Shoe size "Footwear - Sizing - Vocabulary and terminology"; currently in development are companion standards ISO/TS 19409 "Footwear - Sizing - Measurement of last dimensions" and ISO/TS 19410 "Footwear - Sizing - Inshoe measurement". The adult shoe sizes are calculated from typical last length, which is converted from foot length in mm by adding an allowance of two shoe sizes: where formula_13 is foot length in mm. Direct conversion between adult UK, European and Mondopoint shoe size systems is derived as follows: Exact foot lengths may contain repeating decimals because the formulas include division by 3; in practice, approximate interval steps of
Sizing and includes absorbent papers for blotting. Slack sized paper is somewhat absorbent and includes newsprint, while hard sized papers have the highest water resistance, such as coated fine papers and liquid packaging board. There are two types of sizing: "internal sizing," sometimes also called engine sizing, and "surface sizing" (tub sizing). Internal sizing is applied to almost all papers and especially to all those that are machine made, while surface sizing is added for the highest grade bond, ledger, and writing papers. Surface sizing solutions consist of mainly modified starches and sometimes other hydrocolloids, such as gelatine, or surface sizing