Bass guitar the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th fret and 12th fret (the 12th fret being the octave of the open string) and on the octave-up equivalents of the 3rd fret and as many additional positions as an instrument has frets for. Typically, one marker is on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th fret positions and two markers on the 12th fret. The long scale necks on Leo Fender's basses—with a scale length (distance between nut and bridge) of — set the standard for electric basses, although "short scale" instruments, such as the Höfner 500/1 "violin bass" played by Paul McCartney, and the
Eight-string guitar and six-string variants. The standard tuning (from low to high) is F#, B, E, A, D, G, B, E. Many prefer to tune the F# to a low E (E1), the same note as the lowest string on a four-string electric bass in standard tuning, and providing the guitar with a fuller sound by having three different E strings. Like the seven-string, the first mass-produced eight-string guitar was made by Ibanez guitars in Japan; the RG2228. The main design issue faced with an eight-string guitar is tuning stability with the lower strings. This is due to the neck being constructed