Royal cypher Royal cypher In modern heraldry, a royal cypher is a monogram-like device of a country's reigning sovereign, typically consisting of the initials of the monarch's name and title, sometimes interwoven and often surmounted by a crown. Where such a cypher is used by an emperor or empress, it is called an "imperial cypher". In the system used by various Commonwealth realms, the title is abbreviated as "R" for "rex" or "regina" (Latin for "king" and "queen"). Previously, "I" stood for "imperator" or "imperatrix" (Latin words for "emperor" and "empress") of India. The cypher is displayed on some government buildings, impressed
A Latin Dictionary that the "OLD" is considerably less useful. The "Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources" supplements the "OLD" for medieval usage of Latin words. In cases where Lewis and Short do not answer a medieval usage question, J. F. Niermeyer's "Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus" often supplies an answer. The "Lexicon Minus" was completed in 1976 by C. van de Kieft after Niermeyer's death, and has since become a standard reference work. More recent editions of the "Lexicon Minus" have corrections and expansions; also, in later editions all words are defined in English, French and German, making it of greater international