Abrahamic religions "Abrahamic traditions" has been challenged. In 2012, Alan L. Berger, Professor of Judaic Studies at Florida Atlantic University, in his Preface to "Trialogue and Terror: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam after 9/11" wrote that there are "commonalities", but "there are essential differences between the Abrahamic traditions" both "historical and theological". Although "Judaism birthed both Christianity and Islam", the "three monotheistic faiths went their separate ways". The three faiths "understand the role of Abraham" in "differing ways", and the relationships between Judaism and Christianity and between Judaism and Islam are "uneven". Also, the three traditions are "demographically unbalanced and ideologically diverse". Also
Islam and antisemitism "negative assessments and even condemnation of prior religions and their adherents occur in all three scriptures of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam." Scholars have studied and debated Muslim attitudes to, and treatment of, Jews in Islamic thought and societies throughout history. The Quran makes forty-three specific references to ""Bani Isrāīl"" (meaning the Children of Israel). The Arabic term "yahud", denoting Jews, and "yahudi" occur eleven times and the verbal form "hāda" (meaning "to be a Jew/Jewish") occurs ten times. According to Khalid Durán, the negative passages use "Yahūd", while the positive references speak mainly of the "Banī Isrā’īl". In Quran Jews