W. Ross Ashby Digital Archive. Ross Ashby was one of the original members of the Ratio Club, a small informal dining club of young psychologists, physiologists, mathematicians and engineers who met to discuss issues in cybernetics. The club was founded in 1949 by the neurologist John Bates and continued to meet until 1958. The title of his book "An Introduction to Cybernetics" popularised the usage of the term 'cybernetics' to refer to self-regulating systems, originally coined by Norbert Wiener in "". The book dealt primarily with homeostatic processes within living organisms, rather than in an engineering or electronic context. Earlier, in 1946, Alan
Wiener algebra Wiener algebra In mathematics, the Wiener algebra, named after Norbert Wiener and usually denoted by , is the space of absolutely convergent Fourier series. Here denotes the circle group. The norm of a function is given by where is the th Fourier coefficient of . The Wiener algebra is closed under pointwise multiplication of functions. Indeed, therefore Thus the Wiener algebra is a commutative unitary Banach algebra. Also, is isomorphic to the Banach algebra , with the isomorphism given by the Fourier transform. The sum of an absolutely convergent Fourier series is continuous, so where is the ring of continuous