Binary number in hexadecimal) and then converting (formula_12 in hexadecimal) into (formula_12 in decimal). For very large numbers, these simple methods are inefficient because they perform a large number of multiplications or divisions where one operand is very large. A simple divide-and-conquer algorithm is more effective asymptotically: given a binary number, it is divided by 10, where "k" is chosen so that the quotient roughly equals the remainder; then each of these pieces is converted to decimal and the two are concatenated. Given a decimal number, it can be split into two pieces of about the same size, each of which is
Transfer DNA binary system Transfer DNA binary system A transfer DNA (T-DNA) binary system is a pair of plasmids consisting of a binary plasmid and a helper plasmid. The two plasmids are used together (thus "binary") to produce genetically modified plants. They are artificial vectors that have both been created from the naturally occurring Ti plasmid found in "Agrobacterium tumefaciens". The binary vector is a "shuttle vector", so-called because it is able to replicate in multiple hosts ("E. coli" and "Agrobacterium tumefaciens"). Systems in which T-DNA and vir genes are located on separate replicons are called T-DNA binary systems. T-DNA is located on the