Eric Berne intuition, which he began writing in 1949. Even at this early juncture and while still working to become a psychoanalyst, his writings challenged Freudian concepts of the unconscious. In 1956, after 15 years of psychoanalytic training, Berne was refused admission to the San Francisco Psychoanalytic Institute as a fully-fledged psychoanalyst. He interpreted the request for several more years of training as a rejection and decided to walk away from psychoanalysis. Before the end of the year, he had written two seminal papers, both published in 1957. A few months later, he wrote a third article, titled "Transactional Analysis: A New
Eric Gurney Eric Gurney Eric Gurney (1910–1992) was a Canadian-American cartoonist and illustrator. He immigrated to the USA in 1938 to work with Walt Disney Productions, where he was a story writer and a collaborator on several Disney films. Turning freelance in 1948, he did cartoon illustrations for magazines and advertising campaigns. Gurney is well known for his humorous illustrations in books for children and adults. He received the National Cartoonists Society Advertising and Illustration Award for 1961 and 1971 for his work. Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Eric Gurney grew up in Toronto, where he began a career as a commercial artist.