Optimal tax the optimum. Stipulating this condition results in the following formula for the optimal top tax rate, if incomes are Pareto distributed: formula_1 where: Empirical estimation of the parameters of this equation suggests that the revenue-maximising top tax rate is between approximately 50% and 80%, although this estimate neglects long-run behavioural responses, which would imply higher elasticities and a lower optimal tax rate. Saez's analysis can also be generalised to tax rates other than the top rate. In the late 1970s, Arthur Laffer developed the Laffer curve, which demonstrates that there are two effects of changing tax rates: an arithmetic effect—if
Notional Park in Arcadia, California by four lengths under jockey Corey Nakatani. Sent to the Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans, Louisiana in February, Notional scored a 2 length win in the Risen Star Stakes under jockey Robby Albarado in a race where favorite Circular Quay was seriously impeded as a result of a race accident. Notional came in a close second to Scat Daddy in the Florida Derby in his last prep before the Kentucky Derby. While he was set to run the Triple Crown races, Notional suffered a fracture of his front cannon bone during a workout at