Sultan grammar—uses the same words for both women and men. However, this styling misconstrues the roles of wives of sultans. In a similar usage, the wife of a German field marshal might be styled "Frau Feldmarschall" (similarly, in French, constructions of the type "madame la maréchale" are quite common). The female leaders in Muslim history are correctly known as "sultanas". However, the wife of the sultan in the Sultanate of Sulu is styled as the "panguian" while the sultan's chief wife in many sultanates of Indonesia and Malaysia are known as "permaisuri", "Tunku Ampuan", "Raja Perempuan", or "Tengku Ampuan". The queen
Sultan rulers, generally rendered in Arabic and in western languages as Sultan: This was the native ruler's title in the Tanzanian state of Uhehe a female sultan In Indonesia (formerly in the Dutch East Indies): In Malaysia: In Brunei: In China: In the Philippines: In Thailand: In some parts of the Middle East and North Africa, there still exist regional sultans or people who are descendants of sultans and who are styled as such. See List of current constituent Asian monarchs and List of current constituent African monarchs By the beginning of the 16th century, the title sultan was carried by