Amazon rubber boom the expansion of Iquitos in Peru. The rubber boom occurred largely between 1879 and 1912. There was heightened rubber production and associated activities from 1942 to 1945 during the Second World War. Natural rubber is an elastomer, also known as tree gum, India rubber, and "caoutchouc," which comes from the rubber tree in tropical regions. Christopher Columbus was the one of the first Europeans to bring news of this odd substance back to Europe, but he was not the only one to report it. Around 1736, a French astronomer recalled how Amerindians used rubber to waterproof shoes and cloaks. He
Substance 1987 (2004) that the album is "pure pleasure" and serves as "a guidebook to 1980s pop", along with Prince's "Purple Rain" (1984) and Madonna's 1990 compilation "The Immaculate Collection". "Slant Magazine"'s Sal Cinquemani was less enthusiastic and said that the album is "undeniably a product of its time". In 2005, Will Hermes included "Substance" in his "definitive guide" to dance-rock for "Spin" magazine. Substance 1989 is the video version of "Substance" that first appeared in 1989 on VHS; it was released on LaserDisc in Japan in 1991. The cover is similar to the LP, except "1987" is replaced by "1989" (though