Bolsa de Valores de Nicaragua Bolsa de Valores de Nicaragua Bolsa de Valores de Nicaragua (Stock Exchange of Nicaragua, or BVDN) was created in 1994 and is the only stock exchange operating in Nicaragua. The exchange is the result of private sector initiatives encouraging the country's market liberalization programmes, which began in 1990. Trading operations officially began on January 31, 1994, and as of 2006 BVDN is the only organized stock exchange existing in the country. The institution is a private joint-stock company, founded by most of the private and state run banks, and by representatives of enterprising groups from various business sectors. BVDN offers
Rancho Bolsa de las Escorpinas the inland side of Elkhorn Slough. Salvador Maria Espinoza (1796–) married Maria Josefa Lugarda Castro (1796–1848) in 1814. Espinosa served in a number of public offices in Monterey including alcade and regidor. He was mayordomo (administrator) at Mission Soledad in 1836-1839. He received the two square league Rancho Bolsa de las Escorpinas in 1837. Salvador's brother, José Trinidad Espinoza, was grantee of neighboring Rancho Los Gatos or Santa Rita. Salvador's son, Jose Carlos Cayetano Espinosa, was the grantee of Rancho Posa de los Ositos. With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty