Toyota concept vehicles (2000–2009) Fine-S and was shown at the October 2003 Tokyo Motor Show and the January 2004 North American International Auto Show. The Fine-N uses a hydrogen fuel cell electric hybrid system which drives four independent 25 kW electric motors - one in each wheel. The hybrid system uses a Lithium-ion battery under the seats. Control is by drive-by-wire. The Alessandro Volta is a concept car developed in the collaboration of the Japanese manufacturer Toyota and the Italian design company Italdesign Giugiaro. The concept vehicle named after Alessandro Volta, the Italian physicist who invented the battery (and the namesake of the volt
Alessandro Volta with brine-soaked paper, and detected the flow of electricity by other means familiar to him from his previous studies. In this way he discovered the electrochemical series, and the law that the electromotive force (emf) of a galvanic cell, consisting of a pair of metal electrodes separated by electrolyte, is the difference between their two electrode potentials (thus, two identical electrodes and a common electrolyte give zero net emf). This may be called Volta's Law of the electrochemical series. In 1800, as the result of a professional disagreement over the galvanic response advocated by Galvani, Volta invented the voltaic pile,