Serum (blood) toxic response. Blood is centrifuged to remove cellular components. Anti-coagulated blood yields plasma containing fibrinogen and clotting factors. Coagulated blood (clotted blood) yields serum without fibrinogen, although some clotting factors remain. Serum is an essential factor for the self-renewal of embryonic stem cells in combination with the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor. The serum of convalescent patients successfully recovering (or already recovered) from an infectious disease can be used as a biopharmaceutical in the treatment of other people with that disease, because the antibodies generated by the successful recovery are potent fighters of the pathogen. Such "convalescent serum" (antiserum) is a
Blood, Sweat & Tears 4 Blood, Sweat & Tears 4 Blood, Sweat & Tears 4 is the fourth album by the band Blood, Sweat & Tears, released in 1971. It peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Pop albums chart. The band invited former member Al Kooper to contribute the song "John the Baptist (Holy John)." Trombonist Dave Bargeron replaced Jerry Hyman. David Clayton-Thomas left as lead vocalist to pursue a solo career after the release of "BS&T 4", as did founding members Dick Halligan and Fred Lipsius. Clayton-Thomas would return to the lineup for "New City". Writing for Allmusic, critic William Ruhlman wrote "the