German Americans especially regarding pastries, meats and sausages, and above all, beer. Frankfurters (or "wieners", originating from Frankfurt am Main and Vienna, respectively), hamburgers, bratwurst, sauerkraut, and strudel are common dishes. German bakers introduced the pretzel, which is popular across the United States. Germans introduced America to lager, the most-produced beer style in the United States, and have been the dominant ethnic group in the beer industry since 1850. The oldest extant brewery in the United States is D. G. Yuengling & Son of Pottsville, Pennsylvania (approximately 80 miles northwest of Philadelphia), founded in 1829 by an immigrant from Aldingen in what
Arbitrarily varying channel previously, formula_173, but now the pmf formula_46 is added to the equation, making the minimum of formula_171 based a new form of formula_49, where formula_177 replaces formula_102. Theorem 3: The capacity for randomized codes of the AVC is formula_179. "Proof of Theorem 3": See paper "The Capacities of Certain Channel Classes Under Random Coding" referenced below for full proof. Arbitrarily varying channel An arbitrarily varying channel (AVC) is a communication channel model used in coding theory, and was first introduced by Blackwell, Breiman, and Thomasian. This particular channel has unknown parameters that can change over time and these changes may