Islamic criminal law in Aceh sharia courts hear and rule on both civil cases under Islamic law (such as divorce and inheritance) and criminal law under the "qanuns". However, civil cases continue to be the vast majority of cases heard by the court. In 2016 the courts received 10,888 first instance civil cases and 131 appeals, compared to 324 first instance criminal cases and 15 appeals. The sharia courts are part of the broader Indonesian legal system. Their decisions can be appealed to the Supreme Court, and their judges (including the chief judge) are appointed by the Supreme Court. Amnesty International said that they are
Application of Islamic law by country Local qadis (sharia judges) have jurisdiction over personal status and family law issues. Islamic and customary law apply. Application of Islamic law by country Since the early Islamic states of the eighth and ninth centuries, Islamic law (known in Arabic as sharia) always existed alongside other normative systems. Within sharia, some crimes are known as "hudud", for which there are specific penalties specified by Islam. For example, according to some interpretations, adultery is punished by stoning, fornication and the consumption of alcohol by lashing, and theft by the amputation of limbs. Many predominately Muslim countries have not adopted "hudud" penalties