L. L. Zamenhof Esperanto, usually rendered as "humanitism" in English, sometimes rendered loosely as humanitarianism or humanism), based on the principles and teachings of Hillel the Elder. He said of Homaranismo: "It is indeed the object of my whole life. I would give up everything for it." Zamenhof came from and lived a very-much multilingual life. His name is/was variously translitterated, depending on the language: At his birth Zamenhof was given the Hebrew name "Eliezer" by his parents, the equivalent of the Latinized "Lazarus". However Zamenhof was born under Russian domination, and so his birth certificate records his name as "Leyzer Zamengov", using
Ludwik Krzywicki in the organization and management of scientific bodies. He served as vice-director of the Central Statistical Office, taught at the University of Warsaw (1919–36) and other institutions of higher education, and directed the Socio-Economic Institute. During World War II he was injured during the defence of Warsaw in September 1939, and the bomb that destroyed his apartment also caused the loss of most of his papers and manuscripts. His working conditions worsened and he died of heart disease in 1941. Ludwik Krzywicki Ludwik Krzywicki (21 August 1859 – 10 June 1941) was a Polish anthropologist, economist and sociologist. One of