The Mexican Frontier, 1821–1846 published by other historians. This work was supplemented by additional primary materials which he discovered in the archives that allowed him to delve further into certain areas. "The Mexican Frontier" examines the southwestern United States, specifically the areas now known as Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas, in the twenty-five years between Mexico's independence from Spain and the beginning of the Mexican–American War. This resulted in the transfer of control of the border areas to the United States. In the early days of the Republic of Mexico, these areas comprised its northern border, including the territories of Alta California and
Afro-Mexicans in the Mexican War of Independence majority of them still is linked to agricultural economic activities. The war of independence was precipitated by events in Europe, specifically a failed coup against the viceroy Joseph Bonaparte. This encouraged small groups of rebels to take up arms against colonial rule. In September 1810, peasants and indigenous inhabitants of Dolores (Guanajuato) were called to action by the secular Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, former rector of the Colegio de San Nicolás Obispo. People of color were able to see that their independence was worth putting up a fight for it. However, Hidalgo was defeated. José Maria Morelos y