Thermometer 1665 Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) suggested using the melting and boiling points of water as standards, and in 1694 Carlo Renaldini (1615–1698) proposed using them as fixed points on a universal scale. In 1701, Isaac Newton (1642–1726/27) proposed a scale of 12 degrees between the melting point of ice and body temperature. In 1714 Dutch scientist and inventor Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first reliable thermometer, using mercury instead of alcohol and water mixtures. In 1724 he proposed a temperature scale which now (slightly adjusted) bears his name. He could do this because he manufactured thermometers, using mercury (which has a
IbpB thermometer has been removed. IbpB thermometer The IbpB thermometer is an RNA thermometer element found in the "ibpAB" operon. The operon contains two heat-shock genes, encoding inclusion body binding proteins A and B (IbpA/B), and is the most drastically upregulated operon under heat-shock in "Escherichia coli". "IbpA" is regulated by a ROSE element found in its 5' UTR, while "IbpB" has its own heat-sensitive cis-regulatory element. The activity of this thermoregulator was confirmed "in vitro" but was not found "in vivo", suggesting more complicated operon regulation exists in bacterial cells. The IbpB protein, whose expression is regulated by the IbpB thermometer,