Half sphere exposure used in predicting discontinuous B-cell epitopes. Song et al. have developed an online webserver termed HSEpred to predict half-sphere exposure from protein primary sequences. HSEpred server can achieve the correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.68 between the predicted and observed HSE-up and HSE-down measures, respectively, when evaluated on a well-prepared non-homologous protein structure dataset. Moreover, residue contact number (CN) can also be accurately predicted by HSEpred webserver using the summation of the predicted HSE-up and HSE-down values, which has further enlarged the application of this new solvent exposure measure. Recently, Heffernan et al. has developed the most accurate predictor for
Bloch sphere sphere is also known as the Poincaré sphere and specifically represents different types of polarizations. Six common polarization types exist and are called Jones Vectors. Indeed Henri Poincaré was the first to suggest the use of this kind of geometrical representation at the end of 19th century, as a three-dimensional representation of Stokes parameters. The natural metric on the Bloch sphere is the Fubini–Study metric. The mapping from the unit 3-sphere in the two-dimensional state space ℂ to the Bloch sphere is the Hopf fibration. Given an orthonormal basis, any pure state formula_3 of a two-level quantum system can be