Surname law matronym from the name of a parent or parent-in-law; these possibilities are not necessarily open to native Icelanders. Reza Shah Pahlavi ordered Iranians to adopt Western style surnames in place of old Islamic names and titles during his reign. A law in Japan dating from 1896 requires a married couple to have a common surname. Most commonly it was the wife who took her husband's name. In 2011, this law was challenged as unconstitutional on gender equality grounds, but the Supreme Court of Japan upheld the law in 2015. Prussia tasked the implementation of surnames to E. T. A. Hoffmann.
Double-barrelled name However, other combinations are legally possible. The wife may keep her maiden name ("nazwisko panieńskie") or add her husband's surname to hers, thus creating a double name ("nazwisko złożone"). A married man can also adopt his wife's surname, or add it to his. Polish triple-barreled surnames are known to exist; an example is the one borne by Ludwik Kos-Rabczewicz-Zubkowski, a university professor and writer, living in Canada. In Russia, double-barreled surnames are somewhat uncommon, but normal and accepted practice, often associated with some families of note wishing to preserve both of their lineages. Federal law #143-FZ "On Civil State Acts"