Initial and final state radiation Initial and final state radiation In particle physics, initial and final state radiation refers to certain kinds of radiative emissions that are not due to particle annihilation. It is important in experimental and theoretical studies of interactions at particle colliders. Particle accelerators and colliders produce collisions (interactions) of particles (like the electron or the proton). In the terminology of the quantum state, the colliding particles form the "Initial State". In the collision, particles can be annihilated or/and exchanged, producing possibly different sets of particles, the "Final States". The Initial and Final States of the interaction relate through the so-called scattering
Fantastic Four: Unstable Molecules Fantastic Four: Unstable Molecules Fantastic Four: Unstable Molecules is a four-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics. The series imagines that the creators of the Fantastic Four were inspired by people encountered in their own lives during the late 1950s and provides a backstory for those analogues. Dr. Reed Richards lives in the small town of Glen Cove and works at Columbia University, attempting to discover a practical use for the sub-atomic particles that he has discovered. He is so absorbed in his work that he forgets that he is due to host a cocktail party for his