Bendera Pusaka Bendera Pusaka The Bendera Pusaka Sang Saka Merah Putih () was the first Indonesian flag. Sewn by Sukarno's wife Fatmawati, it was raised for the first time when Sukarno proclaimed Indonesia's independence on 17 August 1945. Although required by law to be housed in the National Monument, the flag is still kept at the Presidential Palace. The "Bendera Pusaka" was sewn by Sukarno's wife Fatmawati. It was based on a 13th-century Majapahit flag, which had nine stripes of red and white. It was first raised at Sukarno's house at 56 Pegangsaan Timur Street, Jakarta, after Sukarno read the Proclamation of
Pro-Indonesia militia Pro-Indonesia militia Pro-Indonesia militias (or pro-Indonesian militias) were paramilitary militias in East Timor that were loyal to the Indonesian government during East Timor's bid for independence in the late 1990s. They operated during the final years of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor. Notable militias included Aitarak, Besi Merah Putih, Laksaur, and Mahidi. Pro-Indonesia militias were responsible for multiple atrocities and mass-killings during East Timor's bid for independence and transitional period. This led to the 1999 East Timorese crisis (known as the East Timor Scorched Earth campaign), which included notable incidents such as the Liquiçá Church, Manuel Carrascalão House, and