Portuguese-based creole languages meaning "in" and/or "on", which would come from the Portuguese contraction "na" meaning "in the" (feminine singular). The Portuguese word for "creole" is "crioulo", which derives from the verb "criar" ("to raise", "to bring up") and a suffix "-oulo" of debated origin. Originally the word was used to distinguish the members of any ethnic group who were born and raised in the colonies from those who were born in their homeland. In Africa it was often applied to locally born people of (wholly or partly) Portuguese descent, as opposed to those born in Portugal; whereas in Brazil it was also
Etymology of chemistry use a letter "e", as in "chemic" in English. In English after the spelling shifted from "chimical" to "chemical", there was corresponding shift from "alchimical" to "alchemical", which occurred in the early 19th century. In French, Italian, Spanish and Russian today it continues to be spelled with an i as in for example Italian "chimica" "chemistry". Etymology of chemistry In the history of science, the etymology of the word chemistry is debatable. It is agreed that the word derives from the word "alchemy", which is a European one, derived from "kimiya" () and alchemy "al-kīmiyāʾ" (). The Arabic term is