The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Robert Grant's Lamarckist philosophy) ridiculed Bell's theological explanations, pointing instead to the striking similarities of human and animal biology. The meeting then ended in uproar. Forty-five years later, Darwin revisits these arguments and recruits Duchenne's (1862) unmasking of the facial mechanisms, shifting the argument from philosophical speculation to scientific discourse. Darwin's response to Bell's natural theology is discussed by Lucy Hartley (2001). In the composition of the book, Darwin drew on worldwide responses to his questionnaire (circulated in the early months of 1867) concerning emotional expression in different ethnic groups; on anthropological memories from his time on ; on conversations
A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom was published in two volumes by Andrew Dickson White, a founder of Cornell University, in 1896. In the introduction White states the original goal of his 1874 lecture on "The Battlefields of Science" and elaborated in a book "The Warfare of Science" the same year: In these volumes he chronicles the gradual emancipation of science from theology in various fields. The literal interpretation of Genesis, including denial of all death and of animals not of use to man