Wood preservation preservation reaching back to ancient Greece during Alexander the Great's rule, where bridge wood was soaked in olive oil. The Romans protected their ship hulls by brushing the wood with tar. During the Industrial Revolution wood preservation became a cornerstone of the wood processing industry. Inventors and scientists such as Bethell, Boucherie, Burnett and Kyan made historic developments in wood preservation, with the preservative solutions and processes. Commercial pressure treatment began in the latter half of the 19th century with the protection of railroad cross-ties using creosote. Treated wood was used primarily for industrial, agricultural, and utility applications, where it
English words of Greek origin πρεσβύτερος ("presbýteros" 'elder'), and "church" < Old English "cirice", "circe" < probably κυριακή [οἰκία] ("kȳriakḗ [oikía]" 'lord's [house]'). In some cases, the orthography of these words was later changed to reflect the Greek – and Latin – spelling: "e.g.", "quire" was respelled as "choir" in the 17th century. Sometimes this was done incorrectly: "ache" is from a Germanic root; the spelling "ache" reflects Samuel Johnson's incorrect etymology from Greek ἄχος. Many more words were borrowed by scholars writing in Medieval and Renaissance Latin. Some words were borrowed in essentially their original meaning, often transmitted through classical Latin: "topic", "type", "physics",