Incense in China "Xiangbang" (香棒, with "stick; club") means "incense stick; joss stick". Two "incense" synonyms specifying religious offerings to ancestors or deities are "gāoxiāng" (高香, ""high incense"") and "gōngxiāng" (供香, ""offering incense""). The Sunni Muslim Hui Gedimu and the Yihewani burned incense during worship. This was viewed as Daoist or Buddhist influence. The Hui, also known as "White-capped HuiHui", used incense during worship, while the Salar, also known as "black-capped HuiHui" considered this to be a heathen ritual and denounced it. The Chinese developed a sophisticated art form with incense burning like with tea and calligraphy called xiangdao (香道). It involves various
Deus caritas est into English as , while in most contemporary English translations it reads "God is love" (since the word "charity" is derived from ). The Latin version of the First Epistle of John uses the same formulation, "Deus caritas est", at the end of translating . This second biblical reference is not mentioned in the encyclical. In this encyclical, Benedict reflects on the concepts of "eros", "agape", and "philia", and their relationship with the teachings of Jesus. "Eros" and "agape" are two of the various Greek words for love, each of which has a slightly different shade of meaning: "agape" is