Gas-phase ion chemistry Gas-phase ion chemistry Gas phase ion chemistry is a field of science encompassed within both chemistry and physics. It is the science that studies ions and molecules in the gas phase, most often enabled by some form of mass spectrometry. By far the most important applications for this science is in studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions. For example, one application is in studying the thermodynamics of the solvation of ions. Ions with small solvation spheres of 1, 2, 3... solvent molecules can be studied in the gas phase and then extrapolated to bulk solution. Transition state theory is
A Woman of Substance A Woman of Substance A Woman of Substance is a novel by Barbara Taylor Bradford, published in 1979. The novel is the first of a seven-book saga about the fortunes of a retail empire and the machinations of the business elite across three generations. The series, featuring Emma Harte and her family also includes "Hold The Dream", "To Be The Best", "Emma's Secret", "Unexpected Blessings", "Just Rewards" and "Breaking the Rules". "A Woman of Substance" was adapted as "an eponymous television miniseries" as were the sequels "Hold The Dream" and "To Be The Best". The book starts with an elderly