Carbon trade in both types of diamonds exists, the two markets act in dramatically different ways. Unlike precious metals such as gold or platinum, gem diamonds do not trade as a commodity: there is a substantial mark-up in the sale of diamonds, and there is not a very active market for resale of diamonds. Industrial diamonds are valued mostly for their hardness and heat conductivity, with the gemological qualities of clarity and color being mostly irrelevant. About 80% of mined diamonds (equal to about 100 million carats or 20 tonnes annually) are unsuitable for use as gemstones are relegated for industrial
Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day is a 2014 book by Yoshihiro Francis Fukuyama, author of "The Origins of Political Order", written to shed light on political development in different regions. Fukuyama stresses the importance of the three pillars of the modern state, as described in the first volume: These ideas are exemplified throughout the first and the second part of the book via different cases. Fukuyama makes the argument that patronage behavior is rooted in the following biological roots: