Human mission to Mars propellant from the Martian Atmosphere. This proposal drew on concepts developed by the former "Case for Mars" conference series. Over the next decade, Zubrin developed it into a mission concept, Mars Direct, which he presented in a book, "The Case for Mars" (1996). The mission is advocated by the Mars Society, which Zubrin founded in 1998, as practical and affordable. In 1991 in Toulouse, France, the International Space University studied an international human Mars mission. They proposed a crew of 8 traveling to Mars in a nuclear-powered vessel with artificial gravity provided by rotation. On the surface, 40 tonne habitats
Mars to Stay knows what advances will have taken place. The first generation can retire there, or maybe we can bring them back." An article by Dirk Schulze-Makuch (Washington State University) and Paul Davies (Arizona State University) from the book "The Human Mission to Mars: Colonizing the Red Planet" highlights their mission plans as: The astronauts would be sent supplies from Earth regularly. This proposal was picked up for discussion in a number of public sources. A proposal for a one-way human settlement mission to Mars was put forward in 2012 by the Mars One, a private spaceflight project led by Dutch entrepreneur