Papal cross Papal cross The papal cross is a Christian cross, which serves as an emblem for the office of the Pope in ecclesiastical heraldry. It is depicted as a staff with three horizontal bars near the top, in diminishing order of length as the top is approached. The cross is thus analogous to the two-barred archiepiscopal cross used in heraldry to indicate an archbishop, and seems to have been used precisely to indicate an ecclesiastical rank still higher than that of archbishop. In the past, this design of the cross was often used in ecclesiastical heraldry as a distinctive mark of
The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross series, by episode, can be found on the PBS website. "The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross" is Henry Louis Gates, Jr.’s 13th documentary film. Reviewing the series for "The New Yorker", writer and theater critic Hilton Als wrote: “The story Gates tells in his thirteenth documentary film is an epic one, and details how enslaved black Africans became African-Americans... Gates’s quest isn’t ideological; one could call the documentary a kind of ‘Pilgrim’s Progress,’ one in which the burdens are race and property. What becomes abundantly clear vis-à-vis Gates’s lyrical investigation is the innate genius it took for African-Americans to