Plain tobacco packaging tobacco consumption”. This effort did not succeed due to trademark right concerns, specifically those related to Canada's commitments to the World Trade Organization and under the North American Free Trade Agreement. Australia, with the enactment of the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act on 12 December 2011, became the first country in the world to require tobacco products to be sold in plain packaging. Products manufactured after 1 October 2012, and all on sale after 1 December 2012 must be in the plain packaging. Following Australia's lead (2012) a number of other countries also require standardized packaging including France (January 2017), United
Institute of Public Affairs diversity". In 2006, the IPA predicted that banning smoking in public places would increase the risk of passive smoking as smokers moved to private areas indoors, that illegal garage bars may be set up and that without cigarette smoke nightclubs would have to "deodorise sweat and flatulence" with scented smoke. In 2010, the IPA argued against the Gillard Government's plans to introduce plain tobacco packaging, criticising it on the grounds that plain packaging may not affect the consumption of those products and that plain packaging may infringe intellectual property rights in tobacco trademarks and logos. If so, it would represent