Black fax to harass large institutions or government departments, to retaliate against the senders of junk faxes, or merely as simple pranks. The basic principle of a black fax can be extended to form a "black fax attack." In this case, one or more sheets are fed halfway through the sender's fax machine and taped end to end, forming an endless loop that cycles through the machine. Not only can solid black be used, but also images which will repeat endlessly on the receiver's machine until its toner runs out. The introduction of computer-based facsimile systems (combined with integrated document imaging solutions)
Junk fax that time. However, by the late 1990s, junk faxing had once again become a widespread problem in the U.S., with the entry of a number of large-scale fax broadcasters who boasted of the capacity to send millions of fax advertisements per day. Because the legal restrictions of fax advertising are more widely known today, junk faxes are now predominately used in connection with disreputable or fly-by-night marketers. The Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (47 USC 227), or TCPA, among other things specifically outlawed junk faxing: The TCPA also requires a fax transmitter to identify the source phone number and