City, University of London links with businesses in the City of London. City has also joined forces with other universities such as Queen Mary and the Institute of Education (both part of the University of London) with which it jointly delivers several leading degree programmes. London Centre for Arts and Cultural Exchange is a consortium of nine universities. It was established in 2004 to foster collaboration and to promote and support the exchange of knowledge between the consortium's partners and London's arts and cultural sectors. The nine institutions involved are: University of the Arts London; Birkbeck, University of London; City, University of London; The
City, University of London optics department was established. In 1909 the first students qualified for University of London BSc degrees in engineering as internal students. Since 1909 the institute had been involved in aeronautics education, and in 2009 the School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences celebrated the centenary of aeronautics at City. In 1908 the Institute was used for the Olympic Games. Boxing took place at the Institute. The institute was designated a "College of Advanced Technology" in 1957. In 1961 the institute's involvement in information science began with the introduction of a course on "Collecting and Communicating Scientific Knowledge". In 1966 City received