Tomato avocados, and squashes of all kinds (such as zucchini and pumpkins) are all botanically fruit, yet cooked as vegetables. This has led to legal dispute in the United States. In 1887, U.S. tariff laws that imposed a duty on vegetables, but not on fruit, caused the tomato's status to become a matter of legal importance. The U.S. Supreme Court settled this controversy on May 10, 1893, by declaring that the tomato is a vegetable, based on the popular definition that classifies vegetables by use—they are generally served with dinner and not dessert ("Nix v. Hedden" (149 U.S. 304)). The holding
International Fruit and Vegetable Juice Association The Science and Technology Commission, chaired by Prof. Dr. Helmut Dietrich of Hochschule Geisenheim University, facilitates discussion and the exchange of information between IFU members on scientific and technical issues relating to the global juice based beverage industry and to provide counsel to the IFU organisation on scientific and technical matters. International Fruit and Vegetable Juice Association The International Fruit and Vegetable Juice Association (IFU) represents the worldwide juice sector interests as the registered non-governmental organization (NGO) at Codex Alimentarius. It also represents the sector with World Health Organization (WHO), World Trade Organization (WTO), World Customs Organization (WCO) and any