Cybernetics Forrester at MIT in the 1950s, is a related field. Cybernetics has been defined in a variety of ways, by a variety of people, from a variety of disciplines. Cybernetician Stuart Umpleby reports some notable definitions: Other notable definitions include: The term "cybernetics" stems from κυβερνήτης ("cybernḗtēs") "steersman, governor, pilot, or rudder". As with the ancient Greek pilot, independence of thought is important in cybernetics. French physicist and mathematician André-Marie Ampère first coined the word "cybernetique" in his 1834 essay "Essai sur la philosophie des sciences" to describe the science of civil government. The term was borrowed by Norbert Wiener,
Wiener series by Norbert Wiener used in signal processing. Given a system with an input/output pair formula_1 where the input is white noise with zero mean value and power A, we can write the output of the system as sum of a series of Wiener G-functionals formula_2 In the following the expressions of the G-functionals up to the fifth order will be given: formula_3 formula_4 formula_5 formula_6 formula_7 formula_8 formula_9 formula_10 formula_11 Wiener series In mathematics, the Wiener series (or "Wiener G-functional expansion") originates from the 1958 book of Norbert Wiener. It is an orthogonal expansion for nonlinear functionals closely related to