Final stellation of the icosahedron 180 triangular faces, which are the outermost triangular regions in the stellation diagram. These join along 270 edges, which in turn meet at 92 vertices, with an Euler characteristic of 2. The 92 vertices lie on the surfaces of three concentric spheres. The innermost group of 20 vertices form the vertices of a regular dodecahedron; the next layer of 12 form the vertices of a regular icosahedron; and the outer layer of 60 form the vertices of a nonuniform truncated icosahedron. The radii of these spheres are in the ratio When regarded as a three-dimensional solid object with edge lengths
Regular dodecahedron faces) is while the midradius, which touches the middle of each edge, is These quantities may also be expressed as where "ϕ" is the golden ratio. Note that, given a regular dodecahedron of edge length one, "r" is the radius of a circumscribing sphere about a cube of edge length "ϕ", and "r" is the apothem of a regular pentagon of edge length "ϕ". The surface area "A" and the volume "V" of a regular dodecahedron of edge length "a" are: Additionally, the surface area and volume of a regular dodecahedron are related to the golden ratio. A dodecahedron with