Transfer factor factors are contraindicated for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. When human- and bovine-derived transfer factor are generated from blood cells they carry the potential for blood-borne disease such as HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C. Colostrum is a form of milk produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including humans) in late pregnancy. Colostrum also contains multiple immune modulating molecules, including high antibody levels. Based on studies noting an overlap in the observed in vitro effects between a molecule contained in colostrum called colostrinin and the dialyzable leukocyte extract mentioned above, a hypothesis formed that the two were the same. There
Bilinear form form on a normed vector space is elliptic, or coercive, if there is a constant such that for all , Given a ring "R" and a right "R"-module "M" and its dual module "M", a mapping is called a bilinear form if for all , , . The mapping is known as the "natural pairing", also called the "canonical bilinear form" on . A linear map induces the bilinear form , and a linear map induces the bilinear form . Conversely, a bilinear form induces the "R"-linear maps and . Here, "M" denotes the double dual of "M". Bilinear form