Jnana yoga understood as "realization or gnosis", referring to a "path of study" wherein one knows the unity between self and ultimate reality called Brahman in Hinduism. This explanation is found in the ancient Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita. Jñāna yoga is the path towards attaining "jnana". It is one of the three classical types of yoga mentioned in Hindu philosophies, the other two being karma yoga and bhakti. In modern classifications, classical yoga, being called Raja yoga, is mentioned as a fourth one, an extension introduced by Vivekananda. Jnana yoga, states Stephen Phillips, is the "yoga of meditation". Of the three
Bhakti later faith-oriented literature, such as the Avadānas, faith is given an important role in Buddhist doctrine. Nevertheless, faith ("śraddhā") is discussed in different contexts than devotion ("bhakti"). "Bhakti" is often used disparagingly to describe acts of worship to deities, often seen as ineffective and improper for a Buddhist. Also, "bhakti" is clearly connected with a person as an object, whereas "śraddhā" is less connected with a person, and is more connected with truthfulness and truth. Śraddhā focuses on ideas such as the working of karma and merit transfer. Nevertheless, affective devotion is an important part of Buddhist practice, not only