Ferns N Petals Ferns N Petals Ferns N Petals (FNP) is India's largest flower and gifts retailer and one of the largest flower retailers in the world with a network of 240 plus outlets across 93 cities (by Dec. 2016). It was started by Vikaas Gutgutia in 1994. The brand has served more than 4 million customers both online and offline. FNP also delivers gifts to more than 150 countries. Ferns N Petals Group comprises FNP Retail & Franchising, FNP E-commerce, FNP Weddings & Events, Floral Touch, FNP Select, FNP Dubai, FNP Gardens, FNP Floral Design School, GiftsByMeeta & Flagship store Mr. Vikaas
Plant defense against herbivory reproduction. Many models have been proposed to explore how and why some plants make this investment in defenses against herbivores. The optimal defense hypothesis attempts to explain how the kinds of defenses a particular plant might use reflect the threats each individual plant faces. This model considers three main factors, namely: risk of attack, value of the plant part, and the cost of defense. The first factor determining optimal defense is risk: how likely is it that a plant or certain plant parts will be attacked? This is also related to the "plant apparency hypothesis", which states that a plant