Tipp-Ex errors" (German: "Tippfehler"). He subsequently founded a company of the same name. Shortly after that a "Tipp-Ex Sales & Distribution" company (Tipp-Ex Vertrieb GmbH & Co. KG) was founded in Frankfurt by Otto Carls. This company still exists under the name of Tipp-Ex GmbH & Co. KG close to Frankfurt. "Tipp-Ex" became a registered trademark with the German patent office in 1987. Earlier, in 1951, Bette Nesmith Graham invented the first correction fluid in her kitchen and began marketing the product in 1956 as "Mistake Out", later called Liquid Paper. Tipp-Ex GmbH only started to produce white correction fluid in
Michael Nesmith in the Air Force, Nesmith obtained a G.E.D. and was discharged under honorable conditions in 1962. He enrolled in San Antonio College, a community college, where he met John Kuehne (later to be known as John London) and began a musical collaboration. The duo won the first San Antonio College talent award, performing a mixture of standard folk songs and a few of Nesmith's original songs. While in college, Nesmith began to write more songs and poetry and after moving to Los Angeles, Nesmith began singing in folk clubs around the city and had one notable job as the "Hootmaster"