Litany of the Saints ceremonies involving the Pope, the canonized Popes are moved from their usual place to form part of an expanded list of Popes prior to other bishops and doctors. A commercially published setting of the Litany of Saints by John Becker includes the name of Origen among its additional saints. Although recognized by Pope Benedict XVI as a significant theologian, Origen is not listed in the Roman Martyrology and was anathematized in the year 553 for certain opinions he was alleged to have held. Origen's inclusion in a published litany, albeit without the official sanction of Catholic authorities, has resulted in
Vatican City century during the pontificate of Pope Symmachus (reigned 498–514). Popes gradually came to have a secular role as governors of regions near Rome. They ruled the Papal States, which covered a large portion of the Italian peninsula, for more than a thousand years until the mid-19th century, when all the territory belonging to the papacy was seized by the newly created Kingdom of Italy. For most of this time the popes did not live at the Vatican. The Lateran Palace, on the opposite side of Rome was their habitual residence for about a thousand years. From 1309 to 1377, they