Edward L. Hedden Nix wished to exempt his tomato imports from a vegetable tariff included in the Tariff of 1883, as tomatoes are botanically considered fruit. In 1893, the Supreme Court ruled against Nix, stating that tomatoes were generally considered vegetables and thus should be taxed as such. Edward L. Hedden Edward Long Hedden (December 24, 1828 – February 6, 1893) was Collector of the Port of New York from 1885 to 1886. Hedden was born in 1828, in New York City, New York, to Josiah Hedden (who had studied law under Alexander Hamilton) and Elizabeth June Hedden. In 1855, he married Elizabeth
Investment Trust Companies (in liq) v HM Revenue and Customs could have rights under EU law, following "Danfoss" and "Reemtsma". There should be a direct remedy, but subject to limitation defences. These were "San Giorgio" claims, and there was no need to confine the claimant to "Francovich v Italy" damages. Investment Trust Companies (in liq) v HM Revenue and Customs Investment Trust Companies v HMRC [2012] EWHC 458 (Ch) is an English unjust enrichment law case, concerning to what extent enrichment of the defendant must be at the expense of the claimant. The Investment Trust Companies (ITC), closed end investment trusts who got investment management services from management companies, sued