Portuguese-based creole languages used to distinguish locally born black people of African descent from those who had been brought from Africa as slaves. In time, however, this generic sense was lost, and the word "crioulo" or its derivatives (like "Creole" and its equivalents in other languages) became the name of several specific Upper Guinean communities and their languages: the Guinean people and their Kriol language, Cape Verdean people and their Kriolu language, all of which still today have very vigorous use, suppressing the importance of official standard Portuguese. The oldest Portuguese-based creole are the so-called "crioulos" of Upper Guinea, born around the Portuguese
Etymology of Kapisa "Kafir" may have occurred spontaneously, since the exchange of "p" by "f" is common in Indo-European languages. It may also have been the result of confusion or intentional wordplay with the Arabic word, since the Kafirs were pagans until 1895. The derivation of Kafiristan is now fairly easy, since "-stan" in Iranian language means country, abode, or place. Kafiristan would literally mean the "land or abode of the Kafir (Kapir) peoples" i.e. people belonging to Kapiśa. Today, it is disputed if the term "Kafir" really defines a traditional ethnic group. Etymology of Kapisa The original form and meaning of the