Libertarian paternalism way that will make choosers better off, as judged by themselves" (p. 5); note and consider, the concept paternalism specifically requires a restriction of choice. It is libertarian in the sense that it aims to ensure that "people should be free to opt out of specified arrangements if they choose to do so" (p. 1161). The possibility to opt-out is said to "preserve freedom of choice" (p. 1182). Thaler and Sunstein published "Nudge", a book-length defense of this political doctrine, in 2008 (new edition 2009). Libertarian paternalism is similar to asymmetric paternalism, which refers to policies designed to help people
Thaler (modern: ) is German for "valley", and a "thaler" is a person or a thing "from the valley". The Czech spelling was ; many varieties of the term are used in different languages. In the 1902 spelling reform, the German spelling was changed from "Thal" and "Thaler" to "Tal" and "Taler", which however did not affect the English spelling of "thaler". The later Dutch also carried the picture of a lion, which gave them the name ("lion thaler"). From an abbreviation of "leeuwendaalder" come the names of three present-day Balkan currencies, the Romanian and Moldovan Leu and the Bulgarian Lev.