Steneotarsonemus spinki the temperate climate of the United States, the area of southwest Louisiana has a sub-tropical climate with both high temperature and high humidity. Panicle rice mites thrive under both of these conditions and may cause substantial economic losses when found in association with "Burkholderia glumae" (bacterial panicle blight) and "Sarocladium oryzae" (sheath rot) pathogens. These pathogens are both present in southwest Louisiana. Panicle rice mites are pests of commercial rice ("Oryza sativa"), and completes its development on the invasive plant "Oryza latifolia". Feeding takes place behind the leaf sheath. The feeding lesion can be detected by cinnamon to chocolate-brown discoloration
12-oxophytodienoate reductase 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPRs) is an enzyme of the family of Old Yellow Enzymes (OYE). OPRs are grouped into two groups: OPRI and OPRII – the second group is the focus of this article, as the function of the first group is unknown, but is the subject of current research. The OPR enzyme utilizes the cofactor flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and catalyzes the following reaction in the jasmonic acid synthesis pathway: This reaction occurs in peroxisomes in plants. Several isozymes have been discovered, with varying substrate stereospecificity: three in "Lycopersicon esculentum", 13 in "Oryza sativa", and five in "Arabidopsis thaliana".