Logarithmic number system Logarithmic number system A logarithmic number system (LNS) is an arithmetic system used for representing real numbers in computer and digital hardware, especially for digital signal processing. In an LNS, a number, formula_1, is represented by the logarithm, formula_2, of its absolute value as follows: where formula_4 is a bit denoting the sign of formula_1 (formula_6 if formula_7 and formula_8 if formula_9). The number formula_2 is represented by a binary word which usually is in the two's complement format. An LNS can be considered as a floating-point number with the significand being always equal to 1 and a non-integer exponent.
Transfer DNA binary system marker entering the host last (due to its location next to the left border) so any expression of the marker will result in full transgene integration. Transfer DNA binary system A transfer DNA (T-DNA) binary system is a pair of plasmids consisting of a binary plasmid and a helper plasmid. The two plasmids are used together (thus "binary") to produce genetically modified plants. They are artificial vectors that have both been created from the naturally occurring Ti plasmid found in "Agrobacterium tumefaciens". The binary vector is a "shuttle vector", so-called because it is able to replicate in multiple hosts ("E.