Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association panel shipments in 2015. Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA) is the best-known body for solar photovoltaic energy companies in Japan. Founded on April 23, 1987, it has a number of objectives and activities, one of which is providing the JPEC certification for solar modules in the Japanese market. The association serves as a spokesperson for the photovoltaics energy industry in Japan. JPEA set a pathway for the photovoltaic industry in Japan to reach 100 GW by 2030, from roughly 30 GW in 2015. The group comprises multiple companies in the industry, and reported a 13% drop
Localization of a module Localization of a module In algebraic geometry, the localization of a module is a construction to introduce denominators in a module for a ring. More precisely, it is a systematic way to construct a new module "S""M" out of a given module "M" containing algebraic fractions where the denominators "s" range in a given subset "S" of "R". The technique has become fundamental, particularly in algebraic geometry, as the link between modules and sheaf theory. Localization of a module generalizes localization of a ring. In this article, let "R" be a commutative ring and "M" an "R"-module. Let "S" be