Solar panel Solar panel Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity. A photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged, connected assembly of typically 6x10 photovoltaic solar cells. Photovoltaic modules constitute the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system that generates and supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions (STC), and typically ranges from 100 to 365 Watts (W). The efficiency of a module determines the area of a module given the same rated output an 8% efficient 230 W module will have twice the
G-module G-module In mathematics, given a group "G", a "G"-module is an abelian group "M" on which "G" acts compatibly with the abelian group structure on "M". This widely applicable notion generalizes that of a representation of "G". Group (co)homology provides an important set of tools for studying general "G"-modules. The term "G"-module is also used for the more general notion of an "R"-module on which "G" acts linearly (i.e. as a group of "R"-module automorphisms). Let "G" be a group. A left "G"-module consists of an abelian group "M" together with a left group action ρ : "G"×"M" → "M"