Mastodon Mastodon Mastodons (Greek: μαστός "breast" and ὀδούς, "tooth") are any species of extinct proboscideans in the genus Mammut (family Mammutidae), distantly related to elephants, that inhabited North and Central America during the late Miocene or late Pliocene up to their extinction at the end of the Pleistocene 10,000 to 11,000 years ago. Mastodons lived in herds and were predominantly forest dwelling animals that fed on a mixed diet obtained by browsing and grazing with a seasonal preference for browsing, similar to living elephants. "M. americanum", the American mastodon, is the youngest and best-known species of the genus. They disappeared from
Relative return a meaningful sense for absolute return strategies. After all, the neutral position of these portfolios is to be fully invested in cash without any other long or short positions. Thus, the risk-free rate is an appropriate benchmark to use for measuring the relative return of absolute return strategies. Relative return Relative return is a measure of the return of an investment portfolio relative to a theoretical passive reference portfolio or benchmark. In active portfolio management, the aim is to maximize the relative return (often subject to a risk constraint). In passive portfolio management, the aim is to obtain a relative