Hamburger such as , due to the occasional initial improper preparation of the meat, so caution is needed during handling and cooking. Because of the potential for food-borne illness, the USDA recommends hamburgers be cooked to an internal temperature of . If cooked to this temperature, they are considered well-done. Burgers can also be made with patties made from ingredients other than beef. For example, a "turkey burger" uses ground turkey meat, a "chicken burger" uses ground chicken meat. A "buffalo burger" uses ground meat from a bison, and an "ostrich burger" is made from ground seasoned ostrich meat. A deer
Psychology of eating meat however, meat in many other cultures is sold with these body parts. Some authors have suggested that the use of non-animal words such as "sirloin" and "hamburger" for meat can reduce the salience of meat's origins in animals, and in turn reduce perceived consumption of animals. Similarly, farmers and hunters use terms such as "processing" and "managing" rather than "killing", a choice which can be interpreted as a way to provide psychological distance and facilitate animal use. The importance of dissociation processes was supported by a 2016 Norwegian study which, in a series of experiments, directly tested the effects of