Smith (surname) usage has passed into "Smitty" being used as a surname itself. Other languages with different words for the occupation of "smith" or "blacksmith" also produced surnames based on that root. Words derived from the Latin term for smith (literally "one who works with iron"), such as the Italian words "fabbro" and "ferraio", are the root of last names common in several parts of Europe. In Ireland and Scotland, the word for smith, "gobha", is found in the surname "MacGouren"/"MacGouran"/"MacGowan"/"McGowan". This surname is an Anglicised form of "Mac a' Ghobhainn" (Scottish Gaelic), "Mac Gabhann" (Irish), meaning "son of the smith". In
Mac and Mc together example has been taken as representative of a possible paradigm. A book on filing rules from 1918 gives an example showing Mc and M' treated as abbreviations, i.e. for Mac, and ordered as if in the expanded version; and a similar book from 1922 makes the rule one of a number that apply also to St. (Saint) and Mrs. (Mistress). A 1938 book that is a comparative study of cataloguing in various British libraries regarded Mac + Mc + M' sorting as an example of achieved "standardisation" in alphabetisation. It gave further examples where, it argued, such standardisation would be