Russian Orthodox cross is also called just Orthodox cross. At the same time the Orthodox churches use different crosses and any of them is called "Orthodox cross". Moreover, there are no such crosses like just "Orthodox" or "Catholic", each type of cross is a feature of local tradition. The cross has three horizontal crossbeams — the top one represents the plate which in the older Greek tradition is inscribed with a phrase based on John's Gospel "The King of Glory", but in later images it represents , and the bottom one, a footrest. In many depictions, the side to Christ's right is higher.
Papal mint lost since 1870, been restored in the form of the Vatican City State, but also much new research has been done on the subject of Papal coins, and with it many new discoveries. Moreover, the whole legal and operational basis for the issue of papal coinage has been twice substantially modified, once by the Lateran Pacts and once with the introduction of the euro. While the Catholic Encyclopedia article states, "There can be no papal coins of earlier date than that of the temporal power of the popes", in fact coinage may well have predated the emancipation of the Papal