Souq center of urban cities where it spread out along the city streets, typically in a linear pattern. Around this time, permanent souqs also became covered marketplaces. In tribal areas, where seasonal souks operated, neutrality from tribal conflicts was usually declared for the period of operation of a souq to permit the unhampered exchange of surplus goods. Some of the seasonal markets were held at specific times of the year and became associated with particular types of produce such as Suq Hijr in Bahrain, noted for its dates while Suq 'Adan was known for its spices and perfumes. In spite of
The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa is a 1963 book by Manfred Halpern. For years it was "the only academic treatment of Islamism," and served as "the basic text" on the politics of the Arab world for a generation of students. "Politics of Social change" was written at the behest of the RAND Corporation and published by Princeton University Press. It was widely reviewed and went through 6 printings. Halpern describes the Muslim Brotherhood and similar Islamist movements as a new kind