Alfred Pennyworth providing comic relief with his sarcastic and cynical attitude which often adds humor to dialogue with Batman. A vital part of the Batman mythos, Alfred was nominated for the Wizard Fan Award for Favorite Supporting Male Character in 1994. In non-comics media, the character has been portrayed by noted actors William Austin, Eric Wilton, Michael Gough, Michael Caine, and Jeremy Irons on film and by Alan Napier, Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., Ian Abercrombie, David McCallum, and Sean Pertwee on television. The character first appeared in "Batman" #16 (April 1943), by writer Don Cameron and artist Bob Kane. Evidence suggests that Alfred
Butler–Volmer equation the surface is equal to that in the bulk. There are two limiting cases of the Butler–Volmer equation: where formula_21 and formula_22 are constants (for a given reaction and temperature) and are called the Tafel equation constants. The theoretical values of the Tafel equation constants are different for the cathodic and anodic processes. However, the Tafel slope formula_22 can be defined as: where formula_25 is the faradaic current, expressed as formula_26, being formula_27 and formula_28 the cathodic and anodic partial currents, respectively. Butler–Volmer equation The Butler–Volmer equation (named after John Alfred Valentine Butler and Max Volmer), also known as Erdey-Grúz–Volmer