Acacia heterophylla Acacia heterophylla Acacia heterophylla, the highland tamarind, is a tree (or shrub in its higher places) endemic to Réunion island where it is commonly named tamarin des hauts The tree has a juvenile stage where its leaves have a pinnate arrangement, but in the adult stage the leaves diminish and the phyllode becomes the dominant photosynthetic structure. It has been introduced into Madagascar where it grows in a subhumid climate at an altitude of about 500–1000 m above sea level. Genetic sequence analysis has shown its closest relative is "Acacia koa" of Hawaii; the estimated time of divergence is about
Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa in 1962, and continue to manufacture and sell the product worldwide. "Pei pa koa" had annual sales of HK$350 million in 2014. A study at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine published in a 1994 article, "Pharmacological studies of nin jion pei pa koa", states that Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa had significant cough relieving and sputum removing effects. In four acute or sub-acute inflammatory models, the anti-inflammatory effect was marked.." "Pei pa koa" is made up of a blend of herbal ingredients including the fritillary bulb ("Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae", 川貝母), loquat leaf ("Eriobotrya japonica", 枇鈀葉), ladybell root ("Adenophora