Soil texture are the medium-sized (0.05 - 0.002 mm) and sink to the bottom of the cylinder after the sand. Clay particles are the smallest (<0.002 mm) and separate out above the silt layer. Measurements are taken using a soil hydrometer. A soil hydrometer measures that relative density of liquids (density of a liquid to the density of water). The hydrometer is lowered into the cylinder containing the soil mixture at different times, forty-five seconds to measure sand content, one and a half hours to measure silt content and between six and twenty-four hours (depending on the protocol used) to measure clay.
Granular convection slipped below them. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles in a single year speeds up the process. This phenomenon is one of the causes of inverse grading which can be observed in many situations including soil liquefaction during earthquakes or mudslides. Granular convection is also exemplified by debris flow, which is a fast moving, liquefied landslide of unconsolidated, saturated debris that looks like flowing concrete. These flows can carry material ranging in size from clay to boulders, including woody debris such as logs and tree stumps. Flows can be triggered by intense rainfall, glacial melt, or a combination of the two. Granular convection