Portuguese-based creole languages meaning "in" and/or "on", which would come from the Portuguese contraction "na" meaning "in the" (feminine singular). The Portuguese word for "creole" is "crioulo", which derives from the verb "criar" ("to raise", "to bring up") and a suffix "-oulo" of debated origin. Originally the word was used to distinguish the members of any ethnic group who were born and raised in the colonies from those who were born in their homeland. In Africa it was often applied to locally born people of (wholly or partly) Portuguese descent, as opposed to those born in Portugal; whereas in Brazil it was also
Etymology of Kapisa "Kafir" may have occurred spontaneously, since the exchange of "p" by "f" is common in Indo-European languages. It may also have been the result of confusion or intentional wordplay with the Arabic word, since the Kafirs were pagans until 1895. The derivation of Kafiristan is now fairly easy, since "-stan" in Iranian language means country, abode, or place. Kafiristan would literally mean the "land or abode of the Kafir (Kapir) peoples" i.e. people belonging to Kapiśa. Today, it is disputed if the term "Kafir" really defines a traditional ethnic group. Etymology of Kapisa The original form and meaning of the