Notoscopelus caudispinosus anal fin and 11 to 13 in the pectoral fins. There are groups of photophores (small light organs) on the head and sides of the body. Above the caudal peduncle there is a row of eight to nine luminous scale-like segments in adult males, but male fish lack luminous organs above the eye and on the cheek. "N. caudispinosus" differs from closely related species in having fewer than 15 gill rakers. This species has a wide oceanic distribution in deep water habitats. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean between the equator and about 35°N, but is absent from
Apogonichthyoides pharaonis ridge and saw-like margin. There is a spine which projects from the operculum in line with the central point of the eye. There are three vertical black bars which contrast with the grey-brown ground colour of the body, there is one bar running down from each dorsal fin and the last bar is on the caudal peduncle. There is a characteristic black ‘eye-spot’ surrounded by a yellow ring within the first bar. The first dorsal fin has a dark leading edge while that of the pelvic fins is white. "Apogonichthyoides pharaonis" is native to the western Indian Ocean from the