Wohlwill process Wohlwill process The Wohlwill process is an industrial-scale chemical procedure used to refine gold to the highest degree of purity (99.999%). The process was invented in 1874 by Emil Wohlwill. This electrochemical process involves using a cast gold ingot, often called a Doré bar, of 95%+ gold to serve as an anode. Lower percentages of gold in the anode will interfere with the reaction, especially when the contaminating metal is silver or one of the platinum group elements. The cathode(s) for this reaction are small sheets of pure (24k) gold sheeting or stainless steel. Current is applied to the system,
Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day is a 2014 book by Yoshihiro Francis Fukuyama, author of "The Origins of Political Order", written to shed light on political development in different regions. Fukuyama stresses the importance of the three pillars of the modern state, as described in the first volume: These ideas are exemplified throughout the first and the second part of the book via different cases. Fukuyama makes the argument that patronage behavior is rooted in the following biological roots: