Vowel whose quality does not change over the duration of the vowel is called a monophthong. Monophthongs are sometimes called "pure" or "stable" vowels. A vowel sound that glides from one quality to another is called a diphthong, and a vowel sound that glides successively through three qualities is a triphthong. All languages have monophthongs and many languages have diphthongs, but triphthongs or vowel sounds with even more target qualities are relatively rare cross-linguistically. English has all three types: the vowel sound in "hit" is a monophthong , the vowel sound in "boy" is in most dialects a diphthong , and
Types of Karma (Jainism) sensations (vedanīya). In other therms these non-harming karmas are: "nāma" (body determining karma), "āyu" (life span determining karma), "gotra" (status determining karma) and "vedanīya" (feeling producing karma) respectively. Different types of karmas thus affect the soul in different ways as per their nature. Each of these types has various sub-types. "Tattvārthasūtra" generally speaks of 148 sub-types of karmas in all. These are: 5 of "jñānavaraṇa", 9 of "darśanavaraṇa", 2 of "vedanīya", 28 of "mohanīya" 4 of "āyuṣka", 93 of "nāma", 2 of "gotra", and 5 of "antarāya". "Ghātiyā karmas" (harming karmas) directly affect the attributes of the soul. These are: