Identical particles Identical particles Identical particles, also called indistinguishable or indiscernible particles, are particles that cannot be distinguished from one another, even in principle. Species of identical particles include, but are not limited to elementary particles such as electrons, composite subatomic particles such as atomic nuclei, as well as atoms and molecules. Quasiparticles also behave in this way. Although all known indistinguishable particles are "tiny", there is no exhaustive list of all possible sorts of particles nor a clear-cut limit of applicability, as explored in quantum statistics. There are two main categories of identical particles: bosons, which can share quantum states, and
Ugo Fano Fano spent 1936–37 with Werner Heisenberg in Leipzig. In 1939, he married Camilla Lattes, also known as "Lilla", a teacher who would collaborate with him in a well-known book on atomic and molecular physics, "Physics of Atoms and Molecules" (1959). Appendix III of this book presents an elementary description of the collision of two charged particles, which was used by Richard Feynman in lectures that have been published as "". An expanded version of this book was subsequently published as "Basic Physics of Atoms and Molecules" (1972). Later that year, he immigrated to the United States due to increasing antisemitic