Meteorology known as the first "anemometer". In 1607, Galileo Galilei constructed a thermoscope. In 1611, Johannes Kepler wrote the first scientific treatise on snow crystals: "Strena Seu de Nive Sexangula (A New Year's Gift of Hexagonal Snow)". In 1643, Evangelista Torricelli invented the mercury barometer. In 1662, Sir Christopher Wren invented the mechanical, self-emptying, tipping bucket rain gauge. In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit created a reliable scale for measuring temperature with a mercury-type thermometer. In 1742, Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, proposed the "centigrade" temperature scale, the predecessor of the current Celsius scale. In 1783, the first hair hygrometer was demonstrated by
Miller-Casella thermometer Miller-Casella thermometer The Miller-Casella thermometer was a Six's thermometer with a double bulb used extensively by the "Challenger" expedition during the late nineteenth century. The thermomemeter was used for water temperature readings along 360 different research stations around the world's oceans. The thermometer, about 9 inches in length, was enclosed in a copper case and filled with a solution of creosote in spirit. A U-shaped mercury tube recorded maximum and minimum temperature as the thermometer was lowered and raised into the ocean. This design assumed accurate measurements could be taken as long as the water closer to the surface of