Effect of spaceflight on the human body for the astronauts. These joint torques and muscle forces could be used in conjunction with more fundamental computational simulations of bone remodeling and muscle adaptation in order to more completely model the end effects of such countermeasures, and determine whether a proposed exercise regime would be sufficient to sustain astronaut musculoskeletal health. The second effect of weightlessness takes place in human fluids. The body is made up of 60% water, much of it intra-vascular and inter-cellular. Within a few moments of entering a microgravity environment, fluid is immediately re-distributed to the upper body resulting in bulging neck veins, puffy face
ISAKOS - International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine the founding in 1995, the international conferences of ISAKOS have been held in almost all the world's continents. The first president of ISAKOS was Dr. Peter J. Fowler of Canada, in the years 1995 to 1997. For the 2015-2017 term, the society is chaired by Dr. Philippe Neyret of France. ISAKOS is a society with individuals interested in the fields of medicine and science and who have demonstrated an interest in knee surgery, arthroscopy and orthopaedic sports medicine. All members are membership of ISAKOS partner societies – Arthroscopy Association of North America (AANA), American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM),