Fiat S.p.A. SEAT—Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo (Spanish Touring Car Company)—was established with Fiat assistance in 1950, producing Fiat models under its own brand name until 1981, when Fiat withdrew its support. In 1982 SEAT signed a cooperation agreement with the German manufacturer Volkswagen and by the end of 1986 after a purchase of a majority stake SEAT had become part of the Volkswagen Group. However, production of some Fiat-based models continued, ending with the Fiat-based Marbella in 1998. The Fiat 131, known as the Holland Car DOCC. Following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, President Gamal Abdel Nasser ordered the EGID
Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI) is a Spanish state holding company that is characterized as a Sovereign wealth fund. It is controlled by the Ministry of the Treasury. SEPI was preceded by the Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI) and the Instituto Nacional de Hidrocarburos (INH). On June 16, 1995, SEPI was created in a provisional restructure which was authorized by Decree number 5/1995. On January 10, 1996, SEPI was ratified by Act of Parliament number 5/1999. This provided for the creation of various public legal entities and the abolition of the INI and the