Gazprom Promgaz Gazprom Promgaz Joint Stock Company Gazprom Promgaz (, abbreviated JSC Gazprom Promgaz, (), ) is a Russian company that specializes in structural engineering, design, research, heating, the electric power market, and other services related to natural gas. The company is a research institute of Gazprom and was established in 1949. The headquarters of the company are in Moscow. Gazprom Promgaz has branches in Vidnoye (Moscow Oblast), Novokuznetsk (Kemerovo Oblast), Oryol, Saint Petersburg, Ufa, Stavropol, Astrakhan (Russia), Minsk (Belarus), and Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan). Gazprom Promgaz has also an associated company, Ltd "Kamensk Plant of Gas Equipment" () in Kamensk-Shakhtinsky (Rostov Oblast). The
Japanese public corporations monopoly corporations: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Japanese National Railways, and Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation (now Japan Tobacco). However, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation was privatized in 1985, and the Japanese National Railways in 1987, and Japan Tobacco and Salt Corporation in 1988. The second category included the major development corporations devoted to housing, agriculture, highways, water resources, ports, energy resources, and urban development projects. The Japanese Highway operators were changed into public-owned private corporations in 2005. In 2003, Japan Post was formed out of the former government-run postal services, but privatization is still pending and a