Phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming) Phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming) Phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming) (CrtI, "four-step phytoene desaturase") (, "15-cis-phytoene:acceptor oxidoreductase (lycopene-forming)") are enzymes found in archaea, bacteria and fungi that are involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. They catalyze the conversion of colorless 15-"cis"-phytoene into a bright red lycopene in a biochemical pathway called the poly-trans pathway. The same process in plants and cyanobacteria utilizes four separate enzymes in a poly-cis pathway. Bacterial phytoene desaturases were shown to require FAD as a cofactor for their function. During the chemical reaction in total four additional double bonds are introduced into phytoene: In 2000 it was discovered that the gene insertion
Blue Is the Warmest Colour Blue Is the Warmest Colour Blue Is the Warmest Colour (; ), known as Blue Is the Warmest Color in the United States, is a 2013 French romance film co-written, co-produced, and directed by Abdellatif Kechiche, and starring Léa Seydoux and Adèle Exarchopoulos. The film follows Adèle (Exarchopoulos), a French teenager who discovers desire and freedom when an aspiring painter (Seydoux) enters her life. The film charts their relationship from Adele's high school years to her early adult life and career as a school teacher. The premise of "Blue Is the Warmest Colour" is based on the 2010 graphic novel