Mustafa Kemal Atatürk system. The one-party regime was established "de facto" in 1925 after the adoption of the 1924 constitution. The only political party of the GNA was the "Peoples Party", founded by Mustafa Kemal on 9 September 1923. (But according to the party culture the foundation date was the opening day of Sivas Congress on 4 September 1919). On 10 November 1924 it was renamed "Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası" or Republican People's Party (the word "fırka" was replaced by the word "parti" in 1935). Abolition of the Caliphate was an important dimension in Mustafa Kemal's drive to reform the political system and to
Censorship in Turkey shut, including the dailies "Cumhuriyet" (5 times, for 5 months and 9 days), "Tan" (7 times, for 2 months and 13 days), and "Vatan" (9 times, for 7 months and 24 days). When the Democratic Party under Adnan Menderes came to power in 1950, censorship entered a new phase. The Press Law changed, sentences and fines were increased. Several newspapers were ordered shut, including the dailies "Ulus" (unlimited ban), "Hürriyet", "Tercüman", and "Hergün" (two weeks each). In April 1960, a so-called investigation commission (""Tahkikat Komisyonu"") was established by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It was given the power to