Cell (biology) made up of cellulose, fungi cell walls are made up of chitin and bacteria cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan. A gelatinous capsule is present in some bacteria outside the cell membrane and cell wall. The capsule may be polysaccharide as in pneumococci, meningococci or polypeptide as "Bacillus anthracis" or hyaluronic acid as in streptococci. Capsules are not marked by normal staining protocols and can be detected by India ink or methyl blue; which allows for higher contrast between the cells for observation. Flagella are organelles for cellular mobility. The bacterial flagellum stretches from cytoplasm through the cell membrane(s)
Insect cell culture culture. Insect cell culture The use of insect cell lines as production hosts is an emerging technology for the production of bio pharmaceuticals. There are currently more than 100 insect cell lines available for recombinant protein production with lines derived from "Bombyx mori", "Mamestra brassicae", "Spodoptera frugiperda", "Trichoplusia ni", and "Drosophila melanogaster" being of particular interest. Insects cell lines are commonly used in place of prokaryotic ones because post-translational modifications of proteins are possible in insect cells whereas this mechanism is not present in prokaryotic systems. The Sf9 cell line is one of the most commonly used lines in insect