History of the Jews in Poland Polish Jews who gained international recognition are Moses Schorr, Ludwik Zamenhof (the creator of Esperanto), Georges Charpak, Samuel Eilenberg, Emanuel Ringelblum, and Artur Rubinstein, just to name a few from the long list. The term "genocide" was coined by Rafał Lemkin (1900–1959), a Polish-Jewish legal scholar. Leonid Hurwicz was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Economics. The YIVO (Jidiszer Wissenszaftlecher Institute) Scientific Institute was based in Wilno before transferring to New York during the war. In Warsaw, important centers of Judaic scholarship, such the Main Judaic Library and the Institute of Judaic Studies were located, along with numerous Talmudic Schools
Ludwik de Laveaux (officer) Ludwik de Laveaux (officer) Ludwik de Laveaux was a Brigadier General of the Polish Army in World War I, World War II and Polish–Soviet War. He was born June 18, 1891 in Frysztakua a relative of the painter, Ludwik de Laveaux. He graduated in 1911 from Krakow University, and then studied architecture at the Technical University of Lwów. In World War I he served in the Polish legions 1 and 4 in the Lvov region. Starting a private soldier he was made an officer April 1, 1916, and in 1917 took command of the "city Defense Command" where they took