Ruy Lopez Ajedrez", written in 1561. Although it bears his name, this particular opening was included in the Göttingen manuscript, which dates from c. 1490. However, popular use of the Ruy Lopez opening did not develop until the mid-19th century, when Carl Jaenisch, a Russian theoretician, "rediscovered" its potential. The opening remains the most commonly used amongst the open games in master play; it has been adopted by almost all players during their careers, many of whom have played it with both colours. Due to the difficulty for Black in achieving equality, a common nickname for the opening is "The Spanish Torture".
Tactical role-playing game to equip them, change classes, train them, depending on the game. A number of early role-playing video games used a tactical form of combat, such as "Tunnels of Doom" (1982) and "" (1983), as well as "The Dragon and Princess" (1982) and "Bokosuka Wars" (1983), which introduced party-based, tiled combat to America and Japan, respectively. Further, tactical RPGs are descendents of tabletop role-playing games and wargames, such as "Dungeons & Dragons" and "Chainmail", which were mainly tactical in their original form. Nevertheless, much of the development of tactical RPGs has diverged on each side of the Pacific, and the term