Black belt (martial arts) of ability when using these tactics and are sometimes referred to as McDojos or belt factories. In some Japanese schools, after obtaining a black belt the student also begins to instruct, and may be referred to as a senpai (senior student) or sensei (teacher). In others, a black belt student should not be called sensei until they are sandan (third degree black belt), or the titles kyosa or sabom in Korean martial arts as second degree or higher, as this denotes a greater degree of experience and a sensei must have this and grasp of what is involved in teaching
Japanese martial arts are deeply interrelated concepts applicable to self-defense and competitive combat. They each denote different considerations relevant to successfully initiating or countering an attack. In Japanese martial arts, is "the decisive moment when a killing action is initiated." There are two types of initiative in Japanese martial arts, , and . Each type of initiative complements the other, and has different advantages and weaknesses. Early initiative is the taking advantage of an opening in an opponent's guard or concentration ("see "suki", supra"). To fully take the early initiative, the attack launched must be with total commitment and lacking in any hesitation,