Sepal Sepal A sepal ( or ) is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom. The term "sepalum" was coined by Noël Martin Joseph de Necker in 1790, and derived from the Greek σκεπη ("skepi"), a covering. Collectively the sepals are called the calyx (plural calyces), the outermost whorl of parts that form a flower. The word "calyx" was adopted from the Latin "calyx", not to be confused with "calix", a cup or goblet. "Calyx" derived from
Renal calyx Renal calyx The renal calyces are chambers of the kidney through which urine passes. The minor calyces surround the apex of the renal pyramids. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a renal papilla at the apex into the minor calyx; two or three minor calyces converge to form a major calyx, through which urine passes before continuing through the renal pelvis into the ureter. Peristalsis of the smooth muscle originating in pace-maker cells originating in the walls of the calyces propels urine through the renal pelvis and ureters to the bladder. The initiation is caused by the increase in