Poland (surname) cases, particularly in Ireland, the English "Poland" is a variant of "Polin", which is in turn an Anglicised form of the original Gaelic spelling of "Mac Póilín", which translated from Irish means "son of little Paul". This Irish surname originated as a patronymic, derived from a pet form of the Irish "Pól" (the English form of which is "Paul"). There are multiple formulations of the anglicised spelling quite often with the 'Mac' or 'Mc' removed, including: (Mc)Poland, (Mc)Polin, (Mc)Polland, (Mc)Pullen, (Mc)Pullin, (Mc)Polan which in Ireland come from the same original Gaelic. The variety in spelling of this Irish surname and
Mac and Mc together example has been taken as representative of a possible paradigm. A book on filing rules from 1918 gives an example showing Mc and M' treated as abbreviations, i.e. for Mac, and ordered as if in the expanded version; and a similar book from 1922 makes the rule one of a number that apply also to St. (Saint) and Mrs. (Mistress). A 1938 book that is a comparative study of cataloguing in various British libraries regarded Mac + Mc + M' sorting as an example of achieved "standardisation" in alphabetisation. It gave further examples where, it argued, such standardisation would be