Professional foul Professional foul In various sports, a professional foul is a deliberate act of foul play intended to bring about an advantage for the perpetrator's team. Professional fouls are usually committed to prevent an opponent from scoring. In association football, a professional foul involves a defender fouling an attacking player in order to prevent them from scoring, or a handball offence that denied an obvious goal-scoring opportunity. The resulting free kick or penalty may offer the attacking team a lower chance of scoring than the original playing position, and the defending player therefore has an incentive to tactically foul the attacking
Gain scheduling variables. A relatively large scope state of the art about gain scheduling has been published in (Survey of Gain-Scheduling Analysis & Design, D.J.Leith, WE.Leithead). Gain scheduling In control theory, gain scheduling is an approach to control of non-linear systems that uses a family of linear controllers, each of which provides satisfactory control for a different operating point of the system. One or more observable variables, called the "scheduling variables", are used to determine what operating region the system is currently in and to enable the appropriate linear controller. For example, in an aircraft flight control system, the altitude and Mach