Macular edema eye can result in improved visual outcomes for patients with chronic or refractory diabetic macular edema. Macular edema Macular edema occurs when fluid and protein deposits collect on or under the macula of the eye (a yellow central area of the retina) and causes it to thicken and swell (edema). The swelling may distort a person's central vision, because the macula holds tightly packed cones that provide sharp, clear, central vision to enable a person to see detail, form, and color that is directly in the centre of the field of view. The causes of macular edema are numerous and
Cerebral edema Cerebral edema Cerebral edema is excess accumulation of fluid (edema) in the intracellular or extracellular spaces of the brain. Most changes in morphology are associated with cerebral edema: the brain becomes soft and smooth and overfills the cranial vault, gyri become flattened, sulci become narrowed, and ventricular cavities become compressed. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, faintness, and in severe cases, seizures and coma. If brain herniation occurs, respiratory symptoms or respiratory arrest can also occur due to compression of the respiratory centres in the pons and medulla oblongata. Cerebral edema can result from brain trauma or from nontraumatic causes