Palladium Palladium Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas. Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). These have similar chemical properties, but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them. More than half the supply of palladium
Warburg element There are two special conditions of finite-length Warburg elements: the Warburg Short (W) for a transmissive boundary, and the Warburg Open (W) for a reflective boundary. This element describes the impedance of a finite-length diffusion with transmissive boundary. It is described by the following equation: This element describes the impedance of a finite-length diffusion with reflective boundary. It is described by the following equation: Warburg element The Warburg diffusion element is an equivalent electrical circuit component that models the diffusion process in dielectric spectroscopy. That element is named after German physicist Emil Warburg. A Warburg impedance element can be difficult