Spider silk spinning field, the spinneret apparatus of an adult "Araneus diadematus" (garden cross spider) consists of the glands shown below. Similar multiple gland architecture exists in the black widow spider. In order to artificially synthesise spider silk into fibres, there are two broad areas that must be covered. These are synthesis of the feedstock (the unspun silk dope in spiders), and synthesis of the spinning conditions (the funnel, valve, tapering duct, and spigot). There have been a number of different approaches. The molecular structure of unspun silk is both complex and extremely long. Though this endows the silk fibres with their
Garden railway European quality equipment can be found at scale 1:32, at a cost. There exists a few garden trains at a smaller scale but maintenance is more difficult. And the scale '0' with standard gauge run on a track of and is actually at scale of 1:43.5 in France & UK, 1:45 in Germany and 1:48 in the USA... These will be used to provide citation links: Garden railway A garden railroad or garden railway ("railroad" in the US, "railway" elsewhere) is a model railway system set up outdoors in a garden. While G is the most popular scale for garden