Bhakti bhakti yoga in combination with "karma yoga" and "jnana yoga", while the "Bhagavata Purana" expands on bhakti yoga, offering nine specific activities for the bhakti yogi. Bhakti in the "Bhagavad Gita" offered an alternative to two dominant practices of religion at the time: the isolation of the sannyasin and the practice of religious ritual. "Bhakti Yoga" is described by Swami Vivekananda as "the path of systematized devotion for the attainment of union with the Absolute". In various chapters, including the twelfth chapter of the "Bhagavad Gita", Krishna describes "bhakti yoga" as one of the paths to the highest spiritual attainments.
Kirtan Hindu scriptures such as the "Bhagavad-gita" where Krishna describes multiple paths to spiritual freedom, including karma marga (way of works), jnana marga (way of knowledge) and bhakti marga (way of loving devotion to god). "Kirtan" relates to the bhakti marga tradition of Hinduism. References to "Kirtan" as a musical recitation are also found in the Bhagavata Purana, an important Vaishnava text. Kirtan is often practiced as a kind of theatrical folk song with call-and-response chanting or antiphon. The ancient sage Narada revered as a musical genius, is called a "kirtankar" (singer of kirtan) in the Padma Purana. The famous story