Pneumatic circuit following devices operate using compressed gases, but are not normally thought of as being pneumatic circuits: Pneumatic circuit A pneumatic circuit is an interconnected set of components that convert compressed gas (usually air) into mechanical work. In the normal sense of the term, the circuit must include a compressor or compressor-fed tank. The circuit comprises the following components: In general, based on the application, a pneumatic cylinder is usually a single acting cylinder, where there is a single port in the cylinder and where cylinder extension is done by compressed air and retraction by means of open coiled spring. In
Electric potential energy terms of the electric field in the form where formula_13 is the displacement of the electric field within a dielectric material and integration is over the entire volume of the dielectric. The total electrostatic potential energy stored within a charged dielectric may also be expressed in terms of a continuous volume charge, formula_14, where integration is over the entire volume of the dielectric. These latter two expressions are valid only for cases when the smallest increment of charge is zero (formula_16) such as dielectrics in the presence of metallic electrodes or dielectrics containing many charges. Electric potential energy Electric potential