Fungus (see below), which are produced by very closely related "Aspergilli". Quorn, a meat substitute, is made from "Fusarium venenatum". Edible mushrooms include commercially raised and wild-harvested fungi. "Agaricus bisporus", sold as button mushrooms when small or Portobello mushrooms when larger, is the most widely cultivated species in the West, used in salads, soups, and many other dishes. Many Asian fungi are commercially grown and have increased in popularity in the West. They are often available fresh in grocery stores and markets, including straw mushrooms ("Volvariella volvacea"), oyster mushrooms ("Pleurotus ostreatus"), shiitakes ("Lentinula edodes"), and enokitake ("Flammulina" spp.). Many other mushroom
Chestnut inner skins. American chestnuts are usually very small (around ), but sweet-tasting with easy-to-remove pellicles. Some Japanese varieties have very large nuts (around ), with typically difficult-to-remove pellicles. Chinese chestnut pellicles are usually easy to remove, and their sizes vary greatly according to the varieties, although usually smaller than the Japanese chestnut. The sweet chestnut was introduced into Europe from Sardis, in Asia Minor; the fruit was then called the Sardian nut. It has been a staple food in southern Europe, Turkey, and southwestern and eastern Asia for millennia, largely replacing cereals where these would not grow well, if at