Bertrand Russell Bertrand Russell Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (; 18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate. At various points in his life, Russell considered himself a liberal, a socialist and a pacifist, but he also admitted that he had "never been any of these things, in any profound sense." Russell was born in Monmouthshire into one of the most prominent aristocratic families in the United Kingdom. In the early 20th century, Russell led the British "revolt against idealism". He is considered one of the
John J. Dewey John J. Dewey John Jay "J.J." Dewey (September 9, 1822 – April 1, 1891) was an American physician and Minnesota territorial legislator. Dewey was born in Butternuts, New York. He was educated at Hamilton Academy and Albany Medical College in New York state. In 1847, he moved West to the newly settled areas Wisconsin and the young settlement of Saint Paul, in what later became the Territory and State of Minnesota. He practiced medicine there and opened the first drug store in Saint Paul settlement. In 1849, Dewey served in the Minnesota Territorial Legislature, House of Representatives representing Saint Paul.