Microfracture surgery due to a lack of studies on the long-term effects and the fact that an unsuccessful surgery could end an athlete's career. Dr. Steadman has also adapted the surgery into a treatment to help reattach torn ligaments (a technique he calls the "healing response") The surgery is performed by arthroscopy, after the joint is cleaned of calcified cartilage. Through use of an awl, the surgeon creates tiny fractures in the subchondral bone plate. Blood and bone marrow (which contains stem cells) seep out of the fractures, creating a blood clot that releases cartilage-building cells. The microfractures are treated as an
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy as three relatively thin issues in 1993, its publication frequency increased gradually to the current 12 issues per year with about 300 pages per issue. The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 3.053, ranking it 7th out of 72 journals in the category "Orthopaedics", 9th out of 81 journals in the category "Sport Sciences", and 31st out of 198 journals in the category "Surgery". Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy The Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published in English covering orthopaedic