Skew binary number system non-zero digits, a form called the sparse representations of numbers by Okasaki, incrementation and decrementation can be performed in constant time. Other arithmetic operations are performed by switching between the skew binary representation and the binary representation. Given a skew binary number, its value can be computed by a loop, computing the successive values of formula_4 and adding it once or twice for each formula_5 such that the formula_5th digit is 1 or 2 respectively. A more efficient method is now given, with only bit representation and one substraction. The skew binary number of the form formula_7 without 2 and
Universal binary means to ease the transition from the existing PowerPC architecture to systems based on Intel processors, which began shipping in 2006. Universal binaries typically include both PowerPC and x86 versions of a compiled application. The operating system detects a universal binary by its header, and executes the appropriate section for the architecture in use. This allows the application to run natively on any supported architecture, with no negative performance impact beyond an increase in the storage space taken up by the larger binary. Starting with Mac OS X Snow Leopard, only Intel-based Macs are supported, so software that specifically depends