History of economic thought its critics. Socialism emerged in response to the miserable living and working conditions of the working class in the new industrial era, and the classical economics from which it sprang. The economic and political theory published in "The Communist Manifesto" (1848) and "Das Kapital" (1867) combined with the dialectic theory of history inspired by Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) to provide a revolutionary critique of nineteenth-century capitalism. In 1845 German radical Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) published "The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844", describing workers in Manchester as "the most unconcealed pinnacle of social misery in our day." After Marx
Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies () is a quarterly journal published by Scott-Townsend Publishers, the publishing arm of the Council for Social and Economic Studies. It was founded in 1976 by anthropologist Roger Pearson, and was originally published by his Council for American Affairs, an American representative in the World Anti Communist League. It is now published by the Council for Social and Economic Studies, of which Pearson was the president as of 1982. It has been identified as one of two international journals which regularly publishes articles pertaining to