Shifting nth root algorithm not useful for computing roots with a computer, as it is always outperformed by much simpler binary search, and has the same memory complexity. 1. 0 1 1 0 1 1. 7 3 2 0 5 1. 7 0 9 9 7 1. 6 2 6 5 7 Shifting nth root algorithm The shifting "n"th root algorithm is an algorithm for extracting the "n"th root of a positive real number which proceeds iteratively by shifting in "n" digits of the radicand, starting with the most significant, and produces one digit of the root on each iteration, in a manner similar
Primitive root modulo n adding up elements of this multiplicative group? As it happens, sums (or differences) of two primitive roots add up to all elements of the index 2 subgroup of Z/"n" Z for even "n", and to the whole group Z/"n" Z when "n" is odd: No simple general formula to compute primitive roots modulo "n" is known. There are however methods to locate a primitive root that are faster than simply trying out all candidates. If the multiplicative order of a number "m" modulo "n" is equal to formula_2 (the order of Z), then it is a primitive root. In fact