Cybernetics Forrester at MIT in the 1950s, is a related field. Cybernetics has been defined in a variety of ways, by a variety of people, from a variety of disciplines. Cybernetician Stuart Umpleby reports some notable definitions: Other notable definitions include: The term "cybernetics" stems from κυβερνήτης ("cybernḗtēs") "steersman, governor, pilot, or rudder". As with the ancient Greek pilot, independence of thought is important in cybernetics. French physicist and mathematician André-Marie Ampère first coined the word "cybernetique" in his 1834 essay "Essai sur la philosophie des sciences" to describe the science of civil government. The term was borrowed by Norbert Wiener,
Advances in Complex Systems Abstracts, Zentralblatt MATH, Science Citation Index Expanded, CompuMath Citation Index, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences," ISI Alerting Services, and Inspec. Advances in Complex Systems Advances in Complex Systems (ACS) is a peer-reviewed journal published quarterly by World Scientific providing a multidisciplinary perspective to the study of complex systems. The journal was founded in 1997 and aims to "promote cross-fertilization of ideas among all the scientific disciplines having to deal with their own complex systems". Papers in ACS are divided into five sections, each managed by a separate editor: Physics and Mathematics; Computer Sciences; Biological Systems; Social and Economic Systems;