Noble metal are covered by carbon monoxide very quickly. Metallic elements, including metalloids (metals usually considered noble bolded, predictions for superheavy elements italicised): The columns "group" and "period" denote its position in the periodic table, hence electronic configuration. The simplified "reaction"s, listed in the next column, can also be read in detail from the Pourbaix diagrams of the considered element in water. Finally the column "potential" indicates the electric potential of the element measured against a Standard hydrogen electrode. All missing elements in this table are either not metals or have a negative standard potential. Arsenic, antimony and tellurium are considered to
Zone melting silicon grown has desirable properties. The bulk charge carrier lifetime in float-zone silicon is the highest among various manufacturing processes. Float-zone carrier lifetimes are around 1000 microseconds compared to 20-200 microseconds with Czochralski process, and 1–30 microseconds with cast multi-crystalline silicon. A longer bulk lifetime increases the efficiency of solar cells significantly. Another related process is zone remelting, in which two solutes are distributed through a pure metal. This is important in the manufacture of semiconductors, where two solutes of opposite conductivity type are used. For example, in germanium, pentavalent elements of group V such as antimony and arsenic produce