Berliner Gramophone formulations remained the standard disc record material until the first vinyl records – initially made only for radio use and other special applications – were introduced in the 1930s. Beginning in 1896, Berliner's gramophones were made by Philadelphia-based machinist Eldridge Johnson, who added a spring motor to drive the previously hand-rotated turntable. Berliner also opened an office in New York City, staffed by Frank Seaman and O. D. LaDow and organized as the National Gramophone Company. Master recordings were made onto zinc plates, which were then electroplated and a negative-image "mother" made from them to stamp discs. A major reversal
The City Of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society The City Of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society The City Of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society (CLPGS) is an English society and registered charity dedicated to the research in all aspects of early recorded sound. Founded in 1919, the CLPGS is most likely the oldest society of its type in the world. The CLPGS was founded under the name "The Edison Society" in 1919, when Norman Hillyer and some members of the North London Phonograph and Gramophone Society decided that a group was needed within the City of London. The founding members agreed to approach Thomas Edison to ask if