Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa adults has a high capacity for lactose digestion, a surprisingly high number for an agrarian people, which Mamdani suggests may be the result of centuries of intermarriage with Tutsi. Bethwell Ogot in the 1988 UNESCO "General History" further notes that the number of pastoralists in Rwanda increased sharply around the fifteenth century. Although Luis et al. (2004) in a more general study on bi-allelic markers in many African countries found a statistically significant genetic difference between Tutsi and Hutu, the overall difference were not large. Modern-day genetic studies of the Y-chromosome generally indicate that the Tutsi, like the Hutu, are
Georges Rutaganda Georges Rutaganda Georges Rutaganda (November 27, 1958 – October 11, 2010) was the second vice-president of the Rwandan Hutu militia "Interahamwe". Rutaganda was partly responsible for the Rwandan genocide of 1994. Prosecutor James Stewart stated that "Without Georges Rutaganda, the Rwandan genocide would not have functioned the way it did." He was on radio RTLM (Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines) in Kigali in 1994, encouraging Interahamwe Militia to exterminate all Tutsis. It was alleged that Rutaganda captured, raped, and tortured Tutsi women in the Interahamwe Hideouts in Kigali. Other accounts state that Rutaganda captured Tutsi prostitutes believing them to