Security hacker that members of the computer underground should be called crackers. Yet, those people see themselves as hackers and even try to include the views of Raymond in what they see as a wider hacker culture, a view that Raymond has harshly rejected. Instead of a hacker/cracker dichotomy, they emphasize a spectrum of different categories, such as white hat, grey hat, black hat and script kiddie. In contrast to Raymond, they usually reserve the term "cracker" for more malicious activity. According to Ralph D. Clifford, a "cracker" or "cracking" is to "gain unauthorized access to a computer in order to commit
Black and white (police vehicle) painted white. However, motorcycles are usually all white and riot control and rescue vehicles are painted a steel blue. All Traffic Police cars of the Ministry of Transport throughout the 1970s and 1980s were black with white doors and roof. This distinguished them from the all white cars of the New Zealand Police. The Traffic enforcement functions of the MOT were merged into the New Zealand Police in 1992. Today NZ Police vehicles are single colour, usually white, often with Battenberg markings. Until the middle 1990s, the vehicles of the Lisbon Municipal Police were painted with the same pattern of