Optimal tax the optimum. Stipulating this condition results in the following formula for the optimal top tax rate, if incomes are Pareto distributed: formula_1 where: Empirical estimation of the parameters of this equation suggests that the revenue-maximising top tax rate is between approximately 50% and 80%, although this estimate neglects long-run behavioural responses, which would imply higher elasticities and a lower optimal tax rate. Saez's analysis can also be generalised to tax rates other than the top rate. In the late 1970s, Arthur Laffer developed the Laffer curve, which demonstrates that there are two effects of changing tax rates: an arithmetic effect—if
Notional Notional Notional (born February 1, 2004 in California) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse. He was sired by In Excess and out of the mare Truly Blessed. His damsire, French Deputy, is a son of the 1997/98 Leading sire in North America, Deputy Minister. Notional is trained by Doug O'Neill for owner J. Paul Reddam, who also have three-year-olds Great Hunter and Liquidity in their stable. Racing at age two, Notional's best showing in a stakes race was a third in the 2006 Hollywood Prevue Stakes. In his three-year-old debut, Notional won January's Grade II San Rafael Stakes at Santa Anita