University of Portsmouth a £15,000 grant to work with elderly residents in the city. The university has four main media outlets. "The Galleon" the student newspaper, "Pugwash" the student magazine and is the oldest student media attached to the university, "Victory Studios" the student television station and Victory Radio the student radio station, which works alongside local radio stations including Express FM. Notable students of the University of Portsmouth and its predecessor institutions include University of Portsmouth The University of Portsmouth is a public university in the city of Portsmouth, Hampshire, England. The history of the university dates back to 1908, when the
Effective number of parties Effective number of parties The effective number of parties is a concept introduced by Laakso and Taagepera (1979) which provides for an adjusted number of political parties in a country's party system. The idea behind this measure is to count parties and, at the same time, to weight the count by their relative strength. The relative strength refers to their vote share ("effective number of electoral parties") or seat share in the parliament ("effective number of parliamentary parties"). This measure is especially useful when comparing electoral systems across countries, as is done in the field of political science. The number