Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas scope of the epidemics over the years was tremendous, killing millions of people—possibly in excess of 90% of the population in the hardest hit areas—and creating one of "the greatest human catastrophe in history, far exceeding even the disaster of the Black Death of medieval Europe", which had killed up to one-third of the people in Europe and Asia between 1347 and 1351. One of the most devastating diseases was smallpox, but other deadly diseases included typhus, measles, influenza, bubonic plague, cholera, malaria, tuberculosis, mumps, yellow fever and pertussis, which were chronic in Eurasia. This transfer of disease between the
Indigenous health in Australia partner violence. The 26% of Indigenous Australians living in remote areas experience 40% of the health gap of Indigenous Australians overall. The effects of colonisation on the health of Indigenous Australians are due to factors such as land dispossession, social marginalisation, political oppression, incarceration, acculturation, and population decline. European colonisation in Australia began with the arrival of the British in 1788. Their arrival introduced foreign diseases, warfare, and violence to the Indigenous population, and the immediate effect was widespread mortality and disease. By the end of the 19 century, Indigenous Australians were confined to remote reserves and missions. They were