Half sphere exposure used in predicting discontinuous B-cell epitopes. Song et al. have developed an online webserver termed HSEpred to predict half-sphere exposure from protein primary sequences. HSEpred server can achieve the correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.68 between the predicted and observed HSE-up and HSE-down measures, respectively, when evaluated on a well-prepared non-homologous protein structure dataset. Moreover, residue contact number (CN) can also be accurately predicted by HSEpred webserver using the summation of the predicted HSE-up and HSE-down values, which has further enlarged the application of this new solvent exposure measure. Recently, Heffernan et al. has developed the most accurate predictor for
Sphere spectrum denoted by formula_1. Sphere spectrum In stable homotopy theory, a branch of mathematics, the sphere spectrum "S" is the initial object in the category of spectra. It is the suspension spectrum of "S", i.e., a set of two points. Explicitly, the "n"th space in the sphere spectrum is the "n"-dimensional sphere "S", and the structure maps from the suspension of "S" to "S" are the canonical homeomorphisms. The "k"-th homotopy group of a sphere spectrum is the "k"-th stable homotopy group of spheres. The localization of the sphere spectrum at a prime number "p" is called the local sphere at