Turkish bath with relaxation in a room heated by a continuous flow of hot, dry air, allowing the bather to perspire freely. Bathers may then move to an even hotter room before they wash in cold water. After performing a full body wash and receiving a massage, bathers finally retire to the cooling-room for a period of relaxation. The difference between the Islamic hammam and the Victorian Turkish bath is the air. The hot air in the Victorian Turkish bath is dry; in the Islamic hammam the air is often steamy. The bather in a Victorian Turkish bath will often take a
Turkish name to with both. For example, the writer Ferit Orhan Pamuk is commonly known simply as Orhan Pamuk, but another writer, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, is known with both given names. Many Turkish people with two given names, like Orhan Pamuk, are often known and called by their first name, which is placed between the middle and last names, as opposed to Western naming conventions. Until the introduction of the Surname Law in 1934, as part of Atatürk's Reforms, Turkish citizens had no surnames. The law required all citizens of Turkey to adopt an official surname. Before that, male Turks often used