Wohlwill process lower purity gold is required refiners often utilize the Miller process due to its relative ease, quicker turnaround times, and because it does not require a large inventory of gold, in the form of chloroauric acid, on site at all times. Wohlwill process The Wohlwill process is an industrial-scale chemical procedure used to refine gold to the highest degree of purity (99.999%). The process was invented in 1874 by Emil Wohlwill. This electrochemical process involves using a cast gold ingot, often called a Doré bar, of 95%+ gold to serve as an anode. Lower percentages of gold in the anode
Commodity chain metaphor for this concept because things are interconnected in so many ways, not just a mere straight line. This source explains global commodity chains in depth. Commodity chain A commodity chain is a process used by firms to gather resources, transform them into goods or commodities, and finally, distribute them to consumers. It is a series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market. In short, it is the connected path from which a good travels from producers to consumers. Commodity chains can be unique