Swanson's law Swanson's law Swanson's law is the observation that the price of solar photovoltaic modules tends to drop 20 percent for every doubling of cumulative shipped volume. At present rates, costs halve about every 10 years. It is named after Richard Swanson, the founder of SunPower Corporation, a solar panel manufacturer. Swanson's law has been compared to Moore's law, which predicts the growing computing power of processors. Crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell prices have fallen from $76.67 per watt in 1977 to $0.36 per watt in 2014. Plotting the module price (in $/Wp) versus time shows a dropping by 10% per year.
SmithKline Corp. v. Eli Lilly & Co. Kefzol and SK's Ancef—identical to one another—were cheaper, partial substitutes for patented Keflin, which had a higher sales price and generated more profit but was cheaper to manufacture than the other two. Keflin accounted for most of Lilly's cephalosporin sales. Kefzol/Ancef, however, was cutting into Keflin sales as hospitals partially substituted cheaper, and in some ways better, Kefzol/Ancef for Keflin. Nalebuff explains: The bundling program "was effective at keeping SmithKline out of the market while also preserving Keflin's monopoly," because: SmithKline Corp. v. Eli Lilly & Co. SmithKline Corp. v. Eli Lilly and Co., 575 F.2d 1056 (3d Cir. 1978),