Fortified wine because he was inspired by a German wine flavoured with wormwood, an herb most famously used in distilling absinthe. However, wine flavoured with wormwood goes back to ancient Rome. The modern German word "Wermut" ("Wermuth" in the spelling of Carpano's time) means both "wormwood" and "vermouth". The herbs were originally used to mask raw flavours of cheaper wines, imparting a slightly medicinal "tonic" flavor. Vins doux naturels are lightly fortified wines typically made from white Muscat grapes or red Grenache grapes in the south of France. The production of vins doux naturels was perfected by Arnaud de Villeneuve at the
Additive state decomposition the additive state decomposition satisfies Consider an 'original' system as follows: where formula_3. First, a 'primary' system is brought in, having the same dimension as the original system: where formula_4 From the original system and the primary system, the following 'secondary' system is derived: New variables formula_6 are defined as follows: Then the secondary system can be further written as follows: From the definition (), it follows The process is shown in this picture: In fact, the idea of the additive state decomposition has been implicitly mentioned in existing literature. An existing example is the tracking controller design, which often