Systematic Training for Effective Parenting Systematic Training for Effective Parenting Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) is a parent education program published as a series of books. STEP was developed and published by the psychologists Don Dinkmeyer Sr., Gary D. McKay and Don Dinkmeyer Jr. The publication was supplemented by an extensive concept for training and proliferation. STEP has reached more than 4 million parents and has been translated into Spanish, French, German, and Japanese. Korean and Chinese adaptations are in progress. STEP is based on Alfred Adler's individual psychology and the work of the psychologists Rudolf Dreikurs and Thomas Gordon. An evaluation of the
Effective number of parties of parties equals the effective number of parties only when all parties have equal strength. In any other case, the effective number of parties is lower than the actual number of parties. The effective number of parties is a frequent operationalization for the fragmentation of a party system. There are two major alternatives to the effective number of parties-measure. John K. Wildgen's index of "hyperfractionalization" accords special weight to small parties. Juan Molinar's index gives special weight to the largest party. Dunleavy and Boucek provide a useful critique of the Molinar index. According to Laakso and Taagepera (1979) the "effective