Systematic Training for Effective Parenting Systematic Training for Effective Parenting Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) is a parent education program published as a series of books. STEP was developed and published by the psychologists Don Dinkmeyer Sr., Gary D. McKay and Don Dinkmeyer Jr. The publication was supplemented by an extensive concept for training and proliferation. STEP has reached more than 4 million parents and has been translated into Spanish, French, German, and Japanese. Korean and Chinese adaptations are in progress. STEP is based on Alfred Adler's individual psychology and the work of the psychologists Rudolf Dreikurs and Thomas Gordon. An evaluation of the
Effective number of codons Effective number of codons Effective number of codons (abbreviated as ENC or "Nc") is a measure to study the state of codon usage biases in genes and genomes. The way that ENC is computed has obvious similarities to the computation of effective population size in population genetics. Although it is easy to compute ENC values, it has been shown that this measure is one of the best measures to show codon usage bias. Since the original suggestion of the ENC, several investigators have tried to improve the method, but it seems that there is much room to improve this measure.