Islam migrants ("Muhajirun"), Muhammad in Medina established his political and religious authority. The Constitution of Medina was formulated, instituting a number of rights and responsibilities for the Muslim, Jewish, Christian and pagan communities of Medina, bringing them within the fold of one community—the Ummah. The Constitution established: All the tribes signed the agreement to defend Medina from all external threats and to live in harmony amongst themselves. Within a few years, two battles took place against the Meccan forces: first, the Battle of Badr in 624 – a Muslim victory, and then a year later, when the Meccans returned to Medina,
Battle of the Trench Watt conjectures that the Meccans at this point began to contemplate that conversion to Islam would be the most prudent option. The main contemporary source of the battle is the 33rd Surah of the Quran. The Sunni Muslim Mufassir Ibn Kathir mentions that is about this incident in his book Tafsir ibn Kathir, and his commentary on this verse mentions the reason and event of the Battle, his commentary is as follows: The event is referenced in the Sunni, Hadith collection Sahih al-Bukhari, it mentions the death of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, as follows: The Sahih al-Bukhari collection also mentions that