Newcastle disease lungs, brain, spleen, liver, and kidneys. Prior to shipping, samples should be stored at 4 °C (refrigerator). Samples must be shipped in a padded envelope or box. Samples may be sent by regular mail, but overnight is recommended. Any animals showing symptoms of Newcastle disease should be isolated immediately. New birds should also be vaccinated before being introduced to a flock. An inactivated viral vaccine is available, as well as various combination vaccines. A thermotolerant vaccine is available for controlling Newcastle disease in underdeveloped countries. Newcastle disease Newcastle disease is a contagious viral bird disease affecting many domestic and wild
Citrus stubborn disease orchard. In addition, it is important to closely monitor the weeds in young orchards to ensure that they are not susceptible to "Spiroplasma citri", and if susceptible ones appear, to remove them as soon as possible"." Citrus stubborn disease The Citrus stubborn disease is a plant disease affecting species in the genus "Citrus". "Spiroplasma citri", a Mollicute bacterium species, is the causative agent of the disease. It is present in the phloem of the affected plant and transmitted by several leafhoppers including "Circulifer tenellus" (beet leafhopper) and "Scaphytopius nitridus" in citrus-growing regions of California and Arizona and "Circulifer haematoceps" in