Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA) is the best-known body for solar photovoltaic energy companies in Japan. Founded on April 23, 1987, it has a number of objectives and activities, one of which is providing the JPEC certification for solar modules in the Japanese market. The association serves as a spokesperson for the photovoltaics energy industry in Japan. JPEA set a pathway for the photovoltaic industry in Japan to reach 100 GW by 2030, from roughly 30 GW in 2015. The group comprises multiple companies in the industry, and reported a 13% drop in total photovoltaic solar
G-module G-module In mathematics, given a group "G", a "G"-module is an abelian group "M" on which "G" acts compatibly with the abelian group structure on "M". This widely applicable notion generalizes that of a representation of "G". Group (co)homology provides an important set of tools for studying general "G"-modules. The term "G"-module is also used for the more general notion of an "R"-module on which "G" acts linearly (i.e. as a group of "R"-module automorphisms). Let "G" be a group. A left "G"-module consists of an abelian group "M" together with a left group action ρ : "G"×"M" → "M"