Currency of Venezuela copper centavos dated 1852 were minted at Birmingham and London. Birmingham Mint Ltd.: Royal Mint, London: Venezolano (Peso) = 10 Reales = 100 Centavos Conversion: 1 venezolano = 5 francos A new monetary law, April 1, 1854, provided for a mint in Caracas to produce a national coinage based on both gold and silver. The gold coins would be: onza, media onza, doblón (1/4 onza), escudo (1/8 onza), and venezolano de oro (1/16 onza or peso de oro). Silver coins were: peso fuerte or venezolano de plata, medio peso, peseta (1/4 peso), real (1/8 peso), and medio real (1/16 peso).
Chinese Gold and Silver Exchange Society Chinese Gold and Silver Exchange Society The Chinese Gold and Silver Exchange Society is an organisation of gold trading firms in Hong Kong who are participants of the Chinese Gold and Silver Exchange, the first exchange in Hong Kong. The CGSES was formally established as an organisation in 1910. Its founders were immigrants from mainland China. It eventually stopped trading silver, but gold trading saw significant growth after 1974 when the government loosened legal restrictions, and by 1979 trading volume was roughly one million ounces per day, making it one of the world's four largest gold trading centres along with