Emotions and culture society. Therefore, it can be said that culture is a necessary framework for researchers to understand variations in emotions. In Darwin's opening chapter of "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals", (1872/1998) Darwin considered the face to be the preeminent medium of emotional expression in humans, and capable of representing both major emotions and subtle variations within each one. Darwin's ideas about facial expressions and his reports of cultural differences became the foundation for ethological research strategies. Silvan Tomkins' (1962) "Affect Theory" 1963) built upon Darwin's research, arguing that facial expressions are biologically based, and universal manifestations of
Animals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress Salt is undoubtedly ahead of his age by many years." A new edition of the book was published in 1980 with a preface by the Australian philosopher Peter Singer, who is well known for his work on the ethics of treatment towards animals (specifically in the book "Animal Liberation"). The 1980 reissue prompted a review from Stephen Clark who praised Salt's book with some provisos. He states that Salt's attempt to blame the treatment of non-human animals on the theological doctrine of man having "dominion" over the natural world was mistaken. Animals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress Animals'