Demographic history of Japan before the Meiji Restoration papers of the Shōsōin (8th century) and others, as well as remnants of specific periods. Since Kyōto (or Heian-kyō) became the capital of Japan in 794, it has been one of the most important cities in Japan. Hiraizumi and Kamakura flourished under Northern Fujiwara clans (during 12th century) and Kamakura shogunate (1192 to 1333), respectively. The urban area of Kyōto suffered from the Ōnin War (1467 to 1477) and split into two districts, but coalesced into a great city of more than 400,000 inhabitants after the end of Sengoku period. The Christian missionaries led by Francis Xavier reported that the
Oceanic climate steppe-like ("BSk") or even desert-like ("BWk") scarcity of precipitation. This climate is found on the Asian mainland in mountainous areas of the tropics, such as the foothills of the Himalayas and south-west China. Within Japan, the port city of Muroran is the only part of Hokkaido with an oceanic climate. Parts of the northeastern coast of Honshu, from Mutsu, Aomori towards Miyako, Iwate, also feature this climate. Île Amsterdam and Île Saint-Paul, both part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, are located in the subtropics and have an oceanic climate (akin to Tristan da Cunha; see above). The subtropical