Ploughman's lunch a character comment that "A rural labourer who sits on the ditch-side with his bread and cheese and an onion has more enjoyment out of it than any Lucullus". The "Oxford English Dictionary" notes the first recorded use of the phrase "ploughman's lunch" as 1837, from the book "Memoirs of the life of Sir Walter Scott" by John G. Lockhart, but this stray early use may have meant merely the sum of its parts, "a lunch for a ploughman". While farm labourers usually carried their food with them to eat in the fields, similar food was for a long time
No free lunch with vanishing risk If formula_6 is a semimartingale with values in formula_7 then "S" does not allow for a free lunch with vanishing risk if and only if there exists an equivalent martingale measure formula_8 such that "S" is a sigma-martingale under formula_8. No free lunch with vanishing risk No free lunch with vanishing risk (NFLVR) is a no-arbitrage argument. We have "free lunch with vanishing risk" if by utilizing a sequence of time self-financing portfolios which converge to an arbitrage strategy, we can approximate a self-financing portfolio (called the "free lunch with vanishing risk"). For a semimartingale "S", let formula_1 where a