Incense "joss" is derived from the Latin "deus" (god) via the Portuguese "deos" through the Javanese "dejos", through Chinese pidgin English. The raw materials are powdered and then mixed together with a binder to form a paste, which, for direct burning incense, is then cut and dried into pellets. Incense of the Athonite Orthodox Christian tradition is made by powdering frankincense or fir resin, mixing it with essential oils. Floral fragrances are the most common, but citrus such as lemon is not uncommon. The incense mixture is then rolled out into a slab approximately 1 cm thick and left until the
West African Pidgin English book titled "A Voyage to the River Sierra-Leone on the Coast of Africa". Matthews refers to West African Pidgin English as a "jargon", and he warns Europeans coming to Africa that they will fail to understand the Africans unless they recognize that there are significant differences between English and the coastal pidgin: West African Pidgin English remained in use in West Africa after the slave trade and, later, European colonization ended. Many distinct regional variants of the language emerged. Looked down upon in colonial times as a bastardization of proper English – a stigma still attached to it by some