Oxygen isotope ratio cycle likely driven by the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion. Oxygen isotope ratio cycle Oxygen isotope ratio cycles are cyclical variations in the ratio of the abundance of oxygen with an atomic mass of 18 to the abundance of oxygen with an atomic mass of 16 present in some substances, such as polar ice or calcite in ocean core samples, measured with the isotope fractionation. The ratio is linked to water temperature of ancient oceans, which in turn reflects ancient climates. Cycles in the ratio mirror climate changes in geologic history. Oxygen (chemical symbol O) has three naturally occurring isotopes: O, O,
Isotopes of livermorium Isotopes of livermorium Livermorium (Lv) is an artificial element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be synthesized was Lv in 2000. There are four known radioisotopes from Lv to Lv, as well as a few suggestive indications of a possible heavier isotope Lv. The longest-lived of the four well-characterised isotopes is Lv with a half-life of 53 ms. The below table contains various combinations of targets and projectiles which could be used to form compound nuclei with atomic number 116. In 1998, the team