Valles Caldera Valles Caldera dates back to the prehistoric times: spear points dating to 11,000 years ago have been discovered. Several Native American tribes frequented the caldera, often seasonally for hunting and for obsidian, used for spear and arrow points. Obsidian from the caldera was traded by tribes across much of the Southwest. Eventually, Spanish and later Mexican settlers as well as the Navajo and other tribes came to the caldera seasonally for grazing with periodic clashes and raids. Later as the United States acquired New Mexico as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, the caldera became the backdrop
Public criminology etiology of drug abuse and the assessment of drug policy, race and criminal justice. George L. Kirkham was a criminologist who became a police officer. He wrote a book entitled "signal zero" in 1976 which was an attempt to change student's perceptions of a police officer. Despite these widespread calls for public criminology, many criminologists have voiced concerns regarding the challenges and pitfalls facing the emerging discipline. Uggen & Inderbitzin themselves highlight the structural disincentives towards practicing public criminology including concerns about the "out-left political agenda of many public sociologists... which is a perceived retreat from scientific standards and methods,