Glycyrrhizin an increase in blood pressure, may cause irregular heart rhythm, and adverse interactions with prescription medicines. The effects on body fluids are related to the inhibition of cortisol metabolism within the kidney, subsequent stimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptors, and decrease in blood levels of renin, potassium, and aldosterone, which collectively lead to increases in blood pressure. Depending on amount and frequency of ingesting black licorice, other side effects may include: Glycyrrhizin is under laboratory and preliminary clinical research for its possible activity against common viruses, such as hepatitis C. In vitro, glycyrrhizin inhibits the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. After oral ingestion,
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants that UPOV's focus on patents for plant varieties hurts farmers, in that it does not allow them to use saved seed or that of protected varieties. Countries with strong farmers' rights, such as India, cannot comply to all aspects of UPOV. François Meienberg is of this opinion, and writes that the UPOV system has disadvantages, especially for developing countries, and that "at some point, protection starts to thwart development". On the other hand, Rolf Jördens argues that plant variety protection is necessary. He believes that by joining UPOV, developing countries will have more access to new and improved varieties (better