British African-Caribbean people the wartime bombing, and the shortage led to some of the first clashes with the established white community. Clashes continued and worsened into the 1950s, and riots erupted in cities including London, Birmingham and Nottingham. In 1958, attacks in the London area of Notting Hill by white youths marred relations with West Indian residents, and the following year as a positive response by the Caribbean community an indoor carnival event organised by "West Indian Gazette" editor Claudia Jones took place in St Pancras Town Hall, and would be a precursor to what became the annual Notting Hill Carnival. Some of
Culture of the Caribbean some 22% speak French while only 1% speak Dutch. However, though the Caribbean today is linked with 59 living languages these are not spoken in the "insular Caribbean", but on what is referred to as the "continental Caribbean". In the French islands, cultural identity is strong, and many French-speaking islanders commentators speak of a French culture as distinguished from English Caribbean culture, but some also see Caribbean as a collection of several regional, and ethnic subcultures. While French Caribbean culture is the most obvious example, Spanish influences have allowed survival of non-English dialects; however, the influence of Ulster immigrants to