Poaceae with silica phytoliths, which discourage grazing animals; some, such as sword grass, are sharp enough to cut human skin. A membranous appendage or fringe of hairs called the ligule lies at the junction between sheath and blade, preventing water or insects from penetrating into the sheath. Flowers of Poaceae are characteristically arranged in spikelets, each having one or more florets. The spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes. The part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla. A spikelet consists of two (or sometimes fewer) bracts at the base, called glumes, followed by one or
Fijivirus for translation. The positive RNAs become enclosed within the virion, and then are transcribed to give RNA molecules. With the newly formed molecule, it then becomes base-paired to produce the dsRNA genomes as described above. Mature virions are released following cell death and the breakdown of the affected hosts plasma membrane. Host: Plants (Gramineae), and planthoppers (vectors) The virus is transmitted by planthoppers, which are insects, or other types of organisms. The virus will infect the phloem tissues of their Gramineae hosts. If the presence of a gall appears, usually located on specific parts of the plant, it can represent