Comparison between Esperanto and Ido Ido was satisfied with it. Many former Idists, such as Otto Jespersen (who created Novial) left the movement, bleeding Ido of leaders. Of all synthetic auxiliary languages, only Esperanto and Interlingua-IL de ApI gained a sizeable following and textual corpus to this day. Esperanto is based on the "Fundamento de Esperanto" by L. L. Zamenhof; whereas the grammar of Ido is explained in the "Kompleta Gramatiko Detaloza di la Linguo Internaciona Ido". Since Esperanto has proved to be a living, stable language, nowadays Esperantists are less quick to reject influences from Ido. Probably the most fundamental of these is that
Ludwik Fleck Ludwik Fleck Ludwik Fleck (11 July 1896 – 5 June 1961) was a Polish and Israeli physician and biologist who did important work in epidemic typhus in Lwów, Poland, with Rudolf Weigl and in the 1930s developed the concepts of the ""Denkstil"" ("thought style") and the ""Denkkollektiv"" ("thought collective"). The concept of the "thought collective" defined by him is important in the philosophy of science and in logology (the "science of science"), helping to explain how scientific ideas change over time, much as in Thomas Kuhn's later notion of the "paradigm shift" and in Michel Foucault's concept of the "episteme".