Peace Village (Winnipeg, Manitoba) Peace Village (Winnipeg, Manitoba) On September 1, 1990, Indigenous activists set up a “Peace Village” on the front lawn of the Provincial Legislative Building in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The encampment was to stay up indefinitely in anticipation of a peaceful resolution to the Oka Crisis. The goal of the Peace Village was to show support for the Mohawks of Kanehsatake and Kahnawake protesting near Oka Quebec and to call for a peaceful resolution in the armed stand-off between them and the Canadian armed forces and Sûreté du Québec (SQ). There were further goals of the Winnipeg, Manitoba Peace Village which
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs useful role in opening communication channels during a time of otherwise-strained official and unofficial relations. It provided background work to the Partial Test Ban Treaty (1963), the Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968), the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), the Biological Weapons Convention (1972), and the Chemical Weapons Convention (1993). Former US Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara has credited a backchannel Pugwash initiative (code named PENNSYLVANIA) with laying the groundwork for the negotiations that ended the Vietnam War. Mikhail Gorbachev admitted the influence of the organisation on him when he was leader of the Soviet Union. In addition, Pugwash has been credited with being