Argyle diamond mine of tunnelling, the Argyle underground block cave development was officially completed. In 2013, Argyle is estimated to produce 10.2 million carats with an average per carat price of $25/carat. The Argyle diamond mine is also notable for being the first successful commercial diamond mine exploiting a volcanic pipe of lamproite, rather than the more usual kimberlite pipe; much earlier attempts to mine diamonds from a lamproite pipe in Arkansas, USA were commercially unsuccessful. The Argyle mine is owned by the Rio Tinto Group, a diversified mining company which also owns the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada and the Murowa Diamond
Melnikov Permafrost Institute opened in 2012. Melnikov Permafrost Institute Melnikov Permafrost Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science () is a research institute based in Yakutsk, Russia. It was founded in 1960. Method for Determining Air Content in Frozen Soil, Method and Apparatus for Determining Volume and Density of Soil Particles, Apparatus for Heat Exchange of Liquids and Gases, Method for Determining Frost Heave during Active Layer Freezeback, Pile for Permafrost, Device for Cooling Permafrost Soils, Method for Production of a Pile Foundation for Permafrost, Device for Stabilization of Indoor Temperature and other. Cryo-storage of seeds of rare and