Conium maculatum disturbed ground. It is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including silver-ground carpet. The poison hemlock moth ("Agonopterix alstroemeriana") feeds on the plant during its larval stage. "A. alstroemeriana" has been widely used as a biological control agent for "C. maculatum". Poison hemlock flourishes in the spring, when most other forage is gone. All plant parts are poisonous, but once the plant is dried, the poison is greatly reduced, although not gone completely. The plant is poisonous to animals that graze on it. "Conium" contains the piperidine alkaloids coniine, N-methylconiine, conhydrine, pseudoconhydrine and gamma-coniceine
Nasturtium (genus) the Latin "nasus tortus", meaning "twisted nose", in reference to the effect on the nasal passages of eating the plants. "Nasturtium" foliage is used as food by the caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera, including "Orthonama obstipata" (The Gem). One species, "Nasturtium gambellii", is a federally listed endangered species in the United States. The genus "Nasturtium" should not be confused with the flowering garden annual commonly known as nasturtium ("Tropaeolum majus"). Though not related, the leaves of the garden nasturtium also have a peppery taste. One database names 316 species. Nasturtium (genus) Nasturtium () is a genus of seven plant species in