Juglans Juglans Walnut trees are any species of tree in the plant genus Juglans, the type genus of the family Juglandaceae, the seeds of which are referred to as walnuts. All species are deciduous trees, tall, with pinnate leaves , with 5–25 leaflets; the shoots have chambered pith, a character shared with the wingnuts ("Pterocarya"), but not the hickories ("Carya") in the same family. The 21 species in the genus range across the north temperate Old World from southeast Europe east to Japan, and more widely in the New World from southeast Canada west to California and south to Argentina. The
Two-sided Laplace transform notation for the two-sided transform; the formula_3 used here recalls "bilateral". The two-sided transform used by some authors is In pure mathematics the argument "t" can be any variable, and Laplace transforms are used to study how differential operators transform the function. In science and engineering applications, the argument "t" often represents time (in seconds), and the function "ƒ"("t") often represents a signal or waveform that varies with time. In these cases, the signals are transformed by filters, that work like a mathematical operator, but with a restriction. They have to be causal, which means that the output in a