University of the West of England, Bristol recent graduates are in employment or further study, with 78% in professional roles. Last year the university celebrated its highest ever student satisfaction levels, with 87% of students indicating they were happy with the quality of their course. In 2018 the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) awarded the University of the West of England with Gold rating, which is awarded for consistently outstanding and of the highest quality found in the UK Higher Education sector. It is only one of four universities in the UK to have a University Enterprise Zone providing space for over 70 businesses, and the largest UK
Effective atomic number possible to obtain a much more accurate single-valued Z by weighting against the spectrum of the source. The effective atomic number for electron interactions may be calculated with a similar approach; see for instance Taylor "et al." 2009 and Taylor 2011. The cross-section based approach for determining Z is obviously much more complicated than the simple power-law approach described above, and this is why freely-available software has been developed for such calculations (Taylor "et al." 2012). Effective atomic number Effective atomic number has two different meanings: one that is the effective nuclear charge of an atom, and one that calculates