Flood embankment and protection status. Flood embankment A flood embankment is traditionally an earth wall used to shore up flood waters. Most flood embankments are between 1 metre and 3 metres high. A 5 metre high flood embankment is rare. Modern improvements to this design include constructing an internal central core made from impermeable substance like clay or concrete, some even use metal pilings. Some authorities call man-made structures levees. Clifton, Rawcliffe, Poppleton and Leeman ings in York River Gowan, Cumbria River Trent This is an animation showing a flood event overwhelming neighbouring properties and the added construction of a flood embankment
Overflow metabolism Overflow metabolism Overflow metabolism refers to the seemingly wasteful strategy in which cells incompletely oxidize their growth substrate (e.g. glucose) instead of using the more energetically-efficient respiratory pathway, even in the presence of oxygen. As a result of employing this metabolic strategy, cells excrete (or "overflow") metabolites like lactate, acetate and ethanol. Incomplete oxidation of growth substrates yields less energy (e.g. ATP) than complete oxidation through respiration, and yet overflow metabolism - known as the Warburg effect in the context of cancer - occurs ubiquitously among fast-growing cells, including bacteria, fungi and mammalian cells. Based on experimental studies of acetate