Water on Mars any point in the year but would be ideal for solid carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide melting in the warmer summer would yield liquid carbon dioxide which would then form the gullies. Even if gullies are carved by flowing water at the surface, the exact source of the water and the mechanisms behind its motion are not understood. The dry gullies are deep grooves etched into the slopes that are there year-round. There are many other features on Mars, and some of them change seasonally. In August 2011, NASA announced the discovery by undergraduate student Lujendra Ojha of current seasonal
Exploration of Mars Mars, after the Soviet space program, NASA and ESA. India became the first country to successfully place a spacecraft into Mars orbit on its maiden attempt. The "ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter" arrived at Mars in 2016 and deployed the Schiaparelli EDM lander, a test lander. Schiaparelli crashed on surface, but it transmitted key data during its parachute descent, so the test was declared a partial success. The following entails a brief overview of Mars exploration, oriented towards orbiters and flybys; see also Mars landing and Mars rover. Between 1960 and 1969, the Soviet Union launched nine probes intended to reach