Scoliosis uses the 45 to 50° threshold as a result of the well-documented, plus or minus 5° measurement error that can occur while measuring Cobb angles. Surgeons who are specialized in spine surgery perform surgery for scoliosis. To completely straighten a scoliotic spine is usually impossible, but for the most part, significant corrections are achieved. The two main types of surgery are: One or both of these surgical procedures may be needed. The surgery may be done in one or two stages and, on average, takes four to eight hours. A 50-year follow-up study published in the "Journal of the American
Sound Affects Sound Affects Sound Affects is the fifth studio album by British rock band the Jam. The cover art is a pastiche of the artwork used on various "Sound Effects" records produced by the BBC during the 1970s. It is their only album co-produced by the band, and contains the only album track co-written by the entire band, "Music for the Last Couple". The album was released on 28 November 1980. Paul Weller is known to have opined "Sound Affects" as the best album The Jam released throughout their career; freely admitting the Beatles' "Revolver" had been a major influence upon