Portugal–Spain border NATO 2010 Lisbon summit and during Pope Francis's visit to Fátima in May 2017. Portugal's maritime borders, also known as the Exclusive economic zone of Portugal is currently disputed by Spain in the Savage Islands area, between Madeira and the Canary Islands. The main crossing point between Portugal and Spain is Vilar Formoso - Fuentes de Oñoro. Other important crossings are Caminha and Bragança to Galicia, Portalegre and Elvas to Badajoz, and Castro Marim and Vila Real de Santo António to Ayamonte. Bridges across the border include the Guadiana International Bridge and the Lower Guadiana International bridge. A zipline across
Portugal Isles, France and Belgium due to maritime trade dated as far back as the Bronze Age. These maritime contacts and the prevalence of R1b haplogroup as the main genetical marker of these countries suggest a common ancestry and cultural proximity. Other maritime contacts with the Mediterranean specially with Greeks and Phoenicians add particular cultural phenotypes in Southern Portugal and Southern Spain (Tartessos culture) making both Portugal and Spain a bridge between North Western Europe and the Mediterranean but maintaining the Atlantic character. The total fertility rate (TFR) was estimated at 1.52 children born/woman, which is below the replacement rate of