Chutzpah renders others speechless and incredulous ... one cannot quite believe that another person totally lacks common human traits like remorse, regret, guilt, sympathy and insight. The implication is at least some degree of psychopathy in the subject, as well as the awestruck amazement of the observer at the display. The cognate of "chutzpah" in Classical Arabic, "" (), does not mean "impudence" or "cheekiness" or anything similar, but rather "sound judgment". Rabbi Harold M. Schulweis distinguishes the meaning of "chutzpah" as stubbornness and contrariness from what he calls a tradition of "spiritual audacity" or ""chutzpah klapei shmaya"": As an example,
Yiddish "Yiddish music": klezmer). Prior to the Holocaust, there were 11–13 million speakers of Yiddish among 17 million Jews worldwide. 85% of the approximately 6 million Jews who died in the Holocaust were Yiddish speakers, leading to a massive decline in the use of the language. Assimilation following World War II and "aliyah", immigration to Israel, further decreased the use of Yiddish both among survivors and among Yiddish-speakers from other countries (such as in the Americas). However, the number of speakers is increasing in Hasidic communities. The established view is that, as with other Jewish languages, Jews speaking distinct languages learned