Nix v. Hedden one of the first companies to ship produce from Virginia, Florida, and Bermuda to New York. In 1883, President Chester A. Arthur signed the Tariff Act of March 3, 1883, requiring a tax to be paid on imported vegetables, but not fruit. The John Nix & Co. company filed a suit against Edward L. Hedden, Collector of the Port of New York, to recover back duties paid under protest. They argued against the tariff by pointing out that, botanically, a tomato is a fruit due to its seed-bearing structure growing from the flowering part of a plant. At the trial,
A priori and a posteriori negation is not self-contradictory (thus, it is said that it is "not" true in every possible world). As Jason Baehr states, it seems plausible that all necessary propositions are known "a priori", because "[s]ense experience can tell us only about the actual world and hence about what is the case; it can say nothing about what must or must not be the case." Following Kant, some philosophers have considered the relationship between aprioricity, analyticity, and necessity to be extremely close. According to Jerry Fodor, "Positivism, in particular, took it for granted that "a priori" truths must be necessary..." However, since