Percival Lowell detail in mid-1896 soon after the Alvan Clark & Sons refracting telescope was installed at his new Flagstaff, Arizona observatory. Lowell observed the planet high in the daytime sky with the telescope's lens stopped down to 3 inches in diameter to reduce the effect of the turbulent daytime atmosphere. Lowell observed spoke-like surface features including a central dark spot, contrary to what was suspected then (and known now): that Venus has no surface features visible from Earth, being covered in an atmosphere that is opaque. It has been noted in a 2003 "Journal for the History of Astronomy" paper and
Lowell State College Lowell State College Lowell State College was a public college located in Lowell, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1894 as the Lowell Normal School, it was chartered as teacher training institution for women. The college merged with nearby Lowell Technological Institute in 1975 to become the University of Lowell, a comprehensive institution. In 1991, the campus was incorporated into the University of Massachusetts system as the University of Massachusetts Lowell. The Lowell Normal School was chartered in 1894 as a teacher training institution for women. The tenth and final normal school to be established in Massachusetts, it opened in 1898