History of botany scope of the subject as technology has opened up new techniques and areas of study. Modern molecular systematics, for example, entails the principles and techniques of taxonomy, molecular biology, computer science and more. Within botany there are a number of sub-disciplines that focus on particular plant groups, each with their own range of related studies (anatomy, morphology etc.). Included here are: phycology (algae), pteridology (ferns), bryology (mosses and liverworts) and palaeobotany (fossil plants) and their histories are treated elsewhere (see side bar). To this list can be added mycology, the study of fungi, which were once treated as plants, but
Institute of Marine Biology provides the scientific expertise, improves the methods of protection and management of ecosystems and its sustainable development. The Institute provides training of scientific personnel by the post-graduate and post-doc studies on the hydrobiological and zoological specialisations. Institute of Marine Biology The Institute of Marine Biology is a research institute of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, which located in Odessa, Ukraine. The institute is organized on the base of the Odessa Branch of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas. The institute was established in December 21, 1953 as the Odessa Biological Station of the Institute of hydrobiology