Reed water tube boiler straight tubes through which water and steam circulated more freely, it was considered by some contemporary writers on the subject such as Leslie S. Robertson as "behind" in its circulation because of the absence of down-comers. Whereas the Yarrow boilers fitted to the armoured cruiser of 1905 evaporated 11.664 pounds (5.291 kg) of water per pound (454 g) of coal at 100 degrees centigrade (212 degrees Fahrenheit) with natural draught, by the same measure a Reed boiler as fitted to the torpedo boat destroyer of 1896 evaporated 12 pounds (5.44 kg). An advantage of the Yarrow boiler was in weight:
Eustatic sea level ocean water mass (ice sheet runoff) • When an ice sheet such as Greenland begins to lose its ice mass due to melt, the liquid water is transported to the ocean. According to the ‘bathtub theory’, ice sheet runoff from Greenland will effect Eustatic sea level in all areas of the world whether proximal or distant. • Ocean water mass may also shrink in size if continental ice sheet grow in size, thereby removing liquid water from oceans and converting them to grow ice sheets 2. Changes in the size of the ocean basin (GIA: glacial isostatic adjustment) • The