Jnana yoga understood as "realization or gnosis", referring to a "path of study" wherein one knows the unity between self and ultimate reality called Brahman in Hinduism. This explanation is found in the ancient Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita. Jñāna yoga is the path towards attaining "jnana". It is one of the three classical types of yoga mentioned in Hindu philosophies, the other two being karma yoga and bhakti. In modern classifications, classical yoga, being called Raja yoga, is mentioned as a fourth one, an extension introduced by Vivekananda. Jnana yoga, states Stephen Phillips, is the "yoga of meditation". Of the three
Hinduism in Indonesia The epics "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana" became enduring traditions among Indonesian believers, expressed in shadow puppet ("wayang") and dance performances. As in India, Indonesian Hinduism recognizes four paths of spirituality, calling it "Catur Marga". These are bhakti mārga (path of devotion to deities), jnana mārga (path of knowledge), karma mārga (path of works) and raja mārga (path of meditation). Bhakti marga has the largest following in Bali. Similarly, like Hindus in India, Balinese Hindus believe that there are four proper goals of human life, calling it "Catur Purusartha" - dharma (pursuit of moral and ethical living), artha (pursuit of wealth and