Order of battle at Jutland Pentland Firth (between the Orkneys and the Scottish mainland): During the battle the Germans used the Zeppelin airships of the Naval Airship Section "(Marine Luftschiff Abteilung)" for scouting, although in the prevailing overcast conditions they were not particularly successful. The commander of the Naval Airship Section was Lt Cdr Peter Strasser, and they flew from bases at Nordholz and Hage in north-west Germany and Tondern (then part of Schleswig; the town became part of Denmark in 1920). Sortied on 31 May Sortied on 1 June Did not sortie during the Battle of Jutland Abbreviations for Officers’ Ranks (German ranks translated
Battle of the Ebro command ordered their troops to resist and not to retreat. Officers and men were executed for retreating. The battle was fought by both sides as a World War I Western Front style battle, with each side launching bloody frontal assaults on enemy positions in what became a war of attrition. The Nationalist tactic was to use artillery and aerial bombardment in small areas to soften resistance and then to launch a frontal assault with one or two infantry battalions to occupy the area. Each day 500 cannons fired more than 13,000 rounds at the Republican troops and more than 200