Incenter centers known to the ancient Greeks, and the only one that does not in general lie on the Euler line. It is the first listed center, X(1), in Clark Kimberling's Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers, and the identity element of the multiplicative group of triangle centers. For polygons with more than three sides, the incenter only exists for tangential polygons—those that have an incircle that is tangent to each side of the polygon. In this case the incenter is the center of this circle and is equally distant from all sides. It is a theorem in Euclidean geometry that the three
Euclidean tilings by convex regular polygons first flag to the second. This is equivalent to the tiling being an edge-to-edge tiling by congruent regular polygons. There must be six equilateral triangles, four squares or three regular hexagons at a vertex, yielding the three regular tessellations. Vertex-transitivity means that for every pair of vertices there is a symmetry operation mapping the first vertex to the second. If the requirement of flag-transitivity is relaxed to one of vertex-transitivity, while the condition that the tiling is edge-to-edge is kept, there are eight additional tilings possible, known as "Archimedean", "uniform" or "semiregular" tilings. Note that there are two mirror image