Reverse Turing test subject of the test involves reversing the roles of the real and control subjects. When a Turing test is applied to a mixed group of human and computer subjects, the computers are the nominal subjects. However, the humans are judged in exactly the same way, and so their Turing test scores can also be calculated. This is another way of viewing the situation described in the previous section. The term "reverse Turing test" has also been applied to a Turing test (test of humanity) that is administered by a computer. In other words, a computer administers a test to determine
Turing test published (see "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"). In 1966, Joseph Weizenbaum created a program which appeared to pass the Turing test. The program, known as ELIZA, worked by examining a user's typed comments for keywords. If a keyword is found, a rule that transforms the user's comments is applied, and the resulting sentence is returned. If a keyword is not found, ELIZA responds either with a generic riposte or by repeating one of the earlier comments. In addition, Weizenbaum developed ELIZA to replicate the behaviour of a Rogerian psychotherapist, allowing ELIZA to be "free to assume the pose of knowing almost