Turkish bath with relaxation in a room heated by a continuous flow of hot, dry air, allowing the bather to perspire freely. Bathers may then move to an even hotter room before they wash in cold water. After performing a full body wash and receiving a massage, bathers finally retire to the cooling-room for a period of relaxation. The difference between the Islamic hammam and the Victorian Turkish bath is the air. The hot air in the Victorian Turkish bath is dry; in the Islamic hammam the air is often steamy. The bather in a Victorian Turkish bath will often take a
Turkish name their father's name followed by "-oğlu" ("son of"), or a nickname of the family, before their given name (e.g. "Mustafa-oğlu" Mehmet, "Köselerin" Hasan) before the modern era. The Turks who descended from a ruling house used "-zade" ("descendant in the male line"), e.g. Sami Paşazade Mehmet Bey ("Mehmet Bey, descendant/son of Sami Pasha"). The surname ("soyad", literally "lineage name" or "family name") is an ancestry-based name following a person's given names, used for addressing people or the family. The surname ("soyadı") is a single word according to Turkish law. It is not gender-specific and has no gender-dependent modifications. The "soyadı"