Papal cross his office. It was often merely an artistic device, as use of a staff or crosier was not part of the traditional papal insignia. However, at least one staff surmounted with a papal cross does exist. Symbolism connected with the papal powers have been attached to the three crossbars, similar to the symbolism attached to the three bands on the papal tiara. Papal cross The papal cross is a Christian cross, which serves as an emblem for the office of the Pope in ecclesiastical heraldry. It is depicted as a staff with three horizontal bars near the top, in diminishing
The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross series, by episode, can be found on the PBS website. "The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross" is Henry Louis Gates, Jr.’s 13th documentary film. Reviewing the series for "The New Yorker", writer and theater critic Hilton Als wrote: “The story Gates tells in his thirteenth documentary film is an epic one, and details how enslaved black Africans became African-Americans... Gates’s quest isn’t ideological; one could call the documentary a kind of ‘Pilgrim’s Progress,’ one in which the burdens are race and property. What becomes abundantly clear vis-à-vis Gates’s lyrical investigation is the innate genius it took for African-Americans to