Balanoglossus in Mashail Island described it as a worm-like holothurian. The discovery of gill-slits in this animal by Kowalewsky (1865) led to creation of a special class Enteropneusta by Gegenbaur (1870). Bateson (1885) included them in Phylum Chordata. Hyman (1959), however, placed them near Echinodermata and gave Hemichordata a status of an independent phylum. This simple organism shows affinities with several diverse groups. Balanoglossus is a tuberculos or burrowing and exclusively marine animal. It is found in shallow waters between tide marks along the coast of warm and temperate oceans. Balanoglossus clavigerus is a U-shaped excavated in a sandy bottom Nemertines
Bacterial phyla Gram positive bacteria, many of which are notable secondary metabolite producers. There are only two phyla of monoderm Gram positive bacteria, the other being the "Firmicutes"; the actinobacteria generally have higher GC content so are sometimes called "high-CG Gram positive bacteria". Notable genera/species include "Streptomyces" (antibiotic production), "Propionibacterium acnes" (odorous skin commensal) and "Propionibacterium freudenreichii" (holes in Emmental) The "Aquificae" (diderm Gram negative) contains only 14 genera (including Aquifex and Hydrogenobacter). The species are hyperthermophiles and chemolithotrophs (sulphur). According to some studies, this may be one of the most deep branching phyla. The "Bacteroidetes" (diderm Gram negative) is a member