Ptolemy or optical factors and those caused by judgmental factors. He offered an obscure explanation of the sun or moon illusion (the enlarged apparent size on the horizon) based on the difficulty of looking upwards. There are several characters or items named after Ptolemy, including: [[File:Ptolemaeus - Quadripartitum, 1622 - 4658973.tif|thumb|"Quadripartitum", 1622]] [[Category:Ptolemy| ]] [[Category:100 births]] [[Category:170 deaths]] [[Category:1st-century Romans]] [[Category:2nd-century Romans]] [[Category:2nd-century philosophers]] [[Category:2nd-century poets]] [[Category:Egyptian calendar]] [[Category:Ancient Greek astrologers]] [[Category:Ancient Greek astronomers]] [[Category:Ancient Greek mathematicians]] [[Category:Ancient Greek music theorists]] [[Category:Astrological writers]] [[Category:Claudii]] [[Category:Egyptian astronomers]] [[Category:Egyptian mathematicians]] [[Category:Epigrammatists of the Greek Anthology]] [[Category:2nd-century people of Roman Egypt]] [[Category:Ancient Greek geographers]]
Ptolemy XII Auletes funding and military assistance of the Roman Republic, which officially viewed Ptolemy XII as one of its client rulers, he was able to recapture Ptolemaic Egypt and have his rival daughter Berenice IV killed. On his death he was succeeded by his daughter Cleopatra VII and son Ptolemy XIII as joint rulers, as stipulated in his will and testament. Ptolemy XII reigned during the late Hellenistic period preceding the Roman conquest of Egypt. He is assumed to have been an illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX. His mother is unknown, speculated to have been either Cleopatra IV or a Greek Alexandrian