Meissen porcelain further precaution, very few workers knew the special secret ("arcanum") of how to make porcelain, and then perhaps only part of the process. Thus, for a few years, Meissen retained its monopoly on the production of hard-paste porcelain in Europe. By 1717, however, a competing production was set up at Vienna, as Samuel Stöltzel sold the secret recipe, which involved the use of kaolin, also known as china clay. By 1760 about thirty porcelain manufacturers were operating in Europe, most of them, however, producing frit based soft-paste porcelain. In order to identify the original Meissen products, Meissen developed markings that
Porcelain trade in Qing China invasions caused a temporary stalling in the creation for porcelain. Once the Qing dynasty sought to bring back porcelain in the trade they developed a more efficient way to transport the Porcelain goods. The Qing emperors like Kangxi helped to initiate a furthering of maritime trade which would help the growth of porcelain trade. By using the Yangtze River not only was porcelain materials cheaper to send but the final good could be transported to other regions that were not accessible. Kangxi furthered the trade for porcelain by allowing an organization of private maritime trade that allowed families who own