Root system inner product is the Killing form. The cosine of the angle between two roots is constrained to be a half-integral multiple of a square root of an integer. This is because formula_32 and formula_33 are both integers, by assumption, and formula_34 Since formula_35, the only possible values for formula_36 are formula_37 and formula_38, corresponding to angles of 90°, 60° or 120°, 45° or 135°, 30° or 150°, and 0° or 180°. Condition 2 says that no scalar multiples of "α" other than 1 and -1 can be roots, so 0 or 180°, which would correspond to 2"α" or −2"α", are
Fermat point one another at angles of 60°. The triangles RAC and BAQ are congruent because the second is a 60° rotation of the first about A. Hence ∠ARF = ∠ABF and ∠AQF = ∠ACF. By the converse of the inscribed angle theorem applied to the segment AF, the points ARBF are concyclic (they lie on a circle). Similarly, the points AFCQ are concyclic. ∠ARB = 60°, so ∠AFB = 120°, using the inscribed angle theorem. Similarly, ∠AFC = 120°. So ∠BFC = 120°. So, ∠BFC and ∠BPC add up to 180°. Using the inscribed angle theorem, this implies that the points