Japan during World War I land targets in Shandong province and ships in Qiaozhou Bay from the seaplane-carrier "Wakamiya". On 6 September 1914 a seaplane launched by "Wakamiya" unsuccessfully attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser "Kaiserin Elisabeth" and the German gunboat "Jaguar" with bombs. The Siege of Tsingtao concluded with the surrender of German colonial forces on 7 November 1914. In February 1915, marines from the Imperial Japanese Navy ships based in Singapore helped suppress a mutiny by Indian troops against the British government. With Japan's European allies heavily involved in the war in Europe, Japan sought further to consolidate its position in China by presenting the
Constitution of Indonesia powers. The governmental system has been described as "presidential with parliamentary characteristics." Following the Indonesian 1998 Upheaval and the resignation of President Suharto, several political reforms were set in motion, via amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia, which resulted in changes to all branches of government as well as additional human rights provisions. The Japanese invaded the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia) in 1942, defeated the Dutch colonial regime, and occupied it for the duration of the Second World War. Indonesia then fell under the jurisdiction of the Japanese Southern Expeditionary Army ("Nanpo Gun"), based in Saigon, Vietnam. The Japanese divided