Shunt (electrical) called a "crowbar" as it is likened to dropping an actual crowbar across a set of bus bars (exposed electrical conductors). An ammeter shunt allows the measurement of current values too large to be directly measured by a particular ammeter. In this case the shunt, a manganin resistor of accurately known resistance, is placed in parallel with the moving coil galvanometer, thus all of the current to be measured will flow through it. In order not to disrupt the circuit, the resistance of the shunt is normally very low. The voltage drop across the shunt is proportional to the current
Electrical cardiometry Electrical cardiometry Electrical cardiometry is a method based on the model of "Electrical Velocimetry", and non-invasively measures stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and other hemodynamic parameters through the use of 4 surface ECG electrodes. Electrical cardiometry is a method trademarked by Cardiotronic, Inc., and is U.S. FDA approved for use on adults, children, and neonates. The measured bioimpedance over time can be expressed as the superposition of three components: where Z is the quasi-static portion of the electrical impedance (base impedance), ΔZ are the changes of impedance due to the respiratory cycle, and ΔZ are the changes of impedance