Vande Mataram "I praise to thee, Mother". The "mother goddess" in later verses of the song has been interpreted as the motherland of the people – Bangamata (Mother Bengal) and "Bharat Mata" (Mother India), though the text does not mention this explicitly. It played a vital role in the Indian independence movement, first sung in a political context by Rabindranath Tagore at the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress. It became a popular marching song for political activism and Indian freedom movement in 1905. Spiritual Indian nationalist and philosopher Sri Aurobindo referred it as "National Anthem of Bengal". The song and
University of Mataram University of Mataram The University of Mataram () is a public university in Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It was established on October 1, 1962. Its rector is Prof Sunarpi. The university has 10 faculties: Universitas Mataram (Unram) is a university under the National Education Ministry, based in Mataram City, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. The founding began with the formation of the Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of the State University of Mataram by PTIP Decree number 89/62 dated June 26, 1962. The committee was chaired by the Head of the Provincial Governor of NTB. Universitas Mataram established their first