Jazz in the post-war years: In the early 1940s, bebop-style performers began to shift jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging "musician's music." The most influential bebop musicians included saxophonist Charlie Parker, pianists Bud Powell and Thelonious Monk, trumpeters Dizzy Gillespie and Clifford Brown, and drummer Max Roach. Divorcing itself from dance music, bebop established itself more as an art form, thus lessening its potential popular and commercial appeal. Composer Gunther Schuller wrote, "In 1943 I heard the great Earl Hines band which had Bird in it and all those other great musicians. They were playing all the flatted
Jazz Fest Wien Square. Apart from jazz, soul, blues, rock and pop musicians and a diversity of world and fusion musicians and many genres of jazz participate, usually about 50 artists annually. At the very first festival in 1991 were artists such as Jan Garbarek, Oscar Peterson, John Scofield, Pat Metheny, Manhattan Transfer, Dizzy Gillespie, Pharoah Sanders, Archie Shepp, John Zorn, Elvin Jones, Gilberto Gil, Miles Davis, George Benson, Carlos Santana, Charlie Haden, Elvin Jones and Joe Zawinul etc. The 2006 festival saw the likes of Michiel Borstlap, Madeleine Peyroux, Chick Corea, Richard Galliano, Candy Dulfer, the Neville Brothers, Herbie Hancock, Randy Newman