Microfracture surgery due to a lack of studies on the long-term effects and the fact that an unsuccessful surgery could end an athlete's career. Dr. Steadman has also adapted the surgery into a treatment to help reattach torn ligaments (a technique he calls the "healing response") The surgery is performed by arthroscopy, after the joint is cleaned of calcified cartilage. Through use of an awl, the surgeon creates tiny fractures in the subchondral bone plate. Blood and bone marrow (which contains stem cells) seep out of the fractures, creating a blood clot that releases cartilage-building cells. The microfractures are treated as an
ISAKOS - International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine the founding in 1995, the international conferences of ISAKOS have been held in almost all the world's continents. The first president of ISAKOS was Dr. Peter J. Fowler of Canada, in the years 1995 to 1997. For the 2015-2017 term, the society is chaired by Dr. Philippe Neyret of France. ISAKOS is a society with individuals interested in the fields of medicine and science and who have demonstrated an interest in knee surgery, arthroscopy and orthopaedic sports medicine. All members are membership of ISAKOS partner societies – Arthroscopy Association of North America (AANA), American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM),