Data sharing Data sharing Data sharing is the practice of making data used for scholarly research available to other investigators. Replication has a long history in science. The motto of The Royal Society is 'Nullius in verba', translated "Take no man's word for it." Many funding agencies, institutions, and publication venues have policies regarding data sharing because transparency and openness are considered by many to be part of the scientific method. A number of funding agencies and science journals require authors of peer-reviewed papers to share any supplemental information (raw data, statistical methods or source code) necessary to understand, develop or reproduce
Glossary of ancient Roman religion and legal usage, "verba concepta" ("preconceived words") were verbal formulas that could be adapted for particular circumstances. Compare "verba certa", "fixed words." Collections of "verba concepta" would have been part of the augural archives. Varro preserves an example, albeit textually vexed, of a formula for founding a "templum. In the legal sense, "concepta verba" (the phrase is found with either word order) were the statements crafted by a presiding praetor for the particulars of a case. Earlier in the Roman legal system, the plaintiff had to state his claim within a narrowly defined set of fixed phrases "(certa verba)"; in