Portuguese-based creole languages meaning "in" and/or "on", which would come from the Portuguese contraction "na" meaning "in the" (feminine singular). The Portuguese word for "creole" is "crioulo", which derives from the verb "criar" ("to raise", "to bring up") and a suffix "-oulo" of debated origin. Originally the word was used to distinguish the members of any ethnic group who were born and raised in the colonies from those who were born in their homeland. In Africa it was often applied to locally born people of (wholly or partly) Portuguese descent, as opposed to those born in Portugal; whereas in Brazil it was also
Glossary of Japanese words of Portuguese origin "arigatai", for which written records exist dating back to the "Man'yōshū" compiled circa 759 AD, well before Japanese contact with Portugal. The full derivation is "arigatō", the “u” sound change of "arigataku" < "arigataku", the attributive form of arigatai, < "arigatai" < "arigatashi" < "ari" + "katashi". "Ari" is a verb meaning "to be" and "katashi" is an adjective meaning "difficult". The original meaning of "arigatashi" was "difficult to be", i.e. that the listener's generosity or behavior is "rare" and thus "special". Glossary of Japanese words of Portuguese origin Many Japanese words of Portuguese origin entered the Japanese language when