W. Ross Ashby Digital Archive. Ross Ashby was one of the original members of the Ratio Club, a small informal dining club of young psychologists, physiologists, mathematicians and engineers who met to discuss issues in cybernetics. The club was founded in 1949 by the neurologist John Bates and continued to meet until 1958. The title of his book "An Introduction to Cybernetics" popularised the usage of the term 'cybernetics' to refer to self-regulating systems, originally coined by Norbert Wiener in "". The book dealt primarily with homeostatic processes within living organisms, rather than in an engineering or electronic context. Earlier, in 1946, Alan
Wiener algebra functions on the unit circle. On the other hand an integration by parts, together with the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality and Parseval's formula, shows that More generally, for formula_8 (see ). proved that if has absolutely convergent Fourier series and is never zero, then its inverse also has an absolutely convergent Fourier series. Many other proofs have appeared since then, including an elementary one by . which is equivalent to Wiener's theorem. Wiener algebra In mathematics, the Wiener algebra, named after Norbert Wiener and usually denoted by , is the space of absolutely convergent Fourier series. Here denotes the circle group. The