Phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming) Phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming) Phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming) (CrtI, "four-step phytoene desaturase") (, "15-cis-phytoene:acceptor oxidoreductase (lycopene-forming)") are enzymes found in archaea, bacteria and fungi that are involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. They catalyze the conversion of colorless 15-"cis"-phytoene into a bright red lycopene in a biochemical pathway called the poly-trans pathway. The same process in plants and cyanobacteria utilizes four separate enzymes in a poly-cis pathway. Bacterial phytoene desaturases were shown to require FAD as a cofactor for their function. During the chemical reaction in total four additional double bonds are introduced into phytoene: In 2000 it was discovered that the gene insertion
Cockatiel colour genetics essentially gone. It is only covered up by more grey pigment. There are a tremendous number of colour varieties (combined mutations), including ADMpied Cinnamon, genuine albino, Opaline Cinnamon, Creamino, White-faced Cinnamon, White-faced Opaline. The genuine albino cockatiel is the exact genetic equivalent of any other albino mutation in other parrot species such as the budgerigar, the celestial a.k.a. Pacific parrotlet, the Indian-ringnecked subspecies of rose-ringed parakeet, the splendid a.k.a. scarlet-chested parrot and the white-eye-ringed lovebird species. Throughout all parrot and parakeet species, the genuine albino mutation is always produced by the visual combination of the genuine blue mutation, otherwise known