Animal mesoderm forms by enterocoelic pouching, through invagination of the endoderm. The main deuterostome phyla are the Echinodermata and the Chordata. Echinoderms are exclusively marine and include starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers. The chordates are dominated by the vertebrates (animals with backbones), which consist of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The deuterostomes also include the Hemichordata (acorn worms). The Ecdysozoa are protostomes, named after their shared trait of ecdysis, growth by moulting. They include the largest animal phylum, the Arthropoda, which contains insects, spiders, crabs, and their kin. All of these have a body divided into repeating segments, typically
Three subgroups lemma for all formula_13 and formula_11. Since these elements generate formula_20, we conclude that formula_21 and hence formula_4. [[Category:Theorems in group theory]] [[Category:Articles containing proofs]] [[Category:Lemmas]] Three subgroups lemma In mathematics, more specifically group theory, the three subgroups lemma is a result concerning commutators. It is a consequence of the Philip Hall and Ernst Witt's eponymous identity. In that which follows, the following notation will be employed: Let "X", "Y" and "Z" be subgroups of a group "G", and assume Then formula_4. More generally, if formula_5, then if formula_6 and formula_7, then formula_8. Hall–Witt identity If formula_9, then Proof of the