Myringotomy cleaning it with an ear spoon. Surprisingly, the patient's hearing improved. There are also reports from the 17th and 18th centuries describing separate experiments exploring the function of the ear drum. In particular, the animal experiments of Thomas Willis were expanded upon by Sir Astley Cooper, who presented two papers to the Royal Society in 1801 on his observations that myringotomy could improve hearing. First, he showed that two patients with perforations of both eardrums could hear perfectly well, despite conventional wisdom that this would result in deafness. Second, he demonstrated that deafness caused by obstruction of the Eustachian tube
Joel-Cohen incision Joel-Cohen incision Joel-Cohen incision is a skin incision used for Caesarian section. It is a straight incision that is 3 cm below the line joining both anterior superior iliac spines. It is more superior to the Pfannenstiel incision, another commonly used incision in obstetric surgery. Joel-Cohen incision rely on blunt dissection more than the traditionally done Pfannenstiel incision. Joel-Cohen incision has lower rates of fever, hospital stay, post-operative pain and blood loss compared to Pfannenstiel incision. The operating time and use of analgesia are also less. Additionally, the time needed to get out of bed, walk without support and time