African-American music Ruth persuaded a gospel group to sing in a secular setting, the Apollo Theater, with such success that he subsequently arranged gospel caravans that traveled around the country, playing the same venues that rhythm and blues singers had popularized. Meanwhile, jazz performers began to push jazz away from swing, a danceable popular music towards more intricate arrangements, improvisation, and technically challenging forms, culminating in the bebop of Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, the cool sounds and modal jazz of Miles Davis, and the free jazz of Ornette Coleman and John Coltrane. African-American musicians in the 1940s and 1950s were developing
Art Davis at Orange Coast College. Davis is also known for starting a legal case that led to blind auditions for orchestras. Davis earned a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from New York University in 1982. He moved in 1986 to southern California, where he balanced his teaching and practicing of psychology with jazz performances. Davis died on July 29, 2007, from a heart attack. He was survived by two sons and a daughter. With Joe Albany With Gene Ammons With Count Basie With Art Blakey With John Coltrane With Buddy Emmons With Curtis Fuller With Dizzy Gillespie With Al Grey With Eddie