Conservation and restoration of feathers shaft and the vane. The shaft is composed of the calamus and the rachis. The calamus can also be called the quill and is the hollow portion of the shaft that enters the skin follicle. While the rachis is the solid portion of the shaft where the barbs attach. The vane extends to either side of the rachis and is made up of interconnecting barbs. This is considered the most substantial portion of the feather. Removing debris and organic matter from feathers is a key step in the conservation process. Here are several of the ways that feathers are typically
Calamus caryotoides Calamus caryotoides Calamus caryotoides (also "Palmijuncus caryotoides"), more commonly known as fishtail lawyer cane is a North-East Queensland tropical forest climbing palm with very thin () flexible trunks; no crownshaft; small spikes; dark green, glossy, fish-tail shaped leaves reaching up to high ( spread); and very thin hooked flagella. It tends to clump and grow up into the shaded understory of Queensland's wet tropical forests, and is a close relative of the more infamous "Calamus radicalis" (aka Wait-a-While). The Cairns Botanical Gardens records local Yidinydji, Yirrganyydji, Djabuganydji, and Gungganydji use "Calamus caryotoides" (also known to Yidinydji as Bugul, pronounced BOOK-KOOL)