16 (number) old days, weighing was done with a beam balance to make equal splits. It would be easier to split a heap of grains into sixteen equal parts through successive divisions than to split into ten parts. Chinese Taoists did finger computation on the trigrams and hexagrams by counting the finger tips and joints of the fingers with the tip of the thumb. Each hand can count up to 16 in such manner. The Chinese abacus uses two upper beads to represent the 5s and 5 lower beads to represent the 1s, the 7 beads can represent a hexadecimal digit from
Prime-counting function numbers. On the other hand, the computation of formula_29 can be done using the following rules: Using his method and an IBM 701, Lehmer was able to compute formula_57. Further improvements to this method were made by Lagarias, Miller, Odlyzko, Deléglise and Rivat. Other prime-counting functions are also used because they are more convenient to work with. One is Riemann's prime-counting function, usually denoted as formula_58 or formula_59. This has jumps of 1/"n" for prime powers "p", with it taking a value halfway between the two sides at discontinuities. That added detail is used because then the function may be