British African-Caribbean people the wartime bombing, and the shortage led to some of the first clashes with the established white community. Clashes continued and worsened into the 1950s, and riots erupted in cities including London, Birmingham and Nottingham. In 1958, attacks in the London area of Notting Hill by white youths marred relations with West Indian residents, and the following year as a positive response by the Caribbean community an indoor carnival event organised by "West Indian Gazette" editor Claudia Jones took place in St Pancras Town Hall, and would be a precursor to what became the annual Notting Hill Carnival. Some of
Colorism in the Caribbean colonial settlers, fostered the notion within the communities of color that lighter skin is more attractive and favorable. While colorism affects all Caribbean countries, it varies from country to country. Author JeffriAnne Wilder, while conducting research for her book "Color Stories: Black Women and Colorism in the 21st Century", discovered that Afro-Caribbean identifying women had a tendency to qualify their statements about colorism with respect to their home country. During colonial times, the French created a "three tiered social structure" which put "grand blancs" (white elites) at the top and black slaves at the bottom. In between the two groups