University of the West of England, Bristol recent graduates are in employment or further study, with 78% in professional roles. Last year the university celebrated its highest ever student satisfaction levels, with 87% of students indicating they were happy with the quality of their course. In 2018 the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) awarded the University of the West of England with Gold rating, which is awarded for consistently outstanding and of the highest quality found in the UK Higher Education sector. It is only one of four universities in the UK to have a University Enterprise Zone providing space for over 70 businesses, and the largest UK
Effective atomic number interactions. For instance, lithium, atomic number 3, has two electrons in the 1s shell and one in the 2s shell. Because the two 1s electrons screen the protons to give an effective atomic number for the 2s electron close to 1, we can treat this 2s valence electron with a hydrogenic model. Mathematically, the effective atomic number Z can be calculated using methods known as "self-consistent field" calculations, but in simplified situations is just taken as the atomic number minus the number of electrons between the nucleus and the electron being considered. An alternative definition of the effective atomic number