Environmental impact of shipping engines can be higher on a port-specific basis. Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) is a standard for defining diesel fuel with substantially lowered sulfur contents. As of 2006, almost all of the petroleum-based diesel fuel available in Europe and North America is of a ULSD type. In 2016 the IMO has made new sulfur regulations which must be implemented by larger ships by 2020. Of total global air emissions, shipping accounts for 18 to 30 percent of the nitrogen oxide and 9 percent of the sulphur oxides. Sulfur in the air creates acid rain which damages crops and buildings. When inhaled,
Metal sulfur dioxide complex Metal sulfur dioxide complex Metal sulfur dioxide complexes are complexes that contain sulfur dioxide, SO, bonded to a transition metal. Such compounds are common but are mainly of theoretical interest. Historically, the study of these compounds has provided insights into the mechanisms of migratory insertion reactions in organometallic chemistry. Sulfur dioxide forms complexes with many transition metals. For the most stable complex the metal is in oxidation state 0 or +1. In most cases SO binds in monodentate fashion, attaching to the metal through sulfur. Such complexes are further subdivided according to the planarity or pyramidalization at sulfur. The various