Indonesian language in modern Indonesian, 1,000 Arabic loans, some of Persian and Hebrew origin, some 125 words of Portuguese, some of Spanish and Italian origin, and 10,000 loanwords from Dutch. The vast majority of Indonesian words, however, come from the root lexical stock of Austronesian (including Old Malay). The study of Indonesian etymology and loan words reveals both its historical and social contexts. Examples are the early Sanskrit borrowings from the 7th century during the trading era, the borrowings from Arabic and Persian during the time of the establishment of Islam in particular, and those from Dutch during the colonial period. Linguistic
Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People (Indonesian: Pemufakatan Perhimpunan-perhimpunan Politik Kebangsaan Indonesia, (abbrev: PPPKI), was one of the key anti-colonial political umbrella organizations championing for independence in Indonesia (present-day of Netherlands East Indies) during Dutch colonial rule. PPPKI attempt at uniting disparate key pre-Second World War pan-Indies political reformist and nationalism movements such as Partai Sosialis Indonesia (Socialist Party of Indonesia), Budi Utomo (Great Endeavour), Partai Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Party), Paguyuban Pasundan, Jong Sumatranen Bond (Association of Sumatran Youth), Pemuda Kaum Betawi, and Kelompok Studi Indonesia. PPPKI was established