Pleistocene rewilding The mountain tapir is the only extant non-tropical species of tapir. Predators of mountain tapirs include cougars, bears, and, less commonly, jaguars. Good introduction areas might include forested ecosystems of the west and east coasts, and the more scrub-like or wetland ecosystem of the south. During the Pleistocene, large populations of Proboscideans lived in North America, such as the Columbian mammoth and the American mastodon. The mastodons all became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene era, as did the mammoths of North America. However, an extant relative of the mammoth is the Asian elephant. It now resides only in
Relative return a meaningful sense for absolute return strategies. After all, the neutral position of these portfolios is to be fully invested in cash without any other long or short positions. Thus, the risk-free rate is an appropriate benchmark to use for measuring the relative return of absolute return strategies. Relative return Relative return is a measure of the return of an investment portfolio relative to a theoretical passive reference portfolio or benchmark. In active portfolio management, the aim is to maximize the relative return (often subject to a risk constraint). In passive portfolio management, the aim is to obtain a relative