Timeline of United States discoveries 4–6, 1942 and the decisive turning point of the Pacific War when the United States Navy defeated an attack by the Empire of Japan. First known as "Middlebrooks Islands", Midway Atoll was discovered by U.S. Captain N.C. Brooks aboard his ship, "Gambia", on July 8, 1859. 1859 Petroleum jelly Petroleum jelly, petrolatum or soft paraffin is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties. The raw material for petroleum jelly was discovered in 1859 by Robert Chesebrough, a chemist from New York. In 1870, this product was branded as Vaseline Petroleum Jelly. 1873
Egg jelly sulfated fucan glycoproteins play an important role in binding to sperm receptors and triggering the acrosomal reaction. Many other functions for the egg jelly have been proposed including sperm agglomeration, protection from mechanical stress and polyspermy, and increasing the size of the egg to improve its chances of colliding with sperm. In addition to the sea urchin, egg jelly appears in many species including invertebrates and mammals, and can vary in composition and complexity from the relatively homogenous single layer sea urchin egg to the three layer egg jelly in starfish. Egg jelly Egg jelly(extracellular layer", "jelly coat) is a