Photovoltaic system to microgeneration and photovoltaic systems, and the US UL4703 standard, in subject 4703 ""Photovoltaic Wire"". A solar tracking system tilts a solar panel throughout the day. Depending on the type of tracking system, the panel is either aimed directly at the sun or the brightest area of a partly clouded sky. Trackers greatly enhance early morning and late afternoon performance, increasing the total amount of power produced by a system by about 20–25% for a single axis tracker and about 30% or more for a dual axis tracker, depending on latitude. Trackers are effective in regions that receive a large
Topological module Topological module In mathematics, a topological module is a module over a topological ring such that scalar multiplication and addition are continuous. A topological vector space is a topological module over a topological field. An abelian topological group can be considered as a topological module over Z, where Z is the ring of integers with the discrete topology. A topological ring is a topological module over each of its subrings. A more complicated example is the "I"-adic topology on a ring and its modules. Let "I" be an ideal of a ring "R". The sets of the form , for