Buccinator muscle refer in Roman antiquity to a crooked horn or trumpet, a shepherd's horn or a war-trumpet. Despite its similarity to the classical Latin name for cheek, i.e. bucca, the words "bucinator", "bucina", and "bucinere" (to blow the bucina) are not related to "bucca", hence some disapproved the spelling "buccinator". Although the name "bucinator" is not derived from "bucca", this muscle is also called "musculus buccae" or "musculus buccalis" in Latin and muscle of the cheek in English. The most recent official Latin anatomic nomenclature ("Terminologia Anatomica"), and preceding editions ("Nomina Anatomica") Buccinator muscle The buccinator ( ) is a thin
Reduced muscle mass, strength and performance in space with the microgravity environment. It is this knowledge base on which future operational countermeasures and investigations into the fundamental changes in muscle physiology will be based. The responses of the human body to microgravity exposure during spaceflight involve adaptations at numerous levels. It is believed that skeletal muscle adaptations to microgravity, which affect both muscle mass and function, involve structural alterations in the neural as well as the myofibrillar components of skeletal muscle. It is well accepted that the muscles involved in the maintenance of an upright position in terrestrial gravity (the antigravity muscles) are the most susceptible to spaceflight-induced