2D computer graphics endowed with a self-rendering method—a procedure which assigns colors to the image pixels by an arbitrary algorithm. Complex models can be built by combining simpler objects, in the paradigms of object-oriented programming. In Euclidean geometry, a translation moves every point a constant distance in a specified direction. A translation can be described as a rigid motion: other rigid motions include rotations and reflections. A translation can also be interpreted as the addition of a constant vector to every point, or as shifting the origin of the coordinate system. A translation operator is an operator formula_1 such that formula_2 If v
Glossary of Riemannian and metric geometry each simplex with induced metric is isometric to a simplex in Euclidean space. Principal curvature is the maximum and minimum normal curvatures at a point on a surface. Principal direction is the direction of the principal curvatures. Path isometry Proper metric space is a metric space in which every closed ball is compact. Every proper metric space is complete. Quasigeodesic has two meanings; here we give the most common. A map formula_29 (where formula_30 is a subsegment) is called a "quasigeodesic" if there are constants formula_31 and formula_32 such that for every formula_33 Note that a quasigeodesic is not necessarily