Clean Water Rule coverage would produce a 2:1 ratio of benefits to costs in implementation after the final rule. Implementation of the rule will discern any implications for environmental justice communities, though it is clear that "meaningful involvement from minority, low-income, and indigenous populations, as well as other stakeholders, has been a cornerstone of development of the final rule." Specific details that have been clarified by the rule are outlined below. A tributary, or upstream water, must show physical features of flowing water – a bed, bank, and ordinary high water mark – to warrant protection. The rule provides protection for headwaters that
Uptick rule on 2009-04-08. A modified form of the rule was adopted on 2010-02-24. In 1938, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted the uptick rule, more formally known as "rule 10a-1", after conducting an inquiry into the effects of concentrated short selling during the market break of 1937. The original rule was implemented when Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. was SEC commissioner. In 1994, the NASD and Nasdaq adopted their own short sale price tests, known as NASD Rule 3350, based on the last bid rather than on the last reported sale. In 1978, the purpose of the uptick rule was