Alfred Pennyworth electrical engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, nanotechnology, and biotechnology as he singlehandedly builds, programs, and maintains much of Batman's next-generational technology such as the Batcomputer. was not introduced in the comics until after the series had ended production. Alfred Pennyworth is a supporting character in the "" franchise where he is voiced by Martin Jarvis and Hugh Fraser. Alfred Pennyworth appears in both "" and its sequel "", voiced by Enn Reitel. Alfred Pennyworth is featured in the "Smallville Season 11" digital comic based on the TV series. Alfred Pennyworth Alfred, most commonly (but not originally) named in full as
Butler–Volmer equation Butler–Volmer equation The Butler–Volmer equation (named after John Alfred Valentine Butler and Max Volmer), also known as Erdey-Grúz–Volmer equation, is one of the most fundamental relationships in electrochemical kinetics. It describes how the electrical current on an electrode depends on the electrode potential, considering that both a cathodic and an anodic reaction occur on the same electrode: or in a more compact form: where: The right hand figure shows plots valid for formula_15. The previous form of Butler–Volmer equation is valid when the electrode reaction is controlled by electrical charge transfer at the electrode (and not by the mass transfer