Half sphere exposure both HSEα and HSEβ based on a big dataset by using multiple-step iterative deep neural-network learning. The predicted HSEa shows a higher correlation coefficient to the stability change by residue mutants than predicted HSEβ and ASA. The results, together with its easy Ca-atom-based calculation, highlight the potential usefulness of predicted HSEa for protein structure prediction and refinement as well as function prediction. Half sphere exposure Half Sphere Exposure (HSE) is a protein solvent exposure measure that was first introduced by . Like all solvent exposure measures it measures how buried amino acid residues are in a protein. It is found
Sphere which is the center of the mathematical ball. These are also referred to as the radius and center of the sphere, respectively. The longest straight line through the ball, connecting two points of the sphere, passes through the center and its length is thus twice the radius; it is a diameter of both the sphere and its ball. While outside mathematics the terms "sphere" and "ball" are sometimes used interchangeably, in mathematics the above distinction is made between a "sphere", which is a two-dimensional closed surface, embedded in a three-dimensional Euclidean space, and a "ball", which is a three-dimensional shape