L. L. Zamenhof the Yiddish form of the forename and a russified version of his surname; many later Russian language documents also include the patronymic "Markovich", as is the custom in the language. His family name is of German origin and was originally written "Samenhof"; the spelling Zamenhof reflects the romanization of the Yiddish spelling , as well as the Esperanto and Polish spellings. In his adolescence he used both the Yiddish "Leyzer" and the Russian "Lazar". While at university, Zamenhof began using the Russian name "Lyudovik" (also transcribed "Ludovic" or translated as "Ludwig") in place of "Lazar", possibly in honor of Francis
Ludwik Birkenmajer w przekładzie polskim" (1920) · Mikołaj Kopernik, "O obrotach ciał niebieskich i inne pisma" (2004) · Andrzej Śródka, "Uczeni polscy XIX-XX stulecia". Warszawa 1994, vol. I, p. 155-157 . Paweł Tarasiewicz, Zbigniew Pańpuch, "Birkenmajer Ludwik Antoni", "Powszechna encyklopedia filozofii" vol. I, Lublin 2000 · Władysław Horbacki, "Ludwik Antoni Birkenmajer (1855-1929)". Łódź 1930 Ludwik Birkenmajer Ludwik Antoni Birkenmajer (18 May 1855 - 20 November 1929), Polish historian of science, physicist, astronomer, professor of the Jagiellonian University. Descended from the German family settled in Galicia (Southern Poland) during the time of the Napoleon wars, later a part of the Austrian Habsburg Empire.