Scotland in the Middle Ages but probably resigned as Guardian of Scotland. In 1305 he fell into the hands of the English, who executed him for treason despite the fact that he believed he owed no allegiance to England. Rivals John Comyn and Robert the Bruce, grandson of the claimant, were appointed as joint guardians in his place. On 10 February 1306, Bruce participated in the murder of Comyn, at Greyfriars Kirk in Dumfries. Less than seven weeks later, on 25 March, Bruce was crowned as king. However, Edward's forces overran the country after defeating Bruce's small army at the Battle of Methven. Despite the
Crowned heads of Europe (phrase) Crowned heads of Europe (phrase) Crowned heads of Europe is a phrase used to describe monarchs in Europe. The phrase was used in Robert Plumer Ward's 1795 two-volume book, "An Enquiry Into the Foundation and History of the Law of Nations in Europe". In 1952 the "Chicago Tribune" used the phrase "Crowned heads of Europe" to describe the mourners at the funeral of George VI that included Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, and the then Crown Prince Olav of Norway. Monarchy researcher and historian, Rolf-Ulrich Kunze used the phrase when he said, "Every king or queen has the right to