Computer game bot Turing Test change. When the tournament ended, no bot was rated as more human than any player. In subsequent tournaments, run during 2009–2011, bots achieved scores that were increasingly human-like, but no contestant had won the BotPrize in any of these contests. In 2012, the annual 2K BotPrize was held once again, and two teams programmed bots that achieved scores greater than those of human players. To date, there have been two successfully programmed bots that passed the Computer Game Bot Turing Test: Comments from the winners can be found in detail at the BotPrize website. These victors succeeded in the year
Characteristic class Characteristic class In mathematics, a characteristic class is a way of associating to each principal bundle "X" a cohomology class of "X". The cohomology class measures the extent the bundle is "twisted" — and whether it possesses sections. Characteristic classes are global invariants that measure the deviation of a local product structure from a global product structure. They are one of the unifying geometric concepts in algebraic topology, differential geometry, and algebraic geometry. The notion of characteristic class arose in 1935 in the work of Eduard Stiefel and Hassler Whitney about vector fields on manifolds. Let "G" be a topological