History of Turkey newly formed "Republic of Turkey" as the successor state of the Ottoman Empire, and the republic was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923, in the new capital of Ankara. Mustafa Kemal became the republic's first President of Turkey and subsequently introduced many radical reforms with the aim of founding a new secular republic from the remnants of its Ottoman past. The Ottoman fez was abolished, full rights for women politically were established, and new writing system for Turkish based upon the Latin alphabet was created. According to the Law on Family Names, the Turkish parliament presented Mustafa Kemal with the
General Staff of the Republic of Turkey Turkey. It is customary for the Chief of the General Staff to have held the posts of Commander of the First Army of Turkey and Commander of the Turkish Land Forces prior to their appointment. The hierarchy, representation and employment of the Turkish Armed Forces within the state organization is regulated by the constitution of Turkey. According to the constitution, the office of the 'Commander in Chief' is represented in the spiritual entity of the Grand National Assembly. The Chief of the General Staff is appointed by the President as the Commander of the Armed Forces. The Council of Ministers