Bardiche invented by King Jan III Sobieski). Another use of the bardiche was for execution. Bardiche A bardiche , berdiche, bardische, bardeche,("long pollaxe") or berdish is a type of axe/pole weapon known in the 14th through 17th centuries in Europe. Ultimately a descendant of the medieval sparth (Danish axe), the bardiche proper appears around 1400, but there are numerous medieval manuscripts that depict very similar weapons beginning . The bardiche differs from the halberd in having neither a hook at the back nor a spear point at the top. Use of bardiches started in early 14th century Austria and in Scandinavia
Types of Karma (Jainism) Types of Karma (Jainism) According to Jain karma theory, there are eight main types of karma ("Prikriti") which are categorized into the ‘harming’ and the ‘non-harming’; each divided into four types. The harming karmas ("ghātiyā karmas") directly affect the soul powers by impeding its perception, knowledge and energy, and also brings about delusion. These harming karmas are: "darśanāvaraṇa" (perception obscuring karma), "Jnanavarniya" (knowledge obscuring karma), "antarāya" (obstacles creating karma) and "mohanīya" (deluding karma). The non-harming category ("aghātiyā karmas") is responsible for the reborn soul's physical and mental circumstances (nāma), longevity (āyuś), spiritual potential (gotra) and experience of pleasant and unpleasant