Artichoke production in Italy Artichoke production in Italy Artichoke production in Italy has a long history. Italy is the world's largest producer of artichokes. With Spain and France, the three countries produce more than 80% of the world's artichokes. There are two theories as to its origin: artichokes may have come from the Levant, derived from the cardoon or thistle through a cross-fertilization process, while others attribute it to the work of Italian horticulturists. The first record of artichoke cultivation in Italy was during the fifteenth century in Naples, where it was considered a new food species. In 1466, Filippo Strozzi brought the first
Variety of finite semigroups arbitrary finite alphabet. Let "A" be its free semigroup. Then let formula_1 be the set of profinite language. Given a semigroup morphism formula_2, let formula_3 be the unique continuous extension of formula_4 to formula_1. A profinite identity is a pair of profinite word "u" and "v". A semigroup "S" is said to satisfy the profinite identity "u" = "v" if, for each semigroup morphism formula_6, the equality formula_7 holds. A variety of finite semigroup is the set of finite semigroup satisfying a set of profinite identities "P". A variety of finite monoid is defined as a variety of finite semigroup,