Co-articulated consonant consonant such as is doubly or secondarily articulated. In some English dialects, for example, is a labialized velar that could be transcribed as , but the Japanese is closer to a true labial-velar, . It is common usage to restrict the letter to the former. The glottis controls phonation, and works simultaneously with many consonants. It is not normally considered an articulator, and an ejective such as , with simultaneous closure of the velum and glottis, is not normally considered to be a co-articulated consonant. Co-articulated consonant Co-articulated consonants or complex consonants are consonants produced with two simultaneous places of
Vocal cord dysfunction Vocal cord dysfunction Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), also known as Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion (PVFM) or Paradoxical Vocal Cord Movement (PVCM), is a pathology affecting the vocal folds (commonly referred to as the vocal cords). VCD is characterized by full or partial vocal fold closure, causing difficulty and distress during respiration, especially during inhalation. Symptoms of VCD are not always present. Rather, they often occur episodically, often defined as "attacks," where the sufferer will be symptomatic for a short period of time. Due to the similarity in symptoms, VCD attack are often mistaken for asthma attacks or laryngospasms. Although several