Four Marks of the Church adjective ("katholikos"), meaning "general", "universal". It is associated with the Greek adverb ("katholou"), meaning "according to the whole", "entirely", or "in general", a combination of the preposition meaning "according to" and the adjective meaning "whole". Applied to the church, the adjective "catholic" means that in the church the wholeness of the Christian faith, full and complete, all-embracing, and with nothing lacking, is proclaimed to all people without excluding any part of the faith or any class or group of people. The adjective can be applied not only to the church as spread throughout the world but also to each local
English words of Greek origin πρεσβύτερος ("presbýteros" 'elder'), and "church" < Old English "cirice", "circe" < probably κυριακή [οἰκία] ("kȳriakḗ [oikía]" 'lord's [house]'). In some cases, the orthography of these words was later changed to reflect the Greek – and Latin – spelling: "e.g.", "quire" was respelled as "choir" in the 17th century. Sometimes this was done incorrectly: "ache" is from a Germanic root; the spelling "ache" reflects Samuel Johnson's incorrect etymology from Greek ἄχος. Many more words were borrowed by scholars writing in Medieval and Renaissance Latin. Some words were borrowed in essentially their original meaning, often transmitted through classical Latin: "topic", "type", "physics",