Incenter centers known to the ancient Greeks, and the only one that does not in general lie on the Euler line. It is the first listed center, X(1), in Clark Kimberling's Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers, and the identity element of the multiplicative group of triangle centers. For polygons with more than three sides, the incenter only exists for tangential polygons—those that have an incircle that is tangent to each side of the polygon. In this case the incenter is the center of this circle and is equally distant from all sides. It is a theorem in Euclidean geometry that the three
Euclidean tilings by convex regular polygons figures, which are also called "m"-Archimedean tilings. For edge-to-edge Euclidean tilings, the internal angles of the polygons meeting at a vertex must add to 360 degrees. A regular -gon has internal angle formula_1 degrees. There are seventeen combinations of regular polygons whose internal angles add up to 360 degrees, each being referred to as a "species" of vertex; in four cases there are two distinct cyclic orders of the polygons, yielding twenty-one "types" of vertex. Only eleven of these can occur in a uniform tiling of regular polygons, given in previous sections. In particular, if three polygons meet at a