Ruy Lopez strengthened when Simen Agdestein and some other Norwegian players adopted the variation. In 1995 Jonathan Tisdall published the article "Ruy Lopez. The Norwegian Variation" in New in Chess Yearbook 37. The Graz Defence, Classical Defence Deferred, and Møller Defence combine 3...a6 with the active move ...Bc5. For a century it was believed that it was safer for Black to place the bishop on e7, but it is much more active on c5. White can gain time after playing d4 as the black bishop will have to move, but this does not always seem to be as important as was once
Tactical decision game fictional. If the scenario is based entirely upon a reliable historical narrative, a tactical decision game is also a "decision-forcing case". (Such an exercise may also be called an "historical map problem".) However, if any of the elements in the scenario of a tactical decision game is fictional, then the exercise is a kind of "fictional decision game". In Chapter 14 of "The Prince", Niccolò Machiavelli tells the story of the Greek general Philopoemon, who made extensive use of tactical decision games. “Philopoemon, Prince of the Achaeans, among other praises which writers have bestowed on him, is commended because in