Brass make brass was not recognised as a metal. The King James Bible makes many references to "brass". The Shakespearean English form of the word 'brass' can mean any bronze alloy, or copper, rather than the strict modern definition of brass. The earliest brasses may have been natural alloys made by smelting zinc-rich copper ores. By the Roman period brass was being deliberately produced from metallic copper and zinc minerals using the cementation process, and variations on this method continued until the mid-19th century. It was eventually replaced by speltering, the direct alloying of copper and zinc metal which was introduced
Metal and Machinery Workers Industrial Union Reuther Library in Detroit. Metal and Machinery Workers Industrial Union The Metal and Machinery Workers Industrial Union No. 440 (MMWIU) was a labor union in the United States which existed between 1907 and 1950. It organized workers in the manufacturing industry and was affiliated with the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). The earliest recorded local of the MMWIU was in Bridgeport, Connecticut in 1907. A number of machinists' locals were also active under the IWW around that time, which dated from a period when a large number of craft union locals were switching their affiliation to the IWW, and