Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in Pugwash, Nova Scotia in 1957. The theme of the conference is "Confronting New Nuclear Dangers." The conference agenda will focus on strengthening the nuclear test ban and combating terrorism. The Astana conference working groups include: Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs The Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs is an international organization that brings together scholars and public figures to work toward reducing the danger of armed conflict and to seek solutions to global security threats. It was founded in 1957 by Joseph Rotblat and Bertrand Russell in Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada, following the release of the
Pugwash River the shafts running under the river near the village. As of 2010 the mine was still in operation, although there were doubts about its long-term future. Pugwash is known as the location of the first of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, where Bertrand Russell invited nuclear scientists from the USA, USSR and other countries to discuss world peace in July 1957. The conference was held at the Thinker's Lodge, built in the 1830s and owned by the millionaire Cyrus S. Eaton, who was born in Pugwash. The 1891 "Sailing Directions" says, "Pugwash River, immediately within the harbor,