Bass guitar the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th fret and 12th fret (the 12th fret being the octave of the open string) and on the octave-up equivalents of the 3rd fret and as many additional positions as an instrument has frets for. Typically, one marker is on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th fret positions and two markers on the 12th fret. The long scale necks on Leo Fender's basses—with a scale length (distance between nut and bridge) of — set the standard for electric basses, although "short scale" instruments, such as the Höfner 500/1 "violin bass" played by Paul McCartney, and the
Standard tuning and drop down to lower open string notes. This is also more practical for the whole playing range of E–C♯ (on a 21-fret guitar), as it can fit easily into the treble clef when written as E–C♯. Transposing by an octave may be explicitly indicated by a suboctave clef, where a treble clef has an '8' placed below it, or a normal treble clef may be used for simplicity. Other plucked string instruments and their respective standard tunings include: Standard tuning In music, standard tuning refers to the typical tuning of a string instrument. This notion is contrary to that