Provinces of China the province, rather than the nominal governor of the provincial government. The government of each standard province () is nominally led by a provincial committee, headed by a secretary. The committee secretary is first-in-charge of the province; second-in-command is the governor of the provincial government. The People's Republic of China (PRC) claims the island of Taiwan and its surrounding islets, including Penghu, as "Taiwan Province", though Taiwan has not been under control of a government that ruled from mainland China since 1949, when the Republic of China lost the mainland to the Communist Party of China, which established the PRC.
Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents The Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents, also known as Taiwan Compatriot Permit, is a type of travel document issued by Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China (MPS) to nationals of the Republic of China (Taiwan) with household registration in the Taiwan Area for entry into Mainland China. The Republic of China passport is not considered as a valid travel document by the People's Republic of China (except when entering at Changsha airport and holding two photos). The permit serves as the main travel document and identity document for ROC