Haiku composition. Shiki's revisionism dealt a severe blow to renku and surviving haikai schools. The term "hokku" is now used chiefly in its original sense of the opening verse of a renku, and rarely to distinguish haiku written before Shiki's time. Haibun is a combination of prose and haiku, often autobiographical or written in the form of a travel journal. Haiga is a style of Japanese painting based on the aesthetics of haikai, and usually including a haiku. Today, haiga artists combine haiku with paintings, photographs and other art. The carving of famous haiku on natural stone to make poem monuments
Japanese consonant and vowel verbs verbs ended in "-hu," which is still seen on occasion in historical kana usage, and thus unambiguously ended in "h". The terms "consonant-stem" and "vowel-stem" come from considering the invariant part of the verb (the verb stem) on the basis of phonemes – concretely, by writing in rōmaji. This is an abstract perspective, as the consonant stem itself never occurs independently, but only with a following vowel, as Japanese words are formed of morae – concretely, writing in kana. For example, while the stem of "yomu" is "yom-," the bare *"yom" is not an independent word. The standard Japanese terms,