NR-1 Sinkhole NR-1 Sinkhole The NR-1 Sinkhole is a giant underwater sinkhole located in the Straits of Florida southwest of Key West, Florida. It is found at an approximate depth of of water at the foot of the Pourtales Escarpment, an area of Quaternary sediment. It was discovered in October 1994 during a survey conducted by the American submarine NR-1, a U.S. Navy nuclear research submarine, and is named for the submarine. It was first identified via side-scan sonar and near-bottom echo sounder data, prompting a second survey in May 1995 to confirm the finding. Discovery of the NR-1 Sinkhole prompted scientific
Ground freezing ambient temperatures fall below ground temperatures, the liquid vapor starts condensing in the radiator, reducing the pressure in the system causing the liquid in the evaporator to boil and evaporate. This process results in heat transfer from the ground to the air and keeps the ground in a permanent frozen state. Ground freezing Ground freezing is a construction technique used in circumstances where soil needs to be stabilized so it will not collapse next to excavations, or to prevent contaminants spilled into soil from being leached away. Ground freezing has been used for at least one hundred years. Pipes are