Security hacker that members of the computer underground should be called crackers. Yet, those people see themselves as hackers and even try to include the views of Raymond in what they see as a wider hacker culture, a view that Raymond has harshly rejected. Instead of a hacker/cracker dichotomy, they emphasize a spectrum of different categories, such as white hat, grey hat, black hat and script kiddie. In contrast to Raymond, they usually reserve the term "cracker" for more malicious activity. According to Ralph D. Clifford, a "cracker" or "cracking" is to "gain unauthorized access to a computer in order to commit
Hiking apparel Hiking apparel Hiking apparel is clothing, footwear, headwear, and other items worn that are suitable for hiking, including trousers, sweaters, underwear, and hiking boots. Hiking apparel is usually selected to suit predicted weather conditions, taking into account UPF rating (Ultraviolet Protection Factor), weight, water and wind resistance. Today's hiking apparel is more advanced than previous years, having material that can be wind resistant, water-repellent and yet breathable, and lightweight. Some hiking apparel is designed to be "breathable", drawing moisture away from the body while protecting from the weather. Usually three layers of apparel are worn on a rough-weather hike, the