Papal cross Papal cross The papal cross is a Christian cross, which serves as an emblem for the office of the Pope in ecclesiastical heraldry. It is depicted as a staff with three horizontal bars near the top, in diminishing order of length as the top is approached. The cross is thus analogous to the two-barred archiepiscopal cross used in heraldry to indicate an archbishop, and seems to have been used precisely to indicate an ecclesiastical rank still higher than that of archbishop. In the past, this design of the cross was often used in ecclesiastical heraldry as a distinctive mark of
Horizontal escalation only work if the Soviet Union's military reached a ceiling or peak to their Military buildup. While the Soviet Union continued to deny any limits on how large their military could grow, the United States kept building its military with Ronald Reagan's five-year plan and the U.S combined both horizontal escalation and Reagan's five-year plan in attempts to cap the Soviet Union's military growth. This would put a cap on the Soviet Union's military, once their military became spread out and an enormous amount of money was added by the Soviet Union to move and deploy more troops. Horizontal targets