Light-harvesting complexes of green plants light energy in the photosystem. Light-harvesting complexes of green plants The light-harvesting complex (or antenna complex) is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of plants, which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll "a" molecule at the reaction center of a photosystem. The antenna pigments are predominantly chlorophyll "b", xanthophylls, and carotenes. Chlorophyll "a" is known as the core pigment. Their absorption spectra are non-overlapping and broaden the range of light that can be absorbed in photosynthesis. The carotenoids have another role as an antioxidant to prevent photo-oxidative damage of chlorophyll molecules. Each antenna complex
Photon energy to date, very-high-energy gamma rays, have photon energies of 100 GeV to 100 TeV (10 to 10 electronvolts) or 0.016 microjoules to 0.016 millijoules. This corresponds to frequencies of 2.42 × 10 to 2.42 × 10 Hz. A photon with a wavelength equal to the Planck length would have an energy of about 7.671 × 10 eV or 1.229 × 10 joules (12.29 gigajoules). This is roughly the amount of energy produced by the world's most powerful coal-fired power station, the Taichung Power Plant, during a period of 2.25 seconds. During photosynthesis, specific chlorophyll molecules absorb red-light photons at a