Wyvern folklore is rarely fire-breathing like the four-legged dragon. Sometimes modern fantasy book and media authors have wyverns that are frost-breathing or poison-breathing instead of fire-breathing. The current spelling "wyvern" is not attested before the seventeenth century as "winged two-footed dragon". According to the Oxford English Dictionary, it is an alteration of Middle English "wyver" (attested thirteenth century), from Anglo-French "wivre" (cf. French "guivre" and "vouivre"), which originate from Latin "vīpera", meaning "viper", "adder", or "asp". Conversely, medievalist William Sayers proposes a more complex origin for the term. He notes that the Anglo-French "guivre" and its Middle English derivative ceased to
Lion (heraldry) to Heraldry" (1829): English heraldist Charles Boutell wrote in 1890 that the lions of England were generally termed "leopards" until the end of the 14th century, including in the roll of arms of Henry III of England, and in a statute of Edward I of England, dating to 1300, which made reference to ""signée de une teste de leopart"—marked with the King's lion." In "English Heraldry" (1867), Boutell explained: In "Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meaning" (1976), German heraldist Ottfried Neubecker explained: According to Neubecker, what in Old French is termed a "léopard" is always "guardant" (head turned toward the observer),