Interstitial lung disease Interstitial lung disease Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), is a group of lung diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue and space around the air sacs of the lungs). It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. It may occur when an injury to the lungs triggers an abnormal healing response. Ordinarily, the body generates just the right amount of tissue to repair damage. But in interstitial lung disease, the repair process goes awry and the tissue around the air sacs (alveoli) becomes scarred and thickened. This makes it more difficult
Citrus stubborn disease orchard. In addition, it is important to closely monitor the weeds in young orchards to ensure that they are not susceptible to "Spiroplasma citri", and if susceptible ones appear, to remove them as soon as possible"." Citrus stubborn disease The Citrus stubborn disease is a plant disease affecting species in the genus "Citrus". "Spiroplasma citri", a Mollicute bacterium species, is the causative agent of the disease. It is present in the phloem of the affected plant and transmitted by several leafhoppers including "Circulifer tenellus" (beet leafhopper) and "Scaphytopius nitridus" in citrus-growing regions of California and Arizona and "Circulifer haematoceps" in