Alfred Pennyworth attack and beat Alfred in front of Bruce and Jezebel Jet, severely injuring him. In the same issue, a reporter from "The Gotham Gazette" suggests to Commissioner Gordon that Alfred may be Bruce's biological father and that this may be a reason for the murder of Martha Wayne. Alfred later denies the entire story, agreeing with Bruce that it was a fabrication. In Batman and the Outsiders Special, Alfred is seen apologizing at the graves of Thomas and Martha Wayne at the loss of Bruce, commenting that he grieves as a parent, regarding Bruce as his son. Later, a secret
Butler–Volmer equation the surface is equal to that in the bulk. There are two limiting cases of the Butler–Volmer equation: where formula_21 and formula_22 are constants (for a given reaction and temperature) and are called the Tafel equation constants. The theoretical values of the Tafel equation constants are different for the cathodic and anodic processes. However, the Tafel slope formula_22 can be defined as: where formula_25 is the faradaic current, expressed as formula_26, being formula_27 and formula_28 the cathodic and anodic partial currents, respectively. Butler–Volmer equation The Butler–Volmer equation (named after John Alfred Valentine Butler and Max Volmer), also known as Erdey-Grúz–Volmer