Chilean wine and a minimum of six years for "gran vino." Over twenty grape varieties are grown in Chile, mainly a mixture of Spanish and French varieties, but many wineries are increasing experimentation in higher numbers. For most of Chile's history, Pais was the most widely planted grape only recently getting passed by Cabernet Sauvignon. Other red wine varieties include Merlot, Carménère, Zinfandel, Petite Sirah, Cabernet franc, Pinot noir, Syrah, Sangiovese, Barbera, Malbec, and Carignan. White wine varieties include Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Sauvignon vert, Sémillon, Riesling, Viognier, Torontel, Pedro Ximénez, Gewürztraminer and Muscat of Alexandria. Chilean winemakers have been developing a distinct
Petite mutation petite negative mutants. Potentially, these yeasts have a different inheritance system in place for their mitchondrial genome than "S. cerevisiae" does. The frequency at which "S. castellii" spontaneously produces petites is similar to that of "S. cerevisiae", with the mitochondrial DNA of those petites being highly altered via deletion and rearrangement. Suppressive petites of "S. cerevisiae" are the most commonly observed spontaneously created mutants, whereas in "S. castellii," the most commonly observed spontaneous mutant is the neutral petite, further leading to speculation that the transference of this mutation differs between species. Petite mutation petite (ρ–) is a mutant first discovered