Mint-made errors 5 centavos. Foreign coins struck on a U.S coin planchet or vice versa are very uncommon and hold a high value. Authentic error coins should not be confused with coins that are damaged after being minted, which is known as post-mint damage (PMD) or post-strike damage (PSD). Mints purchase long strips of metal which are fed through blanking machines that punch out disks known as blank planchets (or simply as planchets or blanks) on which coins are struck. This determines the size and shape of eventual coins. The punched disks are first known as "type-1 blanks (or planchets)". The disks
Ernests Blanks was born on in Braslava municipality in Valmiera County, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire. His parents were leaseholders until the family moved to Riga where he attended school. Starting 1914 he studied history and philosophy at the Shanyavskiy University in Moscow as an unenrolled, external student. He was one of the leaders of the Latvian National Democratic Party (LNDP). In Latvia Ernests Blanks was editor of numerous newspapers and journals, and published papers in even more. Ernests Blanks was honoured with the Three-Star Order (of the 4th class) of Latvia in 1928. In 1945 Ernests Blanks fled in exile to