French West Africa with the exception of the Senegalese Communes, the administrative structure of French rule at the lower levels remained constant, based upon the Cercle system. This was the smallest unit of French political administration in French colonial Africa that was headed by a European officer. They might range in size, but French Sudan (modern Mali) consisted of less than a dozen Cercles for most of its existence. Thus, a Cercle Commander might be the absolute authority over hundreds of thousands of Africans. A Cercle consisted of several cantons, each of which in turn consisted of several villages, and was almost universal
Bor District (South Sudan) Bor District (South Sudan) Bor-Duk District is a former administrative district located in what is now Jonglei State, South Sudan. The district headquarters was Bor. Until 1906, the Bor-Duk District was part of the Upper Nile Province under the colonial Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Government and encompassed all Dinka-speaking communities living on the east side of the Bahr al Jabal River. In 1906 the Bor-Duk District was shifted to Mongalla Province, which had been created from the southern districts of the Upper Nile Province. In 1909-1910, colonial officials began forcibly resettling people along the northern border of the Bor-Duk district, with the