Meteorology known as the first "anemometer". In 1607, Galileo Galilei constructed a thermoscope. In 1611, Johannes Kepler wrote the first scientific treatise on snow crystals: "Strena Seu de Nive Sexangula (A New Year's Gift of Hexagonal Snow)". In 1643, Evangelista Torricelli invented the mercury barometer. In 1662, Sir Christopher Wren invented the mechanical, self-emptying, tipping bucket rain gauge. In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit created a reliable scale for measuring temperature with a mercury-type thermometer. In 1742, Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, proposed the "centigrade" temperature scale, the predecessor of the current Celsius scale. In 1783, the first hair hygrometer was demonstrated by
Candy thermometer models have markers for the various stages of sugar cooking. A candy thermometer is similar to a meat thermometer except that it can read higher temperatures (usually 400 °F/200 °C or more). The first candy thermometers were created in 1272 by Bennet Muzilla of Frankfurt, Germany. He used it to measure the temperatures of sugar solutions while making hard candies. Candy thermometer A candy thermometer, also known as a sugar thermometer, or jam thermometer is a cooking thermometer used to measure the temperature and therefore the "stage" of a cooking sugar solution. (See Candy making for a description of sugar