Respiratory disease Respiratory disease Respiratory disease is a medical term that encompasses pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange possible in higher organisms, and includes conditions of the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing. Respiratory diseases range from mild and self-limiting, such as the common cold, to life-threatening entities like bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, acute asthma and lung cancer. The study of respiratory disease is known as pulmonology. A doctor who specializes in respiratory disease is known as a pulmonologist, a chest medicine specialist, a respiratory
Person-affecting view existing in the future than has ever existed). Person-affecting views are also important in considering human population control. A weaker form of person-affecting views states that an act can only be bad if it is bad for some existing or future person. Person-affecting views can be seen as a revision of total utilitarianism in which the "scope of the aggregation" is changed from all individuals who would exist to a subset of those individuals (namely those individuals who already exist). Some philosophers who have discussed person-affecting views include Derek Parfit, John Broome, Larry Temkin, Tatjana Višak, Gustaf Arrhenius, Nick Beckstead,