Diabetes mellitus of glucose found in the liver; and gluconeogenesis, the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates in the body. Insulin plays a critical role in balancing glucose levels in the body. Insulin can inhibit the breakdown of glycogen or the process of gluconeogenesis, it can stimulate the transport of glucose into fat and muscle cells, and it can stimulate the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen. Insulin is released into the blood by beta cells (β-cells), found in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, in response to rising levels of blood glucose, typically after eating. Insulin is used
PYGL glycolysis and other biosynthetic functions for energy metabolism. As the major isozyme in liver, PYGL is responsible for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis by regulating the release of glucose 1-phosphate from liver glycogen stores. One model suggests that Ca oscillations play a role in activating glycogen phosphorylase in glycogen degradation in liver cells. Through its function in the liver, PYGL is also central to meeting the glycemic demands of the entire body. Though other tissues may express all three forms in different proportions, the purpose of expressing multiple glycogen phosphorylases remains unclear. PYGL has been implicated in glycogen storage disease type