Mustafa Kemal Atatürk system. The one-party regime was established "de facto" in 1925 after the adoption of the 1924 constitution. The only political party of the GNA was the "Peoples Party", founded by Mustafa Kemal on 9 September 1923. (But according to the party culture the foundation date was the opening day of Sivas Congress on 4 September 1919). On 10 November 1924 it was renamed "Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası" or Republican People's Party (the word "fırka" was replaced by the word "parti" in 1935). Abolition of the Caliphate was an important dimension in Mustafa Kemal's drive to reform the political system and to
Cumhuriyet 2016, almost half of the paper's reporters, columnists and executives had been jailed by the Erdoğan government. Following the death of Yunus Nadi on 28 March 1945 in Geneva, Switzerland, "Cumhuriyet" was owned by his eldest son until his death on 20 August 1991. Nadir Nadi's wife Berin then published the newspaper. "Cumhuriyet" has been owned by the Cumhuriyet Foundation since the death of Berin Nadi on 5 November 2001. One of its publishers was the renowned political columnist İlhan Selçuk, who was also chairman of the board of trustees and lead writer (from 1992) until he died in 2010.