The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals in the laying out of the sandwalk, his "thinking path", at Down House in Kent in 1846. These aspects of Darwin's personal life are discussed in John Bowlby's (1990) psychoanalytic biography of Darwin. Darwin emphasises a shared human and animal ancestry in sharp contrast to the arguments deployed in Charles Bell's "Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression" (1824). Bell claimed that the facial muscles were divinely designed in order to express uniquely human feelings. Eager to stress the differences between human and animal communication, Bell wrote: "Expression is to the passions as language is to thought." In "The Expression", Darwin reformulates
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals and a "geologizing expedition" – but actually spent some of his time re-exploring the old haunts of his undergraduate days. On the day of the coronation, 28 June 1838, Darwin was in Edinburgh. A few weeks later, he opened a private notebook with philosophical and psychological speculation – the "M Notebook" – and, over the next three months, filled it with his thoughts about possible interactions of hereditary factors with the mental and behavioural aspects of life.It should also be noted that Darwin made his first attempt at autobiography in August 1838. The critical importance of the "M Notebook" has