Aniconism in Judaism in an article published in 1878, and is regarded as the founder of the scholarly discipline of Jewish art history. His disciple Dr. Samuel Krauss wrote in 1901: Aniconism in Judaism Aniconism in Judaism covers a number of areas. The portrayal of YHWH in any kind of human or concrete form is not encouraged. A number of verses in the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) refer to prohibitions against the creation of various forms of images, invariably linked directly with idolatry. The strongest over-all source is based on what Judaism counts as the second of the Ten Commandments: This prohibition is widespread.
Bar and Bat Mitzvah Bar and Bat Mitzvah Bar Mitzvah () is a Jewish coming of age ritual for boys. Bat Mitzvah (; Ashkenazi pronunciation: "Bas Mitzvah") is a Jewish coming of age ritual for girls. The plural is "B'nai Mitzvah" for boys, and "B'not Mitzvah" (Ashkenazi pronunciation: "B'nos Mitzvah") for girls. According to Jewish law, when Jewish boys become 13 years old, they become accountable for their actions and become a bar mitzvah. A girl becomes a bat mitzvah at the age of 12 according to Orthodox and Conservative Jews, and at the age of 13 according to Reform Jews. Prior to reaching