L. L. Zamenhof the Yiddish form of the forename and a russified version of his surname; many later Russian language documents also include the patronymic "Markovich", as is the custom in the language. His family name is of German origin and was originally written "Samenhof"; the spelling Zamenhof reflects the romanization of the Yiddish spelling , as well as the Esperanto and Polish spellings. In his adolescence he used both the Yiddish "Leyzer" and the Russian "Lazar". While at university, Zamenhof began using the Russian name "Lyudovik" (also transcribed "Ludovic" or translated as "Ludwig") in place of "Lazar", possibly in honor of Francis
Ludwik Kowalski on Physics, a textbook on Physics, and two books on Stalinism. In January 2011, Hoover Institution archived his original notebook diaries (in Polish), letters, and personal documents and photographs. His papers can be found online. His presentations can be found online. One of his memoirs is an autobiography based on a diary he kept between 1946 and 2004 (in the USSR, Poland, France, and the USA) and illustrates his evolution from one extreme to another—from devoted Stalinist to active anti-communist: Ludwik Kowalski Ludwik Kowalski (born 1931) is a Polish-American physicist, anti-communist author, and professor emeritus of Montclair State University in