Brass at Warmley. By the mid-to-late 18th century developments in cheaper zinc distillation such as John-Jaques Dony's horizontal furnaces in Belgium and the reduction of tariffs on zinc as well as demand for corrosion-resistant high zinc alloys increased the popularity of speltering and as a result cementation was largely abandoned by the mid-19th century. Brass Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve varying mechanical and electrical properties. It is a substitutional alloy: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other within the same crystal structure. In contrast, bronze is an alloy
Metal and Machinery Workers Industrial Union Reuther Library in Detroit. Metal and Machinery Workers Industrial Union The Metal and Machinery Workers Industrial Union No. 440 (MMWIU) was a labor union in the United States which existed between 1907 and 1950. It organized workers in the manufacturing industry and was affiliated with the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). The earliest recorded local of the MMWIU was in Bridgeport, Connecticut in 1907. A number of machinists' locals were also active under the IWW around that time, which dated from a period when a large number of craft union locals were switching their affiliation to the IWW, and