Zamenhof-Esperanto object Zamenhof-Esperanto object A Zamenhof-Esperanto object (, ZEO) is a monument or a place linked to L. L. Zamenhof, the constructed language Esperanto he created and first published in 1887, or the community of Esperanto speakers which has been using the language since. Zamenhof-Esperanto objects are streets, memorials, other public spaces such as squares, parks or bridges. Zamenhof or Esperanto sometimes appear also in the names of buildings and companies such as hospitals, hotels or translation agencies. There have also been vehicles, such as zeppelins, ships and trains named after Zamenhof or Esperanto, and some species, rivers, islands, asteroids and other
Ludwik Kowalski Ludwik Kowalski Ludwik Kowalski (born 1931) is a Polish-American physicist, anti-communist author, and professor emeritus of Montclair State University in Montclair, New Jersey. Kowalski was born in Poland. His parents, members of the Polish Communist Party (the precursor of Polish United Workers' Party), decided to emigrate to the Soviet Union in 1932. In Moscow, they continued in their careers as an engineer and nurse. His father was arrested in the night during the Great Purge in 1938 as an "enemy of the people," never to be seen again by his family. Kowalski and his mother lost their home and lived