Pupillary response Pupillary response Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil, via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve. A constriction response (miosis), is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates/opioids or anti hypertension medications. Constriction of the pupil occurs when the circular muscle, controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS), contracts. A dilation response (mydriasis), is the widening of the pupil and may be caused by adrenaline, anticholinergic agents or drugs such as MDMA, cocaine, amphetamines and some hallucinogenics. Dilation of the pupil occurs when the
Net-widening effect those institutions did not exist. Or diversion programs may simply cause an overall increase in the numbers of young people having contact (formal or informal) with the criminal justice system, even if they do not end up in prison. Net-widening effect A net-widening effect is when administrative or practical changes result in a greater number of individuals being controlled by the criminal justice system. Many policies and practices makes it easier for the government to expand the scope of its ability to catch and punish those who have committed crimes or are deemed to be at high risk of committing