Tariff of 1883 tariff without having to involve himself in a congressional battle over the issue. The law exempts fruit but not vegetables, causing tomato importers to file sue claiming that tomatoes are a fruit, resulting in the unanimous U.S. Supreme Court decision in "Nix v. Hedden" (May 10, 1893) that tomatoes are to be considered a vegetable for purposes of this tariff. Tariff of 1883 In United States tax law history, the Tariff of 1883 (signed into law on March 3, 1883), also known as the Mongrel Tariff Act by its critics, reduced high tariff rates only marginally, and left in place
Baxter v Commissioners of Taxation (NSW) High Court held in "D'Emden v Pedder" that the salary receipts of federal government employees were not subject to state stamp duty. "Wollaston's case" was cited in argument, as that the applicability of the principle in "McCulloch v Maryland", to the Constitution was negatived by the decision of the Privy Council in "The Bank of Toronto v Lambe". In response Griffith CJ stated "The decision in the case of "The Bank of Toronto v Lambe" merely amounts to this-that under sec. 92 [of the Constitution of Canada] the Provinces have the power of direct taxation". The judgement of the Court,