Human brain as nuclei involved in the regulation of many essential processes including breathing, control of eye movements and balance. The reticular formation, a network of nuclei of ill-defined formation, is present within and along the length of the brainstem. Many nerve tracts, which transmit information to and from the cerebral cortex to the rest of the body, pass through the brainstem. The human brain is primarily composed of neurons, glial cells, neural stem cells, and blood vessels. Types of neuron include interneurons, pyramidal cells including Betz cells, motor neurons (upper and lower motor neurons), and cerebellar Purkinje cells. Betz cells are
Guidepost cells of pioneer axons to the septum towards the contralateral hemisphere. The "glial sling" is a second set, located at the corticoseptal boundary, which provide cellular substrates for callosal axon migration across the dorsal midline. The "glial wedge" is made up of radial fibers, secreting repellent cues to prevent axons from entering the septum and positioning them towards the corpus callosum. The last set of glial cells, located in the induseum griseum, control the positioning of pioneer cingulate neurons in the corpus callosum region. Guidepost cells Guidepost cells are cells which assist in the subcellular organization of both neural axon growth