Neo-völkisch movements forms and esoteric themes, so that neo-"völkisch" currents often have the character of new religious movements. Included under the neo-"völkisch" umbrella are movements ranging from conservative revolutionary schools of thought ("Nouvelle Droite", European New Right, Evolian Traditionalism) to white supremacist and white separatist interpretations of Christianity, pantheism and paganism (Christian Identity, Creativity Movement, Cosmotheism, Nordic racial paganism) to Neo-Nazi subcultures (Esoteric Hitlerism, Nazi Satanism, National Socialist black metal). According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, only pagan-type groups are recognized as "Neo-Volkisch", excluding Christian Identity. Among the terms used are Nazi Satanism and Fascist Satanism. Sometimes these groups self-identify as
Neo-Vedanta understanding of the scriptures as the primary means to moksha. According to Comans, the emphasis on samadhi also is not to be found in the Upanishads nor with Shankara. For Shankara, meditation and Nirvikalpa Samadhi are means to gain knowledge of the already existing unity of Brahman and Atman. In the 21st century, Neo-Vedanta has been criticized by Hindu traditionalists for the influence of "Radical Universalism", arguing that it leads to a "self-defeating philosophical relativism," and has weakened the status and strength of Hinduism. In the 20th century the German Indologist used the terms "Neo-Vedanta" and "Neo-Hinduism" polemically, to criticize