History of Taoism These Zhenren spoke of an apocalypse which was to arrive in 384, and claimed that only certain people from this aristocratic circle had been chosen to be saved. For the first century of its existence, Shangqing Taoism was isolated to this aristocratic circle. However, Tao Hongjing (456–536) codified and wrote commentaries on Yang Xi's writings and allowed for the creation of Shangqing Taoism as a popular religion. The Lingbao scriptures added some Buddhist elements such as an emphasis on universal salvation. Also during the Six Dynasties period, the Celestial Master movement re-emerged in two distinct forms. The Northern Celestial Masters
Yang ± Yin: Gender in Chinese Cinema in spite of social conservatism and government censorship. Chia-Chi Wu writes, 'In its queering of Chinese-language film– reclaiming or recreating Chinese texts for queer interpretation – "Yang±Yin" undercuts heteronormativity and patriarchy foundational to nationalist discourses of Chinese communities and creates a queer imaginary that is ‘pan-Chinese’.' Kwan draws attention to the coded or subtle queerness of Chinese cinema. For example, director Zhang Che describes, 'possible 'Freudian' readings' of his film "The Slaughter In Xi'an" (1990), thus, according to Fran Martin, 'validating the power of the spectators agency and never denying the erotic tensions bubbling beneath supposedly chaste canons of Confuscian