Vatican Secret Archives popes also survive, including John VIII (pope 872-882) and Gregory VII (pope 1073-1085). Documentation is scant before the 13th century. Since that time, notable documents include items such as Henry VIII of England's request for a marriage annulment, a handwritten transcript of the trial against Galileo for heresy, and letters from Michelangelo complaining he had not been paid for work on the Sistine Chapel. The Archives also support their own photographic and conservation studios. The entrance to the Archives, adjacent to the Vatican Library, is through the Porta di S. Anna in via di Porta Angelica (rione of Borgo). New
Heresy in Christianity also varied over the course of time; many factors, particularly the institutional, judicial, and doctrinal development of the Church, have shaped this reaction. Heresy remained an officially punishable offence in Roman Catholic nations until the late 18th century. In Spain, heretics were prosecuted and punished during the Counter-Enlightenment movement of the restoration of the monarchy there after the Napoleonic Era. The word heresy comes from "haeresis", a Latin transliteration of the Greek word originally meaning "choosing", "choice", "course of action", or in an extended sense "school of thought" then eventually came to denote warring factions and the party spirit by