French Sudan French Sudan French Sudan (; "") was a French colonial territory in the federation of French West Africa from around 1880 until 1960, when it became the independent state of Mali. The colony was formally called French Sudan from 1890 until 1899 and then again from 1921 until 1958, and had a variety of different names over the course of its existence. The colony was initially established largely as a military project led by French troops, but in the mid-1890s it came under civilian administration. A number of administrative reorganizations in the early 1900s brought increasing French administration over issues
The Founding Ceremony of the Nation changes to the painting tell a bitter story, reflecting the political influences on art. But it didn't affect Dong Xiwen's love of art." Wu Hung described "The Founding of the Nation" as "arguably the most celebrated work of official Chinese art". He noted that the painting is the only "canonized" one depicting the October 1 ceremony, and that other artists have tended to give the people's perspective, subjecting themselves to Mao's gaze. The painting is a modern-day example of "damnatio memoriae", the alteration of artworks or other objects to remove the image or name of a disfavored person. Deng Zhangyu,