Half sphere exposure both HSEα and HSEβ based on a big dataset by using multiple-step iterative deep neural-network learning. The predicted HSEa shows a higher correlation coefficient to the stability change by residue mutants than predicted HSEβ and ASA. The results, together with its easy Ca-atom-based calculation, highlight the potential usefulness of predicted HSEa for protein structure prediction and refinement as well as function prediction. Half sphere exposure Half Sphere Exposure (HSE) is a protein solvent exposure measure that was first introduced by . Like all solvent exposure measures it measures how buried amino acid residues are in a protein. It is found
Half-integer by a power of two. The set of all half-integers is often denoted The integers and half-integers together form a group under the addition operation, which may be denoted However, these numbers do not form a ring because the product of two half-integers cannot be itself a half-integer. The densest lattice packing of unit spheres in four dimensions, called the "D" lattice, places a sphere at every point whose coordinates are either all integers or all half-integers. This packing is closely related to the Hurwitz integers, which are quaternions whose real coefficients are either all integers or all half-integers. In