Biological pest control predatory midge "Feltiella acarisuga", and a ladybird "Stethorus punctillum". The bug "Orius insidiosus" has been successfully used against the two-spotted spider mite and the western flower thrips ("Frankliniella occidentalis"). Predators including "Cactoblastis cactorum" (mentioned above) can also be used to destroy invasive plant species. As another example, the poison hemlock moth ("Agonopterix alstroemeriana)" can be used to control poison hemlock ("Conium maculatum"). During its larval stage, the moth strictly consumes its host plant, poison hemlock, and can exist at hundreds of larvae per individual host plant, destroying large swathes of the hemlock. Not all biological control agents are directed at
Plant secondary metabolism in which it seems useful in seed dormancy phase. To get a better understanding of how secondary metabolites play a big role in plant defense mechanisms we can focus on the recognizable defense-related secondary metabolites, cyanogenic glycosides. The compounds of these secondary metabolites (As seen in Figure 1) are found in over 2000 plant species. Its structure allows the release of cyanide, a poison produced by certain bacteria, fungi, and algae that is found in numerous plants. Animals and humans possess the ability to detoxify cyanide from their systems naturally. Therefore, cyanogenic glycosides can be used for positive benefits in