Alfred Pennyworth to reject Alfred. (The name "Pennyworth" was first used for Alfred in 1969 and thereafter it has been assumed that his father was named Jarvis Pennyworth; as it is customary for British domestic servants to be called by surname it might have been implied on Alfred's introduction that Jarvis was the surname he shared with his father; the surname "Beagle" was explicitly used for Alfred starting in 1945 and on the introduction of "Pennyworth" this is treated as having always been their name by retcon). Initially, Alfred discovered their identities by accident; while fighting a burglar in "Batman" #16 (Alfred's
Butler–Volmer equation Butler–Volmer equation The Butler–Volmer equation (named after John Alfred Valentine Butler and Max Volmer), also known as Erdey-Grúz–Volmer equation, is one of the most fundamental relationships in electrochemical kinetics. It describes how the electrical current on an electrode depends on the electrode potential, considering that both a cathodic and an anodic reaction occur on the same electrode: or in a more compact form: where: The right hand figure shows plots valid for formula_15. The previous form of Butler–Volmer equation is valid when the electrode reaction is controlled by electrical charge transfer at the electrode (and not by the mass transfer