National Animal Identification System will put small farmers out of business, by requiring that farmers pay the cost of registration devices of between $1 and $20 for each animal. Large, corporate factory farms which are connected to vertically integrated, birth-to-death factory systems ID and pay by the herd (and not the individual animal), while small farmers must pay it for each animal. The National Animal Identification System covers most livestock species, including cattle, poultry, horses, donkeys, mules, sheep, goats and swine, as well as bison, deer, elk, llamas, alpacas and even some fish species, under the heading of aquaculture. Household pets such as cats
Animal geography "Critical Animal Geographies: Politics, Intersections and Hierarchies in a Multispecies World", and Wilcox and Rutherford's "Historical Animal Geographies". There are presently nine areas of focus within animal geography: 1. "Theorizing animal geography". Two major works addressing how to think about human-animal relations as a whole are Whatmore’s Hybrid Geographies, Hobson’s work on political animals through the practice of bear-file farming, and new scholarship that look at animals' relations with the material world. 2. "Urban animal geography". Researchers in this area seek to understand that cities are, historically and today, multi-species spaces. Theoretical work comes from Wolch et al. on what