Chinese people in Germany eventually achieved what one scholar described as a "meagre victory": a retraction by "Bild-Zeitung". However, the success of the protests laid some foundation for further professional cooperation among Chinese restaurateurs. Germany also boasts a small number of Uyghurs, a Turkic-speaking ethnic minority of China who live in the Xinjiang region in northwest China; they form one of the few obvious communities of Chinese national minorities in Europe. Though they are Chinese citizens or formerly held Chinese citizenship, their ethnic and political identity is defined largely by opposition to China, and for the most part they do not consider themselves part
Literary Chinese in Vietnam stock phrases written by calligraphers. Literary Chinese in Vietnam Literary Chinese (Vietnamese: "cổ văn" 古文 or "văn ngôn" 文言) was the medium of all formal writing in Vietnam for almost all of the history of the country up to the early 20th century, when it was replaced by vernacular writing using the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet. The language was the same as that used in China itself, as well as Korea and Japan, and used the same standard Chinese characters. It was used for official business, historical annals, fiction, verse, scholarship and even for declarations of Vietnamese determination to resist the