Pole weapon long blade used by both infantry and cavalry. Occasionally glaive blades were created with a small hook or spike on the reverse side. Such glaives are named glaive-guisarme. A voulge (occasionally called a pole cleaver) is a curved blade attached to a pole by binding the lower 2/3 of the blade to the side of the pole, to form a sort of axe. Looks very similar to a glaive. A svärdstav (literally sword-staff) is a Swedish medieval pole arm that consists of a two-edged sword blade attached to a staff. The illustrations often show the weapon being equipped with sword-like
Types of Karma (Jainism) Types of Karma (Jainism) According to Jain karma theory, there are eight main types of karma ("Prikriti") which are categorized into the ‘harming’ and the ‘non-harming’; each divided into four types. The harming karmas ("ghātiyā karmas") directly affect the soul powers by impeding its perception, knowledge and energy, and also brings about delusion. These harming karmas are: "darśanāvaraṇa" (perception obscuring karma), "Jnanavarniya" (knowledge obscuring karma), "antarāya" (obstacles creating karma) and "mohanīya" (deluding karma). The non-harming category ("aghātiyā karmas") is responsible for the reborn soul's physical and mental circumstances (nāma), longevity (āyuś), spiritual potential (gotra) and experience of pleasant and unpleasant