Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof (born Ludwik Krzysztof Zamenhof, 23 January 1925) is a civil and marine engineer, specializing in the design of structural steel and concrete construction. He is a grandson of the Polish-Jewish L. L. Zamenhof, the originator of the international auxiliary language Esperanto. Since the 1960s he has lived in France. He was born in Warsaw. After his father Adam Zamenhof was arrested and shot to death by the Nazis occupying Poland, he and his mother Wanda barely escaped deportation to the Nazi death camp at Treblinka where his aunts Zofia Zamenhof and Lidia Zamenhof were murdered. The
Ludwik Fleck is difficult because a collective attains over time a specific way of investigating, bringing with it a blindness to alternative ways of observing and conceptualization. Change was especially possible when members of two thought collectives met and cooperated in observing, formulating hypothesis and ideas. He strongly advocated comparative epistemology. This approach anticipated later developments in social constructionism, and especially the development of critical science and technology studies. Ludwik Fleck Ludwik Fleck (11 July 1896 – 5 June 1961) was a Polish and Israeli physician and biologist who did important work in epidemic typhus in Lwów, Poland, with Rudolf Weigl and