Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People (Youth Oath) of 1928, in which nationalist symbols of Indonesia were adopted, namely, Bahasa Indonesia - a variant of Bahasa Melayu, was named the lingua franca; the presentation of "Indonesia Raya", the national anthem, and the red-white national flag, or "Sang Saka Merah Putih", symbolising the Indonesian independence movement. Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People (Indonesian: Pemufakatan Perhimpunan-perhimpunan Politik Kebangsaan Indonesia, (abbrev: PPPKI), was one of the key anti-colonial political umbrella organizations championing for independence in Indonesia (present-day of Netherlands East Indies) during Dutch colonial rule. PPPKI attempt at uniting
Besi Merah Putih but were often frightened away by enraged villagers, or at times killed. Several did for a time successfully integrate back into the villages of Buku Mara and Bazartete, given the job of being a servant to the other villagers, chopping and gathering firewood or cleaning. However, many of those who were integrated disappeared, with International authorities being unable to verify their whereabouts when attempting to locate them for questioning. It was suspected that they were killed by the village inhabitants in retaliation to their prior acts of violence against their own people. Besi Merah Putih Besi Merah Putih (also known