Brewing cylindroconical vessels, through open stone vessels, to wooden vats. After the wort is cooled and aerated – usually with sterile air – yeast is added to it, and it begins to ferment. It is during this stage that sugars won from the malt are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide, and the product can be called beer for the first time. Most breweries today use cylindroconical vessels, or CCVs, which have a conical bottom and a cylindrical top. The cone's aperture is typically around 60°, an angle that will allow the yeast to flow towards the cone's apex, but is
F. & M. Schaefer Brewing Company F. & M. Schaefer Brewing Company F. & M. Schaefer Brewing Company was a Manhattan brewing company. It was founded in 1842 by brothers Frederick Schaefer (1817-1897) and Maximilian Karl Emil Schaefer (1819–1904), natives of Wetzlar, Prussia, Germany. Frederick emigrated to the U.S. in 1838, followed by Maximilian in 1839. Maximilian brought the recipe for lager beer with him. After working for them, they saved up enough money to acquire the Sebastion Somers Brewing Company. How this was managed, and what brewing experience the pair brought from Germany, is unclear. What they did bring was a recipe for lager beer,