Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association panel shipments in 2015. Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA) is the best-known body for solar photovoltaic energy companies in Japan. Founded on April 23, 1987, it has a number of objectives and activities, one of which is providing the JPEC certification for solar modules in the Japanese market. The association serves as a spokesperson for the photovoltaics energy industry in Japan. JPEA set a pathway for the photovoltaic industry in Japan to reach 100 GW by 2030, from roughly 30 GW in 2015. The group comprises multiple companies in the industry, and reported a 13% drop
Injective module Injective module In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory, an injective module is a module "Q" that shares certain desirable properties with the Z-module Q of all rational numbers. Specifically, if "Q" is a submodule of some other module, then it is already a direct summand of that module; also, given a submodule of a module "Y", then any module homomorphism from this submodule to "Q" can be extended to a homomorphism from all of "Y" to "Q". This concept is dual to that of projective modules. Injective modules were introduced in and are