Photovoltaic system in northern climes to 5.61 kWh/m²/day in the sunniest regions. For large systems, the energy gained by using tracking systems can outweigh the added complexity (trackers can increase efficiency by 30% or more). For very large systems, the added maintenance of tracking is a substantial detriment. Tracking is not required for flat panel and low-concentration photovoltaic systems. For high-concentration photovoltaic systems, dual axis tracking is a necessity. Pricing trends affect the balance between adding more stationary solar panels versus having fewer panels that track. When solar panel prices drop, trackers become a less attractive option. Systems designed to deliver alternating
Third-generation photovoltaic cell discovered center around nanotechnology, there are several different material methods currently used. The third generation label encompasses multiple technologies, though it includes non-semiconductor technologies (including polymers and biomimetics), quantum dot, tandem/multi-junction cells, intermediate band solar cell, hot-carrier cells, photon upconversion and downconversion technologies, and solar thermal technologies, such as thermophotonics, which is one technology identified by Green as being third generation. It also includes: Solar cells using MEV-PPH and CdSe variable particles trapped in polymer by Arvind Kumar Singh-scholar from NIET Greater Noida. For more details please refer patent 245643-DTSFG55674466-EE45664 Third-generation photovoltaic cell Third-generation photovoltaic cells are solar cells that