Teleology which focuses instead on goal-contribution. With the objective goals of organisms being survival and inclusive fitness, Piccinini and Maley define teleological functions to be “a stable contribution by a trait (or component, activity, property) of organisms belonging to a biological population to an objective goal of those organisms.” Julian Bigelow, Arturo Rosenblueth, and Norbert Wiener have conceived of feedback mechanisms as lending a teleology to machinery. Wiener, a mathematician, coined the term 'cybernetics' to denote the study of "teleological mechanisms." Cybernetics is the study of the communication and control of regulatory feedback both in living beings and machines, and in
Wiener filter criterion of the latter does not rely on cross-correlations or auto-correlations. Its solution converges to the Wiener filter solution. For complex signals, the derivation of the complex Wiener filter is performed by minimizing formula_55 =formula_56. This involves computing partial derivatives with respect to both the real and imaginary parts of formula_32, and requiring them both to be zero. The resulting Wiener-Hopf equations are: which can be rewritten in matrix form: Note here that:formula_60 The Wiener coefficient vector is then computed as:formula_61 The Wiener filter has a variety of applications in signal processing, image processing, control systems, and digital communications. These