Juglans ailantifolia caused by the fungus "Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum". This has led to its being planted as a replacement for butternuts in North America. The two species hybridise readily; the resulting hybrid "Juglans x bixbyi" (otherwise known as "J. cinerea x ailantifolia" or 'buartnut') is also resistant to canker and is likewise planted as a replacement for butternuts. Japanese walnut is distinguished from butternut by its larger leaves and round (not oval) nuts. Prospect Rock Permaculture in Vermont has been backcrossing buartnuts with native butternuts, resulting in 'butterbuarts', which will most likely bear greater resemblance to the butternut parentage, although may also be
Exocarpos latifolius fruit is a globular nut on a short stalk. As it ripens the stalk swells and turns red, like an inside out cherry. The fruit is 4–6 mm long and is inedible, though the stalk is, and was used as a traditional food source by Aboriginal Australians. The seed is found on the outside of the fruit, hence the name exocarpus, from the Latin meaning "outer". The wood is very fine-grained with little figure but often striking colour variation and was historically used for cabinet work. The tree was used for many purposes by Aboriginal Australians.The bark was used as