One-party period of the Republic of Turkey the Liberal Republican Party was established but dissolved by its founder. The Progressive Republican Party had also been established in 1924 by Kazım Karabekir, but was banned after its members' involvement in the 1925 Sheikh Said rebellion. Despite Atatürk's efforts in establishing a self-propagating multi-party system during his presidency, this was only established after his death in 1938. With the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, efforts to modernize the country began. The institutions and constitutions of Western states such as France, Sweden, Italy, and Switzerland were analyzed and adapted according to the needs and characteristics of the Turkish nation.
Istanbul Hezarfen Airfield Istanbul Hezarfen Airfield Istanbul Hezarfen Airfield () is a privately owned airport for general aviation located in Çatalca district of Istanbul, Turkey. The facility, one of the four airports in Istanbul, is named after Hezârfen Ahmet Çelebi, a legendary Ottoman aviator, who purportedly flew across the Bosporus in the 17th century, as told by a contemporary traveler Evliya Çelebi. The airfield is situated on a peninsula surrounded by Lake Büyükçekmece to the south and by the motorway O-3 to the north. It is west of Istanbul. It serves, since 1992, as the first internationally acknowledged private airport in Turkey. Its