Hamburger such as , due to the occasional initial improper preparation of the meat, so caution is needed during handling and cooking. Because of the potential for food-borne illness, the USDA recommends hamburgers be cooked to an internal temperature of . If cooked to this temperature, they are considered well-done. Burgers can also be made with patties made from ingredients other than beef. For example, a "turkey burger" uses ground turkey meat, a "chicken burger" uses ground chicken meat. A "buffalo burger" uses ground meat from a bison, and an "ostrich burger" is made from ground seasoned ostrich meat. A deer
History of the hamburger Food and Drug Administration. "The Jungle" was a milestone in the subsequent history of the hamburger, as it led the American public to force restaurant chains to prove the safety of their cooked meat. In 1933, Arthur Kallett published a similar book, entitled "100 million guinea pigs; Dangers in Everyday foods, drugs, and cosmetics", which warned consumers specifically about the content preservatives in hamburgers. The exact origin of the hamburger may never be known with any certainty. Most historians believe that it was invented by a cook who placed a Hamburg steak between two slices of bread in a small