Cyprus known as Laiki Bank), into a "bad" bank which would be wound down over time and a "good" bank which would be absorbed by the Bank of Cyprus. In return for a €10 billion bailout from the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund, often referred to as the "troika", the Cypriot government was required to impose a significant haircut on uninsured deposits, a large proportion of which were held by wealthy Russians who used Cyprus as a tax haven. Insured deposits of €100,000 or less were not affected. According to the 2017 International Monetary Fund
Affordability of housing in the United Kingdom the "utilisation of additional land". Department for communities and local government has shared the land value estimates for residential land, agricultural land and industrial land here. The principal taxes imposed by central government are Stamp Duty and Value Added Tax (VAT). Other costs which are associated with the buying and selling of property are estate agent fees, conveyancing and survey fees, mortgage arrangement fees (where applicable), and removal costs. Stamp Duty Land Tax is payable by the buyer of a property as a percentage of the purchase price. From December 2014, Stamp Duty was changed to a graduated system which