Gas-phase ion chemistry Gas-phase ion chemistry Gas phase ion chemistry is a field of science encompassed within both chemistry and physics. It is the science that studies ions and molecules in the gas phase, most often enabled by some form of mass spectrometry. By far the most important applications for this science is in studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions. For example, one application is in studying the thermodynamics of the solvation of ions. Ions with small solvation spheres of 1, 2, 3... solvent molecules can be studied in the gas phase and then extrapolated to bulk solution. Transition state theory is
Extraction (chemistry) Extraction (chemistry) Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting in the separation of a substance from a matrix. It includes "Liquid-liquid extraction", and "Solid phase extraction". The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory. This is based on exactly how the analyte move from the water into an organic layer. There exist several types of extraction, including: "liquid–liquid extraction", "solid-phase extraction",and "acid-base extraction." In liquid-liquid extraction compounds separate according to their relative solubility in two different immiscible liquid phases. This technique has been applied in several fields such as analytical chemistry