Rotational Brownian motion (astronomy) of supermassive black holes appear to be randomly aligned with respect to their host galaxies. Rotational Brownian motion (astronomy) In astronomy, rotational Brownian motion is the random walk in orientation of a binary star's orbital plane, induced by gravitational perturbations from passing stars. Consider a binary that consists of two massive objects (stars, black holes etc.) and that is embedded in a stellar system containing a large number of stars. Let formula_1 and formula_2 be the masses of the two components of the binary whose total mass is formula_3. A field star that approaches the binary with impact parameter formula_4
Brownian model of financial markets for buying or selling). Another assumption is that asset prices have no jumps, that is there are no surprises in the market. This last assumption is removed in jump diffusion models. Consider a financial market consisting of formula_1 financial assets, where one of these assets, called a "bond" or "money market", is risk free while the remaining formula_2 assets, called "stocks", are risky. A "financial market" is defined as formula_3 that satisfies the following: Let formula_17 be a probability space, and a formula_18 be D-dimensional Brownian motion stochastic process, with the natural filtration: If formula_20 are the measure 0 (i.e.