Substitute character actions than the last one can also be undone by pressing multiple times. was one of a handful of keyboard sequences chosen by the program designers at Xerox PARC to control text editing. Presumably these particular keystrokes were chosen because of their location on a standard QWERTY keyboard, since the Z (undo), X (cut), C (copy), and V (paste) keys are located together at the left end of the bottom row of the standard QWERTY keyboard. Substitute character A substitute character (␚) is a control character that is used in the place of a character that is recognized to be
Dvorak Simplified Keyboard layouts for English such as Colemak, but also for other languages such as the German Neo and the French BÉPO. Over the decades, symbol keys were shifted around the keyboard resulting in variations of the Dvorak design. During 1982, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) implemented a standard for the Dvorak layout known as ANSI X4.22-1983. This standard gave the Dvorak pattern official recognition as an alternative to the QWERTY keyboard. The pattern standardized by the ANSI differs from the original or "classic" pattern devised and promulgated by Dvorak. Indeed, the pattern promulgated publicly by Dvorak differed slightly from the