Quark (dairy product) considered to be different types of fresh cheese, while in Eastern Europe cottage cheese is usually viewed as a type of quark (e.g. Russian for cottage cheese is "зернёный творог" "zernyony tvorog", literally "grainy quark"). Quark is similar to French fromage blanc, Indian paneer, and the queso fresco/queijo fresco made in the Iberian Peninsula and in some Latin American countries. It is distinct from Italian ricotta because ricotta (Italian "recooked") is made from scalded whey. Quark is somewhat similar to yogurt cheeses such as the South Asian "chak(k)a", the Arabic labneh, and the Central Asian suzma or kashk, but while
Quark found the word "quark" in James Joyce's book "Finnegans Wake": The word "quark" itself is a Slavic borrowing in German and denotes a dairy product, but is also a colloquial term for ″rubbish″. Gell-Mann went into further detail regarding the name of the quark in his book "The Quark and the Jaguar": Zweig preferred the name "ace" for the particle he had theorized, but Gell-Mann's terminology came to prominence once the quark model had been commonly accepted. The quark flavors were given their names for several reasons. The up and down quarks are named after the up and down components