Matrotrophy associated with vertebrates and especially mammals, matrotrophy is found in 21 of 34 animal phyla, and is fairly common in 11 of those. It has arisen independently in more than 150 clades within Chordata and in more than 140 clades amongst invertebrates. Matrotrophy Matrotrophy is a form of maternal care during embryo development. Some flowering plants supplied the developing embryos for the first stages. The ovule has no stocks and the nutrients are provided by the "mother". In plants, matrotrophy is considered a critical evolutionary development preceding the origin of embryophytes and therefore essential to the evolution of land plants.
Bacterial phyla WYO, ZB3, and Zixibacteria). Despite the unclear branching order for most bacterial phyla, several groups of phyla have clear clustering and are referred to as superphyla. The FCB group (now called Sphingobacteria) includes Bacteroidetes, the unplaced genus "Caldithrix", Chlorobi, candidate phylum Cloacimonetes, Fibrobacteres, Gemmatimonadates, candidate phylum Ignavibacteriae, candidate phylum Latescibacteria, candidate phylum Marinimicrobia, and candidate phylum Zixibacteria. The PVC group (now called Planctobacteria) includes Chlamydiae, Lentisphaerae, candidate phylum Omnitrophica, Planctomycetes, candidate phylum Poribacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The proposed superphylum, Patescibacteria, includes candidate phyla Gracilibacteria, Microgenomates, Parcubacteria, and Saccharibacteria and possibly Dependentiae. These same candidate phyla, along with candidate phyla Berkelbacteria, CPR2,