Portuguese-based creole languages used to distinguish locally born black people of African descent from those who had been brought from Africa as slaves. In time, however, this generic sense was lost, and the word "crioulo" or its derivatives (like "Creole" and its equivalents in other languages) became the name of several specific Upper Guinean communities and their languages: the Guinean people and their Kriol language, Cape Verdean people and their Kriolu language, all of which still today have very vigorous use, suppressing the importance of official standard Portuguese. The oldest Portuguese-based creole are the so-called "crioulos" of Upper Guinea, born around the Portuguese
Etymology of Jämtland Etymology of Jämtland The etymology of Jämtland entails the origin, history, and use of the name Jämtland which dates back to 11th century Scandinavia. The name is first found on the northernmost runestone in Europe, the "Frösö Runestone", as "eotalont" (in normalized Old Norse: "Jamtaland"). The prefix Jamta is a genitive plural case of Jamts, a Germanic tribe. The root of Jamt (Old West Norse: "jamti"), and thus Jämtland, derives from the Proto-Germanic word stem "emat-" meaning persistent, efficient, enduring and hardworking. So Jämtland basically mean "Jamts' land" or "land of hardworking people". A folk explanation is that the name