History of Cape Verde Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau). This largesse ultimately backfired on the Portuguese, however, as literate Cape Verdeans became aware of the pressures for independence building on the mainland, while the islands continued suffering from frequent drought and famine, at times from epidemic diseases and volcanic eruptions, and the Portuguese government did nothing. Thousands of people died of starvation during the first half of the 20th century. Although the nationalist movement appeared less fervent in Cape Verde than in Portugal's other African holdings, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC, acronym for the Portuguese "Partido Africano da Independência
Literature of Cape Verde published in 1893. The first two libraries in the archipeolago first opened in the late 19th century during the colonial era, they were the "National Library and Museum" ("Biblioteca e Museu Nacional") in Praia and the "Mindelo Municipal Library" ("Biblioteca municipal do Mindelo") first opened in 1880. The rise of literature coincided with the rise of nationalism and independence in Cape Verde. Literature flourished in the 20th century. "Diário" was published in 1929 by Portuguese António Pedro, it would plant the seeds for the creation of Claridade along with the Portuguese magazine "Presença" which was also read in Cape Verde