Sultan to as a sultanate ( "). The term is distinct from king ( "), despite both referring to a sovereign ruler. The use of "sultan" is restricted to Muslim countries, where the title carries religious significance, contrasting the more secular "king", which is used in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. A feminine form of "sultan", used by Westerners, is Sultana or Sultanah and this title has been used legally for some (not all) Muslim women monarchs and sultan's mothers and chief consorts. However, Turkish and Ottoman Turkish also uses "sultan" for imperial lady, as Turkish grammar—which is influenced by Persian
Sultan Hadlirin Sultan Hadlirin Sultan Hadlirin or also known as Toyib of Kalinyamat, is the duke () of Kalinyamat, a vassal of Demak Sultanate. He was dubbed as Sultan Hadlirin because he came to Jepara to propagate Islam in Java. Sultan of Hadliri's wife is the princess of Demak, the daughter of Demak Sultan Trenggana, "Ratna Kencana", which popularly known as Ratu Kalinyamat. Sultan of Hadlirin ruled te area now corresponds to the Jepara Regency, Kudus Regency, Pati Regency, Rembang Regency and Mataram. He was of non-Javanese origin. Some version mentioned him as a Chinese Muslim merchant named Win-tang stranded on Jepara