Neo-fascism movements such as the National Alliance, and the American Nazi Party. The Institute for Historical Review publishes negationist historical papers often of an anti-semitic nature. The alt-right—which covers a broad range of groups, from authoritarian right-wing technocrats and neo-monarchists to neoreactionaries and white nationalists—is also often included under the umbrella term "neo-fascist", as many adhere to a radically authoritarian philosophy. In 1951, the New European Order (NEO) neo-fascist Europe-wide alliance was set up to promote Pan-European nationalism. It was a more radical splinter group of the European Social Movement. The NEO had its origins in the 1951 Malmö conference when
James Mason (neo-Nazi) form as "Siege: The Collected Writings of James Mason". Mason advocated leaderless resistance, calling for autonomous action by individuals rather than an authoritarian hierarchical organization. In the early 1980s, following the advice of Charles Manson – the leader of the mass-murder cult "The Family" – Mason founded the neo-Nazi "operation front" Universal Order, which grew out of the National Socialist Liberation Front. Not only did Manson suggest the name, but he also designed the logo used by the group, a swastika superimposed over the scales of justice. Mason was arrested in the spring of 1994 and charged with two counts