Bolsa de Valores de Nicaragua Bolsa de Valores de Nicaragua Bolsa de Valores de Nicaragua (Stock Exchange of Nicaragua, or BVDN) was created in 1994 and is the only stock exchange operating in Nicaragua. The exchange is the result of private sector initiatives encouraging the country's market liberalization programmes, which began in 1990. Trading operations officially began on January 31, 1994, and as of 2006 BVDN is the only organized stock exchange existing in the country. The institution is a private joint-stock company, founded by most of the private and state run banks, and by representatives of enterprising groups from various business sectors. BVDN offers
Rancho Bolsa de Tomales Padilla’s Sonoma ranch. In 1848, after he returned from Los Angeles, Padilla, who long had been blamed for the murders in Santa Rosa, was attacked by a group of former Bear Flaggers in a Sonoma hotel. In 1849, Padilla sold Rancho Bolsa de Tomales to Felix Berreyesa and Jesus Molina. In 1850 Padilla sold Rancho Roblar de la Miseria, and returned to Los Angeles. Juan Nepomuceno Padilla married Maria Marta Avila (1825 - ) in 1851. With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants