Laffer curve and many others advocate a zero capital gains rate. The increased aggregate supply would result in increased aggregate demand, hence the term "supply-side economics". Laffer assumes that the government's revenue is a continuous function of the tax rate. However, in some theoretical models, the Laffer curve can be discontinuous, leading to an inability to devise a revenue-maximizing tax rate solution. Additionally, the Laffer curve depends on the assumption that tax revenue is used to provide a public good that is separable in utility and separate from labor supply, which may not be true in practice. The Laffer curve as presented
Notional Defined Contributions pension system the pension is based on history of lifetime earnings and is much more heavily influenced by misreporting of one’s income. In Poland NDC pension scheme was introduced in 1996. The country faced serious fiscal challenges with rate of contribution into the pension system having reached 45% of gross wage. The system was implemented in 1999 after long political discussion about its various aspects and was meant as means of both reducing the future pension debt and motivating workers to prolong their careers. Notional Defined Contributions The term Notional Defined Contributions or Non-financial Defined Contributions or NDC refers to