Toronto Police Service in 1834 when the city of Toronto was first created from the town of York. (Prior to that, local able-bodied male citizens were required to report for night duty as special constables for a fixed number of nights a year on the pain of fine or imprisonment in a system known as "watch and ward". The Toronto Police is one of the English-speaking world's oldest modern municipal police departments; older than, for example, the New York City Police Department which was formed in 1845 or the Boston Police Department which was established in 1839. The London Metropolitan Police of 1829
Organisation and structure of the Metropolitan Police Service being formally made by Her Majesty The Queen. The Frontline Policing Directorate, formerly known as Territorial Policing, is commanded by Assistant Commissioner Martin Hewitt who is responsible for providing the day-to-day local policing of Greater London, the police area defined in legislation as the Metropolitan Police District. Until 2018 the MPD was divided into 32 Borough Operational Command Units (BOCUs); with each London borough assigned a BOCU. Each BOCU was commanded by a Chief Superintendent. Each BOCU provided police officers (Regular and Specials) who were responsible for patrolling, and responding to emergencies. Safer Neighbourhood Teams (SNTs) were usually made up