Nigerian nationalism most serious threat to the Nigerian unity since Nigeria became independent in 1960, as other ethnic groups threatened that they too would also seek secession should Biafra successfully secede. Nigeria responded to the separatist threat with a military campaign against the Biafran government, resulting in the Nigerian Civil War from 1967 to 1970. The war ended with the defeat of the Biafran separatists. Between one and three million Nigerians died in the war. The 19th century did not witness the emergence of any political organization that could help in airing the grievances and expressing the aspirations of Nigerians on a
Great Famine (Ireland) prices promptly dropped. Merchants lobbied against the export ban, but Grattan's Parliament, exercising the short lived powers within the Constitution of 1782, overrode their protests. There was no such export ban in the 1840s. Some historians have argued that in this sense the famine was artificial, caused by the British government's choice not to stop exports. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Irish Catholics, who constituted the vast majority of the population, had been prohibited by the penal laws from purchasing or leasing land, from voting, from holding political office, from living in or within of a corporate town, from