Security hacker that members of the computer underground should be called crackers. Yet, those people see themselves as hackers and even try to include the views of Raymond in what they see as a wider hacker culture, a view that Raymond has harshly rejected. Instead of a hacker/cracker dichotomy, they emphasize a spectrum of different categories, such as white hat, grey hat, black hat and script kiddie. In contrast to Raymond, they usually reserve the term "cracker" for more malicious activity. According to Ralph D. Clifford, a "cracker" or "cracking" is to "gain unauthorized access to a computer in order to commit
Black + White Mobile Black + White Mobile Black+White was a New Zealand mobile virtual network operator which used Vodafone New Zealand's GSM (and UMTS networks, where available). When the company was operational, their handsets were compatible with the Vodafone network and some may also be compatible with Spark's network. The handsets are similar to Vodafone's handset range but are sold at different prices. Although they operate on Vodafone's network, Black+White use their own mobile numbers with the 028 prefix at the beginning of the mobile number. Black+White was established in October 2008 by a former Telecom executive. It aimed to offer New Zealand