National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics with optical frequency combs they form the Polish Optical Atomic Clock (POZA). The POZA is a state-of-the-art optical atomic clock, collaboratively developed by scientists from the University of Warsaw, Jagiellonian University, and Nicolaus Copernicus University. The optical clocks' experimental group at KL FAMO is conducting research on, i.a., black-body radiation influence on the atomic transitions, shapes of molecules potentials by photoassociation spectroscopy, and on topological defects dark matter The studies of the quantum optics group are focused on experimental verifications of fundamental quantum mechanics predictions. In particular, the Laboratory is especially interested in quantum metrology, quantum information and quantum key
Atomic form factor increases with the atomic number, formula_11, of the atoms in a sample. As a result X-rays are not very sensitive to light atoms, such as hydrogen and helium, and there is very little contrast between elements adjacent to each other in the periodic table. For X-ray scattering, formula_12 in the above equation is the electron charge density about the nucleus, and the form factor the Fourier transform of this quantity. The assumption of a spherical distribution is usually good enough for X-ray crystallography. In general the X-ray form factor is complex but the imaginary components only become large near an