Bulletproof vest material for use in body armor. Graphene is manufactured from carbon and is the thinnest, strongest, and most conductive material on the planet. Taking the form of hexagonally arranged atoms, its tensile strength is known to be 200 times greater than steel, but studies from Rice University have revealed it is also 10 times better than steel at dissipating energy, an ability that had previously not been thoroughly explored. To test its properties, the University of Massachusetts stacked together graphene sheets only a single carbon atom thick, creating layers ranging in thickness from 10 nanometers to 100 nanometers from 300
Two-electron atom Two-electron atom In atomic physics, a two-electron atom or helium-like ion is a quantum mechanical system consisting of one nucleus with a charge of "Ze" and just two electrons. This is the first case of many-electron systems where the Pauli exclusion principle plays a central role. It is an example of a three-body problem. The first few two-electron atoms are: The Schrödinger equation for any two-electron system, such as the neutral Helium atom (He, "Z" = 2), the negative Hydrogen ion (H, "Z" = 1), or the positive Lithium ion (Li, "Z" = 3) is: For a more rigorous mathematical