Hypo Alpe Adria Bank guarantee, offered a debt hair-cut to buy the senior bonds for 75% face value and 30% face value for subordinated bonds. On 4 August 2016, a private equity fund advised by Bain Capital purchased Heta Asset Resolution Italia S.r.l. (former Hypo Alpe-Adria Leasing S.r.l.) from Heta. During the year, Financial Market Authority also made a debt hair cut using the power as a resolution authority of EU "Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive", making the bad bank had a positive equity for the first time. Hypo Alpe Adria Bank Heta Asset Resolution A.G. is a "bad bank" that was the residual
Value-added tax listed remained VAT free. The "value-added tax" has been criticized as the burden of it falls on personal end-consumers of products. Some critics consider it to be a regressive tax, meaning that the poor pay more, as a percentage of their income, than the rich. Defenders argue that relating taxation levels to income is an arbitrary standard, and that the value-added tax is in fact a proportional tax in that people with higher income pay more in that they consume more. The effective progressiveness or regressiveness of a VAT system can also be affected when different classes of goods are