Hierarchy of the Catholic Church distinct from the general apostolate or ministry of the laity described above. The consultative leadership of the church, in both the diocese and the parish, usually comprises a Pastoral Council and a Finance Council, as well as several Commissions usually focusing on major aspects of the church's life and mission, such as Faith Formation or Christian Education, Liturgy, Social Justice, Ecumenism, or Stewardship. Religious—who can be either lay people or clergy—are members of religious institutes, societies in which the members take public vows and live a fraternal life in common. This is a form of consecrated life distinct from other
Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty lack the Manchu nomenclature and the noble rank system introduced later. Additionally, there were banner offices that later evolved into hereditary noble titles. Despite being used as noble titles, these offices continued to exist and function in the banner hierarchy. To distinguish the noble titles from the offices, they were sometimes called "hereditary office" () or "hereditary rank" (). With a few exceptions, the above titles were, in principle, created for only military merits. There were also titles for civil officials. While there were a few Manchu civil titles, the most important civil titles followed the Han Chinese Confucian tradition,