History of the Republic of Turkey making Turkey a homogeneous Muslim state. There was also the rise of the active participation of the military in politics after the First World War as shown in the so-called Young Turk Revolution in 1908. Ten years later, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) and other army officers dominated the polity that finally established the nationalist Republic of Turkey out of what was left of the Ottoman Empire. Turkey was established based on the ideology found in the country's pre-Ottoman history and was also steered towards a secular political system to diminish the influence of religious groups such as the Ulema. The history
History of the Jews in Turkey although there is no known official record for other Turkish Jews who may have died during the Holocaust in Nazi Germany. According to Rifat Bali, Turkish authorities bear some responsibility for the Struma disaster, killing about 781 Jewish refugees and 10 crew, due to their refusal to allow the Jewish refugees on board to disembark in Turkey. William Rubinstein goes further, citing British pressure on Turkey not to let "Struma"s passengers disembark, in accordance with Britain's White Paper of 1939 to prevent further Jewish immigration to Palestine. When the Republic of Turkey was established in 1923, Aliyah was not particularly