Bird anatomy Birds have a four-chambered heart, in common with mammals, and some reptiles (mainly the crocodilia). This adaptation allows for an efficient nutrient and oxygen transport throughout the body, providing birds with energy to fly and maintain high levels of activity. A ruby-throated hummingbird's heart beats up to 1200 times per minute (about 20 beats per second). Many birds possess a muscular pouch along the esophagus called a crop. The crop functions to both soften food and regulate its flow through the system by storing it temporarily. The size and shape of the crop is quite variable among the birds. Members
Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia The Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia (Raptors MoU) is an international, legally non-binding agreement to protect migratory birds of prey. Hawks, eagles, and falcons can function as indicator species of the ecological condition of a region. As they are at the top of the food chain, these species may be among the first to be affected by environmental pressures such as drought, habitat degradation, and the use of pesticides. Monitoring the population trends of birds