Phoenix atlantica in 1935 by the French botanist Auguste Chevalier. Its appearance is very similar to "Phoenix dactylifera", being more similar in form to "P. dactylifera" than to "Phoenix canariensis", and possessing characters of both. Tamareira is a clustering palm with 2 to 6 trunks, 5–15 m in height with dark green leaves 2–3 m in length. "P. atlantica" can be distinguished easily from "P. canariensis" by its clustering growth form and its shorter, straighter leaves. The Canary Island date palm is adapted to a wetter climate and cooler temperatures, down to −8 °C. Other distinctions between "P. atlantica" and "P. dactylifera"
Fruit tree propagation resistant to crown rot and less susceptible to drought than most other dwarfing stocks. Produces large fruit, is precocious and hardy to USDA zone 3. "M" designates Malling series developed stocks. East Malling Research is a pioneer in the development of dwarfing rootstocks. East Malling Research Station in Kent, England collected clones of the Paradise stocks from France in 1912 from which 24 "M" were designated with no particular order to the rootstock characteristics other than where they were located in the garden at the time the numbers were assigned. In other words, M.2 is a larger tree than M.9,