Protractor on the dial from 180°, as the dial is graduated from opposite zero marks to 90° each way. Since the spaces, both on the main scale and the Vernier scale, are numbered both to the right and to the left from zero, any angle can be measured. The readings can be taken either to the right or to the left, according to the direction in which the zero on the main scale is moved. Reading the Vernier scale: The bevel protractor Vernier scale may have graduations of 5′ (minutes) or 1/12°. Each space on the Vernier scale is 5′ less
Incidence (geometry) Incidence (geometry) In geometry, an incidence relation is a heterogeneous relation that captures the idea being expressed when phrases such as "a point "lies on" a line" or "a line is "contained in" a plane" are used. The most basic incidence relation is that between a point, , and a line, , sometimes denoted . If the pair is called a "flag". There are many expressions used in common language to describe incidence (for example, a line "passes through" a point, a point "lies in" a plane, etc.) but the term "incidence" is preferred because it does not have the