Argyle diamond mine at the Ekati mine, both in Canada. However, Argyle has two to four times the concentration of diamonds (ore grade) of these mines. This makes extraction economically feasible, as mine costs are mostly related to the amount of ore processed, not the amount of diamond extracted. In 2005, Rio Tinto was given the go-ahead to a future expansion project, moving it from an open pit to an underground mine. This plan was postponed; in September 2010 Rio Tinto announced fresh plans to develop an underground mine beneath the existing pit, increasing annual production to 9 million tonnes of ore. The
Melnikov Permafrost Institute opened in 2012. Melnikov Permafrost Institute Melnikov Permafrost Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science () is a research institute based in Yakutsk, Russia. It was founded in 1960. Method for Determining Air Content in Frozen Soil, Method and Apparatus for Determining Volume and Density of Soil Particles, Apparatus for Heat Exchange of Liquids and Gases, Method for Determining Frost Heave during Active Layer Freezeback, Pile for Permafrost, Device for Cooling Permafrost Soils, Method for Production of a Pile Foundation for Permafrost, Device for Stabilization of Indoor Temperature and other. Cryo-storage of seeds of rare and