Supply-side economics "The Wall Street Journal", supply-side economist Arthur Laffer, and anti-tax leader Grover Norquist. By 2017, state revenues had fallen by hundreds of millions of dollars causing spending on roads, bridges, and education to be slashed, but instead of boosting economic growth, growth in Kansas remained consistently below average. A working paper by two economists at Oklahoma State University (Dan Rickman and Hongbo Wang) using historical data from several other states with economies structured similarly to Kansas found that the Kansas economy grew about 7.8% less and employment about 2.6% less than it would have had Brownback not cut taxes. In
Notional Defined Contributions pension system the pension is based on history of lifetime earnings and is much more heavily influenced by misreporting of one’s income. In Poland NDC pension scheme was introduced in 1996. The country faced serious fiscal challenges with rate of contribution into the pension system having reached 45% of gross wage. The system was implemented in 1999 after long political discussion about its various aspects and was meant as means of both reducing the future pension debt and motivating workers to prolong their careers. Notional Defined Contributions The term Notional Defined Contributions or Non-financial Defined Contributions or NDC refers to