Plasmodium vivax the first-line treatment for "P. falciparum" malaria, it may also be used for P. vivax malaria in combination with primaquine for radical cure. An exception is artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP), which is not effective against P. vivax in many places. Mefloquine is a good alternative and in some countries is more readily available. Atovaquone-proguanil is an effective alternative in patients unable to tolerate chloroquine. Quinine may be used to treat "vivax" malaria but is associated with inferior outcomes. 32–100% of patients will relapse following successful treatment of "P. vivax" infection if a radical cure (eradication of liver stages) is not
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, held at Geneva, and approved by the Economic and Social Council in resolutions of 31 July 1957 and 13 May 1977. Since their adoption by the Economic and Social Council in 1957, the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (SMRs) have constituted the universally acknowledged minimum standards for the treatment of prisoners, and probably represent the most well known amongst the United Nations standards in crime prevention and criminal justice. Despite their legally non-binding nature, the rules have been of tremendous importance worldwide as a source of inspiration for relevant national