Photovoltaic mounting system at the same angle as the latitude of array's location to maximize the annual energy yield of module. For example, rooftop PV module at the tropics provides highest annual energy yield when inclination of panel surface is close to horizontal direction. A study in the tropics showed that the orientation of low-slope rooftop PV has negligible impact on annual energy yield, but in the case of PV external sunshade applications, east façade and panel slope of 30–40° are the most suitable location and inclination. Photovoltaic mounting system Photovoltaic mounting systems (also called solar module racking) are used to fix solar
Photovoltaic effect electric energy. The photovoltaic effect can also occur when two photons are absorbed simultaneously in a process called two-photon photovoltaic effect... The photovoltaic effect was first observed by French physicist A. E. Becquerel in 1839. He explained his discovery in "Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences", "the production of an electric current when two plates of platinum or gold immersed in an acid, neutral, or alkaline solution are exposed in an uneven way to solar radiation." Besides the direct excitation of free electrons, a photovoltaic effect can also arise simply due to the heating caused by absorption of the light.