Monohybrid cross predicts that three quarters of the F2 generation will have the dominant allele's phenotype. And the remaining quarter of the F2s will have the recessive allele's phenotype. This predicted 3:1 phenotypic ratio assumes Mendelian inheritance. This cross was originally used by biologist Gregor Mendel, who crossed two pea plants to obtain a hybrid variety and discovered the dominance relationships between alleles of several genes. Mendel has considered one alleleomorph character for his first experiment that is colour of red and white length of plant-tall and dwarf. Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) was an Austrian monk who theorized basic rules of inheritance. From
Natural selection used by Mr. Herbert Spencer of the Survival of the Fittest is more accurate, and is sometimes equally convenient." Although the phrase is still often used by non-biologists, modern biologists avoid it because it is tautological if "fittest" is read to mean "functionally superior" and is applied to individuals rather than considered as an averaged quantity over populations. Natural selection relies crucially on the idea of heredity, but developed before the basic concepts of genetics. Although the Moravian monk Gregor Mendel, the father of modern genetics, was a contemporary of Darwin's, his work lay in obscurity, only being rediscovered in