Voltaic pile Voltaic pile The voltaic pile was the first electrical battery that could continuously provide an electric current to a circuit. It was invented by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta, who published his experiments in 1799. The voltaic pile then enabled a rapid series of other discoveries including the electrical decomposition (electrolysis) of water into oxygen and hydrogen by William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle (1800) and the discovery or isolation of the chemical elements sodium (1807), potassium (1807), calcium (1808), boron (1808), barium (1808), strontium (1808), and magnesium (1808) by Humphry Davy. The entire 19th century electrical industry was powered by batteries
Treaty of Warsaw (1745) Treaty of Warsaw (1745) The Treaty of Warsaw was a diplomatic agreement signed in Warsaw on 8 January 1745. Its birthplace is traced back to Leipzig, Germany. It was an agreement between Great Britain, Austria, the Dutch Republic and Saxony (the Quadruple Alliance) to uphold the pragmatic sanction enabling their favored candidate Maria Theresa to take the throne of the Austrian Empire. It also helped the Austro-Saxon alliance secure "the pecuniary support of the maritime powers by the treaty of Warsaw" (Horn, 34). This brought Saxony into intimate relations with Britain for the first time. It is considered to be