Google data centers in late 2013 and began selling off the barges in 2014. Most of the software stack that Google uses on their servers was developed in-house. According to a well-known Google employee, C++, Java, Python and (more recently) Go are favored over other programming languages. For example, the back end of Gmail is written in Java and the back end of Google Search is written in C++. Google has acknowledged that Python has played an important role from the beginning, and that it continues to do so as the system grows and evolves. The software that runs the Google infrastructure includes:
Anonymous Online Speakers v. United States District Court for the District of Nevada in discovery disputes. Nevertheless, this case leaves some questions unanswered. The Ninth Circuit has yet to define the appropriate standard for commercial speech in discovery disputes. The Ninth Circuit's decision in this case will likely be influential. Many “subpoena targets” such as Google, Yahoo! and Bing are located in the Ninth Circuit and are therefore affected by the decision in "Anonymous Online Speakers". Only the Fourth and Sixth Circuits have previously addressed anonymous online commercial speech. Other courts that have not decided on this issue may look to the Ninth Circuit that oversees lawsuits involving major Internet and technology companies.