University of Manchester Library in 1904. In July 1972 this library merged with the John Rylands Library to become the John Rylands University Library of Manchester (JRULM). On 1 October 2004 the library of the Victoria University of Manchester merged with the Joule Library of UMIST forming the John Rylands University Library (JRUL). The Joule Library was the successor of the library of the Manchester Mechanics' Institute (established in 1824) which later became the library of the University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology (UMIST). One of the Institute's first actions was to establish a library, with a full-time librarian, at premises in
Rylands v Fletcher the "thing", and where there is statutory authority for the accumulation. The principles of "Rylands v Fletcher" were initially applied in Scots law, first in the case of "Mackintosh v Mackintosh", where a fire spreading from the defendant's land to the claimant's land caused property damage. Scots lawyers and judges applied "Rylands" differently from their English counterparts, however. While the rule is interpreted in England and Wales as being distinct from negligence and the rules of duty of care and liability applied there, the principle in Scotland was that "negligence is still the ground of liability. The only difference is