Shoe size "Footwear - Sizing - Vocabulary and terminology"; currently in development are companion standards ISO/TS 19409 "Footwear - Sizing - Measurement of last dimensions" and ISO/TS 19410 "Footwear - Sizing - Inshoe measurement". The adult shoe sizes are calculated from typical last length, which is converted from foot length in mm by adding an allowance of two shoe sizes: where formula_13 is foot length in mm. Direct conversion between adult UK, European and Mondopoint shoe size systems is derived as follows: Exact foot lengths may contain repeating decimals because the formulas include division by 3; in practice, approximate interval steps of
Cold sizing Cold sizing Cold sizing is a squeezing operation performed at temperatures significantly below the melting point to finish the surface of a workpiece to ensure better dimensional accuracy and surface finish. The sizing operation is a squeezing operation that minimizes the thickness of the metal. Sizing is performed in an open die and only the surface where the die and workpiece touch will be sized. Many ferrous metal castings are sized to sharpen corners and flatten holes around piercings. Sizing pressure is determined by area to be sized, the metal used, and the change in metal thickness from the operation.