Boko Haram insurgency insurgency spread to neighboring Cameroon, Chad, and Niger thus becoming a major regional conflict. In 2015, a coalition offensive forced Boko Haram to retreat into the Sambisa Forest. The insurgency took place within the context of long-standing issues of religious violence between Nigeria's Muslim and Christian communities. Boko Haram has been called the world's deadliest terrorist group, in terms of the number of people it has killed. Nigeria was amalgamated both the Northern and Southern protectorate in 1914, only about a decade after the defeat of the Sokoto Caliphate and other Islamic states by the British which were to constitute
Al-Haram, Jaffa shrine for al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (d. A.D. 1081), who was a descendant of the second Muslim Caliph 'Umar ibn al-Khattab. According to Morris, the villagers were evacuated on 3 February 1948 out of fear of Jewish attack, after Haganah or Irgun attacks on nearby villages. The only trace of the former village is the "Sidna Ali shrine" and the cemetery which surrounds it. The cemetery has been developed as a parking lot for Israeli tourists. Al-Haram, Jaffa Al-Haram ("El Haram ʿAly Ibn ʿAleim", also "Sayyiduna Ali" or "Sidna Ali" "sanctuary of ʿAli [Ibn ʿAleim]"), was a Palestinian Arab village in