Naphthenic acid agents, thickening agent of napalm and oil drying agents used in painting and wood surface treatment. Industrially useful naphthenates include those of aluminium, magnesium, calcium, barium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, vanadium, and zinc. One oft-cited study stated that "naphthenic acids are the most significant environmental contaminants resulting from petroleum extraction from oil sands deposits." However "under worst-case exposure conditions, acute toxicity is unlikely in wild mammals exposed to naphthenic acids in AOS tailings pond water, but repeated exposure may have adverse health effects." Naphthenic acids are present in Athabasca oil sands (AOL) tailings pond water (TPW) at an estimated
Macleaya cordata dihydrochelerythrine, and twelve fatty acids of which linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids predominate. Macleaya cordata Macleaya cordata, the five-seeded plume-poppy, is a species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae, which is used ornamentally. It is native to China and Japan. It is a large herbaceous perennial growing to tall by or more wide, with olive green leaves and airy panicles of buff-white flowers in summer. The Latin "cordata" means "heart-shaped", referring to the leaves. The common name plume poppy is used for plants of the genus "Macleaya". The Chinese name 博落回 ("bóluòhúi") is derived from 簸邏迴 ("bòluóhúi"),