Incendiary device UN pilots used 70,000 gallons of napalm, with approximately 60,000 gallons of this thrown by US forces. Winston Churchill, among others, criticized American use of napalm in Korea, calling it "very cruel", as the US/UN forces, he said, were "splashing it all over the civilian population", "tortur[ing] great masses of people". The American official who took this statement declined to publicize it. During the Vietnam War, the U.S. Air Force developed the CBU-55, a cluster bomb incendiary fuelled by propane, a weapon that was used only once in warfare. Napalm however, became an intrinsic element of U.S. military action during
Naphthenic acid to oil refinery equipment; the phenomenon of "naphthenic acid corrosion" (NAC) has therefore been well researched. Crude oils with a high content of naphthenic acids are often referred to as high total acid number (TAN) crude oils or high acid crude oil (HAC). Naphthenic acids are the major contaminant in water produced from the extraction of oil from Athabasca oil sands (AOS). Naphthenic acids have both acute and chronic toxicity to fish and other organisms. In their oft-cited article published in "Toxicological Sciences" Rogers et al. stated that "naphthenic acids are the most significant environmental contaminants resulting from petroleum extraction