Four Marks of the Church adjective ("katholikos"), meaning "general", "universal". It is associated with the Greek adverb ("katholou"), meaning "according to the whole", "entirely", or "in general", a combination of the preposition meaning "according to" and the adjective meaning "whole". Applied to the church, the adjective "catholic" means that in the church the wholeness of the Christian faith, full and complete, all-embracing, and with nothing lacking, is proclaimed to all people without excluding any part of the faith or any class or group of people. The adjective can be applied not only to the church as spread throughout the world but also to each local
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea ocean was discovered by Hippalus (1st century BCE). Many trade goods are mentioned in the "Periplus", but some of the words naming trade goods are seen nowhere else in ancient literature, and so we can only guess as to what they might be. For example, one trade good mentioned is ""lakkos chromatinos"". The name "lakkos" appears nowhere else in ancient Greek or Roman literature. The name re-surfaces in late medieval Latin as "lacca", borrowed from medieval Arabic "lakk" in turn borrowed from Sanskritic "lakh", meaning lac i.e. a red-colored resin native to India used as a lacquer and used also