Looming Looming Looming is a term found in the study of perception, as it relates directly to psychology. Looming refers to the rapid expansion in the size of any given image. As the image becomes increasingly large on the perceiver's retina, i.e., when an object "looms", there is an automatic physiological response to perceive the object as an approaching object or surface, instead of one that is stationary or receding. Evidence indicates that looming perception is not limited to the visual modality, but can occur due to auditory or even tactile stimuli. There is a different type of mirage that is
Distance measures (cosmology) have angular size formula_27 has the angular diameter distance of formula_33. This is commonly used to observe so called standard rulers, for example in the context of baryon acoustic oscillations. If the intrinsic luminosity formula_34 of a distant object is known, we can calculate its luminosity distance by measuring the flux formula_35 and determine formula_36, which turns out to be equivalent to the expression above for formula_37. This quantity is important for measurements of standard candles like type Ia supernovae, which were first used to discover the acceleration of the expansion of the universe. This distance is the time (in