Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis. The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity,
Cardiology (journal) Cardiology (journal) Cardiology: International Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Pharmacology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Karger. The editor-in-chief is J. S. Borer. It was established in 1937 as "Cardiologia" by Bruno Kisch and Wilhelm Löffler. From 1971, the journal was published under the name "Cardiology" and in 2005 it incorporated the medical journal "Heart Drug" and obtained its current name. The journal covers clinical, pre-clinical, and fundamental research as well as topical comprehensive reviews in selected areas of cardiovascular disease. Following the incorporation of the journal "Heart Drug", "Cardiology" has included coverage of issues relating