Gluten the final product with a chewy texture. Wheat, barley, rye and oat prolamins are respectively known as gliadins, hordeins, secalins and avenins; these protein classes are often collectively referred to as gluten. Wheat glutelins are called glutenin. True gluten is limited to the grains listed above. The storage proteins in maize and rice are sometimes called glutens, but they differ from true gluten. In a small part of the general human population, gluten can trigger adverse autoimmune reactions responsible for a broad spectrum of gluten-related disorders, including coeliac disease, non-coeliac gluten sensitivity, gluten ataxia and dermatitis herpetiformis. People with these
Gluten conditions often practice gluten-free diets. The occurrence of oat avenin toxicity depends on the oat cultivar consumed, because the immunoreactivities of toxic prolamins are different among oat varieties. Also, many oat products are cross-contaminated with other gluten-containing cereals. Gluten is a protein complex that accounts for 75–85% of the total protein in bread wheat. In home or restaurant cooking, gluten is prepared from flour by kneading the flour under water, agglomerating the gluten into an elastic network known as a dough, and then washing out the starch. Starch granules disperse in low-temperature water, and the dispersed starch is sedimented and