Schistosomiasis artesunate, or mefloquine. A Cochrane review found tentative evidence that when used alone, metrifonate was as effective as praziquantel. Another agent, mefloquine, which has previously been used to treat and prevent malaria, was recognised in 2008–2009 to be effective against "Schistosoma". Historically, antimony potassium tartrate remained the treatment of choice for schistosomiasis until the development of praziquantel in the 1980s. The disease is found in tropical countries in Africa, the Caribbean, eastern South America, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. "S. mansoni" is found in parts of South America and the Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East; "S. haematobium" in
Mefloquine ears. It is therefore not recommended in people with a history of mental health problems or epilepsy. Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, and a rash. It is not recommended in pregnancy unless other options are not available. It should not be used during breast feeding. Mefloquine was developed by the United States Army in the 1970s and came into use in the mid 1980s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. The wholesale price in the