Aztec society Aztec society Pre-Columbian Aztec society was a highly complex and stratified society that developed among the Aztecs of central Mexico in the centuries prior to the Spanish conquest of Mexico, and which was built on the cultural foundations of the larger region of Mesoamerica. Politically, the society was organized into independent city-states, called altepetls, composed of smaller divisions (calpulli), which were again usually composed of one or more extended kinship groups. Socially, the society depended on a rather strict division between nobles and free commoners, both of which were themselves divided into elaborate hierarchies of social status, responsibilities, and power.
Four Centuries of Modern Iraq Four Centuries of Modern Iraq Four Centuries of Modern Iraq is a historic book authored by Stephen Hemsley Longrigg published first time in United Kingdom on 1925. It covers events in Iraq between early 16th century to early 20th century when Iraq was a neglected part of the Ottoman Empire. Few books have been written about Iraq in that period. The author uses oriental sources, the books of Iraqi historians and the experience of his long residence in Iraq to discuss the country’s turbulent history. The author concludes that Iraq had made little progress during last four centuries and it