Incenter centers known to the ancient Greeks, and the only one that does not in general lie on the Euler line. It is the first listed center, X(1), in Clark Kimberling's Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers, and the identity element of the multiplicative group of triangle centers. For polygons with more than three sides, the incenter only exists for tangential polygons—those that have an incircle that is tangent to each side of the polygon. In this case the incenter is the center of this circle and is equally distant from all sides. It is a theorem in Euclidean geometry that the three
Euclidean tilings by convex regular polygons Euclidean tilings by convex regular polygons Euclidean plane tilings by convex regular polygons have been widely used since antiquity. The first systematic mathematical treatment was that of Kepler in his "Harmonices Mundi" (Latin: "The Harmony of the World", 1619). Following Grünbaum and Shephard (section 1.3), a tiling is said to be "regular" if the symmetry group of the tiling acts transitively on the "flags" of the tiling, where a flag is a triple consisting of a mutually incident vertex, edge and tile of the tiling. This means that, for every pair of flags, there is a symmetry operation mapping the