Military history of Italy during World War II until the spring offensive of 1945, after Allied troops had breached the Gothic Line, leading to the surrender of German and RSI forces in Italy on 2 May shortly before Germany finally surrendered ending World War II in Europe on 8 May. Mussolini was captured and killed on 28 April 1945 by the Italian resistance while attempting to flee. Japan reacted with shock and outrage to the news of the surrender of Italy to the Allied forces in September 1943. Italian citizens residing in Japan and in Manchukuo were swiftly rounded up and summarily asked whether they were loyal to
Australia in the War of 1939–1945 industry and science. "Australia in the War of 1939–1945" includes a series on the history of the Australian military medical services and the problems encountered by these services during the war. In April 1943 the Australian War Cabinet decided that an official history of Australia's involvement in World War II should be written. Gavin Long was appointed general editor of the prospective series on the recommendation of C.E.W. Bean, the editor of the "Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918", in January 1943. Long presented a provisional plan of the series to the War Cabinet which approved it