Mustafa Kemal Atatürk system. The one-party regime was established "de facto" in 1925 after the adoption of the 1924 constitution. The only political party of the GNA was the "Peoples Party", founded by Mustafa Kemal on 9 September 1923. (But according to the party culture the foundation date was the opening day of Sivas Congress on 4 September 1919). On 10 November 1924 it was renamed "Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası" or Republican People's Party (the word "fırka" was replaced by the word "parti" in 1935). Abolition of the Caliphate was an important dimension in Mustafa Kemal's drive to reform the political system and to
Communist Workers Party of Turkey and "Kamu Emekçileri Bülteni" (workers' bulletin). Communist Workers Party of Turkey Communist Workers Party of Turkey () is an illegal communist party in Turkey. TKİP was founded in November 1998 by EKİM (October), a group that had split away from the Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey (TDKP) in 1988. Initially EKİM had been known as Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey-Leninist Wing ("Türkiye Devrimci Komünist Partisi-Leninist Kanat"). In February 1999, TKİP suffered a split, and the Revolutionary People's Movement (DHH) was formed. TKİP prisoners in Turkish prisons took part in the death fasts in 2000. TKİP publishes "Ekim" (October), "Kızıl Bayrak"