Ricinus caruncle promotes the dispersal of the seed by ants (myrmecochory). The name "Ricinus" is a Latin word for tick; the seed is so named because it has markings and a bump at the end that resemble certain ticks. The genus "Ricinus" also exists in zoology, and designates insects (not ticks) which are parasites of birds; this is possible because the names of animals and plants are governed by different nomenclature codes. The common name "castor oil" probably comes from its use as a replacement for castoreum, a perfume base made from the dried perineal glands of the beaver ("castor" in
Animal welfare and rights in Malaysia owning an animal indefinitely. The AWA also increases the penalty for cruelty from the AA's maximum of a RM200 fine and/or up to 6 months imprisonment, to a fine between RM20,000 and RM100,000 and/or up to 3 years in prison. In 2014 (before the passage of the AWA), Malaysia received a C out of possible grades A,B,C,D,E,F,G on World Animal Protection's Animal Protection Index. Penalties for cruelty towards animals have historically been very mild. According to SEE (2013), "These cases more or less sum up the history of animal cruelty prosecution in Malaysia." There were also an additional four animal