Head direction cells efference copy") preparing the network for an impending head turn. HD cells continue to fire in an organized manner during sleep, as if animals were awake. However, instead of always pointing toward the same direction—the animals are asleep and thus immobile—the neuronal "compass needle" moves constantly. In particular, during rapid eye movement sleep, a brain state rich in dreaming activity in humans and whose electrical activity is virtually indistinguishable from the waking brain, this directional signal moves as if the animal is awake: that is, HD neurons are sequentially activated, and the individual neurons representing a common direction during wake
Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature Profiling Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature Profiling Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature Profiling (BEOSP or BEOS) is a technique by which a suspect's participation in a crime is detected by eliciting electrophysiological impulses. It is a non-invasive, scientific technique with a great degree of sensitivity and a neuro-psychological method of interrogation which is sometimes also referred to as ‘brain fingerprinting’. The methodology was developed by Champadi Raman Mukundan (C. R. Mukundan), a Neuroscientist, former Professor & Head of Clinical Psychology at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (Bangalore, India), while he worked as a Research Consultant to TIFAC-DFS Project on ‘Normative