Engine (such as pneumatic motors), springs (clockwork motors) and elastic bands. Historic military siege engines included large catapults, trebuchets, and (to some extent) battering rams were powered by potential energy. A pneumatic motor is a machine that converts potential energy in the form of compressed air into mechanical work. Pneumatic motors generally convert the compressed air to mechanical work though either linear or rotary motion. Linear motion can come from either a diaphragm or piston actuator, while rotary motion is supplied by either a vane type air motor or piston air motor. Pneumatic motors have found widespread success in the hand-held
Potential energy of protein apart. The potential energy contribution of this interaction is defined over S, set of atoms with van der Waals interaction, as: E = Σ ε [ (σ/r) - 2(σ/r)] where: r distance between atoms σ distance at Van der Waals energy is minimum Potential energy of protein Internal potential energy of a molecule in molecular mechanics is described by a system of functions known as forced field. The potential energy usually includes several terms: E = E+ E+ E + E +E When two atoms are connected by a chemical bond, they tend to maintain a fixed distance. The fixed