Extragalactic cosmic ray Extragalactic cosmic ray Extragalactic cosmic rays are very-high-energy particles that flow into the Solar System from beyond the Milky Way galaxy. The energies these particles possess are in excess of 10 eV. Unlike solar or galactic cosmic rays, little is known about the origins of extragalactic cosmic rays. This is largely due to a lack of statistics: only about 1 extragalactic cosmic ray particle per square meter per year reaches the Earth's surface (see figure). There are many ideas about which processes may be responsible for cosmic rays with such high energies. In the 'bottom-up' approach, cosmic rays gain more
To the Moon and Beyond accurate depiction of scientifically based material he hired Graphic Films as a design consultant on a film he already had in pre-production, "". Graphic Films' Lester Novros, Con Pederson, and background artist Douglas Trumbull would air-mail research based concept sketches and notes covering the mechanics and physics of space travel to Kubrick in England during pre-production. They would go on to create storyboards for a portion of the space flight sequences seen in the film. Trumbull would eventually leave Graphic Films to become a special effects supervisor on "2001". To the Moon and Beyond To The Moon and Beyond is