Porcelain single operation. In this process, "green" (unfired) ceramic wares are heated to high temperatures in a kiln to permanently set their shapes. Porcelain is fired at a higher temperature than earthenware so that the body can vitrify and become non-porous. Porcelain originated in China, and it took a long time to reach the modern material. Until recent times, almost all East Asian porcelain was of the hard-paste type. There is no precise date to separate the production of proto-porcelain from that of porcelain. Although proto-porcelain wares exist dating from the Shang dynasty (1600–1046 BC), by the time of the Eastern
Une double famille Une double famille Une double famille ("A Second Home") is a lengthy short story by Honoré de Balzac. The story first appeared in 1830 under the title "La femme vertueuse" ("The Virtuous Woman"). It was subsequently published in 1832 by Mame et Delaunay as part of Balzac's "Scènes de la vie privée" ("Scenes from Private Life"). In 1835 it appeared, in an edition by Madame Béchet, in the collection "Études de mœurs" ("Studies of Manners"). The novel only acquired its present title in 1842, when the fifth edition appeared in Volume I of the "Scenes from Private Life", which was