Betula glandulosa to tall, often forming dense thickets. The trunks are slender, rarely over diameter, with smooth, dark brown bark. The leaves are nearly circular to oval, long and broad, with a toothed margin. The fruiting catkins are erect, long and broad. It is closely related to the dwarf birch ("Betula nana"), and is sometimes treated as a subspecies of it, as "B. nana" subsp. "glandulosa". It is distinguished from typical "B. nana" by the presence of glandular warts on the shoots and longer leaf petioles. Hybrids with several other birches occur. Betula glandulosa Betula glandulosa, the American dwarf birch, also known
Cedar bark textile Cedar bark textile Cedar bark textile was used by indigenous people in the Pacific Northwest region of modern-day Canada and the United States. Historically, most items of clothing were made of this material. The name is confusing, as it is made from "Thuja" (redcedar) and cypress bark, not cedar bark; true cedars are not native to the Americas. After the western redcedar or yellow cypress (often called "yellow cedar") bark was peeled in long strips from the trees, the outer layer was split away, and the flexible inner layer was shredded and processed. The resulting felted strips of bark were