Velocity the angular speed formula_27 and the magnitude of the displacement. such that Angular momentum in scalar form is the mass times the distance to the origin times the transverse velocity, or equivalently, the mass times the distance squared times the angular speed. The sign convention for angular momentum is the same as that for angular velocity. where The expression formula_33 is known as moment of inertia. If forces are in the radial direction only with an inverse square dependence, as in the case of a gravitational orbit, angular momentum is constant, and transverse speed is inversely proportional to the distance,
Mass balance stoichiometric mass of air is , so AFR = 14.56. The combustion product mass is then . At exact stoichiometry, should be absent. At 15 percent excess air, the AFR = 16.75, and the mass of the combustion product gas is , which contains of excess oxygen. The combustion gas thus contains 2.84 percent by mass. The relationships between percent excess air and % in the combustion gas are accurately expressed by quadratic equations, valid over the range 0–30 percent excess air: In the second example we will use the law of mass action to derive the expression for a