Cloud atlas was published in 1802. It followed a similar effort in French by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1801. Howard's nomenclature defined four fundamental types of clouds: cirrus or thread-cloud, cumulus or heap-cloud, stratus or flat cloud (level sheet), and nimbus or rain-cloud (see Classification of clouds). There followed a long period of development of the field of meteorology and the classification of clouds, leading up to 1896, the International Year of Clouds. The history of this period is the subject of a popular book, "The Invention of Clouds". During that time, the Englishmen Rev. Clement Ley and Hon. Ralph Abercromby, were influential.
Off-balance-sheet the proceeds in a regular bank account, these would now again appear as a liability of the bank. As an example UBS has CHF 60.31 billion "Undrawn irrevocable credit facilities" off its balance sheet in 2008 (USD 60.37 billion.) Citibank has USD $960 billion in off-balance sheet assets in 2010, which amounts to 6% of the GDP of the United States. Off-balance-sheet Off-balance sheet (OBS), or Incognito Leverage, usually means an asset or debt or financing activity not on the company's balance sheet. Total return swaps are an example of an off-balance sheet item. Some companies may have significant amounts