Mydriasis eye, and also to reduce painful ciliary muscle spasm (see cycloplegia). One effect of administration of a mydriatic is intolerance to bright light (photophobia). Purposefully-induced mydriasis via mydriatics is also used as a diagnostic test for Horner's syndrome. Mydriasis can be induced via modulation of adrenergic or cholinergic signalling. Within the adrenergic system, norepinephrine is a hormone and neurotransmitter responsible for regulating physiological processes in the body, including the involuntary muscles of the autonomic nervous system (such as the dilation or constriction of the pupil aperture via the muscles of the iris). Modulation of norepinephrine signalling can induce mydriasis. For
The Widening Gyre (novel) The Widening Gyre (novel) The Widening Gyre is a 1983 novel by Robert B. Parker, featuring his private detective character Spenser. The title comes from the first line of W.B. Yeats poem "The Second Coming". Spenser is hired to head up the security detail for Congressman Meade Alexander as he runs for the Senate. The congressman confides to Spenser that he is being blackmailed by someone who wants him to drop out of the senate race. The congressman's wife Ronni drinks too much and there is an explicit sex tape of her and a much younger man. Spenser's assignment is