Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Ninth Amendment (Amendment IX) to the United States Constitution addresses rights, retained by the people, that are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution. It is part of the Bill of Rights. The Ninth Amendment has generally been regarded by the courts as negating any expansion of governmental power on account of the enumeration of rights in the Constitution, but the Amendment has not been regarded as further limiting governmental power. The amendment as proposed by Congress in 1789 and later ratified as the Ninth Amendment reads as follows: When the U.S. Constitution
Institute on the Constitution Institute on the Constitution The Institute on the Constitution is a think-tank and educational organization based in Pasadena, Maryland. The Institute is a project of the American College of Cultural Studies. The Institute's aim "is intended to reconnect Americans to the history of the American Republic and to their heritage of freedom under the law." The Institute educates students about American history and Constitutional government from a "constitutional conservative" perspective. The Institute also offers a course on Jury Duty, stating that: "The duty of the jury is to judge the law and the facts in order to defend our Constitutional