The Nexus Trilogy a treadmill in Kyoto, Japan. Later work done by Phillip Kennedy and colleagues built the first intracortical brain–computer interface by implanting neurotrophic-cone electrodes into one man, Johnny Ray, a stroke victim unable to move muscles below his face. With the connection made, the electrodes can record the electrical impulses that travel across neurons when thinking occurs. Those signals are transferred to a transmitter embedded beneath the scalp. Amplified 1,000 times, the signals go to a computer, which translates them into cursor movement, allowing him the ability to communicate simply by thinking. Other research has seen success with sensory data, including
Systole Systole of the heart is initiated by electrically excitable cells situated in the sinoatrial node. These cells are activated spontaneously by depolarization of the electrical potential across their cell membranes, which causes voltage-gated calcium channels on the cell membrane to open and allow calcium ions to pass through into the sarcoplasm (cytoplasm) of cardiac muscle cells. Calcium ions bind to molecular receptors on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (see graphic), which causes a flux (flow) of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm. Calcium ions bind to troponin C, causing a conformational (i.e., structural) change in the troponin-tropomyosin protein complex, causing the myosin head