Ambulacraria Ambulacraria Ambulacraria or Coelomopora is a Superphylum of invertebrate phyla which includes echinoderms and hemichordates; a member of this group is called an ambulacrarian. Phylogenetic analysis suggest the echinoderms and hemichordates separated around 533 million years ago. The Ambulacraria are part of the deuterostomes, a larger clade that also includes the Chordata, Vetulicolia and Saccorhytus. The two living clades with representative organisms are: The group Xenoturbellida (two species of worm-like animals) has previously been considered to be in this clade, but is now considered to be placed more basally among Metazoans. Fossil taxa that may lie on the stem lineage:
Venom Other insects, such as true bugs and many ants, also produce venom. At least one ant species ("Polyrhachis dives") has been shown to use venom topically for the sterilisation of pathogens. There are venomous invertebrates in several phyla, including jellyfish such as the dangerous box jellyfish and sea anemones among the Cnidaria, sea urchins among the Echinodermata, and cone snails and cephalopods including octopuses among the Molluscs. Venom is found in some 200 cartilaginous fishes, including stingrays, sharks, and chimaeras; the catfishes (about 1000 venomous species); and 11 clades of spiny-rayed fishes (Acanthomorpha), containing the scorpionfishes (over 300 species), stonefishes