Pseudomonas clemancea Pseudomonas clemancea "Pseudomonas clemancea" is a species of "Pseudomonas" bacteria which was first discovered in the North of England. The specific epithet "clemancea" was given by microbiologist Pattanathu Rahman at Teesside University to bestow the CLEMANCE (Clean Environment Management Centre). This bacterium has DNA coding distinct from existing species and has unique properties developed in response to the contaminated soil from which it comes. Surfactants work by reducing surface tension between two liquids or a liquid and a solid. Biosurfactants, surface-active agents of biological origin, have environment-friendly properties; they are bio-degradable, non-toxic and can be made organically using local raw
Dewetting Dewetting In fluid mechanics, dewetting is one of the processes that can occur at a solid–liquid or liquid–liquid interface. Generally, dewetting describes the process of retraction of a fluid from a non-wettable surface it was forced to cover. The opposite process—spreading of a liquid on a substrate—is called wetting. The factor determining the spontaneous spreading and dewetting for a drop of liquid placed on a solid substrate with ambient gas, is the so-called spreading coefficient S: formula_1 where formula_2 is the solid-gas surface tension, formula_3 is the solid-liquid surface tension and formula_4 is the liquid-gas surface tension (measured for the