Islam in Burkina Faso and order and by stimulating trade. They also tended to regard Muslims as culturally and educationally more advanced than non-Muslim Africans, and appointed Muslim chiefs and clerks as administrators in non-Muslim areas. In Upper Volta at the end of the 19th century there were only some 30,000 Muslims, but by 1959 there were 800,000, approximately 20 percent of the population. In 1984, Upper Volta was renamed Burkina Faso. After a succession of military coups, a constitutional republic was established in 1991. In Burkina Faso the Arabist and Islamist movement is viewed a counter-culture to the European style of modernity, and
State Anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan State Anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan The National Anthem of Tatarstan (; ) was originally adopted in 1993 without lyrics. The music was composed by Rustem Yakhin. The anthem eventually had lyrics, written by Ramazan Baytimerov. Being that both Russian and Tatar are official languages of Tatarstan, the anthem's lyrics are written in both languages, as done in a similar manner to the anthem of the Altai Republic. However, it is difficult to have corresponding Russian words to a Tatar text, due to the different structures of the two languages, so as a result the lyrics are not official.