Tuba after American bandmaster John Philip Sousa, resembles a hélicon with the bell pointed up (in the original models as the J. W. Pepper prototype and Sousa's concert instruments) and then curved to point forward (as developed by Conn and others). Some ancestors of the tuba, such as the military "bombardon", had unusual valve and bore arrangements compared to modern tubas. During the American Civil War, most brass bands used a branch of the brass family known as "saxhorns", which, by today's standards, have a narrower bore taper than tuba—the same as true cornets and baritones, but distinct from trumpets, euphoniums,
Tenor horn bell easily rotated to point in the direction of the player's choice. The standard bell-up horn comes in two basic shapes, one with the beginning of the bell looping over the top of the valves and the other looping below the valves. These types are the most frequently encountered in the United States and UK. Only the standard upright instrument is seen in UK brass bands. In Europe, Červený have been manufacturing tenor horns since 1852. They currently offer models of the instrument looped like a classic horn and an oval model shaped like a Wagner tuba, all models having