Chutzpah renders others speechless and incredulous ... one cannot quite believe that another person totally lacks common human traits like remorse, regret, guilt, sympathy and insight. The implication is at least some degree of psychopathy in the subject, as well as the awestruck amazement of the observer at the display. The cognate of "chutzpah" in Classical Arabic, "" (), does not mean "impudence" or "cheekiness" or anything similar, but rather "sound judgment". Rabbi Harold M. Schulweis distinguishes the meaning of "chutzpah" as stubbornness and contrariness from what he calls a tradition of "spiritual audacity" or ""chutzpah klapei shmaya"": As an example,
Polish language words come from Yiddish, spoken by the large Polish Jewish population that existed until the Holocaust. Borrowed Yiddish words include "bachor" (an unruly boy or child), "bajzel" (slang for mess), "belfer" (slang for teacher), "ciuchy" (slang for clothing), "cymes" (slang for very tasty food), "geszeft" (slang for business), "kitel" (slang for apron), "machlojka" (slang for scam), "mamona" (money), "manele" (slang for oddments), "myszygene" (slang for lunatic), "pinda" (slang for girl, pejoratively), "plajta" (slang for bankruptcy), "rejwach" (noise), "szmal" (slang for money), and "trefny" (dodgy). The mountain dialects of the Górale in southern Poland, have quite a number of words borrowed