Neo-völkisch movements forms and esoteric themes, so that neo-"völkisch" currents often have the character of new religious movements. Included under the neo-"völkisch" umbrella are movements ranging from conservative revolutionary schools of thought ("Nouvelle Droite", European New Right, Evolian Traditionalism) to white supremacist and white separatist interpretations of Christianity, pantheism and paganism (Christian Identity, Creativity Movement, Cosmotheism, Nordic racial paganism) to Neo-Nazi subcultures (Esoteric Hitlerism, Nazi Satanism, National Socialist black metal). According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, only pagan-type groups are recognized as "Neo-Volkisch", excluding Christian Identity. Among the terms used are Nazi Satanism and Fascist Satanism. Sometimes these groups self-identify as
Neo-völkisch movements Neo-völkisch movements Neo-völkisch movements, as defined by the historian Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, cover a wide variety of mutually influencing groups of a radically ethnocentric character which have emerged, especially in the English-speaking world, since World War II. These loose networks revive or imitate the "völkisch" movement of 19th- and early 20th-century Germany in their defensive affirmation of white identity against modernity, liberalism, immigration, multiracialism, and multiculturalism. Some identify as neo-fascist, alt-right, neo-Nazi, or Third Positionist; others are politicised around some form of white ethnic nationalism or identity politics, and may show right-wing anarchist tendencies. Especially notable is the prevalence of devotional