Refractory period (sex) for treating sexual dysfunction. Sildenafil, used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, was found in one scientific study to have caused "a decreased postejaculatory erectile refractory time (3.2 ± 0.7 vs. 6.4 ± 0.7 minutes)" in men diagnosed with premature ejaculation. It is additionally proposed that the gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), which is considered to inhibit the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and sexual functions causes refractoriness of the post-ejaculatory refractory period. This hypothesis also supports the increase of oxytocin and prolactin after orgasm in accordance with the previous studies. One alternative theory explains the male refractory period in terms of a peripheral
Human milk microbiome in mature milk. Taxonomic composition of human milk also varies across the lactation period, initially dominated by "Weisella, Leuconostoc, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus," and "Lactococcus" species, and later composed primarily of "Veillonella, Prevotella, Leptotrichia, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium," and "Enterococcus" Human milk oligosaccharides, a primary component of human milk, are prebiotics which have been shown to promote growth of beneficial "Bifidobacterium" and "Bacteroides" species. Mode of delivery may influence composition of the human milk microbiome, vaginal births being associated with high taxonomic diversity and high prevalence of "Bifidobacterium" and "Lactobacillus," and the opposite trend being seen with Cesarean births, however, no relationship between