Phonological history of Old English Proto-Germanic phonology and Old English phonology. Proto-Germanic had two allophones each: stops and fricatives . The stops occurred: By West Germanic times, was pronounced as a stop in all positions. The fricative allophones are sometimes indicated in reconstructed forms to make it easier to understand the development of Old English consonants. Old English retained the allophony , which in case of palatalization (see below) became . Later, non-palatalized became word-initially. The allophony was broken when merged with , the voiced allophone of . A number of phonological processes affected Old English in the period before the earliest documentation. The processes
Old English Newsletter Old English Newsletter The Old English Newsletter is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1967. It covers Anglo-Saxon studies and is published by the University of Tennessee's Department of English for the Old English Division of the Modern Language Association of America. Its current editor is Roy Liuzza, of the University of Tennessee. The journal publishes an annual "Bibliography" and "Year's Work", which are widely relied upon. Many issues include obituaries of relevant scholars. The online version contains an archive of several years of the journal's publications. Originally, the "Old English Newsletter" was published at Binghamton, New York, by the