Surgical suture father of medicine, Hippocrates, described suture techniques, as did the later Roman Aulus Cornelius Celsus. The 2nd-century Roman physician Galen described gut sutures. In the 10th century, the catgut suture along with the surgery needle were developed by Abulcasis. The catgut suture was similar to that of strings for violins, guitar, and tennis racquet and it involved harvesting sheep intestines. Joseph Lister endorsed the routine sterilization of all suture threads. He first attempted sterilization with the 1860s "carbolic catgut," and chromic catgut followed two decades later. Sterile catgut was finally achieved in 1906 with iodine treatment. The next great leap
Jinghu (instrument) Jinghu (instrument) The jinghu (京胡; pinyin: jīnghú) is a Chinese bowed string instrument in the "huqin" family, used primarily in Beijing opera. It is the smallest and highest pitched instrument in the "huqin" family. Like most of its relatives, the "jinghu" has 2 strings that are customarily tuned to the interval of a 5th which the hair of the non-detachable bow passes in between. The strings were formerly made of silk, but in modern times are increasingly made of steel or nylon. Unlike other "huqin" instruments ("erhu", "gaohu", "zhonghu", etc.) it is made of bamboo. Its cylindrical soundbox is covered