Exchange force Exchange force In physics the term exchange force has been used to describe two distinct concepts which should not be confused. The preferred meaning of exchange force is in particle physics, where it denotes a force produced by the exchange of force carrier particles, such as the electromagnetic force produced by the exchange of photons between electrons and the strong force produced by the exchange of gluons between quarks. The idea of an exchange force implies a continuous exchange of particles which accompany the interaction and transmit the force, a process that receives its operational justification through the Heisenberg uncertainty
Superpartner Superpartner In particle physics, a superpartner (also sparticle) is a class of hypothetical elementary particles. Supersymmetry is one of the synergistic theories in current high-energy physics that predicts the existence of these "shadow" particles. When considering extensions of the Standard Model, the "s-" prefix from "sparticle" is used to form names of superpartners of the Standard Model fermions (sfermions), e.g. the stop squark. The superpartners of Standard Model bosons have an "-ino" (bosinos) appended to their name, e.g. gluino, the set of all gauge superpartners are called the gauginos. According to the supersymmetry theory, each fermion should have a partner