Machiavellianism workplace is the employment of cunning and duplicity in a business setting. It is an increasingly studied phenomenon. The root of the concept of Machiavellianism is the book "The Prince" by Machiavelli which lays out advice to rulers how to govern their subjects. Machiavellianism has been studied extensively over the past 40 years as a personality characteristic that shares features with manipulative leadership, and morally bankrupt tactics. It has in recent times been adapted and applied to the context of the workplace and organizations by many writers and academics. The Machiavellian typically only manipulates on occasions where it is necessary
Li Zhi (philosopher) women were inferior to men in native intelligence, and that many historical women such as Wu Zetian were actually superior. However, he did not believe women should be emancipated and commended widows who chose suicide over remarriage. His philosophical works included "A Book to Hide" and "A Book to Burn". He was a notable author of the xiaopin, a form of short essay. Li Zhi (philosopher) Li Zhi (1527–1602), often known by his pseudonym Zhuowu, was a Chinese philosopher, historian and writer of the late Ming Dynasty. A critic of the Neo-Confucianist views espoused by Zhu Xi, which was then