Partition of India potential for increased violence, the new viceroy, Louis Mountbatten, advanced the date for the transfer of power, allowing less than six months for a mutually agreed plan for independence. In June 1947, the nationalist leaders, including Nehru and Abul Kalam Azad on behalf of the Congress, Jinnah representing the Muslim League, B. R. Ambedkar representing the Untouchable community, and Master Tara Singh representing the Sikhs, agreed to a partition of the country along religious lines in stark opposition to Gandhi's views. The predominantly Hindu and Sikh areas were assigned to the new India and predominantly Muslim areas to the new
Partition of India of India and Pakistan as a key reason for its founding in December 1947. They included FN Souza, MF Husain, SH Raza, SK Bakre, HA Gade and KH Ara, who went on to become some of the most important and influential Indian artists of the 20th Century. Literature describing the human cost of independence and partition comprises Bal K. Gupta's memoirs "Forgotten Atrocities" (2012), Khushwant Singh's "Train to Pakistan" (1956), several short stories such as "Toba Tek Singh" (1955) by Saadat Hassan Manto, Urdu poems such as "Subh-e-Azadi" (Freedom's Dawn, 1947) by Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Bhisham Sahni's "Tamas" (1974), Manohar