Nineteen Eighty-Four and opera. The effect of "Nineteen Eighty-Four" on the English language is extensive; the concepts of Big Brother, Room 101, the Thought Police, thoughtcrime, unperson, memory hole (oblivion), doublethink (simultaneously holding and believing contradictory beliefs) and Newspeak (ideological language) have become common phrases for denoting totalitarian authority. Doublespeak and groupthink are both deliberate elaborations of "doublethink", and the adjective "Orwellian" means similar to Orwell's writings, especially "Nineteen Eighty-Four". The practice of ending words with (such as "mediaspeak") is drawn from the novel. Orwell is perpetually associated with 1984; in July 1984, an asteroid was discovered by Antonín Mrkos and named
Iron law of oligarchy universal principles, such as neutrality, verifiability, civility, and consensus. The ambiguity and interpretability of these abstract concepts may drive them to decouple from each other over time." The Iron Law of Oligarchy is similar to the concept in "The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism", a fictional book in the dystopian novel "Nineteen Eighty-Four" (1949) by George Orwell. The book begins: Iron law of oligarchy The iron law of oligarchy is a political theory, first developed by the German sociologist Robert Michels in his 1911 book, "Political Parties". It asserts that rule by an elite, or oligarchy, is inevitable as