Edward L. Hedden Nix wished to exempt his tomato imports from a vegetable tariff included in the Tariff of 1883, as tomatoes are botanically considered fruit. In 1893, the Supreme Court ruled against Nix, stating that tomatoes were generally considered vegetables and thus should be taxed as such. Edward L. Hedden Edward Long Hedden (December 24, 1828 – February 6, 1893) was Collector of the Port of New York from 1885 to 1886. Hedden was born in 1828, in New York City, New York, to Josiah Hedden (who had studied law under Alexander Hamilton) and Elizabeth June Hedden. In 1855, he married Elizabeth
International Fruit and Vegetable Juice Association International Fruit and Vegetable Juice Association The International Fruit and Vegetable Juice Association (IFU) represents the worldwide juice sector interests as the registered non-governmental organization (NGO) at Codex Alimentarius. It also represents the sector with World Health Organization (WHO), World Trade Organization (WTO), World Customs Organization (WCO) and any other relevant governmental or intergovernmental organisation. The IFU was founded in 1949 as the International Federation of Fruit Juice Producers named International Fruit Juice Union. The name of the organisation was changed in 2015 in International Fruit an Vegetable Juice Association to reflect the diversity of the membership base. Today it