TO-3 at Motorola around 1955. The lead spacing was originally intended to allow plugging the device into a then-common tube socket. The metal package can be attached to a heat sink, making it suitable for devices dissipating several watts of heat. Thermal compound is used to improve heat transfer between the device case and the heat sink. Since the device case is one of the electrical connections, an insulator may be required to electrically isolate the component from the heatsink. Insulating washers may be made of mica or other materials with good thermal conductivity. The case is used with high-power and
Crystal structure of boron-rich metal borides p-type electrical conductivity. Increasing the conductivity is a key issue for thermoelectric applications of these borides. YB is used as a soft-X-ray monochromator for dispersing 1–2 keV synchrotron radiation at some synchrotron radiation facilities. Contrary to thermoelectric applications, high thermal conductivity is desirable for synchrotron radiation monochromators. YB exhibits low, amorphous-like thermal conductivity. However, transition metal doping increases the thermal conductivity twice in YNbB as compared to undoped YB. Crystal structure of boron-rich metal borides Metals, and specifically rare-earth elements, form numerous chemical complexes with boron. Their crystal structure and chemical bonding depend strongly on the metal element M and