Čifte Hammam Čifte Hammam Cifte hammam () is a hammam in the Old Bazaar of Skopje, Macedonia. It was built in the mid-15th century by Bosnian general Isa-Beg Ishaković in order to provide a regular source of income for his endowment. Name of the hammam is derived from the Turkish word "çift" meaning "two" or "couple" as the building consists of two main parts. Since 2001 the object is used for exhibitions as a part of the National institution “National gallery of Macedonia”. Male and female dressing rooms are apart with a joint bath area. There were three separate rooms with high
Turkish Sudan of the Khedives of Egypt. The 'Turkish connection' was that the Khedives of Egypt were nominal vassals of the Ottoman Empire, so all acts were done, notionally, in the name of the Ottoman Sultan in Istanbul. The Egyptian elite may be described as 'notionally' Turkish speaking because while Ismail Pasha, who conquered Egypt, spoke Turkish and could not speak Arabic, Arabic rapidly became widely used in the army and administration in the following decades, until under the Khedive Ismail Arabic was made the official language of government, with Turkish being confined only to correspondence with the Sublime Porte. The term