Geographical name changes in Turkey name changes have continued to retain their Greek origins. For example, the modern name "İzmir" derives from the former Greek name Σμύρνη "Smyrna", through the first two syllables of the phrase "εις Σμύρνην" (pronounced "is Smirnin"), which means "to Smyrna" in Greek. A similar etymology also applies to other Turkish cities with former Greek names, such as İznik (from the phrase "is Nikaean", meaning "to Nicaea"), Istanbul (from the phrase "is tan Polin" or "to the City"), or even for the Greek island of Kos, called "İstanköy" in Turkish. Nişanyan estimates that 4,200 Greek geographical locations have been changed, the
Greek Cypriot name Greek Cypriot name Greek Cypriots may bear common Greek surnames, but there are some which are markedly Cypriot; there are some names which indicate place of birth or origin, or occupation, for example: "Παφίτης" (Paphitis), "from Paphos"; "Καϊμακλιώτης" (Kaimakliotis), "from Kaimakli"; "Σκαρπάρης" (Skarparis), "shoemaker"; "Κωμοδρόμος" (Komodromos), "smith". As most Cypriots used patronymics until independence when surnames became officially used in public registers, a similar process of creation of surnames took place to that of other Greek-speaking populations outside Greece, e.g. the Pontians. A good example would be "Ευσταθιάδης" (Efstathiades). In keeping with older traditions of Greeks, Cypriots often have as