Optimal tax the optimum. Stipulating this condition results in the following formula for the optimal top tax rate, if incomes are Pareto distributed: formula_1 where: Empirical estimation of the parameters of this equation suggests that the revenue-maximising top tax rate is between approximately 50% and 80%, although this estimate neglects long-run behavioural responses, which would imply higher elasticities and a lower optimal tax rate. Saez's analysis can also be generalised to tax rates other than the top rate. In the late 1970s, Arthur Laffer developed the Laffer curve, which demonstrates that there are two effects of changing tax rates: an arithmetic effect—if
Notional Keeneland three weeks before the running of the Kentucky Derby. He will undergo surgery for the injury which is not life-threatening, but there is question about whether he will be able to return to racing. He did not run in any of the Triple Crown races. Having an uneventful four-year-old season, Notional returned to form winning the July 5th, 2008 running of the Salvator Mile Handicap under Joe Bravo. Notional Notional (born February 1, 2004 in California) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse. He was sired by In Excess and out of the mare Truly Blessed. His damsire, French Deputy, is