Hinduism and other religions and medieval times. Islam is a strictly monotheistic religion in which the supreme deity is Allah ( : see God in Islam), the last Islamic prophet being Muhammad ibn Abdullah, whom Muslims believe delivered the Islamic scripture, the Qur'an. Hinduism mostly shares common terms with the other Indian religions, including Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. Islam shares common characteristics with Abrahamic religions–those religions claiming descent from the prophet Abraham–being, from oldest to youngest, Judaism, Christianity, Islam. The Qur'an is the primary Islamic scripture. Muslims believe it to be the verbatim, uncreated word of Allah. Second to this in religious authority, and
Split of Christianity and Judaism as circumcision. According to Robert M. Price, early Christianity and Javneh-Rabbinic Judaism had their own developmental trajectories, rather than separating in a formal way. Talmudist and professor of Jewish studies Daniel Boyarin proposes a revised understanding of the interactions between nascent Christianity and Judaism in late antiquity, viewing the two "new" religions as intensely and complexly intertwined throughout this period. According to Boyarin, Judaism and Christianity "were part of one complex religious family, twins in a womb," for at least three centuries. Alan Segal also states that "one can speak of a 'twin birth' of two new Judaisms, both markedly