Pneumatic circuit following devices operate using compressed gases, but are not normally thought of as being pneumatic circuits: Pneumatic circuit A pneumatic circuit is an interconnected set of components that convert compressed gas (usually air) into mechanical work. In the normal sense of the term, the circuit must include a compressor or compressor-fed tank. The circuit comprises the following components: In general, based on the application, a pneumatic cylinder is usually a single acting cylinder, where there is a single port in the cylinder and where cylinder extension is done by compressed air and retraction by means of open coiled spring. In
Potential energy function associated with potential energy. This is done by introducing a parameterized curve γ(t)=r(t) from γ(a)=A to γ(b)=B, and computing, For the force field F, let v= dr/dt, then the gradient theorem yields, The power applied to a body by a force field is obtained from the gradient of the work, or potential, in the direction of the velocity v of the point of application, that is Examples of work that can be computed from potential functions are gravity and spring forces. For small height changes, gravitational potential energy can be computed using where m is the mass in kg,