Agonopterix alstroemeriana alkaloids obtained from its host plant. They also have the advantage of local predators being less familiar with the species because they are non-native. The caterpillar may also benefit from the toxic alkaloids present in the poison hemlock host plant because they may increase the ability of "A. alstroemeriana" to recognize "Conium maculatum" as the correct location for oviposition. They pupate for 2 weeks in the soil, usually from late May to early June. The color of pupa is red-brown, with fine hairs densely located. The length of pupae is approximately 6–7 mm. After pupating, the moths emerge from the
Nasturtium (genus) the Latin "nasus tortus", meaning "twisted nose", in reference to the effect on the nasal passages of eating the plants. "Nasturtium" foliage is used as food by the caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera, including "Orthonama obstipata" (The Gem). One species, "Nasturtium gambellii", is a federally listed endangered species in the United States. The genus "Nasturtium" should not be confused with the flowering garden annual commonly known as nasturtium ("Tropaeolum majus"). Though not related, the leaves of the garden nasturtium also have a peppery taste. One database names 316 species. Nasturtium (genus) Nasturtium () is a genus of seven plant species in