Soft-point bullet have become available for safe use in tubular magazine rifles. Soft-point bullet A soft-point bullet (SP), also known as a soft-nosed bullet, is a jacketed expanding bullet with a soft metal core enclosed by a stronger metal jacket left open at the forward tip. A soft-point bullet is intended to expand upon striking flesh to cause a wound diameter greater than the bullet diameter. Jacketed soft point bullets are usually abbreviated "JSP" in the ammunition and reloading industry. Lead-alloy bullets used with gunpowder firearms were unsatisfactory at the bullet velocities available from rifles loaded with nitrocellulose propellants like cordite. By
Constant phase element Constant phase element A constant phase element is an equivalent electrical circuit component that models the behaviour of a double layer, that is an imperfect capacitor. Constant phase elements are also used in equivalent circuit modelling and data fitting of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data. A constant phase element also appears currently in modeling the behaviour of the imperfect dielectrics. The generalization in the fields of imperfect electrical resistances, capacitances and inductances leads to the general "Phasance" concept: http://fr.scribd.com/doc/71923015/The-Phasance-Concept The electrical impedance can be calculated: where the CPE admittance is: formula_2 and Q and n (0<n<1) are frequency independent. Q =