Meissen porcelain further precaution, very few workers knew the special secret ("arcanum") of how to make porcelain, and then perhaps only part of the process. Thus, for a few years, Meissen retained its monopoly on the production of hard-paste porcelain in Europe. By 1717, however, a competing production was set up at Vienna, as Samuel Stöltzel sold the secret recipe, which involved the use of kaolin, also known as china clay. By 1760 about thirty porcelain manufacturers were operating in Europe, most of them, however, producing frit based soft-paste porcelain. In order to identify the original Meissen products, Meissen developed markings that
Picasso's Rose Period period, from the French word for pink, which is "rose". Picasso's third highest selling painting, "Garçon à la pipe (Boy with a pipe)" was painted during the Rose Period. Other significant Rose Period works include: "Woman in a Chemise (Madeleine)" (1904–05), "The Actor" (1904–1905), "Lady with a Fan" (1905), "Two Youths" (1905), "Harlequin Family" (1905), "Harlequin's Family With an Ape" (1905), "La famille de saltimbanques" (1905), "Boy with a Dog" (1905), "Nude Boy" (1906), "Boy Leading a Horse" (1905-06), and "The Girl with a Goat" (1906). Picasso's Rose Period Picasso's Rose Period represents an important epoch in the life and