Naphtha polloi]." It enters the word napalm, a contraction of the "na" of "naphthenic acid" and "palm" of "palmitic acid", originally made from a mixture of naphthenic acid combined with aluminium and magnesium salts of palmitic acid. Naphtha is the root of the word naphthalene, and can also be recognised in the word phthalate, and the paint colour phthalo blue. In older usage, "naphtha" simply meant crude oil, but this usage is now obsolete in English. It was also used for mineral spirits (also known as "Stoddard Solvent"), originally the main active ingredient in Fels Naptha laundry soap. The Ukrainian and
Naphthenic acid to oil refinery equipment; the phenomenon of "naphthenic acid corrosion" (NAC) has therefore been well researched. Crude oils with a high content of naphthenic acids are often referred to as high total acid number (TAN) crude oils or high acid crude oil (HAC). Naphthenic acids are the major contaminant in water produced from the extraction of oil from Athabasca oil sands (AOS). Naphthenic acids have both acute and chronic toxicity to fish and other organisms. In their oft-cited article published in "Toxicological Sciences" Rogers et al. stated that "naphthenic acids are the most significant environmental contaminants resulting from petroleum extraction