Portuguese-based creole languages used to distinguish locally born black people of African descent from those who had been brought from Africa as slaves. In time, however, this generic sense was lost, and the word "crioulo" or its derivatives (like "Creole" and its equivalents in other languages) became the name of several specific Upper Guinean communities and their languages: the Guinean people and their Kriol language, Cape Verdean people and their Kriolu language, all of which still today have very vigorous use, suppressing the importance of official standard Portuguese. The oldest Portuguese-based creole are the so-called "crioulos" of Upper Guinea, born around the Portuguese
Glossary of Japanese words of Portuguese origin "arigatai", for which written records exist dating back to the "Man'yōshū" compiled circa 759 AD, well before Japanese contact with Portugal. The full derivation is "arigatō", the “u” sound change of "arigataku" < "arigataku", the attributive form of arigatai, < "arigatai" < "arigatashi" < "ari" + "katashi". "Ari" is a verb meaning "to be" and "katashi" is an adjective meaning "difficult". The original meaning of "arigatashi" was "difficult to be", i.e. that the listener's generosity or behavior is "rare" and thus "special". Glossary of Japanese words of Portuguese origin Many Japanese words of Portuguese origin entered the Japanese language when