Myringotomy and tympanostomy, in parallel with the general distinction between an -otomy (cutting) and an -ostomy (creating a stoma with some degree of permanence or semipermanence). In this distinction, only a tympanostomy involves tympanostomy tubes and creates a semipermanent stoma. This distinction in usage is not always made. The word "tympanocentesis" specifies that centesis (aspiration for sampling) is being done. Etymologically, "myringotomy" ("myringo-", from Latin "myringa" "eardrum", + "-tomy") and "tympanotomy" ("tympano-" + "-tomy") both mean "eardrum cutting", and "tympanostomy" ("tympano-" + "-stomy" means "making an eardrum stoma". In 1649, Jean Riolan the Younger accidentally pierced a patient's ear drum while
Joel-Cohen incision for re-appearance of audible intestinal sounds were shorter in Joel-Cohen group than the Pfannenstiel group in a study conducted with 153 women. In the two studies (with 411 participants) that compared the Joel-Cohen incision with the Pfannenstiel incision, the Joel-Cohen incision was associated with a 65% reduction in postoperative febrile morbidity. The skin incision is made 3 cm above the location of Pfannenstiel incision. The subcutaneous tissue is incised in three medial centimetres. The lateral tissue separation is done manually and the fascia is divided by blunt dissection using both index fingers. This incision is extended laterally by the fingers.