Water on Mars any point in the year but would be ideal for solid carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide melting in the warmer summer would yield liquid carbon dioxide which would then form the gullies. Even if gullies are carved by flowing water at the surface, the exact source of the water and the mechanisms behind its motion are not understood. The dry gullies are deep grooves etched into the slopes that are there year-round. There are many other features on Mars, and some of them change seasonally. In August 2011, NASA announced the discovery by undergraduate student Lujendra Ojha of current seasonal
The Mars Project able to descend safely onto the surface of Mars. The danger of high energy solar and cosmic radiation beyond low Earth orbit was not known in 1948. The Van Allen radiation belts that protect Earth from solar radiation were discovered only in 1958, and von Braun did not plan for the protection of the crews from such radiation, whether in space or on the Martian surface. "The Mars Project" was the first technical study on the feasibility of a manned mission to Mars, and has been regarded as "the most influential book" on planning such missions. Mark Wade wrote in