Libertarian paternalism way that will make choosers better off, as judged by themselves" (p. 5); note and consider, the concept paternalism specifically requires a restriction of choice. It is libertarian in the sense that it aims to ensure that "people should be free to opt out of specified arrangements if they choose to do so" (p. 1161). The possibility to opt-out is said to "preserve freedom of choice" (p. 1182). Thaler and Sunstein published "Nudge", a book-length defense of this political doctrine, in 2008 (new edition 2009). Libertarian paternalism is similar to asymmetric paternalism, which refers to policies designed to help people
2008 Quebec provincial by-elections 2008 Quebec provincial by-elections Provincial by-elections were held in Quebec on 12 May 2008 to fill three vacancies in the National Assembly. The by-elections were called on 9 April 2008. All three seats were held by their incumbent parties. The district of Bourget was vacated by Parti Québécois MNA Diane Lemieux on 17 October 2007. Federal Bloc Québécois MP Maka Kotto resigned from the House of Commons of Canada to contest the by-election, which in turn resulted in the federal Saint-Lambert by-election of September 8, 2008. The riding of Hull was vacated by Liberal MNA Roch Cholette on 9 April