Financial centre of the 19th century. After 1870, Berlin and New York grew to become major financial centres mainly serving their national economies. An array of smaller international financial centers found market niches, such as Amsterdam, Brussels, Zurich, and Geneva. London remained the leading international financial center in the four decades leading up to World War I. Since then, London and New York have developed leading positions in different activities and some non-Western financial centres have grown in prominence, notably Tokyo, Hong Kong and Singapore. In Asia, Tokyo emerged as a major financial centre in the 1980s as the Japanese economy became
Small Countries Financial Management Centre assessment, management and regulation, debt and cash management, and regulatory collaboration. The 2011 Programme was held in the Isle of Man and at St Catherine's College, Oxford and was directed by Alison McQuater. Small Countries Financial Management Centre The Small Countries Financial Management Centre is a charity which was established in June 2009. It is, in effect, a "micro multilateral" body whose purpose is to help to contribute to the growth and prosperity of small states through capacity building in the government financial sector. The countries involved (mainly those with a population of under 1.5 million) are: Antigua and Barbuda,