2000s in Zimbabwe 2000s in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe began experiencing a period of considerable political and economic upheaval in 1999. Opposition to President Mugabe and the ZANU-PF government grew considerably after the mid-1990s in part due to worsening economic and human rights conditions. The Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) was established in September 1999 as an opposition party founded by trade unionist Morgan Tsvangirai. The MDC's first opportunity to test opposition to the Mugabe government came in February 2000, when a referendum was held on a draft constitution proposed by the government. Among its elements, the new constitution would have permitted President Mugabe to
Namibian Democratic Movement for Change Namibian Democratic Movement for Change The Namibian Democratic Movement for Change (Nam DMC) is a Namibian political party. NMDC contested the 2004 election, but received just 4,138 votes, short of the minimum needed for a seat in the National Assembly. The party was founded in October 2003 under the umbrella of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance but left it prior to the 2004 election due to an internal power struggle. In January 2008, the NMDC's leader was Frans Goagoseb. In January 2009, the party's leader was Joseph Kauandenge. The NMDC said that Israel's actions during the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict were a