ISAKOS - International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine ISAKOS - International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine ISAKOS is an international medical society formed by more than 4,000 members. ISAKOS purpose is provide knowledge exchange for surgeons worldwide as most the international medical societies. The International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (ISAKOS) is composed of orthopedic surgeons from 92 countries. This surgeons belong to regional societies who share the same objectives related to dissemination of education and patient care on sports medicine, arthroscopy and knee surgery. Arthroscopy (also called arthroscopic surgery) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint in
Cardiac surgery intracardiac correction of a congenital heart defect using hypothermia was performed by Drs. C. Walton Lillehei and F. John Lewis at the University of Minnesota on 2 September 1952. In 1953, Alexander Alexandrovich Vishnevsky conducted the first cardiac surgery under local anesthesia. In 1956, Dr. John Carter Callaghan performed the first documented open-heart surgery in Canada. Open-heart surgery is any kind of surgery in which a surgeon makes a large incision (cut) in the chest to open the rib cage and operate on the heart. "Open" refers to the chest, not the heart. Depending on the type of surgery, the