Neo-völkisch movements forms and esoteric themes, so that neo-"völkisch" currents often have the character of new religious movements. Included under the neo-"völkisch" umbrella are movements ranging from conservative revolutionary schools of thought ("Nouvelle Droite", European New Right, Evolian Traditionalism) to white supremacist and white separatist interpretations of Christianity, pantheism and paganism (Christian Identity, Creativity Movement, Cosmotheism, Nordic racial paganism) to Neo-Nazi subcultures (Esoteric Hitlerism, Nazi Satanism, National Socialist black metal). According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, only pagan-type groups are recognized as "Neo-Volkisch", excluding Christian Identity. Among the terms used are Nazi Satanism and Fascist Satanism. Sometimes these groups self-identify as
James Mason (neo-Nazi) form as "Siege: The Collected Writings of James Mason". Mason advocated leaderless resistance, calling for autonomous action by individuals rather than an authoritarian hierarchical organization. In the early 1980s, following the advice of Charles Manson – the leader of the mass-murder cult "The Family" – Mason founded the neo-Nazi "operation front" Universal Order, which grew out of the National Socialist Liberation Front. Not only did Manson suggest the name, but he also designed the logo used by the group, a swastika superimposed over the scales of justice. Mason was arrested in the spring of 1994 and charged with two counts