Seismic moment Seismic moment Seismic moment is a quantity used by seismologists to measure the size of an earthquake. The scalar seismic moment formula_1 is defined by the equation formula_2, where formula_1 thus has dimensions of torque, measured in newton meters. The connection between seismic moment and a torque is natural in the representation of seismic sources as a pair of force couples. Seismic moment is not a measure of energy. The relations between seismic moment, potential energy drop and radiated energy are indirect and approximative. The seismic moment of an earthquake is typically estimated using whatever information is available to constrain
Natural beech wood global climate changes can also have a profound effect on what kind of natural woodland can grow and survive in a specific area. European beech is usually more susceptible to climatic changes than soil-composition and the current global climate change are found to affect the geographical distribution of natural beech wood habitats. The term "Natural" is often confusingly used as a synonym for "Primeval". While primeval woodlands that still exists, are indeed natural, natural woodlands does not have to be primeval per se. Secondary or re-established woodlands can also be natural; it is just a matter of whether a given