Root system inner product is the Killing form. The cosine of the angle between two roots is constrained to be a half-integral multiple of a square root of an integer. This is because formula_32 and formula_33 are both integers, by assumption, and formula_34 Since formula_35, the only possible values for formula_36 are formula_37 and formula_38, corresponding to angles of 90°, 60° or 120°, 45° or 135°, 30° or 150°, and 0° or 180°. Condition 2 says that no scalar multiples of "α" other than 1 and -1 can be roots, so 0 or 180°, which would correspond to 2"α" or −2"α", are
Triangle center if the trilinear coordinates of P can be expressed in the form f(A) : f(B) : f(C) where f(A) is a function of the angle A alone and does not depend on the other angles or on the side lengths. A triangle center P is called a "transcendental triangle center" if P has no trilinear representation using only algebraic functions of a, b and c. Let "f" be a triangle center function. If two sides of a triangle are equal (say "a" = "b") then so two components of the associated triangle center are always equal. Therefore all triangle centers