Compressed air car The principal disadvantages are the steps of energy conversion and transmission, because each inherently has loss. For combustion engine cars, the energy is lost when chemical energy in fossil fuels is converted by the engine to mechanical energy. For electric cars, a power plant's electricity (from whatever source) is transmitted to the car's batteries, which then transmits the electricity to the car's motor, which converts it to mechanical energy. For compressed-air cars, the power plant's electricity is transmitted to a compressor, which mechanically compresses the air into the car's tank. The car's engine then converts the compressed air to mechanical
Potential energy of protein a spring connecting the atoms together. Total potential energy based on bond length is over set S set of pairs of atoms that are connected by chemical bond defined as; E = Σ k(α-α) where: k is the force constant α is the equilibrium length α is the current length for the bond between ith and jth atoms. Just as the potential energy can be written as a quadratic form in the internal coordinates, so it can also be written in terms of generalized forces. The resulting coefficients are termed compliance constants. Like bond length, when three atoms are connected