Conium maculatum Conium maculatum Conium maculatum, the hemlock or poison hemlock, is a highly poisonous biennial herbaceous flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae, native to Europe and North Africa. A hardy plant capable of living in a variety of environments, hemlock is widely naturalized in locations outside its native range. "Conium maculatum" is known by several common names. In addition to the English hemlock, the Australian carrot fern and the Irish devil's bread or devil's porridge, the following names are also used: poison parsley, spotted corobane and spotted hemlock. The plant should not be confused with the coniferous tree "Tsuga", also
Golden poison frog semiopaca", "C. rugiceps" and "C. sp. A". Other related toxins, histrionicotoxin and pumiliotoxin, are found in frog species from the genus "Dendrobates". The golden poison frog, like most other poisonous frogs, stores its poison in skin glands. Due to their poison, the frogs are deterrent to predators; "P. terribilis" poison probably kills any predator, except for one snake species, "Liophis epinephelus". This snake may be resistant to the frog's poison, but is not immune (Myers & Daly, 1978). The poisonous frogs and birds themselves are perhaps the only creatures to be immune to this poison. Batrachotoxin attacks the sodium channels