Graphene smaller amplitude and higher frequency. This phenomenon, named "membrane effect", was predicted by Lifshitz in 1952. A prediction that was published in 2015 suggested a melting point of ≈4125 K. Recent and more sophisticated modelling has increased this temperature to at least 5000 K. At 6000 K (the sun's surface having an effective temperature of 5,777 K) graphene melts into an agglomeration of loosely coupled doubled bonded chains, before becoming a gas. The carbon–carbon bond length in graphene is about 0.142 nanometers. Graphene sheets stack to form graphite with an interplanar spacing of . Graphene is the strongest material ever
Empire of the Atom bodily" from the plot of "I, Claudius". A genealogy chart of the ruling family of the Empire of Linn is included. Van Vogt based "Empire of the Atom" largely on the plot of "I, Claudius" by Robert Graves, putting it into a science-fictional setting. The work was originally presented as five novelettes published in "Astounding Science Fiction" between May 1946 and December 1947. Some time, a little over 10,000 years from now, a noblewoman gives birth to a deformed child, a consequence of having been accidentally exposed to radiation from one of the temples of the Atom Gods. The baby