Reed water tube boiler straight tubes through which water and steam circulated more freely, it was considered by some contemporary writers on the subject such as Leslie S. Robertson as "behind" in its circulation because of the absence of down-comers. Whereas the Yarrow boilers fitted to the armoured cruiser of 1905 evaporated 11.664 pounds (5.291 kg) of water per pound (454 g) of coal at 100 degrees centigrade (212 degrees Fahrenheit) with natural draught, by the same measure a Reed boiler as fitted to the torpedo boat destroyer of 1896 evaporated 12 pounds (5.44 kg). An advantage of the Yarrow boiler was in weight:
Mastogloia Sea a new outlet at the Great Belt. The Ancylus Lake reached the level of the sea ca. 8500 years ago, marking the beginning of the Mastogloia Sea (Björck 1995, Donner 1995). At this time the global sea level was rising rapidly as the melting of the last remnants of the great ice age ice sheets still continued (Fleming "et al." 1998). As a result, some amounts of salt water started to penetrate into the Baltic basin through the Danish straits, mixing into the vast freshwater body. This resulted in slightly brackish conditions in the Baltic. The Mastogloia Sea bears the