English novel L. Kennedy (born 1965) whose 2007 novel "Day" was named Book of the Year in the Costa Book Awards. In 2007 she won the Austrian State Prize for European Literature; Alasdair Gray (born 1934) whose "" (1981) is a dystopian fantasy set in his home town Glasgow. Another contemporary Scot is Irvine Welsh, whose novel "Trainspotting" (1993), gives a brutal depiction of the lives of working class Edinburgh drug users. Angela Carter (1940–1992) was a novelist and journalist, known for her feminist, magical realism, and picaresque works. Writing from the 1960s until the 1980s, her novels include, "The Infernal Desire
Rational addiction taken seriously as possibly true explanations and tools for welfare analysis despite being poorly interpreted, empirically unfalsifiable, and based on wildly inaccurate assumptions selectively justified by "ad hoc" stories." Research attempting to apply the rational addiction model to surveys of drug users have found the model inadequate to explain drug-taking behavior. Rational addiction Rational addiction is the hypothesis that addictions can be usefully modeled as specific kinds of rational, forward-looking, optimal consumption plans. The canonical theory comes from work done by Kevin M. Murphy and Gary S. Becker. A theory of addictions in the broad sense—for example, to heroin, tobacco,