Solar panel Solar panel Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity. A photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged, connected assembly of typically 6x10 photovoltaic solar cells. Photovoltaic modules constitute the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system that generates and supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions (STC), and typically ranges from 100 to 365 Watts (W). The efficiency of a module determines the area of a module given the same rated output an 8% efficient 230 W module will have twice the
Galois module Z), as can be deduced from the theory of Gaussian periods (the Hilbert–Speiser theorem). On the other hand the Gaussian field does not. This is an example of a "necessary" condition found by Emmy Noether ("perhaps known earlier?"). What matters here is "tame" ramification. In terms of the discriminant "D" of "L", and taking still "K" = Q, no prime "p" must divide "D" to the power "p". Then Noether's theorem states that tame ramification is necessary and sufficient for "O" to be a projective module over Z["G"]. It is certainly therefore necessary for it to be a "free" module.