Teleology which focuses instead on goal-contribution. With the objective goals of organisms being survival and inclusive fitness, Piccinini and Maley define teleological functions to be “a stable contribution by a trait (or component, activity, property) of organisms belonging to a biological population to an objective goal of those organisms.” Julian Bigelow, Arturo Rosenblueth, and Norbert Wiener have conceived of feedback mechanisms as lending a teleology to machinery. Wiener, a mathematician, coined the term 'cybernetics' to denote the study of "teleological mechanisms." Cybernetics is the study of the communication and control of regulatory feedback both in living beings and machines, and in
Wiener algebra Wiener algebra In mathematics, the Wiener algebra, named after Norbert Wiener and usually denoted by , is the space of absolutely convergent Fourier series. Here denotes the circle group. The norm of a function is given by where is the th Fourier coefficient of . The Wiener algebra is closed under pointwise multiplication of functions. Indeed, therefore Thus the Wiener algebra is a commutative unitary Banach algebra. Also, is isomorphic to the Banach algebra , with the isomorphism given by the Fourier transform. The sum of an absolutely convergent Fourier series is continuous, so where is the ring of continuous