Apium virus Y Apium virus Y "Apium virus Y" (ApVY) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus "Potyvirus" and the virus family "Potyviridae". Apium virus Y is a recently described member of the potyvirus family. It was first found in Australia in 2002 in poison hemlock ("Conium maculatum": an immigrant weed in Australia). A survey of native and weed species in the family Apiaceae found ApVY to be widespread in Australia. In addition, this survey and others found two other potyviruses. One was a well-known potyvirus infecting the Apiaceae, "Celery mosaic virus" (CeMV). CeMV has been found in celery ("Apium graveolens") crops
Golfodulcean poison frog Golfodulcean poison frog The Golfodulcean poison frog or Golfodulcean poison-arrow frog ("Phyllobates vittatus") is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae endemic to Costa Rica. Like all members of the genus "Phyllobates", Golfodulcean poison frogs have highly potent neurotoxic alkaloid poisons in their skin. While it is only the fourth-most toxic of the genus, the Golfodulcean poison frog is still a highly toxic animal. Its poison causes severe pain, followed by tonic-clonic seizures and paralysis if a large enough dose of the toxin is administered. The frog, for protection, advertises its toxin with its multi-coloured body. Because it is