M69 incendiary M69 incendiary The M69 incendiary bomblet was used in air raids on Japan and China during World War II. They were nicknamed "Tokyo calling cards". The M69 was a plain steel pipe with a hexagonal cross section in diameter and long. It weighed about . The bomblet used napalm (jelled gasoline) as an incendiary filler, improving on earlier designs which used thermite or magnesium fillers that burned more intensely, but were less energy- and weight-efficient, and were easier to extinguish. In Germany they were filled with jellied oil and dropped in clusters of 36 in the non-aerodynamic M19 bomb. Over
4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol carboxylic acids, which in the case of MCHM is 4-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CAS 13064-83-0), a naphthenic acid. The toxicity and environmental properties of these naphthenic acids have been well studied recently due to their occurrence as a major contaminant in water used for extraction of oil from tar sands. Naphthenic acids have both acute and chronic toxicity to fish and other organisms. The methyl ester of this acid is also listed as one of the major impurities in the "crude MCHM" as supplied by Eastman. The closely related compound cyclohexanedimethanol (CAS 105-08-8) exhibits low toxicity (3.5 g/kg) when fed orally to