European green woodpecker to split this species into three distinct species: "P. viridis" (Linnaeus, 1758) and "P. innominatus" (Sarudny & Loudon, 1905). The Iberian green woodpecker, ("P. sharpei"), has been split by some taxonomists including the IOC. More than 75% of the range of the European green woodpecker is in Europe, where it is absent from some northern and eastern parts and from Ireland, Greenland and the Macaronesian Islands, but otherwise distributed widely. Over half of the European population is thought to be in France, Spain and Germany, with substantial numbers also in Portugal, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Russia, Croatia, Romania and Bulgaria.
Proposals for an English Academy Hartlib spoke of a pilot scheme he had run. In the years 1648–1650 Balthazar Gerbier revived the idea of an academy on Kynaston's lines in a series of pamphlets. Peter Chamberlen the third suggested an academy to oversee public welfare, as part of his reforming scheme. Around 1660 John Evelyn and Robert Boyle were interested once more in the idea of an academy. Evelyn's experience abroad included a meeting of the Umoristi, an academy in Rome devoted to verse and linguistic matters. Language now became aspect of the "English Academy" issue that continued to resonate with English literati, and was