Fiscal policy an example is Zimbabwe and Germany. The method is however inflationary. A fiscal deficit is often funded by issuing bonds, like treasury bills or consols and gilt-edged securities. These pay interest, either for a fixed period or indefinitely. If the interest and capital requirements are too large, a nation may default on its debts, usually to foreign creditors. Public debt or borrowing refers to the government borrowing from the public. A fiscal surplus is often saved for future use, and may be invested in either local currency or any financial instrument that may be traded later once resources are needed.
Irish Fiscal Advisory Council in the United Kingdom (also formed after the financial crisis), and other equivalent members of the "Network of European Union Independent Fiscal Institutions" (which IFAC joined in September 2015). IFAC is structured as a Council of 5 members (one Chairperson) and a supporting analytical team of circa 6. The formal mandate of the Irish Fiscal Advisory Council (per IFAC website) is to: IFAC has been well received by Irish financial commentators and its publications are widely covered in the Irish media. The key mandated publications of the Irish Fiscal Advisory Council are: The Irish Fiscal Advisory Council has commenced an