Abrahamic religions "Abrahamic traditions" has been challenged. In 2012, Alan L. Berger, Professor of Judaic Studies at Florida Atlantic University, in his Preface to "Trialogue and Terror: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam after 9/11" wrote that there are "commonalities", but "there are essential differences between the Abrahamic traditions" both "historical and theological". Although "Judaism birthed both Christianity and Islam", the "three monotheistic faiths went their separate ways". The three faiths "understand the role of Abraham" in "differing ways", and the relationships between Judaism and Christianity and between Judaism and Islam are "uneven". Also, the three traditions are "demographically unbalanced and ideologically diverse". Also
Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam () is a 2005 book by French author Michel Onfray. According to Onfray, the term ""athéologie"" is taken from a project of a series of books written and compiled by Georges Bataille under the vocable "La Somme athéologique", which was ultimately never completed. The book sold over 200,000 copies. Two other books were written shortly after its publication as replies to its arguments: "L'Anti-traité d'athéologie, Le système Onfray mis à nu" by Matthieu Baumier, and "Dieu avec esprit: Réponse à Michel Onfray"