Classical element to use the term "element (στοιχεῖον, "stoicheion")" in reference to air, fire, earth, and water. The ancient Greek word for element, "stoicheion" (from "stoicheo", "to line up") meant "smallest division (of a sun-dial), a syllable", as the composing unit of an alphabet it could denote a letter and the smallest unit from which a word is formed. A similar alphabetic metaphor may be the origin of the equivalent Latin word "elementum" (from which the English word comes), possibly based on the names of the letters 'l', 'm', and 'n', though the validity of this idea is debated. In his "On
Archaic humans Archaic humans A number of varieties of "Homo" are grouped into the broad category of archaic humans in the period contemporary to and predating the emergence of the earliest anatomically modern humans ("Homo sapiens") over 315 ka. The term typically includes "Homo neanderthalensis" (430+–38ka), "Denisovans", "Homo rhodesiensis" (300ka–125ka), "Homo heidelbergensis" (600ka–200ka), and "Homo antecessor". There is no universal consensus on this terminology, and varieties of "archaic humans" are included under the binomial name of either "Homo sapiens" or "Homo erectus" by some authors. Archaic humans had a brain size averaging 1,200 to 1,400 cubic centimeters, which overlaps with the range