Photovoltaic system in northern climes to 5.61 kWh/m²/day in the sunniest regions. For large systems, the energy gained by using tracking systems can outweigh the added complexity (trackers can increase efficiency by 30% or more). For very large systems, the added maintenance of tracking is a substantial detriment. Tracking is not required for flat panel and low-concentration photovoltaic systems. For high-concentration photovoltaic systems, dual axis tracking is a necessity. Pricing trends affect the balance between adding more stationary solar panels versus having fewer panels that track. When solar panel prices drop, trackers become a less attractive option. Systems designed to deliver alternating
Galois module Z), as can be deduced from the theory of Gaussian periods (the Hilbert–Speiser theorem). On the other hand the Gaussian field does not. This is an example of a "necessary" condition found by Emmy Noether ("perhaps known earlier?"). What matters here is "tame" ramification. In terms of the discriminant "D" of "L", and taking still "K" = Q, no prime "p" must divide "D" to the power "p". Then Noether's theorem states that tame ramification is necessary and sufficient for "O" to be a projective module over Z["G"]. It is certainly therefore necessary for it to be a "free" module.