ABO blood group system gives type O. As both "I" and "I" are dominant over "i", only "ii" people have type O blood. Individuals with "II" or "Ii" have type A blood, and individuals with "II" or "Ii" have type B. "II" people have both phenotypes, because A and B express a special dominance relationship: codominance, which means that type A and B parents can have an AB child. A couple with type A and type B can also have a type O child if they are both heterozygous ("Ii","Ii"). The "cis-AB" phenotype has a single enzyme that creates both A and B antigens.
ABO blood group system and likely predates human migration from Africa. The O01 allele is considered to predate the O02 allele. Some evolutionary biologists theorize that there are four main lineages of the ABO gene and that mutations creating type O have occurred at least three times in humans. From oldest to youngest, these lineages comprise the following alleles: "A101/A201/O09", "B101", "O02" and "O01". The continued presence of the O alleles is hypothesized to be the result of balancing selection. Both theories contradict the previously held theory that type O blood evolved first. It is possible that food and environmental antigens (bacterial, viral, or