Berliner Gramophone formulations remained the standard disc record material until the first vinyl records – initially made only for radio use and other special applications – were introduced in the 1930s. Beginning in 1896, Berliner's gramophones were made by Philadelphia-based machinist Eldridge Johnson, who added a spring motor to drive the previously hand-rotated turntable. Berliner also opened an office in New York City, staffed by Frank Seaman and O. D. LaDow and organized as the National Gramophone Company. Master recordings were made onto zinc plates, which were then electroplated and a negative-image "mother" made from them to stamp discs. A major reversal
Gramophone (film) Gramophone (film) Gramaphone is a 2003 Malayalam musical drama film by Kamal starring Dileep, Meera Jasmine and Navya Nair. Sachidanandan (Dileep) runs an antique shop in the Jewish street at Kochi. He is famous for old Gramophone records. Jennifer (Meera Jasmine), Pattu Set (Oduvil Unnikrishnan), ‘Saigal’ Yousuf and Tabla Bhaskaran (Salim Kumar) are Sachi's father's close friends. Sachi's father was Raveendranathan (Murali) who was a great music director who died leaving him with a lot of musical instruments and some gramophone records. Sachi hates music, as he believes that his father has not made any money out of it. Aryadevi,