PH temperature increases. Pure water is neutral, pH 7 at (25 °C), being neither an acid nor a base. Contrary to popular belief, the pH value can be less than 0 or greater than 14 for very strong acids and bases respectively. Measurements of pH are important in agronomy, medicine, chemistry, water treatment, and many other applications. The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. Primary pH standard values are determined using a concentration cell with transference, by measuring the potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode such
Glyoxylic acid "monohydrate." This geminal diol exists in equilibrium with the dimeric hemiacetal in solution: Henry's law constant of glyoxylic acid is K = 1.09 × 10 × exp[(40.0 × 10/R) × (1/T − 1/298)]. The conjugate base of glyoxylic acid is known as glyoxylate and is the form that the compound exists in solution at neutral pH. Glyoxylate is the byproduct of the amidation process in biosynthesis of several amidated peptides. Historically glyoxylic acid was prepared from oxalic acid electrosynthetically: In organic synthesis, lead dioxide anodes were applied for the production of glyoxylic acid from oxalic acid in a sulfuric acid