Gas-phase ion chemistry Gas-phase ion chemistry Gas phase ion chemistry is a field of science encompassed within both chemistry and physics. It is the science that studies ions and molecules in the gas phase, most often enabled by some form of mass spectrometry. By far the most important applications for this science is in studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions. For example, one application is in studying the thermodynamics of the solvation of ions. Ions with small solvation spheres of 1, 2, 3... solvent molecules can be studied in the gas phase and then extrapolated to bulk solution. Transition state theory is
Cavitation modelling on the bubbles. Discrete bubble models, e.g. the Rayleigh-Plesset, Gilmore and Keller-Miksis, describe the relation between the external pressure, bubble radius and the velocity and acceleration of the bubble wall. Two-phase modeling is the modelling of the two phases, as in a free surface code. Two common types of two phase models are "homogeneous mixture models" and "sharp interface models". The difference between both the models is in the treatment of the contents of cells containing both phases. Most recent cavitation modelling efforts have used homogeneous mixture models, in which the contents of individual cells are assumed to be uniform.