Ottoman lira issued in the form of 5 and 10 para stamps affixed to card. Ottoman lira The Ottoman lira was the currency of Ottoman Empire between 1844 and 29 October 1923 . It replaced the kuruş as the principal unit of currency, with the kuruş continuing to circulate as a subdivision of the lira, with 100 kuruş = 1 lira. The para also continued to be used, with 40 para = 1 kuruş. Until the 1930s, the Arabic script was used on Turkish coins and banknotes, with پاره for para, غروش for kuruş and ليرا for lira (تورك ليراسي for "Turkish
Russia–Turkey relations Russia–Turkey relations Russia–Turkey relations (; ) is the bilateral relationship between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Turkey and their predecessor states. From the late 16th until the early 20th centuries, relations between the Ottoman and Russian empires were normally adverse and the two powers were engaged in a number of Russo-Turkish wars. However, in the early 1920s, as a result of the Bolshevik Russian government′s assistance to Turkish revolutionaries during the Turkish War of Independence, the governments of Moscow and Ankara developed warm relations. Relations turned sour at the end of WWII as the Soviet government laid territorial