Gemstone industry in Greenland gemstone ruby. The native inhabitants continued to assist the European explorers with their ruby exploration, leading them to some half dozen locations, spread out for over a hundred miles along the southwest shores of Greenland, known as the Kitaa Coast. Ruby and pink sapphire are the red and pink varieties of the mineral corundum, an aluminum-oxide mineral Al2O3. The pink/red colour is formed in corundum by adding the element chromium to its crystal structure. Spectroscopy of rubies from the Aappaluttoq occurrence in Greenland confirm the presence of chromium as well as showing absorption in the UV region indicating high Fe
Yttrium aluminium garnet has low heat sensitivity. As a synthetic gemstone YAG has numerous varietal and trade names, as well as a number of misnomers. Synonymous names include: "alexite", "amamite", "circolite", "dia-bud", "diamite", "diamogem", "diamonair", "diamone", "diamonique", "diamonite", "diamonte", "di'yag", "geminair", "gemonair", "kimberly", "Linde simulated diamond", "nier-gem", "regalair", "replique", "somerset", "triamond", "YAIG", and "yttrium garnet". Production for the gem trade decreased after the introduction of synthetic cubic zirconia; there was little production. Some demand exists as synthetic garnet, and for designs where the very high refractive index of cubic zirconia is not desirable. Neodymium-doped YAG (Nd:YAG) was developed in the early 1960s, and