Mau Mau Uprising to them as "the White Mau Mau". Second, the brutality of Mau Mau attacks on civilians made it easy for the movement's opponents—including native Kenyan and loyalist security forces—to adopt a totally dehumanised view of Mau Mau adherents. A variety of persuasive techniques were initiated by the colonial authorities to punish and break Mau Mau's support: Baring ordered punitive communal-labour, collective fines and other collective punishments, and further confiscation of land and property. By early 1954, tens of thousands of head of livestock had been taken, and were allegedly never returned. Detailed accounts of the policy of seizing livestock from
Mau Mau Island Alfred Tredway White and Frederic Pratt with the requirement that it become parkland. In the 1930s, sand excavated during construction of the Belt Parkway was added to the island. Subsequently, patches of asphalt were laid on top to prevent the sand from blowing onto the nearby Marine Park Golf Course. In 2011, the New York City Parks Department began a restoration project on the island, with the goal of restoring salt marsh and bird habitat. Mau Mau Island Mau Mau Island, also called White Island, is a small uninhabited island in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, located between