Opsin three domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota. In Eukaryota, type I opsins are found mainly in unicellular organisms such as green algae, and in fungi. In most complex multicellular eukaryotes, type I opsins have been replaced with other light-sensitive molecules such as cryptochrome and phytochrome in plants, and type II opsins in Metazoa (animals). Microbial opsins are often known by the rhodopsin form of the molecule, i.e., rhodopsin (in the broad sense) = opsin + chromophore. Among the many kinds of microbial opsins are the proton pumps bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and xanthorhodopsin (xR), the chloride pump halorhodopsin (HR) the photosensors
Clavarioid fungi on wood or on decaying herbaceous stems and fallen leaves. Some species, particularly in the genera "Clavulina" and "Ramaria", are known to be ectomycorrhizal (forming a beneficial association with the roots of living trees). Species in the genera "Ertzia", "Multiclavula", "Lepidostroma", and "Sulzbacheromyces" are lichenized and grow in association with algae. Clavarioid fungi have a worldwide distribution, though some genera—such as "Aphelaria" and "Lachnocladium"—are principally tropical. They are one of the most common of the four fungi groupings. Clavarioid fungi The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the "Basidiomycota" typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps (fruit bodies)