Raleigh Bicycle Company the mid-1960s, TI–Raleigh owned Brooks (one of the oldest saddle makers in the world), Sturmey-Archer (pioneer of 3-speed hubs), and Reynolds (maker of 531 tubing). Carlton, which had been unable to make inroads in the USA market after a failed rebranding deal with Huffy, found success in the late 1960s by recasting itself as "Raleigh-Carlton", a Raleigh-logo'd bike with some Carlton badging, and using the US dealer network to import and distribute bikes. The Raleigh Chopper was designed by Nottingham native Alan Oakley, though this has been disputed by Cambridge designer Tom Karen. The Chopper was patented in the UK
CCM (bicycle company) in the Town of Toronto Junction (as the town was then officially called). "Massey-Harris and Gendron Bicycles also moved some bike manufacturing to The Junction in the HA Lozier factory." Montreal, Winnipeg and Vancouver, were originally part of a diversified network of C.C.M. manufacturing processes. By 1917, C.C.M.'s bicycle manufacturing operations had moved into a larger factory on Lawrence Avenue West east of what is now called Weston Road in Weston, Ontario where manufacturing continued until 1980. From 1939-1945 during the Second World War C.C.M.'s cycle's manufacturing facilities were taken over by the Canadian government and declared an essential war