The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals in the James-Lange theory of emotions, James develops Darwin's emphasis on the physical aspects, including the visceral (autonomically mediated) components of emotion. In Walter Cannon's "Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage" (1915), Cannon introduces the famous phrase "fight or flight response", formulating emotions in terms of strategies for interpersonal behaviour. More recent psychological theories of emotion have been set out in the Papez-Maclean hypothesis and the Two factor theory of emotion. On 24 January 1895, James Crichton-Browne delivered a notable lecture in Dumfries, Scotland "On Emotional Expression", presenting some of his reservations about Darwin's views. Crichton-Browne argued for
Emotion in animals to experience emotions in a similar way to humans. The problem is made more problematic by the difficulties in testing for emotions in animals. What is known about human emotion is almost all related or in relation to human communication. In recent years, the scientific community has become increasingly supportive of the idea of emotions in animals. Scientific research has provided insight into similarities of physiological changes between humans and animals when experiencing emotion. Much support for animal emotion and its expression results from the notion that feeling emotions doesn't require significant cognitive processes, rather, they could be motivated by