Dash Insert drop-down menu. Dash The dash is a punctuation mark that is similar in appearance to and , but differs from these symbols in both length and height. The most common versions of the dash are the en dash (–), equal to half the height of the font; the em dash (—), twice as long as the en dash; and the horizontal bar (―), whose length varies across typefaces. Historically, the names of en dash and em dash were loosely related to the width of a lower-case "n" and upper-case "M", respectively, in commonly used typefaces. Usage varies both within
Zadeh's Rule Programming and Combinatorial Optimization conference in 2011 by Oliver Friedmann. Zadeh, although not working in academia anymore at that time, attended the conference and honored his original proposal. Zadeh's Rule In mathematical optimization, Zadeh's rule (also known as Least-entered rule) is an algorithmic refinement of the simplex method for linear optimization. The rule was proposed around 1980 by Lotfi A. Zadeh, and has entered the folklore of convex optimization since then. Zadeh offered a reward of $1,000 to anyone who can show that the rule admits polynomially many iterations or to prove that there is a family of linear programs