Mustafa Kemal Atatürk system. The one-party regime was established "de facto" in 1925 after the adoption of the 1924 constitution. The only political party of the GNA was the "Peoples Party", founded by Mustafa Kemal on 9 September 1923. (But according to the party culture the foundation date was the opening day of Sivas Congress on 4 September 1919). On 10 November 1924 it was renamed "Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası" or Republican People's Party (the word "fırka" was replaced by the word "parti" in 1935). Abolition of the Caliphate was an important dimension in Mustafa Kemal's drive to reform the political system and to
Nutuk Pasha, Rauf Bey (Orbay), Refet Pasha (Bele), Mersinli Cemal Pasha (Mersinli), Nureddin Pasha, Kara Vasıf Bey (Karakol), Zeki Bey (Kadirbeyoğlu), Celaleddin Arif Bey, Cafer Tayyar Pasha (Eğilmez), Ali Ihsan Pasha (Sâbis), Bekir Sami Bey (Kunduh), Rıza Nur Bey, Edhem Bey and his brothers, Selahaddin Bey (Köseoğlu), Hussein Avni Bey (Ulaş), Ali Rıza Pasha, Şerif Pasha, Ahmet Izzet Pasha (Furgaç), and Çürüksulu Mahmud Pasha. Nutuk Nutuk (Modern Turkish: Söylev; "The Speech") was a speech delivered by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from 15 to 20 October 1927, at the second congress of Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi. The speech covered the events between the start