Tree "Coffea arabica" and "Coffea canephora", are processed to extract the coffee beans. In many rural areas of the world, fruit is gathered from forest trees for consumption. Many trees bear edible nuts which can loosely be described as being large, oily kernels found inside a hard shell. These include coconuts ("Cocos nucifera"), Brazil nuts ("Bertholletia excelsa"), pecans ("Carya illinoinensis"), hazel nuts ("Corylus"), almonds ("Prunus dulcis"), walnuts ("Juglans regia"), pistachios ("Pistacia vera") and many others. They are high in nutritive value and contain high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals as well as dietary fibre. Walnuts are particularly beneficial to health and contain
Fruit tree forms whilst keeping the tree short and accessible for harvesting. Other shapes such as cordons, espaliers and fans offer opportunities for growing trees two dimensionally against walls or fences, or they can be trained to function as barriers. Some of the following fruit tree forms require training by tying the branches to the required form. Most require pruning to retain the desired structure. However, not all types of fruit tree are suitable for all forms; apples and pears do well as cordons and espaliers, for example, whereas cherries are more suited to the fan form. An open-centred crown on a short