American Open Currency Standard was Chair of the Committee. American Open Currency Standard American Open Currency Standard (AOCS) is a non-profit organization opposed to fiat money and wishing to expedite the use of metal as money. In accordance with its mission, AOCS grants approval to new currencies, helps new currency issuers to establish brand identity, and encourages merchants to accept AOCS-approved currencies. AOCS was started in 2007 by Robert Gray, who was formerly a Regional Currency Office for Liberty Dollar and is currently the Executive Director of AOCS. Robert Gray testified before the United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy and
Card money financial crisis in France. For nearly 18 months there was no official circulating currency. The Company of the Indies ran storehouses for employees. The purchase of goods required vouchers which circulated as a makeshift currency. The company began issuing card money in January 1722 with two authorizing signatures of company directors in France or local officers in Louisiana. Denominations ranged from 5 sous to 50 livres, in different shapes to be easily distinguished by non-French speaking and illiterate population. With the introduction of the company card money also came severe inflation. By 1725 both the company vouchers and cards had