Peptide hormone growth hormone, which acts on bone, muscle, and the liver. The posterior pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone, also called vasopressin, and oxytocin. The parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone, the main hormone responsible for regulating serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Peptide hormones are also produced by many different organs and tissues, including the heart (atrial-natriuretic peptide (ANP) or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)) and pancreas (glucagon, insulin and somatostatin), the gastrointestinal tract (cholecystokinin, gastrin), and adipose tissue stores (leptin). Peptide hormone Peptide hormones or protein hormones are hormones whose molecules are peptides or proteins, respectively. The latter have longer amino acid chain
Insulin resistance to diplomat” the insensitivity of skeletal muscle to insulin could divert the glucose to the brain, which doesn’t require insulin receptors. This has shown increased in cognitive development across various studies. Insulin resistance Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as a pathological condition in which cells fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin. To prevent hyperglycemia and noticeable organ damage over time, the body produces insulin when glucose starts to be released into the bloodstream, primarily from the digestion of carbohydrates in the diet. Under normal conditions of insulin reactivity, this insulin response triggers glucose being taken into body cells,