Hierarchy of the Catholic Church distinct from the general apostolate or ministry of the laity described above. The consultative leadership of the church, in both the diocese and the parish, usually comprises a Pastoral Council and a Finance Council, as well as several Commissions usually focusing on major aspects of the church's life and mission, such as Faith Formation or Christian Education, Liturgy, Social Justice, Ecumenism, or Stewardship. Religious—who can be either lay people or clergy—are members of religious institutes, societies in which the members take public vows and live a fraternal life in common. This is a form of consecrated life distinct from other
Positive psychology in the workplace factor for the staff. Along this line, it is important to examine the role of: helping behaviors, team building exercises, job resources, job security and work support. The emerging field of positive psychology also helps to creatively manage organizational behaviors and to increase productivity in the workplace through applying positive organizational forces. Recent researches on job satisfaction and employee retention have created a great need to focus on implementing positive psychology in the workplace. According to the United States Department of Labor, “In 2009 employed persons worked an average of 7.5 hours on the days they worked, which were mostly