Application of Islamic law by country upon "authoritative Islamic sources and authentic fatwa". Book 2 of the Islamic Penal Code of Iran is entirely devoted to hudud punishments. Iranian application of sharia has been seen by scholars as highly flexible and directly contradicting traditional interpretations of the sharia. Article 1 of Civil Code identifies Islamic law as a main source of legislation. The 1958 Code, made polygamy extremely difficult, granted child custody to the mother in case of divorce, prohibited repudiation and marriage under the age of 16. In 1995, Iraq introduced Sharia punishment for certain types of criminal offenses. Iraq's legal system is based on
Sharia and securities trading call option as "extremely controversial among `traditional`" Islamic banking and finance scholars. Sharia and securities trading The Islamic banking and finance movement that developed in the late 20th century as part of the revival of Islamic identity, sought to create an alternative to conventional banking that complied with sharia (Islamic) law. Following sharia it banned from its practices "riba", (usury) — which it defined as any interest paid on all loans of money — and involvement in "haram" (forbidden) goods or services such as pork or alcohol. In addition, it also forbid gambling ("maisir") and excessive risk ("bayu al-gharar"). This