Das Kapital Democritus (circa 460–370 BC) and Epicurus (341–270 BC). The logical architecture of "Das Kapital" is derived in part from the "Politics" and the "Nicomachean Ethics" by Aristotle, including the fundamental distinction between use value and exchange value, the "syllogisms" (C-M-C' and M-C-M') for simple commodity circulation and the circulation of value as capital. Moreover, the description of machinery, under capitalist relations of production, as "self-acting automata" derives from Aristotle’s speculations about inanimate instruments capable of obeying commands as the condition for the abolition of slavery. In the nineteenth century, Marx’s research of the available politico-economic literature required twelve years, usually
Prague Manifesto Prague Manifesto The Prague Manifesto (in Russian: Пражский Манифест) was a document written by several members of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR), an anti-communist coalition of former Soviet military and citizens who aimed to overthrow Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and establish a non-communist government in Russia, in alliance with Nazi Germany during the Second World War. The manifesto was published on 14 November 1944. The Manifesto opened with a preamble that strongly criticized Stalin for crimes against the people of the USSR, including genocide via repression and engineered famines, and suppression of personal freedoms.