Hammer toe position, such as excessively high heels or shoes that are too short or narrow for the foot. Having the toes bent for long periods of time can cause the muscles in them to shorten, resulting in the hammer toe deformity. This is often found in conjunction with bunions or other foot problems (e.g., a bunion can force the big toe to turn inward and push the other toes). It can also be caused by muscle, nerve, or joint damage resulting from conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, complex regional pain syndrome or diabetes. Hammer toe can also
Names for the human species "Gaian") is frequently used, as it were naming humanity by its planet of origin. Incidentally, this situation parallels the naming motive of ancient terms for humanity, including "human" ("homo", "humanus") itself, derived from a word for "earth" to contrast humans as earth-bound with celestial beings (i.e. deities) in mythology. Names for the human species The common name of the human species in English is historically "man" (from Germanic), often replaced by the Latinate "human" (since the 16th century). In addition to the generally accepted taxonomic name "Homo sapiens" (Latin: "sapient man", Linnaeus 1758), other Latin-based names for the human species