Trigonometric constants expressed in real radicals in a regular polygon: a vertex, an edge center containing that vertex, and the polygon center. An "n"-gon can be divided into 2"n" right triangles with angles of , 90 − , 90} degrees, for "n" in 3, 4, 5, … Constructibility of 3, 4, 5, and 15-sided polygons are the basis, and angle bisectors allow multiples of two to also be derived. In degree format, sin and cos of 0, 30, 45, 60, and 90 can be calculated from their right angled triangles, using the Pythagorean theorem. In radian format, sin and cos of / 2 can be expressed
Angular defect to less than 360°, on a spherical triangle the interior angles always add up to more than 180° (the exterior angles add up to "less" than 360°), and the angles in a hyperbolic triangle always add up to less than 180° (the exterior angles add up to "more" than 360°). In modern terms, the defect at a vertex or over a triangle (with a minus) is precisely the curvature at that point or the total (integrated) over the triangle, as established by the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. For a polyhedron, the defect at a vertex equals 2π minus the sum of all