Instituto Nacional de Industria acts ended up in failure (e.g., Adaro), INI soon turned itself into the biggest industrial conglomerate of Spain. INI included a broad range of companies, from heavy and basic industries to "soft" services, most of them with E.N., standing for Empresa Nacional (National Corporation), in their names. Among them were: Ensidesa (Empresa Nacional Siderúrgica S.A.)–Aceralia (steel), Enasa (Empresa Nacional de Autocamiones S.A.)–Pegaso (trucks), SEAT (Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo) (cars), INH (Instituto Nacional de Hidrocarburos)–Repsol (Refinería de Petróleos de Escombreras Oil) (oil and gas), ENCE (Empresa Nacional de Celulosas de España) (cellulose, biofuels), ENDASA (Empresa Nacional de Aluminio S.A.)
Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid The Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid () was the first permanent symphony orchestra in Spain. The private Society was founded in 1866 by Francisco Asenjo Barbieri and Joaquín Gaztambide, who assumed responsibility for its organization and artistic direction. It was the heir of the orchestra formed by the Sociedad Artístico Musical de Socorros Mutuos which was based at the Teatro Real in Madrid. Barbieri conducted the Orchestra during its inaugural season and was succeeded by Gatzambide in the following. The first musical director who served at length was Jesús de Monasterio, who was appointed in