Hemorrhagic septicemia and the greater economic impact of HS. Hemorrhagic septicemia Haemorrhagic septicaemia is one of the most economically important pasteurelloses. Haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle and buffaloes was previously known to be associated with one of two serotypes of "P. multocida": Asian B:2 and African E:2 according to the Carter-Heddleston system, or 6:B and 6:E using the Namioka-Carter system. The disease occurs mainly in cattle and buffaloes, but has also been reported in goats ("Capra aegagrus hircus"), African buffalo ("Syncerus nanus"), camels, horses and donkeys ("Equus africanus asinus"), in pigs infected by serogroup B, and in wild elephants ("Elephas maximus"). Serotypes B:1
Equus publicus a property value of more than 100,000 denarii or else inheritance, but the equus publicus was only attainable by way of inheritance from a father. In imperial times, after the reforms of Augustus, the status could be granted by an emperor, along with inheritance from a father. Equus publicus The Equus publicus (literally "horse bought by the commonwealth") was an honourable status in ancient Rome, granting its holder a military horse paid for by the state, along with the cost of its fodder for its whole life. The money for the horse was called "aes equestre", whilst the annual money