Rhinitis causing the rhinitis. Rhinitis medicamentosa is a form of drug-induced nonallergic rhinitis which is associated with nasal congestion brought on by the use of certain oral medications (primarily sympathomimetic amine and 2-imidazoline derivatives) and topical decongestants (e.g., oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, xylometazoline, and naphazoline nasal sprays) that constrict the blood vessels in the lining of the nose. Chronic rhinitis is a form of atrophy of the mucous membrane and glands of the nose. Chronic form of dryness of the mucous membranes. Chronic rhinitis associated with polyps in the nasal cavity. Most prominent pathological changes observed are nasal airway epithelial metaplasia in which
Post-nasal drip consequently triggering a cough which becomes more pronounced in some cases due to heightened response to various infection GERD is often associated with a high prevalence of upper respiratory symptoms similar to PNDS such as coughing, throat clearing, hoarseness and change in voice. Reflux causes throat irritation, leading to a sensation of increased mucus in the throat which is believed to aggravate and in some cases cause post-nasal drip. Post-nasal drip can be a cause of laryngeal inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, leading to symptoms of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD). A prolonged period of examination which bases itself on information gathered from