Incense also known as agarbathi (or agarbatti) and joss sticks, in which an incense paste is rolled or moulded around a bamboo stick, are the main forms of incense in India. The bamboo method originated in India, and is distinct from the Nepali/Tibetan and Japanese methods of stick making without bamboo cores. Though the method is also used in the west, particularly in America, it is strongly associated with India. The basic ingredients are the bamboo stick, the paste (generally made of charcoal dust and joss/jiggit/gum/tabu powder - an adhesive made from the bark of litsea glutinosa and other trees), and
West African Pidgin English Africa as a trading language. Their enslaved children born in the Americas would have adopted different versions of West African Pidgin English as their "native" languages, thus creating a series of New World English-based creoles. The similarities among the many English-based pidgin and creole languages spoken today on "both" sides of the Atlantic are due, at least in part, to their common derivation from the early West African Pidgin English. Note the following examples: "Dem dey go for go it res" -- They are going there to eat rice "Dem dey go chop rais" -- They are going there to