Sulfur vulcanization sulfur is not miscible in the polymer prior to vulcanization and attention is paid to prevent sulfur bloom, where it migrates to the surface of the article. Accelerators act much like catalysts allowing vulcanisation to be performed cooler yet faster and with a more efficient use of sulfur. They achieve this by reacting with and breaking the sulfur ring to form a reactive intermediate, referred to as a sulfurating agent. This in turn reacts with cure sites in the rubber to bring about vulcanization. There are two major classes of vulcanization accelerators: primary accelerators and secondary accelerators (also known as
Polymer capacitor polymer e-caps in which a solid conductive polymer forms the electrolyte, this is much more difficult to achieve, because its conductivity comes by a chemical process of polymerization. However, the benefits of a solid polymer electrolyte, the significantly lower ESR of the capacitor and the low temperature dependence of the electrical parameters, in many cases justify the additional production steps as well as higher costs. Electrolytic capacitors with the charge transfer salt tetracyanoquinodimethane TCNQ as electrolyte, formerly produced by Sanyo with the trade name "OS-CON", in the true sense of the term "polymer" were not "polymer capacitors". TCNQ electrolytic capacitors