Murray Gell-Mann quarks for Muster Mark!" book 2, episode 4). Zweig had referred to the particles as "aces", but Gell-Mann's name caught on. Quarks, antiquarks, and gluons were soon established as the underlying elementary objects in the study of the structure of hadrons. He was awarded a Nobel Prize in physics in 1969 for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions. In 1972 he and Harald Fritzsch introduced the conserved quantum number "color charge", and later, together with Heinrich Leutwyler, they coined the term quantum chromodynamics (QCD) as the gauge theory of the strong interaction. The
3 Quarks Daily had reached thirty-five thousand. Since then, "3 Quarks Daily" has culled content from hundreds of sources, from blogs such as Salon, Science Daily, and The Huffington Post, from major publications such as "The New York Times", "Nature", and "The Guardian", to smaller outlets such as "Guernica Magazine", "The Awl", and "The American Scholar". The name "3 Quarks Daily" comes from the elementary nuclear particles of physics which in turn were named after the word "quark" which James Joyce had used in Finnegans Wake. The confluence of references to both science and literature in a single word suited the intent of