Laffer curve estimated and such estimates are controversial. "The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics" reports that estimates of revenue-maximizing tax rates have varied widely, with a mid-range of around 70%. There is a consensus among leading economists that a reduction in the US federal income tax rate would not raise annual total tax revenue. The Laffer curve was popularized in the United States with policymakers following an afternoon meeting with Ford Administration officials Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld in 1974, in which Arthur Laffer reportedly sketched the curve on a napkin to illustrate his argument. The term "Laffer curve" was coined by
Notional Defined Contributions pension system the pension is based on history of lifetime earnings and is much more heavily influenced by misreporting of one’s income. In Poland NDC pension scheme was introduced in 1996. The country faced serious fiscal challenges with rate of contribution into the pension system having reached 45% of gross wage. The system was implemented in 1999 after long political discussion about its various aspects and was meant as means of both reducing the future pension debt and motivating workers to prolong their careers. Notional Defined Contributions The term Notional Defined Contributions or Non-financial Defined Contributions or NDC refers to