Tarmacadam Tarmacadam Tarmacadam is a road surfacing material made by combining macadam surfaces, tar, and sand, patented by Welsh inventor Edgar Purnell Hooley in 1902. The terms "tarmacadam" and tarmac are also used, with varying degrees of correctness, for a variety of other materials, including tar-grouted macadam, bituminous surface treatments, and modern asphalt concrete. The term is also often used to describe airport aprons (also referred to as "ramps"), taxiways, and runways regardless of the surface. Pioneered by Scottish engineer in the 1820s, macadam roads are prone to rutting and generating dust. Methods to stabilize macadam surfaces with tar date back
Surfacing (film) Surfacing (film) Surfacing is a 1981 Canadian drama film directed by Claude Jutra and starring Kathleen Beller, R. H. Thomson, Joseph Bottoms, Michael Ironside and Margaret Dragu. The film was written by Bernard Gordon as an adaptation of Margaret Atwood's novel "Surfacing" (1972). Atwood's novel was widely considered "unfilmable", and Jutra's adaptation was not considered successful. He had been brought in as director only at the last minute, after original director Eric Till dropped out; it was also the first feature film ever produced by Beryl Fox, primarily known as a documentary filmmaker. In addition, the film was criticized for