Dysphoric milk ejection reflex sense of depression and this feeling can range from mild homesickness or wistfulness to more intense feelings of hopelessness and self-loathing. Similarly, anxiety may range from restlessness to more intense panic and dread. Anger, the least likely of the three, may range from tension and agitation to more intense feelings of hostility and aggression. The mechanism is not clear. In a mother with D-MER, dopamine may fall inappropriately with milk release, causing the negative feelings. Among the hormones involved in milk production and release are oxytocin, prolactin, and dopamine. Oxytocin, released in pulsatile "spikes" from the posterior pituitary in response
Human milk microbiome in mature milk. Taxonomic composition of human milk also varies across the lactation period, initially dominated by "Weisella, Leuconostoc, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus," and "Lactococcus" species, and later composed primarily of "Veillonella, Prevotella, Leptotrichia, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium," and "Enterococcus" Human milk oligosaccharides, a primary component of human milk, are prebiotics which have been shown to promote growth of beneficial "Bifidobacterium" and "Bacteroides" species. Mode of delivery may influence composition of the human milk microbiome, vaginal births being associated with high taxonomic diversity and high prevalence of "Bifidobacterium" and "Lactobacillus," and the opposite trend being seen with Cesarean births, however, no relationship between