Thermometer 1665 Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) suggested using the melting and boiling points of water as standards, and in 1694 Carlo Renaldini (1615–1698) proposed using them as fixed points on a universal scale. In 1701, Isaac Newton (1642–1726/27) proposed a scale of 12 degrees between the melting point of ice and body temperature. In 1714 Dutch scientist and inventor Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first reliable thermometer, using mercury instead of alcohol and water mixtures. In 1724 he proposed a temperature scale which now (slightly adjusted) bears his name. He could do this because he manufactured thermometers, using mercury (which has a
Gabriel Daniel accuracy, Daniel had the advantage of consulting valuable original sources. His "Histoire de la milice française", etc. (1721) is superior to his "Histoire de France". Daniel also wrote a reply to Pascal's "Provincial Letters", entitled "Entretiens de Cleanthe et d'Eudoxe sur les lettres provinciales" (1694); two treatises on Descartes' theory as to the intelligence of the lower animals, and other works. Gabriel Daniel Gabriel Daniel (8 February 1649 – 23 June 1728) was a French Jesuit historian. Born in Rouen, he was educated by the Jesuits, entered the order at the age of eighteen, and became superior at Paris. He