Spice spices. Spices were among the most demanded and expensive products available in Europe in the Middle Ages, the most common being black pepper, cinnamon (and the cheaper alternative cassia), cumin, nutmeg, ginger and cloves. Given medieval medicine's main theory of humorism, spices and herbs were indispensable to balance "humors" in food, a daily basis for good health at a time of recurrent pandemics. In addition to being desired by those using medieval medicine, the European elite also craved spices in the Middle Ages. An example of the European aristocracy's demand for spice comes from the King of Aragon, who invested
Spheterista cassia retreat in a slight cocoon. It is about 5 mm long and greenish. Spheterista cassia Spheterista cassia is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described by Otto Swezey in 1912. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu. The larvae feed on "Cassia gaudichaudii". They feed singly, eating the lower epidermis and parenchyma, leaving the upper epidermis. They fold together the leaflet with a web to create a hiding place, often along the midrib. Sometimes a portion of the margin of the blade is folded over, or contiguous leaflets are fastened together. Full-grown larvae are about