Isotonic hyponatremia Isotonic hyponatremia Isotonic hyponatremia is a form of hyponatremia with mOsm measured between 280 and 295. It can be associated with pseudohyponatremia, or with isotonic infusion of glucose or mannitol. Certain conditions, such as extraordinarily high blood levels of lipid (hyperlipidemia/hypertriglyceridemia) or protein (hyperparaproteinemia), magnify the electrolyte exclusion effect. This interferes with the measurement of serum sodium concentration by certain methods, leading to an erroneously low "measurement" of sodium, or pseudohyponatremia. The methods affected are the flame-photometric and indirect (but not direct) ion-selective electrode assays. This is distinct from a true dilutional hyponatremia that can be caused by an osmotic
Human Element Robotoki was shut down on January 20, 2015 due to lack of publishing deal of the premium version of the game and the inability of the founder of the company to self-fund the development of the game. The game is currently on hiatus. Human Element Human Element was an online multiplayer video game under development by Robotoki for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. Development was halted when the studio was closed as indicated by a farewell message on Robotoki's (now defunct) blog on January 20, 2015, by the studio's founder, Robert Bowling. "Human Element" is the first game