Culture of Spain medieval times, a single language which linguists call Galician-Portuguese, Medieval Galician, or Old Portuguese, spoken in the territories initially ruled by the medieval Kingdom of Galicia. Both languages are even today united by a dialect continuum located mainly in the northern regions of Portugal. Aranese () is a standardized form of the Pyrenean Gascon variety of the Occitan language spoken in the Val d'Aran, in north western Catalonia on the border between Spain and France, where it is one of the three official languages besides Catalan and Spanish. Other languages of Spain: About 68% of Spaniards identify as belonging to
Portugal–Spain relations personal union between the two nations known as the Iberian Union. The Iberian Union lasted for almost sixty years until 1640, when the Portuguese Restoration War was initiated against Castile and Portugal reestablished the Portuguese dynasty under the Bragança. During the wars of the 18th century, which were often fought by the major powers to maintain the European balance of power, Spain and Portugal usually found themselves on opposite sides. The Portuguese, courtesy of their long-standing alliance, aligned themselves with Great Britain, while Castile, through the Bourbon Family Compact, allied themselves to France. In 1762, during the Seven Years' War,