Co-articulated consonant consonant such as is doubly or secondarily articulated. In some English dialects, for example, is a labialized velar that could be transcribed as , but the Japanese is closer to a true labial-velar, . It is common usage to restrict the letter to the former. The glottis controls phonation, and works simultaneously with many consonants. It is not normally considered an articulator, and an ejective such as , with simultaneous closure of the velum and glottis, is not normally considered to be a co-articulated consonant. Co-articulated consonant Co-articulated consonants or complex consonants are consonants produced with two simultaneous places of
Neurocomputational speech processing vocal tract actions (also called articulatory gestures), which need to be activated in order to produce a speech item, their degree of realization and duration, and the temporal organization of all vocal tract actions building up a speech item (for a detailed description of vocal tract actions scores see e.g. Kröger & Birkholz 2007). The detailed realization of each vocal tract action (articulatory gesture) depends on the temporal organization of all vocal tract actions building up a speech item and especially on their temporal overlap. Thus the detailed realization of each vocal tract action within an speech item is specified