Ceria-zirconia oxides is thermodynamically favorable in a wide range of solid solution compositions, which means that ceria-zirconia is metastable with respect to phase separation. Ceria-zirconia is widely used as a component in current three-way catalytic converters. The ceria-based component of the converter has several functions, including promoting the dispersion of the noble metals in the catalyst, but also storing and releasing oxygen. The incorporation of zirconium in modern converters, forming ceria-zirconia, improves the performance of the catalyst by enhancing the resistance of the material to sintering, and simultaneously increasing the ability of the oxide to accommodate oxygen vacancies in its structure.
Zirconium(III) chloride example, zirconium trichloride can be prepared by reduction of zirconium tetrachloride with hydrogen. Some zirconium halides (ZrCl, ZrBr, and ZrI) have structures similar to HfI. They also have similar space group (P6/mcm) and hexagonal structure with 2 molecules in the cell. The magnetic susceptibility of zirconium trichloride suggests metal-metal interactions of the unpaired electron on each Zr(III) center. The magnetic moment of ZrCl (0.4 BM) indicates considerable overlap of metal orbitals. Zirconium(III) chloride Zirconium(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with formula ZrCl. It is a blue-black solid that is highly sensitive to air. The material was first claimed by Ruff