Grandmaster (martial arts) of "Dan" rankings and Black belt and Red belt in martial arts both derive from Judo where they were adopted by its founder Kanō Jigorō. There are many terms similar or equivalent to 'grandmaster' used by various martial arts traditions. Some of these terms derive from older systems, while others are relatively modern. Japanese martial arts commonly use Sensei (先生) meaning "teacher" or literally translated, "born first" or "one who has gone before". A "Sensei" is a person who has knowledge and is willing to teach that knowledge to another. A "Sensei" assists students in "ken shiki" "the pursuit of
Chinese martial arts muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called "external" (; ). Geographical association, as in "northern" (; ) and "southern" (; ), is another popular classification method. "Kung fu" and "wushu" are loanwords from Cantonese and Mandarin respectively that, in English, are used to refer to Chinese martial arts. However, the Chinese terms "kung fu" and "wushu" (; ) have distinct meanings. The Chinese equivalent of the term "Chinese martial arts" would be "Zhongguo wushu" () (Mandarin). In Chinese, the term "kung fu" () refers to any skill that is acquired through learning or practice. It is a compound word composed of