Grand Erg Oriental small but ancient settlement of Ghadames at the Libyan frontier. Another and better road from Hassi Messaoud goes south, also crossing the grand erg where it passes a well called "Hassi Tartrat", before reaching the erg's far side. Further south lies the Ahaggar mountains. The cities of Wargla and Touggourt lie outside the western limits of the erg. Nearby, within the accepted boundaries of the "Grand Erg Oriental", the landscape is described as being "practically free from [sand] dunes" evidently due to strong, persistent winds. Petroleum and other hydrocarbons have been extracted in Algeria, from areas in and surrounding the
Arabic nouns and adjectives to ones ending in , with the masculine and feminine ' being used as adjectival forms of the concept-noun (e.g. ) depending on agreement. Thus the feminine ' of ' "partnership, cooperation, participation (definite)", ' is the Arabic word for "socialism," and the word "socialist" (both as an adjective and as the term for one who believes in socialism) is ' in the masculine and "" in the feminine. The Arabic has given rise to English adjectives of nationality for Arabic countries: Iraq"i" (from ), Kuwait"i" (from ), etc. Every verb has associated active and passive participles, as well as