Boko Haram along with 16 others in exchange for a ransom of $3.15 million. As well as extortion from local residents, Boko Haram has claimed to extort money from local state governments. A spokesman of Boko Haram claimed that Kano state governor Ibrahim Shekarau and Bauchi state governor Isa Yuguda had paid them monthly. It has long been alleged that Boko Haram had a relationship with al-Qaeda. In 2011, letters from Boko Haram were reportedly found in bin Laden's compound. Three weeks after the 2009 Boko Haram uprising began, al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb expressed sympathy for Boko Haram. Speaking by phone
Herem (censure) Herem (censure) Herem (, also Romanized "chērem, ḥērem") is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to "vitandus" "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic terms "ḥarām" "forbidden, taboo, off-limits, or immoral" and haram "set apart, sanctuary", and the Ge'ez word "ʿirm" "accursed". Arguably the most famous case of a herem is that of Baruch Spinoza, the seventeenth century philosopher. Other famous subjects of a herem were early Russian communists Leon