Oryza sativa Mountains of northern Luzon, Philippines. Glaszmann (1987) used isozymes to sort "O. sativa" into six groups: "japonica", "aromatic", "indica", "aus", "rayada", and "ashina". Garris "et al." (2004) used simple sequence repeats to sort "O. sativa" into five groups: "temperate japonica", "tropical japonica" and "aromatic" comprise the "japonica" varieties, while "indica" and "aus" comprise the "indica" varieties. Rice has been cultivated since ancient times and "oryza" is a classical Latin word for rice. "Sativa" means "cultivated". Debates on the origins of the domesticated rice are numerous. In 2011, genetic evidence showed that all forms of Asian rice, both "indica" and "japonica",
12-oxophytodienoate reductase 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPRs) is an enzyme of the family of Old Yellow Enzymes (OYE). OPRs are grouped into two groups: OPRI and OPRII – the second group is the focus of this article, as the function of the first group is unknown, but is the subject of current research. The OPR enzyme utilizes the cofactor flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and catalyzes the following reaction in the jasmonic acid synthesis pathway: This reaction occurs in peroxisomes in plants. Several isozymes have been discovered, with varying substrate stereospecificity: three in "Lycopersicon esculentum", 13 in "Oryza sativa", and five in "Arabidopsis thaliana".