Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collectors, also known as hybrid PV/T (PVT) or solar cogeneration systems, are power generation technologies that convert solar radiation into usable thermal and electrical energy. Such systems combine a solar cell, which converts sunlight into electricity, with a solar thermal collector, which captures the remaining energy and removes waste heat from the PV module. These technologies can be more energy efficient overall than solar photovoltaic (PV) or solar thermal alone. Significant research has gone into developing a diverse range of PV/T technologies since the 1970s.. While many collector types have been
Mir Docking Module November, leaving STS-71 as the only Shuttle-"Mir" docking mission requiring "Kristall" to be relocated. In addition to simplifying space shuttle docking missions, "Mir"'s docking module was also used as a carrier for two new photovoltaic arrays, mounted to the module in boxes, which were later deployed on "Kvant"-1 during spacewalks. The first, the "Mir" Cooperative Solar Array, was jointly designed by NASA and Russia in order to test designs for the future International Space Station. The array was 42 m² in area, and provided 6.7 kW of power when installed on the station during expedition EO-21 in 1996. The array