National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics with optical frequency combs they form the Polish Optical Atomic Clock (POZA). The POZA is a state-of-the-art optical atomic clock, collaboratively developed by scientists from the University of Warsaw, Jagiellonian University, and Nicolaus Copernicus University. The optical clocks' experimental group at KL FAMO is conducting research on, i.a., black-body radiation influence on the atomic transitions, shapes of molecules potentials by photoassociation spectroscopy, and on topological defects dark matter The studies of the quantum optics group are focused on experimental verifications of fundamental quantum mechanics predictions. In particular, the Laboratory is especially interested in quantum metrology, quantum information and quantum key
Atomic theory example, in the case of Proust's tin oxides, one tin atom will combine with either one or two oxygen atoms to form either the first or the second oxide of tin. Dalton believed atomic theory could explain why water absorbed different gases in different proportions - for example, he found that water absorbed carbon dioxide far better than it absorbed nitrogen. Dalton hypothesized this was due to the differences in mass and complexity of the gases' respective particles. Indeed, carbon dioxide molecules (CO) are heavier and larger than nitrogen molecules (N). Dalton proposed that each chemical element is composed of