Electrical liner integrity survey the earth below the geomembrane. The leak detection equipment features an ammeter in series with the applied potential circuit. The ammeter registers an increase in current in the presence of a leak, resulting in an audible tone and visual increase in the current level. The expected minimum sensitivity of the water-based bare geomembrane liner integrity methods is a one millimeter diameter circular leak. For the arc testing method, water is not required. A low voltage is introduced above the geomembrane and grounded to the conductive layer below it. In the presence of a hole, an electrical arc is formed along
Electrical mobility from exhaust gases on an industrial scale. The particles are given a charge by exposing them to ions from an electrical discharge in the presence of a strong field. The particles acquire an electrical mobility and are driven by the field to a collecting electrode. Instruments exist which select particles with a narrow range of electrical mobility, or particles with electrical mobility larger than a predefined value. The former are generally referred to as "differential mobility analyzers". The selected mobility is often identified with the diameter of a singly charged spherical particle, thus the "electrical-mobility diameter" becomes a characteristic of