Annealing (metallurgy) brass can be cooled slowly in air, or quickly by quenching in water, unlike ferrous metals, such as steel, which must be cooled slowly to anneal. In this fashion, the metal is softened and prepared for further work—such as shaping, stamping, or forming. Annealing occurs by the diffusion of atoms within a solid material, so that the material progresses towards its equilibrium state. Heat increases the rate of diffusion by providing the energy needed to break bonds. The movement of atoms has the effect of redistributing and eradicating the dislocations in metals and (to a lesser extent) in ceramics. This
Heated glass 350 degrees Fahrenheit (177 degrees Celsius). The standard desirable temperature range in buildings is between 104 and 113 degrees Fahrenheit (40 to 44 degrees Celsius). For industrial purposes higher temperatures may be warranted. The first heated glass was created in 1931 by Protes Glass Company, offered for cars. Their product was not a success. Heated glass was first used on a wide scale in World War II to prevent aircraft windshields from frosting over in cold weather and high altitudes. It is still used in aviation for this purpose. Heated glass has been used in architectural applications for the past