Nineteen Eighty-Four essay "Notes on Nationalism" about the lack of vocabulary needed to explain the unrecognised phenomena behind certain political forces. In "Nineteen Eighty-Four", the Party's artificial, minimalist language 'Newspeak' addresses the matter. O'Brien concludes: "The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power." In the book, Inner Party member O'Brien describes the Party's vision of the future: A major theme of "Nineteen Eighty-Four" is censorship, especially in the Ministry of Truth, where photographs are modified and public archives rewritten to rid them of "unpersons" (persons who are erased from history by the
Nineteen Eighty-Four the world up into zones of influence, which had been conjured by the Tehran Conference. Three years later, he wrote most of it on the Scottish island of Jura from 1947 to 1948 despite being seriously ill with tuberculosis. On 4 December 1948, he sent the final manuscript to the publisher Secker and Warburg, and "Nineteen Eighty-Four" was published on 8 June 1949. By 1989, it had been translated into 65 languages, more than any other novel in English until then. The title of the novel, its themes, the "Newspeak" language and the author's surname are often invoked against control