Deductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Deductive reasoning, also deductive logic, logical deduction is the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion. Deductive reasoning goes in the same direction as that of the conditionals, and links premises with conclusions. If all premises are true, the terms are clear, and the rules of deductive logic are followed, then the conclusion reached is necessarily true. Deductive reasoning (""top-down logic"") contrasts with inductive reasoning (""bottom-up logic"") in the following way; in deductive reasoning, a conclusion is reached reductively by applying general rules which hold over the entirety of a
Facts and Logic About the Middle East Facts and Logic About the Middle East Facts and Logic About the Middle East (FLAME) is a non-profit pro-Israel organization based in San Francisco, California. It was founded by Gerardo Joffe and began as a local chapter of the pro-Israel media watchdog group CAMERA, later becoming an independent organization. Its stated purpose is "the research and publication of the facts regarding developments in the Middle East and exposing false propaganda that might harm the interests of the United States and its allies in that area of the world." Since 1987, it has regularly placed ads that it describes as "monthly