Mariner 10 radiation. The plasma experiment's goal was to study the ionized gases (plasma) of the solar wind, the temperature and density of its electrons, and how the planets affected the velocity of the plasma stream. The experiment contained two components, facing in opposite directions. The Scanning Electrostatic Analyzer was aimed toward the Sun, and could detect positive ions and electrons, which were separated by a set of three concentric hemispherical plates. The Scanning Electron Spectrometer was aimed away from the Sun, and detected only electrons, using just one hemispherical plate. The instruments could be rotated about 60 degrees to either side.
Plasma arc welding triple degrees of ionization. Such states exist as more electrons are pulled from their orbits. The energy of the plasma jet and thus the temperature is dependent upon the electrical power employed to create arc plasma. A typical value of temperature obtained in a plasma jet torch may be of the order of 28000 °C (50000 °F ) against about 5500 °C (10000 °F) in ordinary electric welding arc. Actually all welding arcs are (partially ionized) plasmas, but the one in plasma arc welding is a constricted arc plasma. Plasma arc welding is an arc welding process wherein coalescence is