Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs The Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs is an international organization that brings together scholars and public figures to work toward reducing the danger of armed conflict and to seek solutions to global security threats. It was founded in 1957 by Joseph Rotblat and Bertrand Russell in Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada, following the release of the Russell–Einstein Manifesto in 1955. Rotblat and the Pugwash Conference jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995 for their efforts on nuclear disarmament. International Student/Young Pugwash groups have existed since founder Cyrus Eaton's death in 1979.
Virginia Gamba (UN official) in the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA). She later served Head of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons-United Nations joint investigative Mechanism. Gamba shared the Nobel Peace Prize as formal member of the executive board of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (1995) with Joseph Rotblat. She served on the Pugwash board from 1985-1996. Virginia Gamba (UN official) Virginia Gamba is the United Nations Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict. She was appointed 12 April 2017 by United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres, to replace Leila Zerrougui. Gamba was educated in Bolivia, Peru, Switzerland,