Alfred Pennyworth electrical engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, nanotechnology, and biotechnology as he singlehandedly builds, programs, and maintains much of Batman's next-generational technology such as the Batcomputer. was not introduced in the comics until after the series had ended production. Alfred Pennyworth is a supporting character in the "" franchise where he is voiced by Martin Jarvis and Hugh Fraser. Alfred Pennyworth appears in both "" and its sequel "", voiced by Enn Reitel. Alfred Pennyworth is featured in the "Smallville Season 11" digital comic based on the TV series. Alfred Pennyworth Alfred, most commonly (but not originally) named in full as
Butler–Volmer equation the surface is equal to that in the bulk. There are two limiting cases of the Butler–Volmer equation: where formula_21 and formula_22 are constants (for a given reaction and temperature) and are called the Tafel equation constants. The theoretical values of the Tafel equation constants are different for the cathodic and anodic processes. However, the Tafel slope formula_22 can be defined as: where formula_25 is the faradaic current, expressed as formula_26, being formula_27 and formula_28 the cathodic and anodic partial currents, respectively. Butler–Volmer equation The Butler–Volmer equation (named after John Alfred Valentine Butler and Max Volmer), also known as Erdey-Grúz–Volmer