Ptolemy or optical factors and those caused by judgmental factors. He offered an obscure explanation of the sun or moon illusion (the enlarged apparent size on the horizon) based on the difficulty of looking upwards. There are several characters or items named after Ptolemy, including: [[File:Ptolemaeus - Quadripartitum, 1622 - 4658973.tif|thumb|"Quadripartitum", 1622]] [[Category:Ptolemy| ]] [[Category:100 births]] [[Category:170 deaths]] [[Category:1st-century Romans]] [[Category:2nd-century Romans]] [[Category:2nd-century philosophers]] [[Category:2nd-century poets]] [[Category:Egyptian calendar]] [[Category:Ancient Greek astrologers]] [[Category:Ancient Greek astronomers]] [[Category:Ancient Greek mathematicians]] [[Category:Ancient Greek music theorists]] [[Category:Astrological writers]] [[Category:Claudii]] [[Category:Egyptian astronomers]] [[Category:Egyptian mathematicians]] [[Category:Epigrammatists of the Greek Anthology]] [[Category:2nd-century people of Roman Egypt]] [[Category:Ancient Greek geographers]]
Ptolemy XII Auletes III. When Ptolemy XI died without a male heir, the only available male descendants of Ptolemy I were the illegitimate sons of Ptolemy IX. Living in exile in Sinope at the court of Mithridates VI, King of Pontus, they had been engaged to Mithridates' daughters before the Alexandrians recognized them as successors to the Ptolemaic kingdom instead of accepting Roman rule. As the eldest of Ptolemy IX's sons Ptolemy XII was proclaimed king as Ptolemy Neos Dionysos and married his sister or cousin Cleopatra Tryphaena, with whom he was coregent. His brother, also named Ptolemy, gained control of Cyprus. Ptolemy