Forward genetics a bare minimum for the appearance of specific phenotypes. However, such initial screens were either incomplete as they were missing redundant loci and epigenetic effects, and such screens were difficult to undertake for certain phenotypes that lack directly measurable phenotypes. Additionally a classical genetics approach takes significantly longer. Gregor Mendel experimented with pea plant phenotypes and published his conclusions about genes and inheritance in 1865. Around the early 1900s Thomas Hunt Morgan was mutating Drosophila using radium and attempting to find heritable mutations Alfred Sturtevant later began mapping genes of Drosophila with mutations they had been following. In the 1990s
Theoretical and Applied Genetics factor is 3.264. This ranks it second out of 74 journals in the category "Agronomy", first out of 30 in "Horticulture", 23rd out of 187 in "Plant Sciences", and 59th out of 156 in "Genetics & Heredity". Theoretical and Applied Genetics Theoretical and Applied Genetics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal publishes articles in the fields of plant genetics, genomics, and biotechnology. It was established in 1929 as "Der Züchter", which name was changed to the current one in 1968. Previous editors include H. Stubbe (1946–1976) and H. F. Linskens (1977–1987). The journal publishes