Neologism include "laser" (1960) from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, "robotics" (1941), "agitprop" (1930). The term "neologism" is first attested in English in 1772, borrowed from French "néologisme" (1734). A proponent of a new word or doctrine may be called a neologist. Neologists might study cultural and ethnic vernacular. The term "neologism" has a broader meaning that includes not only "an entirely new lexical item" but also an existing word whose meaning has been altered. Sometimes, the latter process is called "semantic shifting", or "semantic extension". Neologisms are distinct from a person's "idiolect", one's unique patterns of vocabulary, grammar,
Stimulated emission an atomic or molecular resonance, the spectral line shape function is described as a Lorentzian distribution where formula_12 is the full width at half maximum or FWHM bandwidth. The peak value of the Lorentzian line shape occurs at the line center, formula_13. A line shape function can be normalized so that its value at formula_9 is unity; in the case of a Lorentzian we obtain Thus stimulated emission at frequencies away from formula_9 is reduced by this factor. In practice there may also be broadening of the line shape due to inhomogeneous broadening, most notably due to the Doppler effect