Philosophy encyclopedia philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau and François-Marie Arouet (better known by his pen name, Voltaire). The "Encyclopedia of Philosophy" is a major philosophy encyclopedia that was first published in 1967 by Macmillan in eight volumes and was edited by Paul Edwards. The "Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy" is edited by Edward Craig and was first published by Routledge in 1998. It contains more than 2,000 articles written by over 1,300 contributors. The "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy" is an open access online encyclopedia maintained by Stanford University. The encyclopedia was started in 1995 by Edward N. Zalta. Contributors to the Encyclopedia give Stanford University
Fran Hosken (1979), was influential in persuading the international community, including the World Health Organization, to make efforts to end the practice. As a pioneer in speaking out against the practice of Female Genital Mutilation, Ms. Hosken courageously withstood often vicious criticism in defense of the women being subjected to these practices. Fran Hosken Fran P. Hosken (Vienna Austria 1920 – 2 February 2006) was an American writer, feminist, and social activist. She founded the Women's International Network in 1975, and published a quarterly journal on women's health issues that became known, in particular, for its research into female genital mutilation (FGM).