Mustafa Kemal Atatürk system. The one-party regime was established "de facto" in 1925 after the adoption of the 1924 constitution. The only political party of the GNA was the "Peoples Party", founded by Mustafa Kemal on 9 September 1923. (But according to the party culture the foundation date was the opening day of Sivas Congress on 4 September 1919). On 10 November 1924 it was renamed "Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası" or Republican People's Party (the word "fırka" was replaced by the word "parti" in 1935). Abolition of the Caliphate was an important dimension in Mustafa Kemal's drive to reform the political system and to
Atatürk's Reforms were other parties. A notable example was Nezihe Muhittin who founded the first women's party "Kadınlar Halk Fırkası" ("Women's People Party") in June 1923. Women's People Party was not legalized as the Republic was not officially declared. The Progressive Republican Party ("Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası") was established between 1924 and 1925 under the parliament. Its leader was Kazım Karabekir. It was banned after the Sheikh Said rebellion. The Liberal Republican Party ("Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası") established in 1930 under the parliament, and was later dissolved by its founder. The effective multi-party period began in 1945; the next year, the Republican People's Party