Pneumatic circuit following devices operate using compressed gases, but are not normally thought of as being pneumatic circuits: Pneumatic circuit A pneumatic circuit is an interconnected set of components that convert compressed gas (usually air) into mechanical work. In the normal sense of the term, the circuit must include a compressor or compressor-fed tank. The circuit comprises the following components: In general, based on the application, a pneumatic cylinder is usually a single acting cylinder, where there is a single port in the cylinder and where cylinder extension is done by compressed air and retraction by means of open coiled spring. In
Losses in steam turbines Losses in steam turbines Any turbomachine extracts energy from high-pressure steam and converts it into shaft work. The total energy content available in steam supplied to the steam turbine is not completely recovered in the form of mechanical energy. There are certain losses in energy of steam which occur inside a turbine... In practice the flow of steam through nozzle is not isentropic, but accompanied with losses which decrease the kinetic energy of steam coming out of the nozzle. The decrease in kinetic energy is due to the following reasons Steam leaves the boiler and reaches the condenser after passing