Republic of China at the Olympics Republic of China at the Olympics The Republic of China (ROC) participated in its first Summer Olympics in 1932 under the name of ""China"". After the Chinese Civil War the ROC retreated to the island of Taiwan, and only Taiwan-based athletes have competed on behalf of the country since then. The ROC protested the 1979 Nagoya Resolution by boycotting the 1976 Summer Olympics; this continued until the ROC competed under the deliberately ambiguous name ""Chinese Taipei"" in the 1984 Winter Olympics. China also took part in the Opening Ceremony of the 1924 Summer Olympics, but its four athletes (all tennis
Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents The Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents, also known as Taiwan Compatriot Permit, is a type of travel document issued by Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China (MPS) to nationals of the Republic of China (Taiwan) with household registration in the Taiwan Area for entry into Mainland China. The Republic of China passport is not considered as a valid travel document by the People's Republic of China (except when entering at Changsha airport and holding two photos). The permit serves as the main travel document and identity document for ROC