Initial and final state radiation Initial and final state radiation In particle physics, initial and final state radiation refers to certain kinds of radiative emissions that are not due to particle annihilation. It is important in experimental and theoretical studies of interactions at particle colliders. Particle accelerators and colliders produce collisions (interactions) of particles (like the electron or the proton). In the terminology of the quantum state, the colliding particles form the "Initial State". In the collision, particles can be annihilated or/and exchanged, producing possibly different sets of particles, the "Final States". The Initial and Final States of the interaction relate through the so-called scattering
National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (KL FAMO) is the national inter-university research center with the headquarters at Institute of Physics of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland. Established in 2002, the Laboratory is focused on atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO). The activities of the ultra-cold matter group at KL FAMO are focused on Bose-Einstein condensation (the first BEC in Poland was created in 2007 in KL FAMO ), and on ultra-cold molecules' photoassociation spectroscopy. Two strontium optical lattice atomic clocks are operating at the KL FL FAMO. Together