Name of Iran their country "Arya", "Iran", "Iranshahr", "Iranzamin" (Land of Iran), "Aryānām" (the equivalent of "Iran" in the proto-Iranian language) or its equivalents. The term "Arya" has been used by the Iranian people, as well as by the rulers and emperors of Iran, from the time of the Avesta. Evidently from the time of the Sassanids (226–651 CE) Iranians have called it "Iran", meaning "the land of Aryans" and "Iranshahr". In Middle Persian sources, the name "Arya" and "Iran" is used for the pre-Sassanid Iranian empires as well as the Sassanid empire. As an example, the use of the name "Iran" for
Self-translation History and Theory of Literary Self-Translation". Some of the prominent self-translators are Chaucer, Thomas More, Vladimir Nabokov, Samuel Beckett, Karen Blixen, Chinghiz Aitmatov and Julien Green. According to Julio-César Santoyo the history of self-translation can be traced back to the Middle Ages. Countries where literary self-translation is predominantly seen are Africa, China, France, India, Spain, and the United States. Some of the prominent self-translators in Africa are Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o in Kenya and André Brink and Antjie Krog in South Africa. Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o writes in Gĩkũyũ and English. André Brink and Antjie Krog are both writing in Afrikaans and