Drug injection taking drugs, injection is favoured by some people as the full effects of the drug are experienced very quickly, typically in five to ten seconds. It also bypasses first-pass metabolism in the liver, resulting in higher bioavailability and efficiency for many drugs (such as morphine or diacetylmorphine/heroin; roughly two-thirds of which is destroyed in the liver when consumed orally) than oral ingestion would. The effect is that the person gets a stronger (yet shorter-acting) effect from the same amount of the drug. Drug injection is therefore often related to substance dependence. In a recreational context, the shorter, more intense "high"
Center for Scientific and Technical Creativity of the Youth subsidiaries of Komsomol "raikoms". The Centers enjoyed various benefits, including no taxes and only 3% contribution to the all-union fund. The fortunes of quite a few "new Russians", notably Mikhail Khodorkovsky arose from these Centers. The Centers continue to exist in modern Russia. Similar establishments were the Foundations of Youth Initiatives (фонды молодёжных инициатив, ФМИ). Center for Scientific and Technical Creativity of the Youth Centers for Scientific and Technical Creativity of the Youth , NTTM) were established in the late Soviet Union during "perestroika" as enterprises whose goal was commercialization of science and technology. Other translations of the Russian term