from MDC Renewal Team and 2 from MDC-N) and 2 Senators (both former Renewal Team members) making it the third strongest parliamentary party in Zimbabwe. United Movement for Democratic Change United Movement for Democratic Change is a Zimbabwean political party founded in November 2014 as a merger of two parties descended from the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC): the Movement for Democratic Change