The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals is discussed in detail by Lucille Ritvo.John Bowlby makes extensive reference to Darwin's ideas in his presentations of attachment theory. Constitutional (psychosomatic) theories of personality were elaborated by Paul Schilder (1886 - 1940) with his notion of the body image, by the psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer and in the (now largely discredited) somato-typology of W H Sheldon (1898 - 1977). The biology of the human emotions was further explored by Desmond Morris in his (richly illustrated) popular scientific book "Manwatching".In 2003, the New York Academy of Sciences published "Emotions Inside Out: 130 Years after Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals the actor Henry Siddons in his "Practical Illustrations of Rhetorical Gesture and Action" (1807) and by the anatomist Robert Knox in his "Manual of Artistic Anatomy" (1852) – but abandoned them as unreliable, although the text of "The Expression" is littered with quotations from Shakespeare. Darwin opens the book with three chapters on "the general principles of expression", introducing the rather Lamarckist phrase "serviceable associated habits". With this phrase, Darwin seeks to describe the initially voluntary actions which come together to constitute the complex expressions of emotion. He then invokes a principle of "antithesis", through which opposite states of mind