Riba equal quantities of the same kind of commodity ("like for like") — for example 100 kilograms of wheat for 100 kg of wheat — in a riba-free transaction called for by quoted ahadith. Or how "divine law" could prescribe that a jeweler — "who has spent his time and effort to convert gold into jewelry" and is taking gold as payment — not be compensated? M.A. Khan also notes that the authors of the IIIE blueprint have no objection to traders selling higher purity/quality commodity for cash and using the proceeds to buying more less purity/quality commodity, and wonders what
Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day is a 2014 book by Yoshihiro Francis Fukuyama, author of "The Origins of Political Order", written to shed light on political development in different regions. Fukuyama stresses the importance of the three pillars of the modern state, as described in the first volume: These ideas are exemplified throughout the first and the second part of the book via different cases. Fukuyama makes the argument that patronage behavior is rooted in the following biological roots: