Souq often used as in the Grand Socco and Petit Socco of Tangiers. In the sub-continent, a different corruption, 'chowk', is often used in place of souq. The term is often used generically to designate the market in any Western Asian city, but may also be used in Western cities, particularly those with a Muslim community. Documentary sources point to permanent marketplaces in Middle Eastern cities from as early as 550 BCE. A souq was originally an open-air marketplace. Historically, souqs were held outside cities at locations where incoming caravans stopped and merchants displayed their goods for sale. Souqs were established
The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa is a 1963 book by Manfred Halpern. For years it was "the only academic treatment of Islamism," and served as "the basic text" on the politics of the Arab world for a generation of students. "Politics of Social change" was written at the behest of the RAND Corporation and published by Princeton University Press. It was widely reviewed and went through 6 printings. Halpern describes the Muslim Brotherhood and similar Islamist movements as a new kind