Graphene Graphene Graphene is an allotrope (form) of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. It is a semimetal with small overlap between the valence and the conduction bands (zero bandgap material).<ref name="10.1002/adma.201502544 p.6519-6525"></ref> It is the basic structural element of many other allotropes of carbon, such as graphite, diamond, charcoal, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. Graphene has many uncommon properties. It is the strongest material ever tested, conducts heat and electricity efficiently, and is nearly transparent. Graphene shows a large and nonlinear diamagnetism, greater than that of graphite, and can be levitated by neodymium
Turkish economic boom of the 2000s an economic boom throughout the 2000s. Along with having one of the highest growth rates in the world in the 2000s, Turkey also saw a decrease in unemployment rates, an increase in education rates, and higher life expectancies across the country. Overall, Turkey saw great economic growth throughout the 2000s and this was due to a number of different reasons. In the Spring of 2001, the Turkish government launched a number of macroeconomic policies under the new economic program. These new medium-term policies led to recovery within the country, and ultimately a rise of real GDP beginning in the second