Translation (geometry) of the object. The translation vector formula_8 common to all points of the object describes a particular type of displacement of the object, usually called a "linear" displacement to distinguish it from displacements involving rotation, called "angular" displacements. When considering spacetime, a change of time coordinate is considered to be a translation. For example, the Galilean group and the Poincaré group include translations with respect to time. Translation (geometry) In Euclidean geometry, a translation is a geometric transformation that moves every point of a figure or a space by the same distance in a given direction. In Euclidean geometry a
Thermal boundary layer thickness and shape a useful definition of this characteristic, measurable thickness for the thermal boundary layer. Also included in this boundary layer description are some parameters useful in describing the shape of the thermal boundary layer. The thermal boundary layer thickness, formula_8, is the distance across a boundary layer from the wall to a point where the flow temperature has essentially reached the 'free stream' temperature, formula_11. This distance is defined normal to the wall in the formula_12-direction. The thermal boundary layer thickness is customarily defined as the point in the boundary layer, formula_13, where the temperature formula_14 reaches 99% of the free