Reverse Turing test a computer is then said to "pass the Turing test" if it is also judged human. Any of these roles may be changed to form a "reverse Turing test". Arguably the standard form of the reverse Turing test is one in which the subjects attempt to appear to be a computer rather than a human. A formal reverse Turing test follows the same format as a Turing test. Human subjects attempt to imitate the conversational style of a conversation program such as ELIZA. Doing this well involves deliberately ignoring, to some degree, the meaning of the conversation that is immediately
Turing test and outcome of the test. An experimental study looking at Gricean maxim violations using transcripts of Loebner's one-to-one (interrogator-hidden interlocutor) Prize for AI contests between 1994–1999, Ayse Saygin found significant differences between the responses of participants who knew and did not know about computers being involved. The power and appeal of the Turing test derives from its simplicity. The philosophy of mind, psychology, and modern neuroscience have been unable to provide definitions of "intelligence" and "thinking" that are sufficiently precise and general to be applied to machines. Without such definitions, the central questions of the philosophy of artificial intelligence cannot