Mustafa Kemal Atatürk system. The one-party regime was established "de facto" in 1925 after the adoption of the 1924 constitution. The only political party of the GNA was the "Peoples Party", founded by Mustafa Kemal on 9 September 1923. (But according to the party culture the foundation date was the opening day of Sivas Congress on 4 September 1919). On 10 November 1924 it was renamed "Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası" or Republican People's Party (the word "fırka" was replaced by the word "parti" in 1935). Abolition of the Caliphate was an important dimension in Mustafa Kemal's drive to reform the political system and to
Communist Labour Party of Turkey as the Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist (TKEP/L) was founded. TKEP/L wanted to continue armed struggle. TKEP started entering legal politics. It organized an open movement, Emek, that in 1994 joined the (BSP), which would later become the Freedom and Solidarity Party (ÖDP) in 1996. In effect, through Emek, TKEP acted as a fraction within ÖDP. When ÖDP split in 2002, TKEP joined the new Socialist Labour Movement (SEH). Communist Labour Party of Turkey Communist Labour Party of Turkey (in Turkish: "Türkiye Komünist Emek Partisi") is an illegal communist party in Turkey. TKEP was founded on May 1, 1980 by