Cerebral edema early stroke or hypoxia, cardiac arrest, and pseudotumor cerebri. During an ischemic stroke, a lack of oxygen and glucose leads to a breakdown of the sodium-calcium pumps on brain cell membranes, which in turn results in a massive buildup of sodium and calcium intracellularly. This causes a rapid uptake of water and subsequent swelling of the cells. It is this swelling of the individual cells of the brain that is seen as the main distinguishing characteristic of cytotoxic edema, as opposed to vasogenic edema, wherein the influx of fluid is typically seen in the interstitial space rather than within the
Cerebral edema such as ischemic stroke, cancer, or brain inflammation due to meningitis or encephalitis. Vasogenic edema caused by amyloid-modifying treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies, is known as ARIA-E (amyloid-related imaging abnormalities edema). The blood–brain barrier (BBB) or the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier may break down, allowing fluid to accumulate in the brain's extracellular space. One manifestation of this is P.R.E.S., or Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome. Altered metabolism may cause brain cells to retain water, and dilution of the blood plasma may cause excess water to move into brain cells. Fast travel to high altitude without proper acclimatization can cause high-altitude cerebral