Glycyrrhizin is obtained as an extract from licorice root after maceration and boiling in water. Licorice extract (glycyrrhizin) is sold in the United States as a liquid, paste, or spray-dried powder. When in specified amounts, it is approved for use as a flavor and aroma in manufactured foods, beverages, candies, dietary supplements, and seasonings. It is 30 to 50 times as sweet as sucrose (table sugar). Glycyrrhizin Glycyrrhizin (or glycyrrhizic acid or glycyrrhizinic acid) is the chief sweet-tasting constituent of "Glycyrrhiza glabra" (liquorice) root. Structurally, it is a saponin used as an emulsifier and gel-forming agent in foodstuffs and cosmetics. Its
Cyanea glabra hawaiiense", "Pipturus albidus", "Coprosma" spp., "Wikstroemia oahuensis", "Clermontia kakeana", "Psychotria" spp., "Sadleria" spp., "Cyrtandra spathulata", "Touchardia latifolia", "Freycinetia arborea", and "Cyanea elliptica". The remaining 12 plants are part of one population divided into two subpopulations. Threats to the species include exotic plants, feral pigs, and landslides. Cyanea glabra Cyanea glabra is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name smooth cyanea. It is endemic to Maui, where there are twelve plants remaining in the wild. It was federally listed as an endangered species of the United States with nine other Maui Nui endemics