Hammam-e-Qadimi Hammam-e-Qadimi Hammam-e-Qadimi (, ) is a functional 18th century Turkish bath in Bhopal, India. Erected in the early 1700s during the rule of the Gonds, Hammam-e-Qadimi was gifted to Hajjam Hammu Khalida when Dost Mohammad Khan became Nawab of the city. The Indo-Turkish bath is owned by a descendant of Hajjam Hammu Khalida, Mohammad Sajid, and has been kept in his family for five generations. The oil used for the massages offered in Hammam-e-Qadimi is a special recipe of Sajid's family. Hammam-e-Qadimi was built in the style of the Çemberlitaş Hamamı of Istanbul and was constructed near a mosque so
Turkish literature nation (Turkish: "millet"), and so the literature of this period came to be known as "National Literature" (Turkish: "millî edebiyyât"). It was during this period that the Persian- and Arabic-inflected Ottoman Turkish language was definitively turned away from as a vehicle for written literature, and that literature began to assert itself as being specifically Turkish, rather than Ottoman. At first, this movement crystallized around the magazine "Genç Kalemler" (کنج قلملر; "Young Pens"), which was begun in the city of Selânik in 1911 by the three writers who were most representative of the movement: Ziya Gökalp (1876–1924), a sociologist and thinker;