Kurt Lewin from a leader. Members are given choices and collectively decide the division of labor. Praise and criticism in such an environment are objective, fact minded and given by a group member without necessarily having participated extensively in the actual work. Laissez-faire environments give freedom to the group for policy determination without any participation from the leader. The leader remains uninvolved in work decisions unless asked, does not participate in the division of labor, and very infrequently gives praise. An early model of change developed by Lewin described change as a three-stage process. The first stage he called "unfreezing". It involved
John Frederick Adair John Frederick Adair John Frederick Adair (20 January 1852 – 1 April 1913) was an Irish mathematician and physicist who taught in England and Australia. He was a keen cricketer who played first class cricket for Cambridge University in 1875. Adair was born at St Stephen's Green, Dublin, the son of John Adair, lawyer of Dublin. He studied at Trinity College Dublin being scholar in 1871 and being awarded BA in mathematics in 1873. In 1874 he was admitted at Pembroke College, Cambridge where he became a scholar and was awarded BA in mathematics (7th Wrangler) in 1878. From 1878–1879