Seismic analysis and models the actual physics, much like common video games often have "physics engines". Very large and complex buildings can be modeled in this way (such as the Osaka International Convention Center). Structural analysis methods can be divided into the following five categories. This approach defines a series of forces acting on a building to represent the effect of earthquake ground motion, typically defined by a seismic design response spectrum. It assumes that the building responds in its fundamental mode. For this to be true, the building must be low-rise and must not twist significantly when the ground moves. The
Seismic interferometry used to estimate ground roll to aid in its removal. Seismic interferometry simplifies estimates of shear wave velocity and attenuation in a standing building. Seismic interferometry has been applied to image the seismic scattering and velocity structure of volcanoes. Increasingly, seismic interferometry is finding a place in exploration and production. SI can image dipping sediments adjacent to salt domes. Complex salt geometries are poorly resolved using traditional seismic reflection techniques. An alternative method calls for the use of downhole sources and receivers adjacent to subsurface salt features. It is often difficult to generate an ideal seismic signal in a downhole