Muqaddimah empires to collapse, with the result that lower revenue was collected from high rates." He wrote: Ibn Khaldun introduced the concept now popularly known as the Laffer curve, that increases in tax rates initially increase tax revenues, but eventually the increases in tax rates cause a decrease in tax revenues. This occurs as too high a tax rate discourages producers in the economy. Ibn Khaldun used a dialectic approach to describe the sociological implications of tax choice (which now forms a part of economics theory): This analysis is very similar to the modern economic concept known as the Laffer curve.
Notional Defined Contributions Notional Defined Contributions The term Notional Defined Contributions or Non-financial Defined Contributions or NDC refers to type of public pension system in which contributions made by the public behave in similar way they would in most public funds. This system is implemented in several countries in Europe such as Latvia, Poland, Italy and Sweden. NDC is in many ways similar to classical PAYG pension scheme. Working age individuals contribute to the system and pay for the benefits of current retirees. However, NDCs are different when it comes to determining the size of the benefits. For each individual the amount contributed