National identification number "Teudat Zehut"), bearing an Identity Number, is issued to all residents over 16 years old who have legal temporary or permanent residence status, including non-citizens. Japan's national identification number system, known within the country as "My Number" (Japanese: マイナンバー), went into effect from 2016. The number consists of 12 digits, and one is assigned to each resident of Japan, including non-Japanese long-term residents with valid residency permits. In Kazakhstan there is a 12-digit Individual Identification Number for natural persons (abbreviated in , "ZhSN"; in , "IIN", with first six digits representing person's date of birth in the YYMMDD format) and
Polystyrene sulfonate as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) adhere to the sulfonate groups, displacing sodium ions. The resulting solution of sodium ions is softened. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used as a superplastifier in cement, as a dye improving agent for cotton, and as proton exchange membranes in fuel cell applications. In its acid form, the resin is used as a solid acid catalyst in organic synthesis. Polystyrene sulfonate Polystyrene sulfonates are polymers derived from polystyrene by the addition of sulfonate functional groups. They are widely used as ion-exchange resins to remove ions such as potassium, calcium, and sodium from solutions in technical