Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People (Youth Oath) of 1928, in which nationalist symbols of Indonesia were adopted, namely, Bahasa Indonesia - a variant of Bahasa Melayu, was named the lingua franca; the presentation of "Indonesia Raya", the national anthem, and the red-white national flag, or "Sang Saka Merah Putih", symbolising the Indonesian independence movement. Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People (Indonesian: Pemufakatan Perhimpunan-perhimpunan Politik Kebangsaan Indonesia, (abbrev: PPPKI), was one of the key anti-colonial political umbrella organizations championing for independence in Indonesia (present-day of Netherlands East Indies) during Dutch colonial rule. PPPKI attempt at uniting
Merah Putih (2009 film) the 3rd part, "Hati Merdeka" ("Hearts of Freedom") in 2011. Merah Putih (2009 film) Merah Putih ("Red [and] White") is a movie, directed by Yadi Sugandi (director of photography for Laskar Pelangi and the Photograph), brought out in Indonesia in 2009. After a silence of almost two decades, Indonesian war-themed movies made a return with the release of Merah Putih. "Janur Kuning" (Young Yellow Coconut Leaves), "Enam Jam di Yogya" (Six Hours in Yogya), "Serangan Fajar" (The Dawn Attack) and "Cut Nyak Dien" are just few of many war movies screened in cinemas years ago, portraying the spirit, struggles and