Rhinitis causing the rhinitis. Rhinitis medicamentosa is a form of drug-induced nonallergic rhinitis which is associated with nasal congestion brought on by the use of certain oral medications (primarily sympathomimetic amine and 2-imidazoline derivatives) and topical decongestants (e.g., oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, xylometazoline, and naphazoline nasal sprays) that constrict the blood vessels in the lining of the nose. Chronic rhinitis is a form of atrophy of the mucous membrane and glands of the nose. Chronic form of dryness of the mucous membranes. Chronic rhinitis associated with polyps in the nasal cavity. Most prominent pathological changes observed are nasal airway epithelial metaplasia in which
Nasal infix would be expected. For example, the PIE root "to win" would yield a nasal-infixed present stem . These presents are called "nasal infix presents" or simply "nasal presents" and are typically active transitive verbs, often with durative aspect. Since the linguistic ancestor of PIE is not known, there can only be speculations about the origins of the nasal infix. It has been suggested that it arose from a suffix (also related to and ) which underwent metathesis. Besides the nasal infix, PIE employs a number of affixes to mark the present: , , , , , and others. All in