Turing test that what interrogators expect as human responses is not necessarily typical of humans. As a result, some individuals can be categorised as machines. This can therefore work in favour of a competing machine. The humans are instructed to "act themselves", but sometimes their answers are more like what the interrogator expects a machine to say. This raises the question of how to ensure that the humans are motivated to "act human". A critical aspect of the Turing test is that a machine must give itself away as being a machine by its utterances. An interrogator must then make the "right
Characteristic class Characteristic class In mathematics, a characteristic class is a way of associating to each principal bundle "X" a cohomology class of "X". The cohomology class measures the extent the bundle is "twisted" — and whether it possesses sections. Characteristic classes are global invariants that measure the deviation of a local product structure from a global product structure. They are one of the unifying geometric concepts in algebraic topology, differential geometry, and algebraic geometry. The notion of characteristic class arose in 1935 in the work of Eduard Stiefel and Hassler Whitney about vector fields on manifolds. Let "G" be a topological