Letter-spacing metal type one could only adjust groups of letters further apart (positive spacing). Letter-spacing adjustments are frequently used in news design. The speed with which pages must be built on deadline does not usually leave time to rewrite paragraphs that end in split words or that create orphans or widows. Letter-spacing is increased or decreased by modest (usually unnoticeable) amounts to fix these unattractive situations. Word processing and desktop publishing programs for personal computers such as—Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, QuarkXPress, Adobe InDesign, Adobe FrameMaker, Adobe Illustrator, and Adobe Photoshop—use differing methods of adjusting letter-spacing. What is common to most systems is
Three letter rule and "ka". Carney calls such words "exceptions which prove the rule, clearly marked as exotic by the spelling". Three letter rule In English spelling, the three letter rule (or short word rule) is the observation that one- and two-letter words tend to be function words such as "I", "at", "he", "if", "of", "or", etc. As a consequence of the rule, "content words" tend to have at least three letters. In particular, content words containing fewer than three phonemes may be augmented with letters which are phonetically redundant, such as "ebb, "add, "egg, "inn, "bee, "awe, "buy", "owe", etc. Many content