History of the Republic of Turkey of modern Turkey begins with the foundation of the republic on October 29, 1923, with Kemal as its first president. The government was formed from the Ankara-based revolutionary group, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues. The second constitution was ratified by the Grand National Assembly on April 20, 1924. For about the next 10 years, the country saw a steady process of secular Westernization through Atatürk's Reforms, which included the unification of education; the discontinuation of religious and other titles; the closure of Islamic courts and the replacement of Islamic canon law with a secular civil code modeled
Greens Party (Turkey) Greens Party (Turkey) Greens Party () was a green liberal party in Turkey. Being the 57th political party of Turkey, it was established on June 30, 2008 after years of preparation since 2002. A green party with the same name was established prior to its establishment in 1988 (its founding President was former Health Minister Celal Ertuğ). The latter was closed down in 1994, and its third and last President was Aydın Ayas, who took the eco-liberal turn for the party. Greens maintain local branches and initiatives in İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Bursa, Tekirdağ, and Antalya. Greens were known as the