Ottoman lira para denominations were struck in copper, the kuruş in silver and the lira in gold. The 1 para was discontinued in 1859, with the higher copper denominations ceasing production between 1863 and 1879. In 1899, billon 5 and 10 para were introduced, followed by nickel 5, 10, 20 and 40 kuruş in 1910. Gold coins continued to be minted after the abolition of the gold standard, even into the 1920s, but their value far exceeded the value of the equivalent denominations in paper currency. The central Ottoman Bank first issued paper currency Kaime in 1862, in the denomination of 200
The Ottoman Republic The Ottoman Republic The Ottoman Republic () is a 2008 Turkish comedy film directed by Gani Müjde. The film, which stars Ata Demirer, is a political comedy built upon the question, "What would have happened if Mustafa Kemal Atatürk never existed?" It went on general release across Turkey on and is the fourth-highest-grossing Turkish film of 2008. The year is 1888. A 7-year-old child was first seen running on a vast field to scare the crows off of the meadows of Thessalonica, and then he falls from a tree while reaching out to a nightingale. Everything goes black. The child