Pneumatic actuator Some types of pneumatic actuators include: Pneumatic actuator A pneumatic control valve actuator converts energy (typically in the form of compressed air) into mechanical motion. The motion can be rotary or linear, depending on the type of actuator. A Pneumatic actuator mainly consists of a piston or a diaphragm which develops the motive power. It keeps the air in the upper portion of the cylinder, allowing air pressure to force the diaphragm or piston to move the valve stem or rotate the valve control element. Valves require little pressure to operate and usually double or "triple" the input force. The
Potential energy of protein a spring connecting the atoms together. Total potential energy based on bond length is over set S set of pairs of atoms that are connected by chemical bond defined as; E = Σ k(α-α) where: k is the force constant α is the equilibrium length α is the current length for the bond between ith and jth atoms. Just as the potential energy can be written as a quadratic form in the internal coordinates, so it can also be written in terms of generalized forces. The resulting coefficients are termed compliance constants. Like bond length, when three atoms are connected