Black belt (martial arts) of ability when using these tactics and are sometimes referred to as McDojos or belt factories. In some Japanese schools, after obtaining a black belt the student also begins to instruct, and may be referred to as a senpai (senior student) or sensei (teacher). In others, a black belt student should not be called sensei until they are sandan (third degree black belt), or the titles kyosa or sabom in Korean martial arts as second degree or higher, as this denotes a greater degree of experience and a sensei must have this and grasp of what is involved in teaching
Japanese martial arts with self-defense as a secondary purpose. Additionally, many of the "gendai budō" have included a sporting element to them. Judo and kendo are both examples of this. , literally meaning "gentle way" or "way of softness", is a grappling-based martial art, practiced primarily as a sport. It contains substantially the same emphasis on the personal, spiritual, and physical self-improvement of its practitioners as can be found throughout "gendai budō". Judo was created by Kano Jigoro (嘉納 治五郎 "Kanō Jigorō", 1860–1938) at the end of the 19th century. Kano took the "koryū" martial arts he learned (specifically Kitō-ryū and Tenjin Shin'yo-ryū