Track spikes Emil Zatopek, a distance runner from Czech Republic, wore them during the 1952 Olympics in Helesinki. The front of the sole features a rigid or semi-rigid spike plate containing between 3 and 9 threaded holes called spike wells. Spikes can be screwed into each well using a spike wrench. Recently, some individuals have attempted to add a "through hole" at the bottom of the spike to make them easier to tighten, remove, and install. Some shoes have permanent or "fixed" spikes which are not meant to be removed. Spikes may break during competition. Track shoes are exceptionally light, some shoes
Emil Wolf known as "Born and Wolf". In addition he co-authored, with Leonard Mandel, "Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics". He also authored "Introduction to the Theory of Coherence and Polarization of Light" and "Selected Works of Emil Wolf with Commentary" (World Scientific Publishing, 2001, ). Furthermore, he edited the "Progress in Optics" series of books, for Elsevier, from its inception in 1962. Emil Wolf Emil Wolf (July 30, 1922 – June 2, 2018) was a Czech-born American physicist who made advancements in physical optics, including diffraction, coherence properties of optical fields, spectroscopy of partially coherent radiation, and the theory of direct scattering