Cell (biology) made up of cellulose, fungi cell walls are made up of chitin and bacteria cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan. A gelatinous capsule is present in some bacteria outside the cell membrane and cell wall. The capsule may be polysaccharide as in pneumococci, meningococci or polypeptide as "Bacillus anthracis" or hyaluronic acid as in streptococci. Capsules are not marked by normal staining protocols and can be detected by India ink or methyl blue; which allows for higher contrast between the cells for observation. Flagella are organelles for cellular mobility. The bacterial flagellum stretches from cytoplasm through the cell membrane(s)
Cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) Cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) In enzymology, a cellulose synthase (, "UDP-glucose:(1→4)-β--glucan 4-β--glucosyltransferase") is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and [(1→4)-β--glucosyl], whereas its two products are UDP and [(1→4)-β--glucosyl]. This enzyme is involved in the synthesis of cellulose. A similar enzyme utilizes GDP-glucose, cellulose synthase (GDP-forming) (EC 2.4.1.29). Cellulose is an aggregation of unbranched polymer chains made of β-(1→4)-linked glucose residues that makes up a large portion of primary and secondary cell walls. Although important for plants, it is also synthesized by most algae, some bacteria, and some animals. Worldwide, 2