Cardiac contractility modulation for heart failure, such as pacemaker therapy or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), Cardiac contractility modulation does not affect the cardiac rhythm directly. Rather, the aim is to enhance the heart’s natural contraction (the native cardiac contractility) sustainably over long periods of time. Furthermore, unlike most interventions that increase cardiac contractility, the Cardiac contractility modulation is not associated with an unfavorable increase in oxygen demand by the heart (measured in terms of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption or MVO). This may be explained by the beneficial effect the therapy has in improving cardiac efficiency. A meta-analysis in 2014 and an overview of device-based
Cardiac cycle Cardiac cycle The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole (die-ASS-toe-lee), followed by a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood, dubbed systole (SIS-toe-lee). After emptying, the heart immediately relaxes and expands to receive another influx of blood "returning from" the lungs and other systems of the body, before again contracting to "pump blood to" the lungs and those systems. A normally performing heart must be fully