Effects of the Chernobyl disaster of caesium-137 in Europe) While the IAEA/WHO and UNSCEAR considered areas with exposure greater than 40,000 Bq/m, the TORCH report also included areas contaminated with more than 4,000 Bq/m of Cs-137. The TORCH 2006 report "estimated that more than half the iodine-131 from Chernobyl [which increases the risk of thyroid cancer] was deposited outside the former Soviet Union. Possible increases in thyroid cancer have been reported in the Czech Republic and the UK, but more research is needed to evaluate thyroid cancer incidences in Western Europe". It predicted about 30,000 to 60,000 excess cancer deaths, 7 to 15 Times greater
Caesium chloride container which is then enclosed into another steel casing. The sealing is required to protect the salt from moisture. In the laboratory, CsCl can be obtained by treating caesium hydroxide, carbonate, caesium bicarbonate, or caesium sulfide with hydrochloric acid: Caesium chloride is the main precursor to caesium metal by high temperature reduction: A similar reaction – heating CsCl with calcium in vacuum in presence of phosphorus – was first reported in 1905 by the French chemist M. L. Hackspill and is still used industrially. Caesium hydroxide is obtained by electrolysis of aqueous caesium chloride solution: Caesium chloride is widely used