Portuguese-based creole languages used to distinguish locally born black people of African descent from those who had been brought from Africa as slaves. In time, however, this generic sense was lost, and the word "crioulo" or its derivatives (like "Creole" and its equivalents in other languages) became the name of several specific Upper Guinean communities and their languages: the Guinean people and their Kriol language, Cape Verdean people and their Kriolu language, all of which still today have very vigorous use, suppressing the importance of official standard Portuguese. The oldest Portuguese-based creole are the so-called "crioulos" of Upper Guinea, born around the Portuguese
Folk etymology original French "chaise longue" ("long chair"), has come to be associated with the word "lounge". Rebracketing is a process of language change in which parts of a word that appear to be meaningful (such as *"ham" in "hamburger") are mistaken as elements of the word's etymology (in this case, the word "ham"). Rebracketing functions by reanalyzing the constituent parts of a word. For example, the Old French word "orenge" ("orange tree") comes from Arabic "an nāranj" ("the orange tree"), with the initial "n" of "nāranj" understood as part of the article. In back-formation a new word is created, often by