Torino scale the validity and societal impact of SETI data. The Torino Scale also uses a color code scale: white, green, yellow, orange, red. Each color code has an overall meaning: No object has ever been rated above level 4. The Chicxulub impact, believed by most scientists to be a significant factor in the extinction of the dinosaurs, has been estimated at 100 million (10) megatons, or Torino Scale 10. The impacts which created the Barringer Crater and the Tunguska event in 1908 are both estimated to be in the 3–10 megaton range, corresponding to Torino Scale 8. The 2013 Chelyabinsk meteor
Gardner color scale the liquid. This procedure isn't extremely accurate due to variations of observers, illumination and to some extent the standards themselves. Gardner Color can also be measured by a dual beam xenon flash spectrophotometer, for example the ColorQuest XT. Spectrophotometers measure the percent transmittance of the product and automatically calculate and provide the Gardner color number using illuminant C and 2º observer. Gardner color scale Gardner Color Scale is a one-dimensional scale to measure the shade of the color yellow. Colors of transparent liquids have been studied visually since the early 19th century. Changes in color can indicate contamination or impurities