Laffer curve would raise taxable income enough so that the annual total tax revenue would be higher within five years than without the tax cut", none of the economists surveyed agreed and 71% disagreed. One of the conceptual uses of the Laffer curve is to determine the rate of taxation that will raise the maximum revenue (in other words, "optimizing" revenue collection). The revenue maximizing tax rate should not be confused with the optimal tax rate, which economists use to describe tax rates in a tax system that raises a given amount of revenue with the least distortions to the economy. The
Notional Defined Contributions pension system the pension is based on history of lifetime earnings and is much more heavily influenced by misreporting of one’s income. In Poland NDC pension scheme was introduced in 1996. The country faced serious fiscal challenges with rate of contribution into the pension system having reached 45% of gross wage. The system was implemented in 1999 after long political discussion about its various aspects and was meant as means of both reducing the future pension debt and motivating workers to prolong their careers. Notional Defined Contributions The term Notional Defined Contributions or Non-financial Defined Contributions or NDC refers to