Newcastle disease lungs, brain, spleen, liver, and kidneys. Prior to shipping, samples should be stored at 4 °C (refrigerator). Samples must be shipped in a padded envelope or box. Samples may be sent by regular mail, but overnight is recommended. Any animals showing symptoms of Newcastle disease should be isolated immediately. New birds should also be vaccinated before being introduced to a flock. An inactivated viral vaccine is available, as well as various combination vaccines. A thermotolerant vaccine is available for controlling Newcastle disease in underdeveloped countries. Newcastle disease Newcastle disease is a contagious viral bird disease affecting many domestic and wild
Citrus leprosis disease Citrus leprosis disease Citrus leprosis (CL) is an economically important viral disease affecting citrus crops. This emerging disease is widely distributed in South and Central America, from Argentina to Mexico. The disease is associated with up to three different non-systemic viruses, which cause similar symptoms in the citrus hosts and are transmitted by the same vector, mites of the genus "Brevipalpus"; although they have vastly different genomes. Citrus leprosis virus" nuclear type (CiLV-N) is found in the nuclei and cytoplasm of infected cells, while Citrus leprosis virus" cytoplasmic type (CiLV-C) is found in the endoplasmic reticulum. In 2012, a new