Cut, copy, and paste Apple mapped the functionalities to key combinations consisting of the Command key (a special modifier key) held down while typing the letters X (for cut), C (for copy), and V (for paste), choosing a handful of keyboard shortcuts to control basic editing operations. The keys involved all cluster together at the left end of the bottom row of the standard QWERTY keyboard, and each key is combined with a special modifier key to perform the desired operation: The IBM Common User Access (CUA) standard also uses combinations of the Insert, Del, Shift and Control keys. Early versions of Windows used
Dvorak Simplified Keyboard layouts for English such as Colemak, but also for other languages such as the German Neo and the French BÉPO. Over the decades, symbol keys were shifted around the keyboard resulting in variations of the Dvorak design. During 1982, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) implemented a standard for the Dvorak layout known as ANSI X4.22-1983. This standard gave the Dvorak pattern official recognition as an alternative to the QWERTY keyboard. The pattern standardized by the ANSI differs from the original or "classic" pattern devised and promulgated by Dvorak. Indeed, the pattern promulgated publicly by Dvorak differed slightly from the