Anti-transglutaminase antibodies antigen, presented by MHC molecules (HLA in humans) on antigen-reactive B-cells. These T-helper cells then stimulate B-cells to multiply and mature into plasma cells that make IgA and IgG to that protein. In the case of celiac disease, the current understanding is that tTG autoimmunity arises when T-cells are generated against wheat gliadin and similar gluten proteins made by a class of grasses called "Triticeae", which includes wheat (See Wheat taxonomy), barley, and rye. The T-cells are defined by the ability to react to HLA-DQ8 and DQ2.5 restricted antigens and gliadin is one of the antigens. Gliadin is a favored
Wheat gluten (food) imported to the West in 1969 by the American company Erewhon. Wheat gluten is also called seitan (, ; Japanese: セイタン), mianjin (Chinese: 麵筋), milgogi(Korean: 밀고기), wheat meat, gluten meat, or simply gluten. Wheat gluten, called "miàn jīn" in Chinese (traditional: , simplified: , literally "dough tendon"; also spelled "mien chin" or "mien ching") is believed to have originated in ancient China, as a meat substitute for adherents of Buddhism, particularly some Mahayana Buddhist monks, who are strict vegetarians (see Buddhist cuisine). One story attributes the invention of imitation meat to chefs who made it for Chinese emperors who, traditionally,