Oryza rufipogon Oryza rufipogon Oryza rufipogon, known as brownbeard rice, wild rice, and red rice, is a member of the genus "Oryza". It is native to East, South and Southeast Asia. It has a close evolutionary relation to "Oryza sativa", the plant grown as a major rice food crop throughout the world. "Oryza rufipogon" is an invasive species and listed as a 'noxious weed' by the United States, and also listed as a noxious weed in Alabama, California, Florida, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, and Vermont. According to the North American Plant Protection Association, "O. rufipogon" blends in with cultivated
Mythimna separata light dorsal stripe, with black-brown lateral stripe along spiracle line. spiracles brown with black rim. Pupae are yellowish brown and shiny. The moth flies from January to April depending on the location. The larvae feed on a range of agricultural plants like "Zea mays", "Sorghum bicolor" and "Oryza sativa" and are thus considered a pest. Caterpillars do not feed on "Momordica charantia" due to the presence of the triterpenoid glucoside called momordicine II, which is a natural inhibitor of caterpillar actions. China experiences periodic outbreaks of northern armyworm infestation. The outbreak in 2012 was particularly severe. Larva can be hand