Binary scaling always a valid angle in the range of −180° degrees (−π radians) to +180° degrees (+π radians). In some cases, it is convenient to use unsigned multiplication (rather than signed multiplication) on a binary angle, which gives the correct angle in the range of 0 to +360° degrees (+2π radians or +1 turn). Compared to storing angles in a binary angle format, storing angles in any other format inevitably results in some bit patterns giving "angles" outside that range, requiring extra steps to range-reduce the value to the desired range, or results in some bit patterns that are not valid
Allied Masonic Degrees Allied Masonic Degrees The Allied Masonic Degrees (AMD) are a series of Masonic degrees conferred by "Councils of the Allied Masonic Degrees". The Allied Masonic Degrees form an appendant order of Freemasonry that exists in some Masonic jurisdictions; its degrees are conferred only by invitation. Councils of the Allied Masonic Degrees exist in Great Britain, the United States, Canada, France and Australia and their members also educate one another by presenting research papers on Freemasonry. The structure is very like that of the craft lodges, with the exception that the offices of Secretary and Treasurer may be combined in some