Redcurrant in Europe, Asia and North America, also with edible fruit. These include "Ribes spicatum" (northern Europe and northern Asia), "Ribes alpinum" (northern Europe), "R. schlechtendalii" (northeast Europe), "R. multiflorum" (southeast Europe), "R. petraeum" (southwest Europe) and "R. triste" (North America; Newfoundland to Alaska and southward in mountains). While "Ribes rubrum" and "R. nigrum" are native to northern and eastern Europe, large berried cultivars of the redcurrant were first produced in Belgium and northern France in the 17th century. In modern times, numerous cultivars have been selected; some of these have escaped gardens and can be found in the wild across
Epicoccum nigrum "E. nigrum". Epicocconone is a fluorescent pigment unique to "E. nigrum". Epicocconone is valuable in terms of its ability to pigment cells orange, which then fluoresce red without impacting cell structure or function. Industrially, "E. nigrum" has a variety of broad applications. It has demonstrated a capacity to biosynthesize nanoparticles from silver and gold, which have applications in chemical, industrial, and medical processes. It has been applied as biological treatment for mechanical oily effluent, reducing the content of hydrogen peroxide, phenols, and chemical oxygen demand in the oily effluent. "Epicoccum nigrum" pigments have been considered as natural replacements for artificial