Indigenous Aryans were inter-related, and the notion of biological race came to the forefront The "Aryan race," the presumed identity of Indo-European language speakers was prominent among such races, which was seen to be further subdivided into "European Aryans" and "Asian Aryans," each with their own homelands. Max Mueller, who translated the Rigveda during 1849–1874, postulated an original homeland for all Aryans in central Asia, from where a northern branch was believed to have migrated to Europe and a southern branch came to India and Iran. The Aryans were fair-complexioned Indo-European speakers who conquered the dark-skinned "dasas" of India. The upper castes,
Self-translation Some of the prominent self-translators from India are Rabindranath Tagore, Girish Karnad, Kamala Das, Qurratulain Hyder. Self-translations by Italian writers have been offered, at various times, by Fausto Cercignani, Italo Calvino, Beppe Fenoglio, Carlo Goldoni, Luigi Pirandello, Giuseppe Ungaretti, and others. Self-translation is prominent amongst Catalan, Galician and Basque writers. The most well known self-translators are Carme Riera (Catalan-Spanish), Manuel Rivas (Galician-Spanish) and Bernardo Atxaga (Basque-Spanish). Scottish Gaelic poet Sorley MacLean is mostly known for his self-translations into English. Some of the prominent self-translators in the USA are Raymond Federman (English-French), Rosario Ferré (Spanish-English), Rolando Hinojosa-Smith (Spanish-English) and Ariel Dorfman