National emblem of Indonesia the Garuda in Indonesia's coat-of-arms invokes the pre-colonial Hindu kingdoms that spanned across the archipelago, from which the present-day Republic of Indonesia is understood to be descended. However, unlike the traditional anthropomorphic form of Garuda as featured in ancient temples in Java, the Balinese Garuda, or the national emblem of Thailand, the design of Indonesia's "Garuda Pancasila" is rendered in modern naturalist style. The design of "Garuda Pancasila" was inspired by the "elang Jawa" or Javan hawk-eagle ("Nisaetus bartelsi"), an endangered raptor endemic to the mountainous forest regions of Java. The Javan hawk-eagle's resemblance to the "Garuda Pancasila" is most
National Open University of Nigeria into the Institution. National Open University of Nigeria The National Open University of Nigeria is a Federal Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institution, the first of its kind in the West African sub-region. It is Nigeria's largest tertiary institution in terms of student numbers and is popularly referred to as 'NOUN'. The National Open University was initially established on 22 July 1983 as springboard for open and distance learning in Nigeria. It was suspended by the government on 25 April 1984. However, its resuscitation was begun on 12 April 2001 by the former President of Nigeria, Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo. At