Fiscal federalism concept" that helps in designing financial relations between the national and subnational levels of the government, "fiscal decentralization on the other hand is a process of applying such principles". Federal and non-federal countries differ in the manner in which such principles are applied. Application differs because unitary and federal governments differ in their political and legislative context and thus provide different opportunities for fiscal decentralization. The concepts of fiscal federalism are related to vertical and horizontal fiscal relations. The notions related to horizontal fiscal relations are related to regional imbalances and horizontal competition. Similarly the notions related to fiscal relations
Irish Fiscal Advisory Council in the United Kingdom (also formed after the financial crisis), and other equivalent members of the "Network of European Union Independent Fiscal Institutions" (which IFAC joined in September 2015). IFAC is structured as a Council of 5 members (one Chairperson) and a supporting analytical team of circa 6. The formal mandate of the Irish Fiscal Advisory Council (per IFAC website) is to: IFAC has been well received by Irish financial commentators and its publications are widely covered in the Irish media. The key mandated publications of the Irish Fiscal Advisory Council are: The Irish Fiscal Advisory Council has commenced an