Poaceae groups, using the C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways for carbon fixation. The C4 grasses have a photosynthetic pathway, linked to specialized Kranz leaf anatomy, which allows for increased water use efficiency, rendering them better adapted to hot, arid environments and those lacking in carbon dioxide. The C3 grasses are referred to as "cool-season" grasses, while the C4 plants are considered "warm-season" grasses. The grass family is one of the most widely distributed and abundant groups of plants on Earth. Grasses are found on every continent, including Antarctica with the presence of Antarctic hair grass on the Antarctic Peninsula. Grasses are
Fijivirus for translation. The positive RNAs become enclosed within the virion, and then are transcribed to give RNA molecules. With the newly formed molecule, it then becomes base-paired to produce the dsRNA genomes as described above. Mature virions are released following cell death and the breakdown of the affected hosts plasma membrane. Host: Plants (Gramineae), and planthoppers (vectors) The virus is transmitted by planthoppers, which are insects, or other types of organisms. The virus will infect the phloem tissues of their Gramineae hosts. If the presence of a gall appears, usually located on specific parts of the plant, it can represent