Internet of things different from one device to the next but there are basic characteristics shared by most. IoT creates opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, resulting in efficiency improvements, economic benefits, and reduced human exertions. The number of IoT devices increased 31% year-over-year to 8.4 billion in the year 2017 and it is estimated that there will be 30 billion devices by 2020. The global market value of IoT is projected to reach $7.1 trillion by 2020. Ambient intelligence and autonomous control are not part of the original concept of the Internet of things. Ambient intelligence
Smart Cell Smart Cell Smart Cells are innovative ubiquitous radio access nodes that provide wireless connectivity across multiple spectrum ranges and technologies. As of January 2014, Macrocells, Small Cells, and Wi-Fi connections were the primary means of data connectivity. For these types of cells, the spectrum utilized is static and is based on the antenna installed. "A Smart Cell may transmit multiple frequencies and technologies which are controlled by the software and not the hardware" (antenna). Smart Cells are currently in the research and development stage but support software-defined networks which are proliferating the current mobile network structure, led by AT&T's adoption.