Albedo planet would drop to about 0 °C. In contrast, if the entire Earth was covered by water — a so-called aquaplanet — the average temperature on the planet would rise to almost 27 °C. For land surfaces, it has been shown that the albedo at a particular solar zenith angle "θ" can be approximated by the proportionate sum of two terms: the directional-hemispherical reflectance at that solar zenith angle, formula_1, and the bi-hemispherical reflectance, formula_2, with formula_3 being the proportion of direct radiation from a given solar angle, and formula_4 being the proportion of diffuse illumination. Hence, the actual albedo
To be, or not to be to make a point about "extremism in defense of liberty." P.D. James' dystopian novel "The Children of Men" (1992) refers to expected or forced mass suicides of the elderly as "Quietus". The film adaptation "Children of Men" (2006) portrays a self-administered home suicide kit, labelled "Quietus". "Star Trek"'s was named after the "Undiscovered Country" line from this soliloquy. References are made to Shakespeare during the film including Klingon translations of his works and the use of the phrase "taH pagh, taHbe' ", roughly meaning "whether to continue, or not to continue [existence]." The book (and later film) "What Dreams May