Mariology of the popes John Paul II), visits to Marian shrines (Benedict XVI in 2007) and by actively supporting the fathers of Vatican II as they highlighted the importance of Marian veneration (Popes John XXIII and Paul VI) in "Lumen gentium". Popular views like the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception developed into papal teaching over time. Popes have also limited and cautioned against some devotional practices. In 1674 Pope Clement X (1670–1676) indexed books on Marian piety. After the Council of Trent, "Marian fraternities" were founded, fostering Marian piety, not all of which were approved. Not all Popes took the same view on Marian
Prisoner in the Vatican Prisoner in the Vatican A prisoner in the Vatican or prisoner of the Vatican (; ) is how Pope Pius IX was described following the capture of Rome by the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy on 20 September 1870. Part of the process of Italian unification, the city's capture ended the millennial temporal rule of the popes over central Italy and allowed Rome to be designated the capital of the new nation. The appellation is also applied to Pius's successors through Pope Pius XI. As nationalism swept the Italian Peninsula in the 19th century, efforts to unify Italy