Insulin (medication) testing and occasionally skin biopsy. First line therapy against insulin hypersensitivity reactions include symptomatic therapy with antihistamines. The affected persons are then switched to a preparation that does not contain the specific agent they are reacting to or undergo desensitization. Insulin is an endogenous hormone, which is produced by the pancreas. The insulin protein has been highly conserved across evolutionary time, and is present in both mammals and invertebrates. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway (IIS) has been extensively studied in species including nematode worms (e.g."C. elegans"), flies ("Drosophila melanogaster") and mice ("Mus musculus"). Its mechanisms of action are highly
Human reproductive ecology from hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian axis. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretes from the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic GnRH pulse influences the pulsatile secretion of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland . During the menstrual cycle, due to a decreased level of inhibin-A and steroid hormones, the level of FSH increases . Due to these hormonal changes, the corpus luteum gets destroyed. The elevated level of FSH helps to recruit a cohort of the FSH-sensitive antral follicles in that cycle . During this phase, elevated FSH level stimulates the production of estradiol, Inhibin A and B. Following that,