Buddhism Zen Buddhism is divided into two main schools: Rinzai (臨済宗) and Sōtō (曹洞宗), the former greatly favouring the use in meditation on the koan (公案, a meditative riddle or puzzle) as a device for spiritual break-through, and the latter (while certainly employing koans) focusing more on "shikantaza" or "just sitting". Zen Buddhism is primarily found in Japan, with some presence in South Korea and Vietnam. The scholars of Japanese Soto Zen tradition in recent times have critiqued the mainstream Japanese Buddhism for "dhatu-vada", that is assuming things have substantiality, a view they assert to be non-Buddhist and "out of tune
In vitro muscle testing In vitro muscle testing "In vitro" muscle testing is a method used to characterize properties of living muscle tissue after having removed the tissue from an organism. This allows more extensive and precise quantification of muscle properties than "in vivo" testing. "In vitro" muscle testing has provided the bulk of scientific knowledge on muscle structure and physiology, as well as how both relate to organismal performance. Once an appropriate animal has been selected for experimentation, whether that is for a specific locomotor function (i.e. frogs for jumping) or a specific animal strain, to answer a research question, a specific muscle