Black belt (martial arts) of ability when using these tactics and are sometimes referred to as McDojos or belt factories. In some Japanese schools, after obtaining a black belt the student also begins to instruct, and may be referred to as a senpai (senior student) or sensei (teacher). In others, a black belt student should not be called sensei until they are sandan (third degree black belt), or the titles kyosa or sabom in Korean martial arts as second degree or higher, as this denotes a greater degree of experience and a sensei must have this and grasp of what is involved in teaching
Chinese martial arts muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called "external" (; ). Geographical association, as in "northern" (; ) and "southern" (; ), is another popular classification method. "Kung fu" and "wushu" are loanwords from Cantonese and Mandarin respectively that, in English, are used to refer to Chinese martial arts. However, the Chinese terms "kung fu" and "wushu" (; ) have distinct meanings. The Chinese equivalent of the term "Chinese martial arts" would be "Zhongguo wushu" () (Mandarin). In Chinese, the term "kung fu" () refers to any skill that is acquired through learning or practice. It is a compound word composed of