Climate change in Japan of crude oil annually must reduce emissions by 15–20% of the average volume from the three years before this bylaw. Even with emissions trading or cap-and-trade, if the targeted reduction not is achieved by 2020, a penalty of up to JPY500,000 will be charged. This penalty chargeable regulation is the first in Japan. Japan created the Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan to lay out the necessary measures required to meet their 6% reduction commitment under the Kyoto Protocol. It was first established as an outcome of the evaluation of the Climate Change Policy Program carried out in 2004. The main
Capital flows in Japan tight controls over both inflow and outflow of capital. As part of these controls, for example, government severely restricted foreign direct investment in Japan, but it encouraged licensing agreements with foreign firms to obtain access to their technology. As Japan's current account position strengthened in the 1960s, however, the nation came under increasing pressure to liberalise its tight controls. When Japan became a member of the OECD in 1966, it agreed to liberalise its capital markets. This process began in 1967 and continues. Decontrol of international capital flows was aided in 1980, when the new Foreign Exchange and Foreign Control