Ecclesiastical ring the new pope. The pope's ring is not to be confused with the papal seal, which is what the pope uses to seal documents. The Fisherman's Ring is no longer used to seal anything. Except Pope Benedict XVI, who chose to wear his at all times, the ring had not been seen being publicly worn by a pope since the papacy of Pope Pius XII, who refrained from wearing it once his election ceremonies had been concluded. A collection of rings belonging to the popes of the past is exhibited in a glass case in a room within the papal
Near-ring Near-ring In mathematics, a near-ring (also near ring or nearring) is an algebraic structure similar to a ring but satisfying fewer axioms. Near-rings arise naturally from functions on groups. A set "N" together with two binary operations + (called "addition") and ⋅ (called "multiplication") is called a (right) "near-ring" if: Similarly, it is possible to define a "left near-ring" by replacing the right distributive law A3 by the corresponding left distributive law. Both right and left near-rings occur in the literature; for instance, the book of Pilz uses right near-rings, while the book of Clay uses left near-rings. An immediate