Cymbal alloys was previously described by their sales literature as containing tin rather than zinc. There is a minority view that the word "bronze" should be reserved for two-phase alloys, which may be their usage here. Unlike cymbals, some gongs are made from several different metals fused together. Many different metals have been used. Parts of some traditional gongs, notably the bosses of some "nipple" gongs, are made from iron based alloys. A few independent cymbal makers have also used stainless steel and titanium to produce cymbals and gongs. How Alloying Elements Affect the Properties of Copper Alloys Cymbal alloys Cymbals are
Metal oxide adhesion effect or RE effect. Many mechanics theories exist on this topic. The majority of them attribute the increase in adhesion strength to the greater thermodynamic stability of the impurity element bonded with oxygen than the metal bonded to the oxygen. Inserting yttrium into nickel alloys to strengthen the oxide adhesion is an example of the reactive element effect. Dislocations are thermodynamically unstable, kinetically trapped defects. Surface dislocations often create a screw dislocation when stress is applied. In certain cases, screw dislocations can negate the nucleation energy barrier for crystal growth. The adsorption of a monolayer of gas atoms is either