Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton and cousin, and was crowned in 1306. He decisively defeated the English, under Edward II, at Bannockburn in 1314. Peace talks were held between 1321 and 1324. Little progress was made, as the English refused to recognise Robert the Bruce as King of Scots, although a truce was agreed in 1323, to last thirteen years. Edward II claimed he adhered to this truce, but he allowed English privateers to attack Flemish vessels trading with Scotland. For example, privateers seized the Flemish vessel "Pelarym", worth £2,000, and massacred all the Scots on board. Robert the Bruce demanded justice, but in vain,
Scots language mainly for geographical and cultural features, such as "ceilidh", "loch" and "clan". From the thirteenth century, the Early Scots language spread further into Scotland via the burghs, which were proto-urban institutions first established by King David I. In the fourteenth century Scotland, the growth in prestige of Early Scots and the complementary decline of French, made Scots the prestige dialect of most of eastern Scotland. By the sixteenth century Middle Scots had established orthographic and literary norms largely independent of those developing in England. From 1610 to the 1690s during the Plantation of Ulster some 200,000 Scots-speaking Lowlanders settled in