Human rights in Rwanda withdrawal of Belgium from Africa in 1962, Rwanda separated from Rwanda-Urundi by referendum, which also eliminated the Tutsi monarchy, the mwami. In 1963, the Hutu government killed 14 000 Tutsi, after Tutsi guerillas attacked Rwanda from Burundi. The government maintained mandatory ethnic identity cards, and capped Tutsi numbers in universities and the civil service. During the Rwandan genocide in 1994, 800,000 people were murdered. Subsequent governments, including the current government led by President Paul Kagame, have committed grave violations of human rights. On 22 April 1995 the Rwandan Patriotic Army killed more than 4,000 people in the Kibeho massacre. In
Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa communities (17.7% Afro-Asiatic genes found in the mixed Hutu/Tutsi population). While most supporters of the migration theory are also supporters of the "Hamitic theory", namely that the Tutsi came from the Horn of Africa, a later theory proposed that the Tutsi had instead migrated from nearby interior East Africa, and that the physical differences were the result of natural selection in a dry arid climate over millennia. Among the most detailed theories was one put forward by Jean Hiernaux, based on studies of blood factors and archeology. Noting the fossil record of a tall people with narrow facial features several