Surname law matronym from the name of a parent or parent-in-law; these possibilities are not necessarily open to native Icelanders. Reza Shah Pahlavi ordered Iranians to adopt Western style surnames in place of old Islamic names and titles during his reign. A law in Japan dating from 1896 requires a married couple to have a common surname. Most commonly it was the wife who took her husband's name. In 2011, this law was challenged as unconstitutional on gender equality grounds, but the Supreme Court of Japan upheld the law in 2015. Prussia tasked the implementation of surnames to E. T. A. Hoffmann.
Republican In Name Only voters by making appeals to supposedly liberal ideals. Republican In Name Only Republican In Name Only (RINO) is a pejorative term used by conservative members of the United States Republican Party to describe Republicans whose political views or actions they consider insufficiently conservative. Some of them are centrist Republicans who have been criticized for cooperating with Democrats too often. The acronym emerged in the 1990s. In 1912, former President Theodore Roosevelt, then-President William Howard Taft, and Senator Robert M. La Follette fought for ideological control of the Republican Party and each denounced the other two as "not really Republican." The