Panama disease Panama disease Panama disease is a plant disease of the roots of banana plants. It is a type of fusarium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen "Fusarium oxysporum" f. sp." cubense" (Foc). The pathogen is resistant to fungicide and cannot be controlled chemically. During the 1950s, Panama disease wiped out most commercial Gros Michel banana production. The Gros Michel banana was the dominant cultivar of bananas, and the blight inflicted enormous costs and forced producers to switch to other, disease-resistant cultivars. New strains of Panama disease currently threaten the production of today's most popular cultivar, Cavendish. Two external symptoms help
Scald (barley disease) of the disease involves the use of clean and/or treated seeds, resistant cultivars, crop rotation, residue management, and foliar fungicides. Cultivars with scald resistance are available in all major barley growing areas. The level of resistance occurs along a spectrum and the degree of resistance that is required to effectively control the disease will depend on the region where it is grown, cropping practices that reduce initial disease inoculum, wetter conditions and fungal pathotypes. Foliar fungicides can be used to effectively control disease development. Product selection, application rates and timing, depend upon numerous factors. The availability of fungicides as a