Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA) is the best-known body for solar photovoltaic energy companies in Japan. Founded on April 23, 1987, it has a number of objectives and activities, one of which is providing the JPEC certification for solar modules in the Japanese market. The association serves as a spokesperson for the photovoltaics energy industry in Japan. JPEA set a pathway for the photovoltaic industry in Japan to reach 100 GW by 2030, from roughly 30 GW in 2015. The group comprises multiple companies in the industry, and reported a 13% drop in total photovoltaic solar
Length of a module formal algebraic geometry. Let "M" be a (left or right) module over some ring "R". Given a chain of submodules of "M" of the form we say that "n" is the "length" of the chain. The length of "M" is defined to be the largest length of any of its chains. If no such largest length exists, we say that "M" has infinite length. A ring "R" is said to have finite length as a ring if it has finite length as left "R" module. The zero module is the only one with length 0. Modules with length 1 are