Isotope fractionation Isotope fractionation Isotope fractionation describes processes that affect the relative abundance of isotopes, often used in isotope geochemistry. Normally, the focus is on stable isotopes of the same element. Isotopic fractionation in the natural environment can be measured by isotope analysis, using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, to separate different element isotopes on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio, an important tool to understand natural systems. For example, in biochemistry processes cause a fluctuation in the amount of isotopes of carbon ratios incorporated into a biological being. The difference between the true amount of carbon and the amount in the plant is
Standard weight in fish common measures of condition used in fisheries assessment and management. Fulton’s condition factor, K, is another measure of an individual fish’s health that uses standard weight. Proposed by Fulton in 1904, it assumes that the standard weight of a fish is proportional to the cube of its length: formula_2 where "W" is the whole body wet weight in grams and "L" is the length in centimeters; the factor 100 is used to bring K close to a value of one. Standard weight in fish Standard weight in fish is the typical or expected weight at a given total length for