Partition of India million became homeless. However, many argue that the British were forced to expedite the Partition by events on the ground. Once in office, Mountbatten quickly became aware that if Britain were to avoid involvement in a civil war, which seemed increasingly likely, there was no alternative to partition and a hasty exit from India. Law and order had broken down many times before Partition, with much bloodshed on both sides. A massive civil war was looming by the time Mountbatten became Viceroy. After the Second World War, Britain had limited resources, perhaps insufficient to the task of keeping order. Another
Partition of India of India and Pakistan as a key reason for its founding in December 1947. They included FN Souza, MF Husain, SH Raza, SK Bakre, HA Gade and KH Ara, who went on to become some of the most important and influential Indian artists of the 20th Century. Literature describing the human cost of independence and partition comprises Bal K. Gupta's memoirs "Forgotten Atrocities" (2012), Khushwant Singh's "Train to Pakistan" (1956), several short stories such as "Toba Tek Singh" (1955) by Saadat Hassan Manto, Urdu poems such as "Subh-e-Azadi" (Freedom's Dawn, 1947) by Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Bhisham Sahni's "Tamas" (1974), Manohar