Karma yoga 11.20 of the "Bhagavata Purana" states that there are only three means to spiritual liberation: "jnana yoga" (knowledge), "karma yoga" (action) and "bhakti yoga" (devotion). Those who are of philosophical bent, prefer the "knowledge path". Those who are inclined to productive application of arts, skills and knowledge, prefer the "karma path". Those who prefer emotional connection, prefer the "devotional path". These three paths overlap, with different relative emphasis. Discussions on Karma yoga are also found in chapter 33 of "Narada Purana". Later, new movements within Hinduism added raja yoga as the fourth spiritual path, but this is not universally accepted
Bhagavad Gita that "when one sees the entire universe as pervaded by the single Universal Spirit [Krishna], one contemplates, marvels, and falls in love with its amazing glory. [...] Having experienced that Truth oneself, all doubts are dispelled. This is how the flower of devotion evolves into the fruit of knowledge." The "Gita" teaches several spiritual paths – jnana, bhakti and karma – to the divine. However, states Fowler, it "does not raise any of these to a status that excludes the others". The theme that unites these paths in the "Gita" is "inner renunciation" where one is unattached to personal rewards