Knight these orders has its own criteria for eligibility, but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state, monarch, or prelate to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement, as in the British honours system, often for service to the Church or country. The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame. Historically, the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature, particularly the literary cycles known as the Matter of France, relating to the legendary companions of Charlemagne, and the Matter of Britain, relating to the legend of King Arthur. The word "knight", from Old English "cniht" ("boy"
Hilal-i-Jur'at Hilal-i-Jur'at The Hilal-i-Jur'at ( , as if it were "Halāl-e-Jurāt"; English: Crescent of Courage , sometimes spelled as Hilal-e-Jur'at, Hilal-e-Jurat, Hilal-i-Jurrat and Hilal-i-Juraat) is the second-highest military award of Pakistan out of a total of four gallantry awards that were created in 1957. In order of rank it comes after the "Nishan-i-Haider" (the "Sign of the Lion", which is the equivalent to the Victoria Cross and the Medal of Honor under the British Honours System and the United States Honors System, respectively) coming before the Sitara-i-Ju'rat (the "Star of Courage", which is the equivalent of the Distinguished Service Cross and