Islam migrants ("Muhajirun"), Muhammad in Medina established his political and religious authority. The Constitution of Medina was formulated, instituting a number of rights and responsibilities for the Muslim, Jewish, Christian and pagan communities of Medina, bringing them within the fold of one community—the Ummah. The Constitution established: All the tribes signed the agreement to defend Medina from all external threats and to live in harmony amongst themselves. Within a few years, two battles took place against the Meccan forces: first, the Battle of Badr in 624 – a Muslim victory, and then a year later, when the Meccans returned to Medina,
Battle of the Hill of the Jews Battle of the Hill of the Jews The Battle of the Hill of the Jews (named by Miguel de Castanhoso for a community of Beta Israel who lived there) was a battle fought in Ethiopia in August 1542 between the Portuguese forces of Cristóvão da Gama and the Adal Muslim followers of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi. The Portuguese won the battle, capturing many horses that they could have used to exploit their victory in the previous battle of Jarte. The benefits of this victory were short-lived, for within the month da Gama was slain in Wofla even before his soldiers