Juglans "J. regia", "Juglans" x Paradox, are widely used as rootstocks for "J. regia" cultivars because of their resistance to Phytophthora and to a very limited degree, the oak root fungus. However, trees grafted on these rootstocks often succumb to black line. In some countries, immature nuts in their husks are preserved in vinegar. In the UK, these are called pickled walnuts and this is one of the major uses for fresh nuts from the small scale plantings. In Armenian cuisine, unripe walnuts, including husks, are preserved in sugar syrup and eaten whole. In Italy, liqueurs called Nocino and Nocello are
Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine is subject to four main exceptions. The tainted evidence is admissible if: This doctrine was also used by the European Court of Human Rights in "Gäfgen v. Germany". In certain cases continental European countries have similar laws (e.g. in cases of torture), while the doctrine itself is generally not known. Illegally obtained evidence is used by the courts to ensure that the judgment is factually correct, however the person obtaining the illegal evidence typically faces independent consequences. Fruit of the poisonous tree Fruit of the poisonous tree is a legal metaphor in the United States used to describe evidence