Tariff of 1883 tariff without having to involve himself in a congressional battle over the issue. The law exempts fruit but not vegetables, causing tomato importers to file sue claiming that tomatoes are a fruit, resulting in the unanimous U.S. Supreme Court decision in "Nix v. Hedden" (May 10, 1893) that tomatoes are to be considered a vegetable for purposes of this tariff. Tariff of 1883 In United States tax law history, the Tariff of 1883 (signed into law on March 3, 1883), also known as the Mongrel Tariff Act by its critics, reduced high tariff rates only marginally, and left in place
Privacy and the US government the Griswold v. Connecticut decision of "marital privacy". When Katz was recorded by a recording device placed by government agents in the public telephone booth, the Court held that the charges against him were based on the government's infringement on his right to privacy through an illegal "search and seizure" outlined in the Fourth Amendment. Prior to this court case the Fourth Amendment was often used to protect against the right of privacy to “material things”, however, this court decision overturned the prior precedent from the Olmstead v. United States decision. Established in the court case Katz v. United States,