Seismic moment Seismic moment Seismic moment is a quantity used by seismologists to measure the size of an earthquake. The scalar seismic moment formula_1 is defined by the equation formula_2, where formula_1 thus has dimensions of torque, measured in newton meters. The connection between seismic moment and a torque is natural in the representation of seismic sources as a pair of force couples. Seismic moment is not a measure of energy. The relations between seismic moment, potential energy drop and radiated energy are indirect and approximative. The seismic moment of an earthquake is typically estimated using whatever information is available to constrain
Prevalence effect of success and the stakes are low. Some searches combine low prevalence with high stakes; medical screenings such as mammography or cytopathology, is an important search for a target rarely present (typically under one percent). Missing a rare target, such as a weapon smuggled onto an airplane, may have serious consequences. The prevalence effect is influenced by top-down control of a future prospect or the bottom-up priming of past experience. Top-down refers to the expectation effect: knowledge of what will happen next. The bottom-up, repetition effect is produced by the sharing of properties by current and preceding stimuli. Observers may