Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof (born Ludwik Krzysztof Zamenhof, 23 January 1925) is a civil and marine engineer, specializing in the design of structural steel and concrete construction. He is a grandson of the Polish-Jewish L. L. Zamenhof, the originator of the international auxiliary language Esperanto. Since the 1960s he has lived in France. He was born in Warsaw. After his father Adam Zamenhof was arrested and shot to death by the Nazis occupying Poland, he and his mother Wanda barely escaped deportation to the Nazi death camp at Treblinka where his aunts Zofia Zamenhof and Lidia Zamenhof were murdered. The
Ludwik Hass to his education. He was released in 1948 and remained in the Soviet Union until he returned to Poland in 1957. On his arrival in Warsaw he astounded a welcoming delegation of students, by announcing that he was a revolutionary who wanted to overthrow the bureaucracy. He then sang "The Internationale" and gave a clenched fist salute. Ludwik Hass Ludwik Hass (1918–2008) was a Polish historian who specialised in the history of Freemasonry in Poland. Hass was born to Jewish parents in Stanisławow. He was brought up in a middle-class family which had been assimilated to polish nationalism. He attended