Brownian model of financial markets as: Note that formula_21 and formula_139 are absolutely continuous with respect to each other, i.e. they are equivalent. Also, according to Girsanov's theorem, is a formula_6-dimensional Brownian motion process on the filtration formula_146 with respect to formula_139. A complete financial market is one that allows effective hedging of the risk inherent in any investment strategy. Let formula_89 be a standard financial market, and formula_149 be an formula_140-measurable random variable, such that: The market formula_89 is said to be "complete" if every such formula_149 is "financeable", i.e. if there is an formula_155-financed portfolio process formula_156, such that its associated wealth process
Brownian motion stars by where formula_36 is the mass of the background stars. The gravitational force from the massive object causes nearby stars to move faster than they otherwise would, increasing both formula_34 and "V". The Brownian velocity of Sgr A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, is predicted from this formula to be less than 1 km "s". In mathematics, Brownian motion is described by the Wiener process; a continuous-time stochastic process named in honor of Norbert Wiener. It is one of the best known Lévy processes (càdlàg stochastic processes with stationary independent increments) and