Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs on local water resources and biology. Pugwash does not have formal membership. All participants take part in their individual capacities and not as representatives of any organization, institution or government. Anyone who has attended a meeting is considered a "Pugwashite". There are more than 3,500 "Pugwashites" worldwide. As the birthplace of the Pugwash movement, the Thinkers' Lodge was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 2008. The Jubilee 62nd Pugwash Conference devoted to nuclear disarmament will be held in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, in 2017. The conference will celebrate the 60th anniversary of the first Pugwash Conference, held
Virginia Gamba (UN official) in the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA). She later served Head of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons-United Nations joint investigative Mechanism. Gamba shared the Nobel Peace Prize as formal member of the executive board of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (1995) with Joseph Rotblat. She served on the Pugwash board from 1985-1996. Virginia Gamba (UN official) Virginia Gamba is the United Nations Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict. She was appointed 12 April 2017 by United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres, to replace Leila Zerrougui. Gamba was educated in Bolivia, Peru, Switzerland,