Dip soldering a small tank containing molten solder. PCB with mounted components is dipped manually into the tank when the molten solder sticks to the exposed metallic areas of the board. Dip soldering is accomplished by submerging parts to be joined into a molten solder bath. Thus, all components surfaces are coated with filler metal. Solders have low surface tension and high wetting capability. There are many types of solders, each used for different applications. Such as Lead-Silver for strength at higher than room temperature. Tin-Lead is used for General Purpose; Tin-Zinc is used for Aluminum; Cadmium-Silver is used for strength at
Constant phase element Constant phase element A constant phase element is an equivalent electrical circuit component that models the behaviour of a double layer, that is an imperfect capacitor. Constant phase elements are also used in equivalent circuit modelling and data fitting of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data. A constant phase element also appears currently in modeling the behaviour of the imperfect dielectrics. The generalization in the fields of imperfect electrical resistances, capacitances and inductances leads to the general "Phasance" concept: http://fr.scribd.com/doc/71923015/The-Phasance-Concept The electrical impedance can be calculated: where the CPE admittance is: formula_2 and Q and n (0<n<1) are frequency independent. Q =