Albedo reflectance and bi-hemispherical reflectance (e.g.,). These calculations are based on the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), which describes how the reflectance of a given surface depends on the view angle of the observer and the solar angle. BDRF can facilitate translations of observations of reflectance into albedo. Earth's average surface temperature due to its albedo and the greenhouse effect is currently about 15 °C. If Earth were frozen entirely (and hence be more reflective), the average temperature of the planet would drop below −40 °C. If only the continental land masses became covered by glaciers, the mean temperature of the
Albedo One writing of genre author Gene Wolfe. These columns are often noted for their "opinionated" or controversial stance on genre matters, with that in issue 31 of "Albedo One" being described as "a deliberately provocative rant" by one reviewer. In 1996 the editors offered an open invitation, stating that "If you feel strongly about anything and want to let us and the readers know, you too can don the mightly mantle of Severian." Between 1997 and 1999 "Albedo One" was honored three times by the European Science Fiction Society, winning Awards for "Best Magazine" and "Best Publisher". Stories from the magazine