Solar panel Solar panel Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity. A photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged, connected assembly of typically 6x10 photovoltaic solar cells. Photovoltaic modules constitute the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system that generates and supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions (STC), and typically ranges from 100 to 365 Watts (W). The efficiency of a module determines the area of a module given the same rated output an 8% efficient 230 W module will have twice the
Galois module of "v" to "L", let "I" denote its inertia group. A Galois module ρ : "G" → Aut("V") is said to be unramified if ρ("I") = {1}. In classical algebraic number theory, let "L" be a Galois extension of a field "K", and let "G" be the corresponding Galois group. Then the ring "O" of algebraic integers of "L" can be considered as an "O"["G"]-module, and one can ask what its structure is. This is an arithmetic question, in that by the normal basis theorem one knows that "L" is a free "K"["G"]-module of rank 1. If the same is