Flag of Cape Verde interpretations of the Pantone standards. Before independence from Portugal, Cape Verde did not have an official flag, and the Portuguese national flag was used. In the late 1960s, a flag for the Portuguese overseas province of Cape Verde was proposed, consisting of the flag of Portugal with the shield from the provincial arms added to the lower fly. However, this flag was never adopted. The original national flag of Cape Verde was introduced on independence in 1975, and was based on the flag of the Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde (PAIGC). It used the common
Literature of Cape Verde published in 1893. The first two libraries in the archipeolago first opened in the late 19th century during the colonial era, they were the "National Library and Museum" ("Biblioteca e Museu Nacional") in Praia and the "Mindelo Municipal Library" ("Biblioteca municipal do Mindelo") first opened in 1880. The rise of literature coincided with the rise of nationalism and independence in Cape Verde. Literature flourished in the 20th century. "Diário" was published in 1929 by Portuguese António Pedro, it would plant the seeds for the creation of Claridade along with the Portuguese magazine "Presença" which was also read in Cape Verde