Martin scale match the Martin–Schultz scale, which is still used in biological anthropology. Older versions of the Martin scale eye color chart have the following color divisions: Martin scale The Martin scale is an older version of color scale commonly used in physical anthropology to establish more or less precisely the eye color of an individual; it was created by the anthropologist Martin in the first half of the 20th century. Later he improved this scale with cooperation of Dr. Schulz – the Martin-Schultz scale. The original Martin scale, summarized below, consists of 16 colors (from light blue to dark brown-black) that
Albinism in humans due to genetic factors. These include notably the Native American Kuna, Zuni and Hopi nations (respectively of Panama, New Mexico and Arizona); Japan, in which one particular form of albinism is unusually common; and Ukerewe Island, the population of which shows a very high incidence of albinism. In physical terms, humans with albinism commonly have visual problems and need sun protection. Humans with albinism often face social and cultural challenges (even threats), as the condition is often a source of ridicule, discrimination, or even fear and violence. It is especially socially stigmatised in many African societies. A study conducted in