Nasal spray efficient way of transporting drugs with potential use in crossing the blood–brain barrier. Antihistamines work by competing for receptor sites to block the function of histamine, thereby reducing the inflammatory effect. Antihistamine nasal sprays include: Corticosteroid nasal sprays can be used to relieve the symptoms of sinusitis, hay fever, allergic rhinitis and non-allergic (perennial) rhinitis. They can reduce inflammation and histamine production in the nasal passages, and have been shown to relieve nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy nose and sneezing. Side effects may include headaches, nausea and nose bleeds. Corticosteroid nasal sprays include: Influenza vaccine is available in the form
Nasal concha in the ankylosaurid dinosaur "Saichania". Nasal concha In anatomy, a nasal concha (), plural conchae (), also called a turbinate or turbinal, is a long, narrow, curled shelf of bone that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose in humans and various animals. The conchae are shaped like an elongated seashell, which gave them their name (Latin "concha" from Greek "κόγχη"). A concha is any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in vertebrates. In humans, the conchae divide the nasal airway into 4 groove-like air passages, and are responsible for forcing inhaled air to flow in