Geographical name changes in Turkey name changes have continued to retain their Greek origins. For example, the modern name "İzmir" derives from the former Greek name Σμύρνη "Smyrna", through the first two syllables of the phrase "εις Σμύρνην" (pronounced "is Smirnin"), which means "to Smyrna" in Greek. A similar etymology also applies to other Turkish cities with former Greek names, such as İznik (from the phrase "is Nikaean", meaning "to Nicaea"), Istanbul (from the phrase "is tan Polin" or "to the City"), or even for the Greek island of Kos, called "İstanköy" in Turkish. Nişanyan estimates that 4,200 Greek geographical locations have been changed, the
Euonymeia of Gaia with either Uranus or Cephissus. The name itself derives from the Greek root-words "eû" () "good, well", and "onoma" () "name". Alternative interpretations for the origin of the name are that it is a direct reference to the area being "well named" or "of good repute", or that it comes from the spindle tree "Euonymus europaeus". The medieval name "Trachones" derives from the word "trachoni" () meaning "rock", derived from the ancient Greek adjective "trachys" () meaning "coarse". The modern colloquial name "Ano Kalamaki" (upper Kalamaki) arose in 1968 when Euonymeia was administratively linked with the coastal settlement