Ribena pure fruit syrups for the manufacture of milkshakes had been done at the Long Ashton Agriculture and Horticulture Research Station in North Somerset using a pectinase enzyme process; Ribena was essentially invented there by Vernon Charley, a scientist at the University of Bristol in 1933. The blackcurrant variety was found to contain high levels of vitamin C. The drink was launched in 1938 under the name Ribena (from the botanical name for the blackcurrant, "Ribes nigrum"). During the Second World War, other fruits rich in vitamin C, like oranges, became almost impossible to obtain in the United Kingdom, due to
Solanum nigrum varieties and forms described. The recognized subspecies are: 1. "S. nigrum" L. subsp. "nigrum" — glabrous to slightly hairy with appressed non-glandular hairs 2. "S. nigrum" L. subsp. "schultesii" (Opiz) Wessley — densely hairy with patent, glandular hairs The Solanum nigrum" complex — also known as Solanum" L. section "Solanum" — is the group of black nightshade species characterized by their lack of prickles and stellate hairs, their white flowers, and their green or black fruits arranged in an umbelliform fashion. The "Solanum" species in this group can be taxonomically confused, more so by intermediate forms and hybridization between the