Letter frequency words: <nowiki>*</nowiki>See Dotted and dotless I. The figure below illustrates the frequency distributions of the 26 most common Latin letters across some languages. All of these languages use a similar 25+ character alphabet. Based on these tables, the 'etaoin shrdlu'-equivalent results for each language is as follows: Some useful tables for single letter, digram, trigram, tetragram, and pentagram frequencies based on 20,000 words that take into account word-length and letter-position combinations for words 3 to 7 letters in length. The references are as follows: Letter frequency The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and
English words of Greek origin to recognize words of Greek origin, and give hints as to their pronunciation and inflection. Some romanizations are not completely standard. The Ancient Greek diphthongs and may be spelled in three different ways in English: the digraphs "ae" and "oe"; the ligatures "æ" and "œ"; and the simple letter "e". The ligatures have largely fallen out of use worldwide; the digraphs are uncommon in American usage, but remain common in British usage. The spelling depends mostly on the variety of English, not on the particular word. Examples are: "encyclopaedia" / "encyclopædia" / "encyclopedia", "haemoglobin" / "hæmoglobin" / "hemoglobin", "oedema" /