Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation of the action occurring in the border area between Indonesia and East Malaysia on the island of Borneo (known as Kalimantan in Indonesia). The conflict was characterised by restrained and isolated ground combat, set within tactics of low-level brinkmanship. Combat was usually conducted by company- or platoon-sized operations on either side of the border. Indonesia's campaign of infiltrations into Borneo sought to exploit the ethnic and religious diversity in Sabah and Sarawak compared to that of Malaya and Singapore, with the intent of unraveling the proposed state of Malaysia. The challenging jungle terrain of Borneo and lack of roads straddling
Peninsular Malaysia agreement with Federation of Malaya in forming the Federation of Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia also known as Malaya or West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on the Malay Peninsula and surrounding islands. Its area is , which is nearly 40% of the total area of the country - - or slightly smaller than England and Java island. It shares a land border with Thailand in the north. To the south is the island of Singapore. Across the Strait of Malacca to the west lies the Sumatra Island (Indonesia) and across the South China Sea to the