Toe walking idiopathic toe walkers, a family link has been observed. Idiopathic toe walking can be described as bilateral toe walking with no orthopedic or neurological cause past the age of two. In this condition, children are able to voluntarily walk with the normal heel-toe pattern, but prefer to walk with the toe-toe pattern. In order for it to be considered idiopathic, the child's medical history should be clear of any neurological, orthopedic, or neuro-psychiatric conditions including other gait abnormalities. Two classifications of idiopathic toe walking have been established. The Alvarez's classification identifies the severity of the dysfunction based upon kinematics and
Americans For Medical Advancement not,” and that the organization “explores the differences between the two.” What sets it apart is that it focuses “on the harm that is done to humans” and that animal protectionists are concerned about the harm done to animals. Americans for Medical Advancement targets their work to improve healthcare. The way the organization hopes to do so is by developing safer, more efficient techniques to use in labs. Since AFMA believes that animals do not give an accurate reading of how drugs will make a human react, the first step would be eliminating animal testing in the development of drugs