The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals typically accompanies blushing. A German translation of "The Expression" appeared in 1872; Dutch and French versions followed in 1873 and 1874. A second edition of the book, with only minor alterations, was published in 1890. Before Darwin, human emotional life had posed problems to the western philosophical categories of "mind" and "body". Darwin's interest can be traced to his time as a medical student and the 1824 reprint of Sir Charles Bell's "Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression" which argued for a spiritual dimension to the subject. In contrast, Darwin's biological approach links mental states to the coordination of movement, and
History of beliefs about the human body as imbalances of the 4 fluids of the body. Aristotle was unable to dissect humans but did so to many animals and was a early founder of comparative anatomy. Aristotle did contend quasi spiritual manifestations of the body principally through sexual distinctions. He wrote that the sex of humans: “is determined by the male principle already contained in the semen. If this is not strong enough, then the opposite must necessarily come into existence, and the opposite of man is woman.” Aristotle clearly superimposed man as the more important figure in men and women but presents an almost Qi like