Natural disasters in China divine retribution: "tianzai" (天災), literally 'heavenly disaster'. In ancient beliefs, natural disasters were seen as Heaven’s response to immoral human behaviour, whereby the conduct of different individuals carried different weights. While the behaviour of common people ranked last, the actions of bureaucrats had a greater effect. Given that in Imperial China the emperor's behaviour was believed to be the most important, popular belief was that the emperor should attempt to prevent disasters by ensuring his conduct was in following with moral codes – and if a disaster should occur, he was responsible for addressing the consequences. According to the Overseas
What Is to Be Done? (novel) The "Dame in mourning" appearing at the end of the novel is Olga S. Chernyshevskaya, the author's wife. Characters with the last name "Kirsanov" also appear in Ivan Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons". Dostoyevsky argues with Chernyshevsky's ideas in "Notes from Underground". In particular, he responds negatively to Chernyshevsky's idealization of The Crystal Palace, a theme which is referenced throughout Russian literature. American playwright Tony Kushner referenced the book multiple times in his play "Slavs!". The main character of Gide's "Les caves du Vatican" (En. "Lafcadio's Adventures"), Lafcadio, resembles Rakhmetov. In the book "", author Chris Matthew Sciabarra claims that "What