L. L. Zamenhof L. L. Zamenhof Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof (; , ; – ), credited as L. L. Zamenhof and sometimes as the pseudonymous Dr. Esperanto, was a Polish-Jewish ophthalmologist and the creator of Esperanto, the most successful constructed language in the world. He grew up fascinated by the idea of a world without war and believed that this could happen with the help of a new international auxiliary language, which he first developed in 1873 while still in school. Zamenhof was born on 15 December (3 December OS) 1859, the son of Markus Zamenhof (27 January 1837 - 29 November 1907) and
Ludwik Konarzewski-junior Wisła ("Muzeum Beskidzkie w Wiśle") and in the artist’s house and studio in Istebna in Cieszyn Silesia. Ludwik Konarzewski-junior Ludwik Konarzewski – junior (April 20, 1918 in Buzuluk – January 23, 1989 in Cieszyn) was a Polish painter, sculptor and teacher of fine arts who worked in Upper Silesia and Cieszyn Silesia. A square in Rydułtowy is named after him. Konarzewski owed his primary artistic education to his father, Ludwik Konarzewski – senior. He started his studies (in painting) at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków in 1938, and finished in 1948, being interrupted by the Second World War.