Pine processionary development, pine processionary caterpillars are highly irritating to the skin. Contact with the hairs of the caterpillar can cause severe rashes (urticaria) and eye irritation. Some individuals may have an allergic reaction to the caterpillar's hairs. 5th stage larvae can eject hairs when threatened or stressed; the hairs, which have the form of harpoons, then penetrate and irritate all areas of exposed skin nearby with an urticating protein. Allergic reactions may follow in susceptible individuals on subsequent exposure to the hairs. The pine processionary is an economic pest in coniferous forests in southern Europe. It is controlled to some extent
International Volcanic Health Hazard Network on preparing communities for eruptions and works closely with humanitarian agencies such as the Pan American Health Organization. IVHHN also administers the Hawaii Interagency Vog Dashboard, an online portal for information about volcanic emissions from Kilauea volcano. IVHHN was cited, by Forbes Magazine, as being an excellent source of information during the 2018 eruption crisis at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. International Volcanic Health Hazard Network The International Volcanic Health Hazard Network (IVHHN) is an organization that provides research and information on the health hazards and impacts of volcanic eruptions. IVHHN work covers a range of research areas including volcanology, toxicology, public