Extragalactic cosmic ray Extragalactic cosmic ray Extragalactic cosmic rays are very-high-energy particles that flow into the Solar System from beyond the Milky Way galaxy. The energies these particles possess are in excess of 10 eV. Unlike solar or galactic cosmic rays, little is known about the origins of extragalactic cosmic rays. This is largely due to a lack of statistics: only about 1 extragalactic cosmic ray particle per square meter per year reaches the Earth's surface (see figure). There are many ideas about which processes may be responsible for cosmic rays with such high energies. In the 'bottom-up' approach, cosmic rays gain more
Beyond Entropy Ricky Burdett, and Hans Ulrich Obrist. The exhibition ‘Beyond Entropy’ was shown at the Milan Triennale (May 2011) and at the Architecture Association, School of Architecture in London (June 2011). After these exhibitions, Beyond Entropy evolved into an independent organisation that develops architectural, urban and curatorial projects in an effort to reveal a specific energetic understanding of territorial conditions based upon a specific method and approach. The theoretical approach of Beyond Entropy refers to a notion of qualitative transformation that draws back to Gilles Deleuze’s notion of Becoming, to Aldo Rossi’s urban theory and to Pascal Schöning notion of Cinematic