Irony make the truth of past situations obvious to all. Other prominent examples of outcomes now seen as poignantly contrary to expectation include: Irony is often used in literature to produce a comic effect. This may also be combined with satire. For instance, an author may facetiously state something as a well-known fact and then demonstrate through the narrative that the fact is untrue. Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice" begins with the proposition "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife." In fact, it soon becomes
Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk of "The Lives of the Artists". Frank Zöllner states: "This red chalk drawing has largely determined our idea of Leonardo's appearance for it was long taken to be his only authentic self-portrait." However, the identification of the drawing as a self-portrait is not universally accepted. The claim that it represents Leonardo has been criticized by a number of Leonardo scholars and experts, such as Robert Payne, Professor Martin Kemp, Professor Pietro Marani, Carlo Pedretti, and Larry J. Feinberg. A frequent criticism made in the late 20thcentury is that the drawing depicts a man of a greater age than Leonardo himself