Transfer factor factors are contraindicated for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. When human- and bovine-derived transfer factor are generated from blood cells they carry the potential for blood-borne disease such as HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C. Colostrum is a form of milk produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including humans) in late pregnancy. Colostrum also contains multiple immune modulating molecules, including high antibody levels. Based on studies noting an overlap in the observed in vitro effects between a molecule contained in colostrum called colostrinin and the dialyzable leukocyte extract mentioned above, a hypothesis formed that the two were the same. There
Invariant of a binary form degree 12 found that in degrees up to 14 there are 109 basic invariants. There are at least 4 more in higher degrees. The number of basic covariants is at least 989. The number of generators for invariants and covariants of binary forms can be found in and , respectively. The covariants of a binary form are essentially the same as joint invariants of a binary form and a binary linear form. More generally, on can ask for the joint invariants (and covariants) of any collection of binary forms. Some cases that have been studied are listed below. There are