Hour angle is paired with the declination to fully specify the location of a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system. The local hour angle (LHA) of an object in the observer's sky is where LHA is the local hour angle of the object, LST is the local sidereal time, formula_3 is the object's right ascension, GST is Greenwich sidereal time and formula_4 is the observer's longitude (positive east from the prime meridian). These angles can be measured in time (24 hours to a circle) or in degrees (360 degrees to a circle)— one or the other, not both.
Degrees of freedom (statistics) the vectors of residuals are constrained to lie in a space of smaller dimension than the number of components in the vector. That smaller dimension is the number of degrees of freedom for error, also called residual degrees of freedom. Perhaps the simplest example is this. Suppose are random variables each with expected value μ, and let be the "sample mean." Then the quantities are residuals that may be considered estimates of the errors "X" − μ. The sum of the residuals (unlike the sum of the errors) is necessarily 0. If one knows the values of any "n" −