Kaiser effect (material science) Kaiser effect (material science) The Kaiser effect is a phenomenon observed in geology and material science that describes a pattern of acoustic emission or seismicity in a body of rock or other material subjected to repeated cycles of mechanical stress. In material that exhibits an initial seismic response under a certain load, the Kaiser effect describes the absence of acoustic emission or seismic events until that load is exceeded. The Kaiser effect results from discontinuities (fractures) created in material during previous steps that do not move, expand, or propagate until the former stress is exceeded. Induced seismicity associated with fluid
Seismic risk condition. Acquiring and analyzing the specific data for an individual building or facility is one of the most expensive and daunting aspects of seismic risk estimation. Progress is made if one can calculate the 'fragility' or seismic capacity of the components within a structure. In 1999, ASTM produced guidelines for reporting seismic loss estimates on commercial properties, commonly known as Probable Maximum Loss or PML reviews. These guidelines specify the scope of work, qualifications of the reviewer, and proper nomenclature for reporting loss estimates. Seismic risk can be reduced by active programs that improve emergency response, and improve basic infrastructure.