Base (chemistry) Base (chemistry) In chemistry, bases are substances that, in aqueous solution, release hydroxide (OH) ions, are slippery to the touch, can taste bitter if an alkali, change the color of indicators (e.g., turn red litmus paper blue), react with acids to form salts, promote certain chemical reactions (base catalysis), accept protons from any proton donor or contain completely or partially displaceable OH ions. Examples of bases are the hydroxides of the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals (NaOH, Ca(OH), etc., see alkali hydroxide and alkaline earth hydroxide). These particular substances produce hydroxide ions (OH) in aqueous solutions, and are
Brefeldin A studying membrane traffic and [[Vesicle (biology and chemistry)|vesicle]] transport dynamics between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Brefeldin A is found naturally as a white to off-white [[crystal]]line solid. It forms a clear colorless solution when dissolved. It is soluble in [[methanol]] (10 mg/mL), [[ethanol]] (5 mg/mL), [[Dimethyl sulfoxide|DMSO]] (20 mg/mL), [[acetone]], and [[ethyl acetate]] (1 mg/mL) without the aid of heating. It is poorly soluble in water (slightly [[Miscibility|miscible]]). It is sold commercially with a purity of 98% or greater. It is recommended that it be stored desiccate at -20 °C away from direct sunlight. Its suggested shelf life