Indigenous Aryans were inter-related, and the notion of biological race came to the forefront The "Aryan race," the presumed identity of Indo-European language speakers was prominent among such races, which was seen to be further subdivided into "European Aryans" and "Asian Aryans," each with their own homelands. Max Mueller, who translated the Rigveda during 1849–1874, postulated an original homeland for all Aryans in central Asia, from where a northern branch was believed to have migrated to Europe and a southern branch came to India and Iran. The Aryans were fair-complexioned Indo-European speakers who conquered the dark-skinned "dasas" of India. The upper castes,
The Raksha Country and the Sea Market there exist at least three stories from the Tang dynasty that revolve around a romance between a Chinese scholar and a dragon princess, and more plays adapted from these stories, like "Liu Yi and the Dragon Princess of Dongting" (）and "A Tower of Mirage" (). Pu's contemporary, Tang Menglai (), suggests that "The Raksha Country" allows for the "satiric demystification of the strange", musing in the second-to-earliest preface of "Liaozhai" that "strangeness" is both relative as well as most pertinent to human ethics: In his 1877 translation of "The Lo-Ch'a Country and the Sea Market", Giles states his preference for