Membrane potential function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of "molecular devices" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change,
Pinky and the Brain Labs research facility. Brain is self-centered and scheming, Pinky is good-natured but feebleminded. In each episode, Brain devises a new plan to take over the world which ultimately ends in failure: usually due to Pinky's idiocy, the impossibility of Brain's plan, Brain's own arrogance, or just circumstances beyond their control. In common with many other "Animaniacs" shorts, many episodes are in some way a parody of something else, usually a film or novel. Many of the "Pinky and the Brain" episodes occur in the 1990s at Acme Labs, located in some large American city underneath a suspension bridge. Several episodes