Oryza rufipogon Oryza rufipogon Oryza rufipogon, known as brownbeard rice, wild rice, and red rice, is a member of the genus "Oryza". It is native to East, South and Southeast Asia. It has a close evolutionary relation to "Oryza sativa", the plant grown as a major rice food crop throughout the world. "Oryza rufipogon" is an invasive species and listed as a 'noxious weed' by the United States, and also listed as a noxious weed in Alabama, California, Florida, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, and Vermont. According to the North American Plant Protection Association, "O. rufipogon" blends in with cultivated
Scirpophaga nivella orange anal tuft, sometimes brownish in the female. The larvae are off white with a reddish dorsal line. Major feeding plant is sugarcane, besides "Oryza sativa", "Scirpus", "Cyperus", "Eleocharis" (including "Eleocharis dulcis") and "Calidum articulatum" are also susceptible as feeding plants of the moth. Caterpillars bore into midrib, by leaving red markings and small holes on the leaves. Then it bore in the upper portion of stem, causing "dead heart" symptoms. Gradually, side branches start growing from a lower node, giving a characteristic "bunchy top" appearance to the plant. Most effective method is using biological predators and parasitoids. It is