Pangaea and along the adjacent margins of east Africa, Antarctica and Madagascar, new rifts were forming that would lead to the formation of the southwestern Indian Ocean that would open up in the Cretaceous. The second major phase in the break-up of Pangaea began in the Early Cretaceous (150–140 Ma), when the minor supercontinent of Gondwana separated into multiple continents (Africa, South America, India, Antarctica, and Australia). The subduction at Tethyan Trench probably caused Africa, India and Australia to move northward, causing the opening of a "South Indian Ocean". In the Early Cretaceous, Atlantica, today's South America and Africa, finally separated
Gondwana Link this further supports the intentions of the Gondwana Link vision. The Gondwana Link project began in 2002 as an informal coalition with the purchase of Chereninup Creek Reserve and other activities. It was not until 2012 that an incorporated body was formed with the establishment of Gondwana Link Inc. Operational areas are made up of eight major zones. In the Fitz-Stirling section of 'the Link' Greening Australia, Bush Heritage Australia, Fitzgerald Biosphere Group, Carbon Neutral and other private landholders and individuals are working together to reconnect the Stirling Range and Fitzgerald River National Parks, currently separated by only 70 km