Edwin Hubble Edwin Hubble Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology and is regarded as one of the most important astronomers of all time. Hubble discovered that many objects previously thought to be clouds of dust and gas and classified as "nebulae" were actually galaxies beyond the Milky Way. He used the strong direct relationship between a classical Cepheid variable's luminosity and pulsation period (discovered in 1908 by Henrietta Swan Leavitt) for scaling galactic and extragalactic distances. Hubble provided evidence
Beyond the 11th Zabuli Education Center for girls and young women in Afghanistan. For her work in the organization, Susan Retik was awarded the 2010 President's Citizens Medal, one of the United States' highest civilian honors. Quigley and Retik's work establishing Beyond the 11th and their trip to Afghanistan are the subject of the feature documentary "Beyond Belief", directed by Beth Murphy. The film premiered at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival. Susan Retik accepted the Presidential Citizenship Award in 2010 from President Barack Obama for her work and efforts in Afghanistan. Beyond the 11th Beyond the 11th is a charitable foundation that supports