Islam migrants ("Muhajirun"), Muhammad in Medina established his political and religious authority. The Constitution of Medina was formulated, instituting a number of rights and responsibilities for the Muslim, Jewish, Christian and pagan communities of Medina, bringing them within the fold of one community—the Ummah. The Constitution established: All the tribes signed the agreement to defend Medina from all external threats and to live in harmony amongst themselves. Within a few years, two battles took place against the Meccan forces: first, the Battle of Badr in 624 – a Muslim victory, and then a year later, when the Meccans returned to Medina,
Battle of Montgisard Battle of Montgisard The Battle of Montgisard was fought between the Ayyubids and the Kingdom of Jerusalem on 25 November 1177. The 16-year-old King Baldwin IV, seriously afflicted by leprosy, led an out-numbered Christian force against the army of Saladin. The Muslim army was quickly routed and pursued for twelve miles. Saladin fled back to Cairo, reaching the city on 8 December. Muslim historians considered Saladin's defeat to be so severe that it was only redeemed by his victory at the Horns of Hattin in 1187. In 1177, King Baldwin IV, and Philip of Alsace who had recently arrived on