English as a lingua franca the fore. English as a lingua franca English as a lingua franca (ELF) is the use of the English language as "a common means of communication for speakers of different first languages". ELF is also "defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to native-speaker norms" whereas English as a foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to native speaker cultural aspects. While lingua francas have been used for centuries, what makes ELF a novel phenomenon is the extent to which it is used – both functionally and geographically. A
Mediated cross-border communication remain stable. Research on mediated cross-border communication can be found in a growing number of specialized scientific journals: Several academic associations cover issues related to mediated cross-border communication in specialized sections and working groups: Mediated cross-border communication Jhat putali communication is a scholarly field in communication studies and refers to any mediated form of communication in the course of which nation state or cultural borders are crossed or even get transgressed and undermined (e.g., world news, satellite television, transnational media events). The expression serves as an umbrella term that encompasses different research approaches (e.g., international communication, transnational communication) that can