Petroleum jelly in one patient. However, petroleum jelly is used extensively by otolaryngologists—ear, nose, and throat surgeons—for nasal moisture and epistaxis treatment, and to combat nasal crusting. Large studies have assessed petroleum jelly applied to the nose for short durations to have no significant side effects. Historically, it was also consumed for internal use and even promoted as "Vaseline confection". Most petroleum jelly today is used as an ingredient in skin lotions and cosmetics, providing various types of skin care and protection by minimizing friction or reducing moisture loss, or by functioning as a grooming aid, e. g. pomade. By reducing moisture
Egg jelly sulfated fucan glycoproteins play an important role in binding to sperm receptors and triggering the acrosomal reaction. Many other functions for the egg jelly have been proposed including sperm agglomeration, protection from mechanical stress and polyspermy, and increasing the size of the egg to improve its chances of colliding with sperm. In addition to the sea urchin, egg jelly appears in many species including invertebrates and mammals, and can vary in composition and complexity from the relatively homogenous single layer sea urchin egg to the three layer egg jelly in starfish. Egg jelly Egg jelly(extracellular layer", "jelly coat) is a