Sodium in biology mEq/liter (135 - 145 mmol/L). A serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L qualifies as hyponatremia, which is considered severe when the serum sodium level is below 125 mEq/L. The renin–angiotensin system and the atrial natriuretic peptide indirectly regulate the amount of signal transduction in the human central nervous system, which depends on sodium ion motion across the nerve cell membrane, in all nerves. Sodium is thus important in neuron function and osmoregulation between cells and the extracellular fluid; the distribution of sodium ions are mediated in all animals by sodium–potassium pumps, which are active transporter solute pumps, pumping
Autologous conditioned serum the procedure performed by Wehling, is one famous case based on his recovery from his previously poor knees.Some basketball fans refer to the procedure as the "Kobe Procedure". The procedure cost €6,000 (about $7,400) as of July 2012. The treatment is not covered by health insurance. Autologous conditioned serum Autologous conditioned serum, also known as Orthokine and Regenokine, is an experimental procedure in which a person's own blood is extracted, manipulated, and then reintroduced with claims benefit in osteoarthritis. There is limited evidence on safety and effectiveness as of 2017. It is not included in medical guidelines as of 2017.