Cybernetics Forrester at MIT in the 1950s, is a related field. Cybernetics has been defined in a variety of ways, by a variety of people, from a variety of disciplines. Cybernetician Stuart Umpleby reports some notable definitions: Other notable definitions include: The term "cybernetics" stems from κυβερνήτης ("cybernḗtēs") "steersman, governor, pilot, or rudder". As with the ancient Greek pilot, independence of thought is important in cybernetics. French physicist and mathematician André-Marie Ampère first coined the word "cybernetique" in his 1834 essay "Essai sur la philosophie des sciences" to describe the science of civil government. The term was borrowed by Norbert Wiener,
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding He also argued that Locke's conception of material substance was unintelligible, a view which he also later advanced in the "Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous". At the same time, Locke's work provided crucial groundwork for future empiricists such as David Hume. John Wynne published "An Abridgment of Mr. Locke's Essay concerning the Human Understanding", with Locke's approval, in 1696. Louisa Capper wrote "An Abridgment of Locke's Essay concerning the Human Understanding", published in 1811. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is a work by John Locke concerning the foundation of human knowledge and understanding. It