Macular edema eye can result in improved visual outcomes for patients with chronic or refractory diabetic macular edema. Macular edema Macular edema occurs when fluid and protein deposits collect on or under the macula of the eye (a yellow central area of the retina) and causes it to thicken and swell (edema). The swelling may distort a person's central vision, because the macula holds tightly packed cones that provide sharp, clear, central vision to enable a person to see detail, form, and color that is directly in the centre of the field of view. The causes of macular edema are numerous and
Cerebral edema cells themselves. While not all patients who have experienced a stroke will develop a severe edema, those who do have a very poor prognosis. In most instances, cytotoxic and vasogenic edema occur together. It is generally accepted that cytotoxic edema is dominant immediately following an injury or infarct, but gives way to a vasogenic edema that can persist for several days or longer. The use of specific MRI techniques has allowed for some differentiation between the two mechanisms and suggests that in the case of trauma, the cytotoxic response dominates Normally, the osmolality of cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) and extracellular fluid