The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals in the James-Lange theory of emotions, James develops Darwin's emphasis on the physical aspects, including the visceral (autonomically mediated) components of emotion. In Walter Cannon's "Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage" (1915), Cannon introduces the famous phrase "fight or flight response", formulating emotions in terms of strategies for interpersonal behaviour. More recent psychological theories of emotion have been set out in the Papez-Maclean hypothesis and the Two factor theory of emotion. On 24 January 1895, James Crichton-Browne delivered a notable lecture in Dumfries, Scotland "On Emotional Expression", presenting some of his reservations about Darwin's views. Crichton-Browne argued for
Body language of dogs emotions, or communicating intentions. Understanding the body language of dogs can also aid in optimal obedience training, as observation of body language may reveal when the dog is most motivated and therefore provides a time-frame whereby dogs will learn more readily. In general, accurately assessing the body language of dogs is quite beneficial as it allows humans to react appropriately to emotions and intentions of the dog. Thus, it fosters successful companionship between the dog owner and pet. Alternatively, ignoring the body language of dogs can pose as a threat for not only humans, but for dogs too. Properly assessing