Mydriasis eye, and also to reduce painful ciliary muscle spasm (see cycloplegia). One effect of administration of a mydriatic is intolerance to bright light (photophobia). Purposefully-induced mydriasis via mydriatics is also used as a diagnostic test for Horner's syndrome. Mydriasis can be induced via modulation of adrenergic or cholinergic signalling. Within the adrenergic system, norepinephrine is a hormone and neurotransmitter responsible for regulating physiological processes in the body, including the involuntary muscles of the autonomic nervous system (such as the dilation or constriction of the pupil aperture via the muscles of the iris). Modulation of norepinephrine signalling can induce mydriasis. For
Widening participation the Laura Spence Affair which hit the headlines in 2000, and after the University of Bristol admissions controversy in 2003, which concerned alleged biases in favour of the state sector. HEFCE is pursuing this policy through a number of measures, including the payment of financial incentives to universities and by funding the Aimhigher programme. This policy is linked to the previous Labour government's target of increasing participation in higher education to 50% by 2010. Widening participation Widening participation (WP) in higher education is a major component of government education policy in the United Kingdom and Europe. It consists of an