Deaths due to the Chernobyl disaster and other diseases with longer time latencies following the release of radioactive debris from the disaster. A United Nations' International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) study estimates the final total of premature deaths associated with the disaster will be around 4000, mostly from an estimated 3% increase in cancers, which are already common causes of death in the region. Some non-governmental organizations, many with staunch positions on the spectrum of the nuclear power debate, have claimed numbers up to a million excess deaths caused by the nuclear disaster. UN and other international agencies such as the Chernobyl Forum and the World
Isotopes of caesium into solution and is returned to the surface of the earth as a component of radioactive fallout. Once caesium enters the ground water, it is deposited on soil surfaces and removed from the landscape primarily by particle transport. As a result, the input function of these isotopes can be estimated as a function of time. Caesium-131, introduced in 2004 for brachytherapy, has a half-life of 9.7 days and 30.4 keV energy. Caesium-133 is the only stable isotope of caesium. The second is defined by a specific caesium-133 transition. Since 1967, the official definition of a second is 9,192,631,770 cycles of