Toe joints, which form the toes. Since the toes are deformed further, these may press against a shoe and cause pain. Deformities of the foot can also be caused by rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Deformities may predispose to ulcers and pain, especially when shoe-wearing. A common problem involving the big toe is the formation of bunions. These are structural deformities of the bones and the joint between the foot and big toe, and may be painful. Similar deformity involving the fifth toe is described as tailor's bunion or bunionette. A favourable option for the reconstruction of missing adjacent fingers/multiple digit
Names for the human species "Homo", e.g. "Homo paniscus", "Homo sylvestris", or "Homo arboreus". An alternative philosophy suggests that the term "Homo sapiens" is the misnomer and that humans should be reclassified as "Pan sapiens". In either case, a name change of the genus would have implications on the taxonomy of extinct species closely related to humans, including "Australopithecus". A taxonomic name given to the species of the last common ancestors of humans and chimpanzees is "Pan prior". The following names mimick binomial nomenclature, mostly consisting of "Homo" followed by a Latin adjective characterizing human nature. Most of them were coined since the mid 20th