Quaternions and spatial rotation around the "z" axis, then flip it 180 degrees around the "x" axis. Take the other book, flip it 180° around "x" axis first, and 90° clockwise around "z" later. The two books do not end up parallel. This shows that, in general, the composition of two different rotations around two distinct spatial axes will not commute. The vector cross product, used to define the axis–angle representation, does confer an orientation ("handedness") to space: in a three-dimensional vector space, the three vectors in the equation will always form a right-handed set (or a left-handed set, depending on how the cross
Sum of angles of a triangle sum of all three exterior angles, that equals to 360° in the Euclidean case (as for any convex polygon), is less than 360° in the spherical case, and is greater than 360° in the hyperbolic case. In the differential geometry of surfaces, the question of a triangle's angular defect is understood as a special case of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem where the curvature of a closed curve is not a function, but a measure with the support in exactly three points – vertices of a triangle. Sum of angles of a triangle In several geometries, a triangle has three "vertices" and