History of economic thought its critics. Socialism emerged in response to the miserable living and working conditions of the working class in the new industrial era, and the classical economics from which it sprang. The economic and political theory published in "The Communist Manifesto" (1848) and "Das Kapital" (1867) combined with the dialectic theory of history inspired by Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) to provide a revolutionary critique of nineteenth-century capitalism. In 1845 German radical Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) published "The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844", describing workers in Manchester as "the most unconcealed pinnacle of social misery in our day." After Marx
Social and economic stratification in Appalachia people in this area are not share equally of nation's economic wealth. (ARC) The elite class instilled strong systems of inequality into Appalachian politics and economy. For instance, the powerful have a history of encouraging racial divisions in order to divide workers and pit them against each other, spurring competition and serving to lower workers' wages. Family history and economic status are also bases of discrimination: One resident notes of employers, "If you have a rich name, they'll take you--otherwise you can't get no work." Since the 19th century, coal operators and plantation bosses have discouraged education and civic action,