Binary star size, luminosity, and approximate shape) of both members of the system. While a number of binary star systems have been found to harbor extrasolar planets, such systems are comparatively rare compared to single star systems. Observations by the Kepler space telescope have shown that most single stars of the same type as the Sun have plenty of planets, but only one-third of binary stars do. According to theoretical simulations, even widely separated binary stars often disrupt the discs of rocky grains from which protoplanets form. On the other hand, other simulations suggest that the presence of a binary companion can
Redundant binary representation time proportional to log("n") (where "n" is the number of digit) compared to a constant-time in two's complement. It is, however, possible to "partially" convert only the least-significant portion of a redundantly represented number to non-redundant form. This allows operations such as masking off the low "k" bits can be done in log("k") time. Redundant binary representation A redundant binary representation (RBR) is a numeral system that uses more bits than needed to represent a single binary digit so that most numbers have several representations. An RBR is unlike usual binary numeral systems, including two's complement, which use a single