Black dogfish to the clade formed by the granular dogfish ("C. granulatum") and combtooth dogfish ("C. nigrum"). The black dogfish is a common species, with a wide but discontinuous distribution in the temperate waters of the Atlantic Ocean; its range abuts, but does not extend into, the Arctic Ocean. In the northeast, it occurs from Iceland to Sierra Leone, including the Faroe Islands, southern Norway, and the Rockall Trough and Porcupine Seabight off Ireland. In the northwest, it is found from southern Greenland and Baffin Island to Virginia, being particularly abundant in the Laurentian Channel, and may occur further south to the
Mariana Trough Iwo Jima), and Iwo Jima . Rifting and spreading are inferred to be propagating northward at a rate of 10 to 40 cm/year , so the variations in tectonic and magmatic style seen along-strike north of 18°N provide an example of the sequence of events that occur at any one section across the back-arc basin as the rift evolves from updoming through rifting to true spreading. Mariana Trough The Mariana Trough is an active back-arc basin in the western Pacific Ocean . It is an integral part of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc system. The Mariana Trough stretches 1300 km from north