Track spikes Emil Zatopek, a distance runner from Czech Republic, wore them during the 1952 Olympics in Helesinki. The front of the sole features a rigid or semi-rigid spike plate containing between 3 and 9 threaded holes called spike wells. Spikes can be screwed into each well using a spike wrench. Recently, some individuals have attempted to add a "through hole" at the bottom of the spike to make them easier to tighten, remove, and install. Some shoes have permanent or "fixed" spikes which are not meant to be removed. Spikes may break during competition. Track shoes are exceptionally light, some shoes
Jacob Emil van Hoogstraten of Brilliant Jade the next year. After retirement, he returned to the Netherlands and settled in The Hague, where he lived for over 30 years until his death on 17 March 1991. Jacob Emil van Hoogstraten Jacob Emil "Dick" van Hoogstraten (1898–1991) was a Dutch public servant in the Dutch East Indies from 1922 to 1949, functioning as Director of the Department of Economic Affairs from 1942 to 1949 . He was one of the architects of economic recovery from the economic crisis of the early-1930s and the economic set-back of the Japanese occupation during the early-1940s in Indonesia. Van