Crime and Punishment to recognize the symbolic possibilities of city life and imagery drawn from the city. I. F. I. Evnin regards "Crime and Punishment" as the first great Russian novel "in which the climactic moments of the action are played out in dirty taverns, on the street, in the sordid back rooms of the poor". Dostoevsky's Petersburg is the city of unrelieved poverty; "magnificence has no place in it, because magnificence is external, formal abstract, cold". Dostoevsky connects the city's problems to Raskolnikov's thoughts and subsequent actions. The crowded streets and squares, the shabby houses and taverns, the noise and stench, all
Civil Rights Act of 1866 punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. ..." This statute was a major part of general federal policy during Reconstruction, and was closely related to the Second Freedmen's Bureau Act of 1866. According to Congressman John Bingham, "the seventh and eighth sections of the Freedmen's Bureau bill enumerate the same rights and all the rights and privileges that are enumerated in the first section of this [the Civil Rights] bill." Parts of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 are enforceable into the 21st century, according to the United States Code: All persons within the jurisdiction of