Chinese temple architecture also "wu" and "tongji" shamans, may perform services within these temples. Shenist temples are usually small and decorated with traditional figures on their roofs (dragons and deities), although some evolve into significant structures. Chinese temples can be found throughout Mainland China, Taiwan and also where Chinese expatriate communities settled over centuries. An old name in English for Chinese traditional temples is "joss house". "Joss" is an Anglicized spelling of the Portuguese word for "god", "deus". "Joss house" was in common use in English in western North America during frontier times, when joss houses were a common feature of Chinatowns. The
American Indian Pidgin English phenomena. American Indian Pidgin English American Indian Pidgin English (AIPE) was an English-based pidgin spoken by Europeans and Native Americans in the United States. The main geographic regions AIPE was spoken in was British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington. AIPE is mentioned in "World Englishes" as one of many factors influencing American English. American Indian Pidgin English is much more similar to English than many other English-based pidgins, and could be considered a mere ethnolect of American English. The earliest variety of Pidgin English to appear in British North America is AIPE. AIPE was used by both Europeans and the Native