Incendiary device UN pilots used 70,000 gallons of napalm, with approximately 60,000 gallons of this thrown by US forces. Winston Churchill, among others, criticized American use of napalm in Korea, calling it "very cruel", as the US/UN forces, he said, were "splashing it all over the civilian population", "tortur[ing] great masses of people". The American official who took this statement declined to publicize it. During the Vietnam War, the U.S. Air Force developed the CBU-55, a cluster bomb incendiary fuelled by propane, a weapon that was used only once in warfare. Napalm however, became an intrinsic element of U.S. military action during
Copper naphthenate 1.0 mg/g TAN level, acidic crude oils begin to be heavily discounted in value and so are referred to as opportunity crudes. Commercial grades of naphthenic acid are most often recovered from kerosene/jet fuel and diesel fractions, where their corrosivity and negative impact on burning qualities require their removal. Naphthenic acids are also a major contaminant in water produced during the extraction of oil from Athabasca oil sands. Metal salts of naphthenic acids, which are called naphthenates, are widely used as hydrophobic sources of metal ions in diverse applications. They have the formula M(naphthenate), or MO(naphthenate) for basic oxides. Metal