Chad 24°E. Chad is bounded to the north by Libya, to the east by Sudan, to the west by Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon, and to the south by the Central African Republic. The country's capital is from the nearest seaport, Douala, Cameroon. Because of this distance from the sea and the country's largely desert climate, Chad is sometimes referred to as the "Dead Heart of Africa". The dominant physical structure is a wide basin bounded to the north and east by the Ennedi Plateau and Tibesti Mountains, which include Emi Koussi, a dormant volcano that reaches above sea level. Lake Chad,
Niger–Nigeria relations on control of desertification, promotion of conservation, rational utilization and development of lands, water resources, flora and fauna. "The Maiduguri Agreement", signed on 18 July 1990, and amended 5 October 1998, further deals with development, conservation, and utilization of the water resources of trans–boundary catchments. The Maiduguri Agreement and Abuja Agreement are overseen by the NNJC. Niger–Nigeria relations The Niger–Nigeria relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Niger and Nigeria. Relations are based on a long shared border and common cultural and historical interactions. The 1,500 kilometer (930 mi) long border between Niger to the north and Nigeria