Close-mid central unrounded vowel Close-mid central unrounded vowel The close-mid central unrounded vowel, or high-mid central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . This is a mirrored letter e, and should not be confused with the schwa , which is a turned e. It was added to the IPA in 1993; before that, this vowel was transcribed (Latin small letter e with umlaut, not Cyrillic small letter yo). Certain older sources transcribe this vowel . The letter may be used with a lowering diacritic ,
Vowel dimension Vowel dimension A vowel dimension is an aspect of a vowel's pronunciation, involving a phonological or phonetic feature which is utilised in a language. The basic vowel dimensions are generally viewed as being vowel backness and height; these dimensions are manifested in most of the world's languages. (Some languages, though, distinguish vertical vowel systems, which are usually based around a contrast in height: Arrernte, Ubykh and Wichita are three such languages.) These two phonological features are generally viewed to be true "dimensions", since they correspond to actual spatial movement in two physical dimensions. These dimensions can be extraordinarily complex in