Economic importance of bacteria are used, too, to form organic acids in pickles and vinegar. Biotechnology bacteria the use of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi in the manufacturing and services industries. These include chemical manufacturing such as ethanol, acetone, organic acid, enzymes, and perfumes. In the chemical industry, bacteria are most important in the production of pharmaceuticals. "Escherichia coli" is used for commercial preparation of riboflavin and vitamin K. Genetic engineering is the manipulation of genes. It is also called recombinant DNA technology. In genetic engineering, pieces of DNA (genes) are introduced into a host by a variety of techniques, one of the earliest
Mycorrhiza helper bacteria they found that the bacteria helped ectomycorrhizal fungi promote a symbiotic relationship with the plant by examining an increase in formation of mycorrhiza. Some bacteria improve root colonization and plant growth when associated with arbuscular mycorrhiza. The improvement of growth has been hypothesized that MHB aid the plant to defend against pathogens by improving the nutrient uptake. However, the mechanism these species use to help both of the fungi is still unknown and needs to be further investigated. Actinobacteria are gram-positive bacteria, and they are found in the soil. In this phylum, "Streptomyces" is the largest genus of bacteria, and