Photovoltaic mounting system at the same angle as the latitude of array's location to maximize the annual energy yield of module. For example, rooftop PV module at the tropics provides highest annual energy yield when inclination of panel surface is close to horizontal direction. A study in the tropics showed that the orientation of low-slope rooftop PV has negligible impact on annual energy yield, but in the case of PV external sunshade applications, east façade and panel slope of 30–40° are the most suitable location and inclination. Photovoltaic mounting system Photovoltaic mounting systems (also called solar module racking) are used to fix solar
Photovoltaic system capacity from International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) from 2010 to 2017, the learning curve equation for photovoltaic systems is given as formula_1 Increasing use of photovoltaic systems and integration of photovoltaic power into existing structures and techniques of supply and distribution increases the value of general standards and definitions for photovoltaic components and systems. The standards are compiled at the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and apply to efficiency, durability and safety of cells, modules, simulation programs, plug connectors and cables, mounting systems, overall efficiency of inverters etc. While article 690 of the National Electric Code provides general guidelines for the