Meissen porcelain further precaution, very few workers knew the special secret ("arcanum") of how to make porcelain, and then perhaps only part of the process. Thus, for a few years, Meissen retained its monopoly on the production of hard-paste porcelain in Europe. By 1717, however, a competing production was set up at Vienna, as Samuel Stöltzel sold the secret recipe, which involved the use of kaolin, also known as china clay. By 1760 about thirty porcelain manufacturers were operating in Europe, most of them, however, producing frit based soft-paste porcelain. In order to identify the original Meissen products, Meissen developed markings that
Une double famille known for his achievements in the genre of melodrama. His talent as a portraitist, however, shines through in the character of Caroline, a talent he displayed and refined throughout the writing of "La Comédie humaine". Une double famille Une double famille ("A Second Home") is a lengthy short story by Honoré de Balzac. The story first appeared in 1830 under the title "La femme vertueuse" ("The Virtuous Woman"). It was subsequently published in 1832 by Mame et Delaunay as part of Balzac's "Scènes de la vie privée" ("Scenes from Private Life"). In 1835 it appeared, in an edition by Madame