Business cycle by Charles Dunoyer, and similar theories, showing signs of influence by Sismondi, were developed by Johann Karl Rodbertus. Periodic crises in capitalism formed the basis of the theory of Karl Marx, who further claimed that these crises were increasing in severity and, on the basis of which, he predicted a communist revolution. Though only passing references in "Das Kapital" (1867) refer to crises, they were extensively discussed in Marx's posthumously published books, particularly in "Theories of Surplus Value". In "Progress and Poverty" (1879), Henry George focused on land's role in crises – particularly land speculation – and proposed a single
Financial Modelers' Manifesto extensively about the risks related to financial models for several years before the crisis; for example: Emanuel Derman in 1996: Paul Wilmott in 2000: Financial Modelers' Manifesto The Financial Modelers' Manifesto was a proposal for more responsibility in risk management and quantitative finance written by financial engineers Emanuel Derman and Paul Wilmott. The manifesto includes a Modelers' Hippocratic Oath. The structure of the Financial Modelers' Manifesto mirrors that of "The Communist Manifesto" of 1848. The Manifesto and Oath were written in response to the Financial crisis of 2007–2010 with the collapse of subprime mortgages. A shortened version was published in