Romanian alphabet S, T). Romanian alphabet The Romanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used by the Romanian language. It is a modification of the classical Latin alphabet and consists of 31 letters, five of which (Ă, Â, Î, Ș, and Ț) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language: The letters Q ("chiu"), W ("dublu v"), and Y ("igrec" or "i grec") were formally introduced in the Romanian alphabet in 1982, although they had been used earlier. They occur only in foreign words and their Romanian derivatives, such as "quasar", "watt", and "yacht".
Turkish alphabet Persian borrowings from the Ottoman Turkish period, most of which have been eliminated from the language. Native Turkish words have no vowel length distinction, and for them the circumflex is used solely to indicate palatalization. The names of the vowel letters are the vowels themselves, whereas the names of the consonant letters are the consonant plus "e". The one exception is "ğ" ("yumuşak ge"; i.e. "soft g"), which cannot begin a word: "a", "be", "ce", "çe", "de", "e", "fe", "ge", "yumuşak ge", "he", "ı", "i", "je", "ke", "le", "me", "ne", "o", "ö", "pe", "re", "se", "şe", "te", "u", "ü", "ve",