Forward genetics a bare minimum for the appearance of specific phenotypes. However, such initial screens were either incomplete as they were missing redundant loci and epigenetic effects, and such screens were difficult to undertake for certain phenotypes that lack directly measurable phenotypes. Additionally a classical genetics approach takes significantly longer. Gregor Mendel experimented with pea plant phenotypes and published his conclusions about genes and inheritance in 1865. Around the early 1900s Thomas Hunt Morgan was mutating Drosophila using radium and attempting to find heritable mutations Alfred Sturtevant later began mapping genes of Drosophila with mutations they had been following. In the 1990s
Gregor Mendel Institute of the GMI is Magnus Nordborg. Gregor Mendel Institute The Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI) is a basic research institute in the field of molecular plant biology founded by the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 2000 and located at the Vienna Biocenter. It is named after Gregor Mendel, the "father of genetics", who studied at the University of Vienna in the middle of the 19th century. Research at the GMI covers aspects of molecular genetics, including basic mechanisms of epigenetics, population genetics, chromosome biology, developmental biology, stress signal transduction and plant pathogens. "Arabidopsis thaliana" is the primary