Viking halberd "spear". The "kesja" was another halberd-type weapon. The name is thought to come from Celtic-Latin "gæsum". The Cleasby and Vigfússon dictionary notes that ""kesja", "atgeir" and "höggspjót" appear to be the same thing". It's interesting to note that "Egils saga" shows the "kesja" being thrown like a javelin or spear, and describes it in detail, calling it also a "mail-piercer" ("brynþvarar"): The "kesja" would thus have a blade around 90 cm in length with a diamond cross-section at the end, and an additional spike attached to the socket, whose placement and purpose is not explained. The length of the weapons'
Types of Karma (Jainism) Types of Karma (Jainism) According to Jain karma theory, there are eight main types of karma ("Prikriti") which are categorized into the ‘harming’ and the ‘non-harming’; each divided into four types. The harming karmas ("ghātiyā karmas") directly affect the soul powers by impeding its perception, knowledge and energy, and also brings about delusion. These harming karmas are: "darśanāvaraṇa" (perception obscuring karma), "Jnanavarniya" (knowledge obscuring karma), "antarāya" (obstacles creating karma) and "mohanīya" (deluding karma). The non-harming category ("aghātiyā karmas") is responsible for the reborn soul's physical and mental circumstances (nāma), longevity (āyuś), spiritual potential (gotra) and experience of pleasant and unpleasant