National emblem of Indonesia the Garuda in Indonesia's coat-of-arms invokes the pre-colonial Hindu kingdoms that spanned across the archipelago, from which the present-day Republic of Indonesia is understood to be descended. However, unlike the traditional anthropomorphic form of Garuda as featured in ancient temples in Java, the Balinese Garuda, or the national emblem of Thailand, the design of Indonesia's "Garuda Pancasila" is rendered in modern naturalist style. The design of "Garuda Pancasila" was inspired by the "elang Jawa" or Javan hawk-eagle ("Nisaetus bartelsi"), an endangered raptor endemic to the mountainous forest regions of Java. The Javan hawk-eagle's resemblance to the "Garuda Pancasila" is most
National Party of Nigeria National Party of Nigeria The National Party of Nigeria (NPN) (now defunct) was the dominant political party in Nigeria during the Second Republic (1979–1983). The party's beginning could be traced to private and sometimes secret meetings among key Northern Nigerian leaders after the proscription of political parties in 1966 by the military regimes of Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi and General Yakubu Gowon. A few members of the proscribed parties based in the Northern section of Nigeria began to organize to form a northern party to prepare for a return to democracy, the group also approached southern Nigerians about the prospect of a