Metal fume fever metals, such as chromium, vanadium and cerium. Cadmium is often replaced by other metals. Zinc or nickel plating can be used instead of cadmium plating, and brazing filler alloys now rarely contain cadmium. Metal fume fever Metal fume fever, also known as brass founders' ague, brass shakes, zinc shakes, galvie flu, metal dust fever, Welding Shivers, or Monday morning fever, is an illness primarily caused by exposure to chemicals such as zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminium oxide (AlO), or magnesium oxide (MgO) which are produced as byproducts in the fumes that result when certain metals are heated. Other common sources are
High entropy alloys greater than or equal to 1.1 to promote solid solution development. The atomic radii of the components must also be similar in order to form a solid solution. Zhang et al. proposed a parameter δ representing the difference in atomic radii: where r is the atomic radius of element i and formula_8. Formation of a solid solution phase requires a δ≤6.6%, but some alloys with 4%<δ≤6.6% do form intermetallics. For those alloys that do form solid solutions, an additional empirical parameter has been proposed to predict the crystal structure that will form. If the average valence electron concentration (VEC) of