Obstruent Obstruent An obstruent is a speech sound such as , , or that is formed by "obstructing" airflow. Obstruents contrast with sonorants, which have no such obstruction and so resonate. All obstruents are consonants, but sonorants include both vowels and consonants. Obstruents are subdivided into plosives (oral stops), such as , with complete occlusion of the vocal tract, often followed by a release burst; fricatives, such as , with limited closure, not stopping airflow but making it turbulent; and affricates, which begin with complete occlusion but then release into a fricative-like release, such as . Obstruents are prototypically voiceless, but
The Complete Farmer: Or, a General Dictionary of Husbandry citations from that work. In the preface of the first edition of "The Encyclopedia of Agriculture", John Claudius Loudon (1825) ranked "The Complete Farmer" among the foremost publications on rural matters of the early 19th century. According to Loudon: The subject of Agriculture admits of two grand divisions; the improvement and general management of landed property, which may be termed Territorial Economy; and the cultivation and treatment of its more useful animal and vegetable productions, which is called Husbandry, or Agriculture in a more limited sense of the term." "The Complete Farmer" embraced both of these departments. Loudon describes this