Liquid metal imbalance of the surface tension induces a pressure difference between the rear and the head, which produces a thrust to drive the droplet toward the head; at the same time, the hydrogen produced in the electrochemical reaction process also further raises the thrust. The discovery of this phenomenon laid the technical foundation for the development of intelligent motors, vascular robots, fluid pumping systems, flexible actuators and even more complex liquid metal robots. Liquid metal Liquid metal consists of alloys with very low melting points which form a eutectic that is liquid at room temperature. The standard metal used to be
Liquid-liquid critical point a higher percentage of HDL exists while below the critical pressure a higher percentage of LDL is present. The ratio "r" = LDL/(LDL + HDL) of phase amounts is determined according to the thermodynamic equilibrium of the system, which is often governed by external variables such as pressure and temperature. A discontinuity is present in "r" when crossing the liquid-liquid phase transition, which separates the LDL-rich phase from the LDL-poor phase. At any point of the liquid-liquid phase transition, including the associated liquid-liquid critical point, the ratio of LDL to HDL is exactly one ("r" = ½). The liquid-liquid critical