Binary logarithm team sits out the second round). The same number of rounds is also necessary to determine a clear winner in a Swiss-system tournament. In photography, exposure values are measured in terms of the binary logarithm of the amount of light reaching the film or sensor, in accordance with the Weber–Fechner law describing a logarithmic response of the human visual system to light. A single stop of exposure is one unit on a base- logarithmic scale. More precisely, the exposure value of a photograph is defined as where is the f-number measuring the aperture of the lens during the exposure, and
Signed number representations as the largest positive number that can be represented, and vice versa if the word has an odd number of bits. The following table shows the positive and negative integers that can be represented using four bits. Same table, as viewed from "given these binary bits, what is the number as interpreted by the representation system": Google's Protocol Buffers "zig-zag encoding" is a system similar to sign-and-magnitude, but uses the least significant bit to represent the sign and has a single representation of zero. This allows a variable-length quantity encoding intended for nonnegative (unsigned) integers to be used efficiently for