Physics atoms and molecules. The three areas are grouped together because of their interrelationships, the similarity of methods used, and the commonality of their relevant energy scales. All three areas include both classical, semi-classical and quantum treatments; they can treat their subject from a microscopic view (in contrast to a macroscopic view). Atomic physics studies the electron shells of atoms. Current research focuses on activities in quantum control, cooling and trapping of atoms and ions, low-temperature collision dynamics and the effects of electron correlation on structure and dynamics. Atomic physics is influenced by the nucleus (see, e.g., hyperfine splitting), but intra-nuclear
National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (KL FAMO) is the national inter-university research center with the headquarters at Institute of Physics of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland. Established in 2002, the Laboratory is focused on atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO). The activities of the ultra-cold matter group at KL FAMO are focused on Bose-Einstein condensation (the first BEC in Poland was created in 2007 in KL FAMO ), and on ultra-cold molecules' photoassociation spectroscopy. Two strontium optical lattice atomic clocks are operating at the KL FL FAMO. Together