Mustafa Kemal Atatürk system. The one-party regime was established "de facto" in 1925 after the adoption of the 1924 constitution. The only political party of the GNA was the "Peoples Party", founded by Mustafa Kemal on 9 September 1923. (But according to the party culture the foundation date was the opening day of Sivas Congress on 4 September 1919). On 10 November 1924 it was renamed "Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası" or Republican People's Party (the word "fırka" was replaced by the word "parti" in 1935). Abolition of the Caliphate was an important dimension in Mustafa Kemal's drive to reform the political system and to
Cumhuriyet Square (İzmir) Cumhuriyet Square (İzmir) Cumhuriyet Square (, meaning "Republic Square") is one of the main urban squares of İzmir, Turkey, located between the neighbourhoods of Alsancak and Çankaya in the Konak district. It is a coastal square at the port of İzmir, very close to Pasaport Quay along the shoreline of the Aegean Sea. It is one of the most popular urban squares of İzmir for public gatherings, together with Konak Square and Gündoğdu Square. The square was built as part of the master plan for the reconstruction of İzmir following the Great Fire in 1922. The monument at the center