Louis Émile Javal of text, but make short rapid movements (saccades) intermingled with short stops (fixations). Javal's observations were characterised by a reliance on naked-eye observation of eye movement in the absence of technology. Javal's interest in strabismus was due to the disorder affecting his father and sister. Javal himself had heterochromia. At middle-age Javal developed glaucoma, and by 1900 was totally blind. He was a friend of Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof (1859-1917), the inventor of Esperanto, and he stressed the importance of learning this language by the blind. In addition, he was involved in social reform issues that included education and circumstances surrounding
Ludwik Maciej Angeles, California. Ludwik Maciej had two sons, Sylwester and Luis, neither of whom were born in Poland. Ludwik Maciej died on March 12, 2007, in Los Angeles, California, and was buried on April 10, 2007, at the cemetery at Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary. With the help of Christians in Czechowice-Dziedzice, his ashes were brought from the USA by his son and buried in Ludwik Maciej's family grave at the cemetery. Ludwik Maciej Ludwik Maciej (May 16, 1915 – March 12, 2007) was a Polish military pilot, who participated in World War II. Son of Jan and Anna (née