Meissen porcelain further precaution, very few workers knew the special secret ("arcanum") of how to make porcelain, and then perhaps only part of the process. Thus, for a few years, Meissen retained its monopoly on the production of hard-paste porcelain in Europe. By 1717, however, a competing production was set up at Vienna, as Samuel Stöltzel sold the secret recipe, which involved the use of kaolin, also known as china clay. By 1760 about thirty porcelain manufacturers were operating in Europe, most of them, however, producing frit based soft-paste porcelain. In order to identify the original Meissen products, Meissen developed markings that
Une famille formidable Une famille formidable Une famille formidable (English: "A Wonderful Family", literal English title: "A marvelous family") is a French romantic comedy television series broadcast since 17 September 1992. It details the goings on of a family, and follows them as they grow up. As of 2008, the cast is the same as the 1992 cast, an unusual feat for a program with a run of this length. In 2012, during the broadcast of the season 9 is celebrated twenty years of the series. In 2017, during the broadcast of the season 14 is celebrated twenty five years of the series.