Weight on bit downhole MWD sensors can measure weight-on-bit more accurately and transmit the data to the surface. Weight on bit Weight on bit (WOB), as expressed in the oil industry, is the amount of downward force exerted on the drill bit and is normally measured in thousands of pounds. Weight on bit is provided by drill collars, which are thick-walled tubular pieces machined from solid bars of steel, usually plain carbon steel but sometimes of nonmagnetic nickel-copper alloy or other nonmagnetic premium alloys. Gravity acts on the large mass of the collars to provide the downward force needed for the bits to
Isotopes of oganesson Isotopes of oganesson Oganesson (Og) is a synthetic element created in particle accelerators, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all synthetic elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first (and so far only) isotope to be synthesized was Og in 2002 and 2005; it has a half-life of 0.7 milliseconds. An unconfirmed isotope, Og, may have been observed in 2011 with a longer half-life of 181 milliseconds. Theoretical calculations done on the synthetic pathways for, and the half-life of, other isotopes have shown that some could be slightly more stable than the synthesized isotope Og, most