Nitric acid concentrated acid and nitric oxide for dilute acid. or Concentrated nitric acid oxidizes I, P, and S into HIO, HPO, and HSO, respectively. Nitric acid reacts with proteins to form yellow nitrated products. This reaction is known as the xanthoproteic reaction. This test is carried out by adding concentrated nitric acid to the substance being tested, and then heating the mixture. If proteins that contain amino acids with aromatic rings are present, the mixture turns yellow. Upon adding a base such as ammonia, the color turns orange. These color changes are caused by nitrated aromatic rings in the protein. Xanthoproteic
Simultaneously extracted metals and Acid-volatile sulfide the amount of HS produced by the reaction can be calculated. A few important things should be noted about this reaction: Once the quantity (in moles) of AVS has been determined in this way, it is divided by the dry mass of the sediment to obtain the AVS concentration. In addition to the gravimetric method described here, other methods, such as colorimetry, may be used. As noted above, treating metals-containing sediments with HCl liberates metal ions into the acid solution that were previously bound up with AVS. After treatment these are present in solution, along with any metals that were