Edward L. Hedden Nix wished to exempt his tomato imports from a vegetable tariff included in the Tariff of 1883, as tomatoes are botanically considered fruit. In 1893, the Supreme Court ruled against Nix, stating that tomatoes were generally considered vegetables and thus should be taxed as such. Edward L. Hedden Edward Long Hedden (December 24, 1828 – February 6, 1893) was Collector of the Port of New York from 1885 to 1886. Hedden was born in 1828, in New York City, New York, to Josiah Hedden (who had studied law under Alexander Hamilton) and Elizabeth June Hedden. In 1855, he married Elizabeth
International Fruit and Vegetable Juice Association as an NGO at government and international organisations. It acts as a regulatory information centre and supports harmonisation of international regulatory standards and practices across the juice sector. The Methods of Analysis Commission, chaired by Mikko Hofsommer of GfL in Berlin, has as its primary mission to create and standardise methods of analysis, specifically for processed fruit and vegetable products. Most of the published IFU methods are listed as official methods in codex. The Microbiology working group, chaired by Andreas Politzer and Rudolph Wild is a subgroup of the methods of analysis commission, focuses on similar issues within their field.