Ribes aureum where the fungus is active to prevent its spread. Ribes aureum Ribes aureum, known by the common names golden currant, clove currant, pruterberry and buffalo currant, is a species in the genus "Ribes". It is native to Canada, most of the United States (except the southeast) and northern Mexico. The variety "Ribes aureum" var. "villosum" is sometimes considered a full species, Ribes odoratum. It belongs to the subgenus "Ribes", which contains other currants, such as the blackcurrant and redcurrant ("Ribes nigrum" and "rubrum"), and is the sole member of the section "Symphocalyx". "Ribes aureum" is a small to medium-sized deciduous
Solanum nigrum from cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory failure. Livestock have also been poisoned from nitrate toxicity by grazing the leaves of "S. nigrum". All kinds of animals can be poisoned after ingesting nightshade, including cattle, sheep, poultry, and swine. However, in central Spain, the great bustard ("Otis tarda") may act as a seed disperser of European black nightshade ("Solanum nigrum"). Black nightshade is highly variable, and poisonous plant experts advise to avoid eating the berries unless they are a known edible strain. The toxin levels may also be affected by the plant's growing conditions. The toxins in "S. nigrum" are most concentrated