Meissen porcelain further precaution, very few workers knew the special secret ("arcanum") of how to make porcelain, and then perhaps only part of the process. Thus, for a few years, Meissen retained its monopoly on the production of hard-paste porcelain in Europe. By 1717, however, a competing production was set up at Vienna, as Samuel Stöltzel sold the secret recipe, which involved the use of kaolin, also known as china clay. By 1760 about thirty porcelain manufacturers were operating in Europe, most of them, however, producing frit based soft-paste porcelain. In order to identify the original Meissen products, Meissen developed markings that
Collège de la Sainte Famille Thanaweya Amma. All exams are written and prepared in French except for the Arabic language exam, History and Geography which are presented in Arabic. The school also offers the French curriculum. It is optional and is in a preparatory phase starting from the last year in primary school to the last year in preparatory. Then in the last three years of school it is in its complete form. The student obtains the French diploma "Bac Français". Collège de la Sainte Famille The Collège de la Sainte Famille (; ), often abbreviated as CSF and referred to as Jésuites, is a