Yttria-stabilized zirconia is known to not be completely stabilized in the pure cubic YSZ phase up to temperatures above 1000 °C (Ref. and publications therein), commonly used abbreviations in conjunction with yttria-stabilized zirconia are: The thermal expansion coefficients depends on the modification of zirconia as follows: By the addition of yttria to pure zirconia (e.g., fully stabilized YSZ) Y ions replace Zr on the cationic sublattice. Thereby, oxygen vacancies are generated due to charge neutrality: formula_4 with formula_5, meaning two Y ions generate one vacancy on the anionic sublattice. This facilitates moderate conductivity of yttrium stabilized zirconia for O ions (and thus
Synthetic cannabinoids were originally used for cannabinoid research focusing on tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive and analgesic compound found in the cannabis plant. Synthetic cannabinoids were used in part due to legal restrictions on natural cannabinoids, which make them very hard to obtain for research. Tritium-labelled cannabinoids such as CP-55,940 were instrumental in discovering the cannabinoid receptors in the early 1990s. Some early synthetic cannabinoids were also used in clinics. Nabilone, a first generation synthetic THC analog, has been used as an antiemetic, a drug to combat vomiting and nausea, since 1981. Synthetic THC (marinol, dronabinol) has been used as an antiemetic