Oryza sativa indicates that rice domestication likely began before 5000 BC, but that most sites in China from which rice remains have been recovered are younger than 5000 BC. Rice begins to be cultivated in South Asia from as early as 5000 BC. Wild rice appeared in the Belan and Ganges valley regions of northern India as early as 4530 BC and 5440 BC, respectively, J.Bates et al.(2016) found early domestication process of rice in ancient South Asia was based around the wild species "Oryza nivara". This led to the local development of a mix of 'wetland' and 'dryland' agriculture of local
Scirpophaga nivella orange anal tuft, sometimes brownish in the female. The larvae are off white with a reddish dorsal line. Major feeding plant is sugarcane, besides "Oryza sativa", "Scirpus", "Cyperus", "Eleocharis" (including "Eleocharis dulcis") and "Calidum articulatum" are also susceptible as feeding plants of the moth. Caterpillars bore into midrib, by leaving red markings and small holes on the leaves. Then it bore in the upper portion of stem, causing "dead heart" symptoms. Gradually, side branches start growing from a lower node, giving a characteristic "bunchy top" appearance to the plant. Most effective method is using biological predators and parasitoids. It is