Jasper Jasper Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or chalcedony and other mineral phases, is an opaque, impure variety of silica, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue. The common red color is due to iron(III) inclusions. The mineral aggregate breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ornamentation or as a gemstone. It can be highly polished and is used for items such as vases, seals, and snuff boxes. The specific gravity of jasper is typically 2.5 to 2.9. A green variety with red spots, known as heliotrope (bloodstone), is one of the traditional birthstones
Aluminium alloy inclusions formed when aluminium became colder. Fluxing salt, like chlorides are also liquid inclusions. They come from flux treatments added to the melt for cleaning. Titanium boride (TiB) is intentionally added to the melt for grain refinement to improve mechanical properties. Phosphorus is added to the melt hypereutectic alloys for modification of the silicon phase for better mechanical properties. This creates AlP inclusions. Boron treatment inclusions ( (Ti, V)B ) form when boron is added to the melt to increase conductivity by precipitating vanadium and titanium. The following inclusion types can also be found in aluminium alloys: alumina needles (Al2O3), nitrides