Cardiovascular disease strategies. A 2015 Cochrane Review found some evidence that interventions aiming to reduce more than one cardiovascular risk factor may have beneficial effects on blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference; however, evidence was limited and the authors were unable to draw firm conclusions on the effects on cardiovascular events and mortality. For adults without a known diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or cardiovascular disease, routine counseling to advise them to improve their diet and increase their physical activity has not been found to significantly alter behavior, and thus is not recommended. Another Cochrane review suggested that simply providing
European Society of Cardiology medical meeting in Europe. The ESC currently comprises 56 National Cardiac Societies, from across Europe and the Mediterranean region, 6 Associations, 15 Working Groups and 7 Councils, covering different sub-specialties of cardiology. Activities reach far beyond the boundaries of Europe, however, and nearly 90,000 members come from all over the world. The ESC also maintains close ties to 56 National Cardiac Societies and 41 Affiliated Cardiac Societies worldwide. Recently, additional infrastructures were developed within associations addressing the special interests and needs of female specialists, and young physicians, such as Young Electrophysiologists. The ESC produces Clinical Practice Guidelines for the cardiology