Makruh Makruh In Islamic terminology, something which is makruh (Arabic: مكروه, transliterated: makrooh or "makrūh") is a disliked or offensive act (literally "detestable" or "abominable"). It is one of the five categories ("al-ahkam al-khamsa") in Islamic law -- "wajib/fard" (obligatory), "Mustahabb/mandub" (recommended), "mubah" (neutral), "makruh" (disapproved), "haram" (forbidden). Though it is not "haram" (forbidden) or subject to punishment, a person who abstains from this act will be rewarded. Muslims are encouraged to avoid such actions when or as possible. It is one of the degrees of approval ("ahkam") in Islamic law. Examples of something considered "Makruh" are the use of a
Herem (censure) Herem (censure) Herem (, also Romanized "chērem, ḥērem") is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to "vitandus" "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic terms "ḥarām" "forbidden, taboo, off-limits, or immoral" and haram "set apart, sanctuary", and the Ge'ez word "ʿirm" "accursed". Arguably the most famous case of a herem is that of Baruch Spinoza, the seventeenth century philosopher. Other famous subjects of a herem were early Russian communists Leon