History of the Republic of Turkey of modern Turkey begins with the foundation of the republic on October 29, 1923, with Kemal as its first president. The government was formed from the Ankara-based revolutionary group, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues. The second constitution was ratified by the Grand National Assembly on April 20, 1924. For about the next 10 years, the country saw a steady process of secular Westernization through Atatürk's Reforms, which included the unification of education; the discontinuation of religious and other titles; the closure of Islamic courts and the replacement of Islamic canon law with a secular civil code modeled
Name of Turkey of Torke" is used in the 15th-century Digby Mysteries. Later usages can be found in the Dunbar poems, the 16th century "Manipulus Vocabulorum" ("Turkie, Tartaria") and Francis Bacon's "Sylva Sylvarum" (Turky). The modern spelling "Turkey" dates back to at least 1719. The Turkish name "Türkiye" was adopted in 1923 under the influence of European usage. On 29 October 1923, upon the country declaring a Republic, Turkey adopted its official name, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, known in English as the Republic of Turkey. The first recorded use of the term "Türk" or "Türük" as an autonym is contained in the Old Turkic inscriptions