Shotokan head of the Japan Karate Association's Brazilian branch. Action movie star Jean-Claude Van Damme holds a 2nd "dan" black belt in Shotokan and used the style when he competed both in traditional and in full contact karate competitions in the 1970s and 1980s. Michael Jai White has a 3rd "dan" in Shotokan, although he has long practiced other karate styles such as Kyokushin and Goju Ryu. Wesley Snipes has a 5th dan black belt in Shotokan. Shotokan Funakoshi had many students at the university clubs and outside dojos, who continued to teach karate after his death in 1957. However, internal
Tachikawa-ryu as smoke which rises to the heavens. Thus by allowing the smoke to pass through the eyes (the eyes are the windows to the soul) the pure distilled intention is captured and condensed with the enclosed cranium of the skull. Shinjō also provides notes in a short Q&A at the end. Tachikawa-ryu Tachikawa-ryu is a former branch of Shingon Mikkyo founded by the monk Ninkan. In another unorthodox branch of shingon, Ono-ryu (小野流). As such it is a school of esoteric Buddhism founded on the principal of using energy to control supernatural and cosmic forces and through these energetic rites