Patten (shoe) wooden inner sections with leather above and below. In earlier varieties of pattens, dating from the 12th century on, the stilt or wedge variety were more common. From the late 14th century, the flat variety became increasingly common. Leather pattens became fashionable in the 14th and 15th centuries, and in London appear to have begun to be worn as shoes over hose in the 15th century, spreading to a much wider section of the public. Most London patten soles were constructed of alder, willow or poplar woods. In 1390, the Diocese of York forbade clergy from wearing pattens and clogs
Marion Power Shovel Company at the time. The company, from between 1902 and 1911, shipped 112 shovels to Panama for the construction of the canal. A Marion Model 91, the type used at the Panama Canal, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. Marion was most successful with the Model 20 series contractors shovels (see steam shovel). During the project Marion Shovels broke world records in amount of cubic earth moved within a given time frame (1908) and greatest amount (8-ton) lifted by a single bucket (1911). The Type 22 and Type 28 Marion shovels were the most popular. They