Rotator cuff tear oxidative stress induces tenocyte apoptosis causing further rotator cuff tendon degeneration. A neural theory also exists that suggests neural overstimulation leads to the recruitment of inflammatory cells and may also contribute to tendon degeneration. Tears of the rotator cuff tendon are described as partial or full thickness, and full thickness with complete detachment of the tendons from bone. Shoulder pain is variable and may not be proportional to the size of the tear. Neer promoted the concept of three stages of rotator cuff disease. Stage I, according to Neer, occurred in those younger than 25 years and involved edema and
Collateral ligaments of metacarpophalangeal joints while the proper ligaments are shortened. As a result, the joint is stable during full flexion while the relaxed collateral ligaments allows lateral and rotation movements during extension. The tendons of interosseous and lumbricales add to the lateral stability of the joint. Collateral ligaments of metacarpophalangeal joints In human anatomy, the radial (RCL) and ulnar (UCL) collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) of the hand are the primary stabilisers of the MCP joints. They have two parts: the cord-like collateral ligaments proper located more dorsally and the accessory collateral ligaments located more volarly. They enable us to spread our