Women in Bulgaria of men and women in family law. This is explicitly stipulated in the Family Code, Art 2, which defines seven principles of family relations, one of which is "equality between the man and the woman". This is reinforced at Art 13, titled, "Equality between spouses" which states: "The spouses shall have equal rights and obligations in the matrimony." Despite legal equality, societal norms of the Balkan culture often consider the wife to be in a position of subordination to the husband. Bulgaria is part of the paradox of many Eastern European societies: a long tradition of involvement of women in
Customary law in South Africa could be faced with considerable difficulties despite the promise of section 30 of the Constitution." Customary law and ethnicity has roots in the idea of kinship, which colonizers used to enforce morality within tribes and between tribes. The recognition of ACL has tended to be seen as a danger to women's rights and interests. The system of customary law, running parallel to state legislation "create a stumbling block for advancing gender equality and women's rights." Women have been denied many rights under customary law and were even seen as legal minors, regardless of their age. Women seeking redress in a