Seismic magnitude scales the amount of slip, the area of the surface ruptured or slipped, and a factor for the resistance or friction encountered. These factors can be estimated for an existing fault to determine the magnitude of past earthquakes, or what might be anticipated for the future. An earthquake's seismic moment can be estimated in various ways, which are the bases of the M, M, M, M, M, M, and M scales, all subtypes of the generic M scale. See for details. Seismic moment is considered the most objective measure of an earthquake's "size" in regard of total energy. However, it is
Venus effect viewers see is different from what the actor sees, because the camera is not right behind the actor, but the position of the actor is often chosen so that his or her image is nicely framed in the mirror for the camera. Although the name of the effect refers to a woman, Venus, the effect is more general. The effect is seen with an animal apparently looking at itself in a mirror in "The Lady and the Unicorn" (French: "La Dame à la licorne") tapestries, where the unicorn appears to be gazing at its own reflection as it kneels on