Ornithurae Ornithurae Ornithurae (meaning "bird tails" in Greek) is a natural group which includes the common ancestor of "Ichthyornis", "Hesperornis", and all modern birds as well as all other descendants of that common ancestor. Ernst Haeckel coined the name in 1866 and included in the group all "true birds" with the "characteristic tail morphology of all extant birds" (translation by Jacques Gauthier). This distinguishes the group from "Archaeopteryx", which Haeckel placed in another new group called Sauriurae. Said simply, modern birds have short, fused pygostyle tails, while "Archaeopteryx" retained the long tail characteristic of non-avian theropod dinosaurs. Gauthier converted Ornithurae into
Specimens of Archaeopteryx Justice in Karlsruhe, which upheld the Superior District Court's decision in 2003, bringing a 14-year lawsuit to a close and earning the sixth "Archaeopteryx" specimen its name of Solnhofen. The Solnhofen specimen represents the largest "Archaeopteryx" individual known. It is represented by a nearly-complete skeleton on a plate sized 39 x 52 cm. There is no counterslab associated with this specimen. The skeleton shows a death posture typical of theropods and especially similar to that of the Eichstätt specimen. The animal's carcass was likely deposited and buried completely articulated. Despite the specimen's skeletal completion, plumage traces are very faint and