Litany of the Saints ceremonies involving the Pope, the canonized Popes are moved from their usual place to form part of an expanded list of Popes prior to other bishops and doctors. A commercially published setting of the Litany of Saints by John Becker includes the name of Origen among its additional saints. Although recognized by Pope Benedict XVI as a significant theologian, Origen is not listed in the Roman Martyrology and was anathematized in the year 553 for certain opinions he was alleged to have held. Origen's inclusion in a published litany, albeit without the official sanction of Catholic authorities, has resulted in
Prisoner in the Vatican Pope Pius IX in 1849 and 1860, and it was in sharp contrast to the letter that Garibaldi had written to the pope from Montevideo in 1847, before those events. The stand-off was ended on 11 February 1929, when the Lateran Pacts created a new microstate, that of Vatican City, and opened the way for diplomatic relations between Italy and the Holy See. The Holy See in turn recognized the Kingdom of Italy, with Rome as its capital, thus ending the situation whereby the popes had felt constrained to remain within the Vatican. Subsequently, the popes resumed visiting their cathedral,