Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church bishops from the Episcopal Church (United States)--Bishop Reginald Mallett from the Episcopal Diocese of Northern Indiana and Bishop Stephen Keeler from the Episcopal Diocese of Minnesota. Under Molina the church experienced a resurgence. During the episcopate of Molina the IERE signed agreements of intercommunion with numerous provinces of the Anglican Communion, including The Episcopal Church of the USA, the Church of Ireland, the Church of England, the Church in Wales, the Anglican Church of South Africa, the Episcopal Church of the Philippines, and the Old Catholic Church. In 1980 the IERE became an extra-provincial diocese under the metropolitan authority of
Episcopal polity bishops came to be seen in their more traditional role as ones who delegate to the presbyterate inherited powers, act as pastors to presbyters, and holding a particular teaching office with respect to the wider church. Anglican opinion has differed as to the way in which episcopal government is "de jure divino" (by the Divine Right of Kings). On the one hand, the seventeenth century divine, John Cosin, held that episcopal authority is "jure divino", but that it stemmed from "apostolic practice and the customs of the Church...[not] absolute precept that either Christ or His Apostles gave about it" (a