History of Northwich was the Stanley's, later Earls of Derby and stayed in the family’s hands until the late 18th century. That salt production continued throughout the centuries can be seen through John Leland's description of the town in 1540: Although Leland described Northwich as a market town, there is no surviving charter for a market or fair. A market still exists today. Between 1642 and 1643, during the English Civil War, Northwich was fortified and garrisoned by Sir William Bereton for the Parliamentarians. The salt beds beneath Northwich were re-discovered in the 1670s by employees of the local Smith-Barry family. The Smith-Barrys
Gold mining in the United States no royalty. However, a 2009 report by the US Government Accountability office (GAO) characterizes certain state taxes on mineral production as "functional royalties," in that they take a share of mineral production, including gold production, fr the public benefit. State taxes narrowly targeting mineral production include severance taxes, mining license taxes, and extraction excise taxes. Extraction taxes on gold mining 12 of the major western gold-mining states (in descending order of gold production) are: In 2015 Nevada and Alaska together accounted for 90.3% of US gold production. Gold mining in the United States Gold mining in the United States has