Epigenetics of diabetes Type 2 have shown that miRNAs have pivotal roles in many different gene regulatory pathways. A subset of miRNAs has been shown to be involved in metabolic regulation of glucose homeostasis and in epigenetics of diabetes type 2. Pancreatic islet-specific miR-375 inhibits insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic β-cells by inhibiting the expression of the protein myotrophin. An overexpression of miR-375 can completely suppress glucose-induced insulin secretion, while inhibition of native miR-375 will increase insulin secretion. In another study, increasing the level of miR-9, a different miRNA, resulted in a severe defect in glucose-stimulated insulin release. This happens because miR-9 down-regulated the transcription
Diabetes mellitus and deafness hearing loss. This begins with a reduction in the perception of frequencies above approximately 5 kHz which progressively declines, over the years, to severe hearing loss at all frequencies. The diabetes that accompanies the hearing loss can be similar to Type 1 diabetes or Type 2 diabetes; however, Type 1-like diabetes is the more common form of the two. MIDD has also been associated with a number of other issues including kidney dysfunction, gastrointestinal problems, and cardiomyopathy. MIDD represents 1% of people who have diabetes. Over 85% of people that carry the mutation in mitochondrial DNA at position 3243 present