Wilbur Scoville was first published in 1895 and has gone through at least 8 editions. The book was used as a pharmacological reference up until the 1960s. Scoville also wrote "Extracts and Perfumes", which contained hundreds of formulations. For a time he was a professor at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. In 1912, he devised the test and scale known as the "Scoville Organoleptic Test" while working at the Parke-Davis pharmaceutical company. It measured piquancy, or "spiciness", of various chili peppers. It is now standardized as the Scoville scale. In 1922, Scoville won the Ebert prize from the American
Robust measures of scale used. Another familiar robust measure of scale is the "median absolute deviation" (MAD), the median of the absolute values of the differences between the data values and the overall median of the data set; for a Gaussian distribution, MAD is related to formula_1 as formula_2 (the derivation can be found here). Robust measures of scale can be used as estimators of properties of the population, either for parameter estimation or as estimators of their own expected value. For example, robust estimators of scale are used to estimate the population variance or population standard deviation, generally by multiplying by a scale