Rotational Brownian motion (astronomy) supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies. Perturbations from passing stars can alter the orbital plane of such a binary, which in turn alters the direction of the spin axis of the single black hole that forms when the two coalesce. Rotational Brownian motion is often observed in N-body simulations of galaxies containing binary black holes. The massive binary sinks to the center of the galaxy via dynamical friction where it interacts with passing stars. The same gravitational perturbations that induce a random walk in the orientation of the binary, also cause the binary to shrink, via the gravitational
Brownian model of financial markets for buying or selling). Another assumption is that asset prices have no jumps, that is there are no surprises in the market. This last assumption is removed in jump diffusion models. Consider a financial market consisting of formula_1 financial assets, where one of these assets, called a "bond" or "money market", is risk free while the remaining formula_2 assets, called "stocks", are risky. A "financial market" is defined as formula_3 that satisfies the following: Let formula_17 be a probability space, and a formula_18 be D-dimensional Brownian motion stochastic process, with the natural filtration: If formula_20 are the measure 0 (i.e.