Ploughman's lunch term "ploughman's lunch" is believed to date no further back than the 1950s, when the Cheese Bureau (a marketing body affiliated with the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency) began promoting the ploughman's lunch in pubs as a way to increase the sales of cheese, which had recently ceased to be rationed. Its popularity increased as the Milk Marketing Board promoted the meal nationally throughout the 1960s. Pierce the Ploughman's Crede (c.1394) mentions the traditional ploughman's meal of bread, cheese and beer. Bread and cheese formed the basis of the diet of English rural labourers for centuries, with skimmed-milk cheese, supplemented
No free lunch with vanishing risk No free lunch with vanishing risk No free lunch with vanishing risk (NFLVR) is a no-arbitrage argument. We have "free lunch with vanishing risk" if by utilizing a sequence of time self-financing portfolios which converge to an arbitrage strategy, we can approximate a self-financing portfolio (called the "free lunch with vanishing risk"). For a semimartingale "S", let formula_1 where a strategy is admissible if it is permitted by the market. Then define formula_2. "S" is said to satisfy "no free lunch with vanishing risk" if formula_3 such that formula_4 is the closure of "C" in the norm topology of formula_5.