Cicuta may be confused with a number of other edible and poisonous plants. The common name hemlock may also be confused with poison hemlock ("Conium maculatum"), or with the Hemlock tree. Water hemlock is considered one of North America's most toxic plants, being highly poisonous to humans. Three members of the genus contain a toxin named cicutoxin which causes central nervous system stimulatory effects including seizures following ingestion. Medical treatment of poisoning may include the use of activated charcoal to decrease gastrointestinal absorption of the toxic principle along with supportive care including anticonvulsant drugs such as a benzodiazepine. High doses of
Ludwigia (plant) of †"Ludwigia collinsoniae" and †"Ludwigia corneri" have been described from middle Miocene strata of the Fasterholt area near Silkeborg in Central Jutland, Denmark. Ludwigia (plant) Ludwigia (primrose-willow, water-purslane, or water-primrose) is a genus of about 82 species of aquatic plants with a cosmopolitan but mainly tropical distribution. At current, there is much debate among botanists and plant taxonomists as to the classification of many "Ludwigia" species. Botanists from the US Department of Agriculture are currently doing genetic analyses on plants from the Western US and South America to better classify members of this genus. The genus was named by Carl