L. L. Zamenhof Trail in Białystok, which was opened in June 2008 by volunteers at The University of Białystok Foundation. In 1960, Esperanto summer schools were established in Stoke-on-Trent in the United Kingdom by the Esperanto Association of Britain (EAB), which began to provide lessons and promote the language locally. There is a road named after Zamenhof in the town: Zamenhof Grove. L. L. Zamenhof Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof (; , ; – ), credited as L. L. Zamenhof and sometimes as the pseudonymous Dr. Esperanto, was a Polish-Jewish ophthalmologist and the creator of Esperanto, the most successful constructed language in the world. He
Ludwik Kowalski on Physics, a textbook on Physics, and two books on Stalinism. In January 2011, Hoover Institution archived his original notebook diaries (in Polish), letters, and personal documents and photographs. His papers can be found online. His presentations can be found online. One of his memoirs is an autobiography based on a diary he kept between 1946 and 2004 (in the USSR, Poland, France, and the USA) and illustrates his evolution from one extreme to another—from devoted Stalinist to active anti-communist: Ludwik Kowalski Ludwik Kowalski (born 1931) is a Polish-American physicist, anti-communist author, and professor emeritus of Montclair State University in