Potamon fluviatile northeastern Greece. In mainland Greece, "P. fluviatile" is found in the drainages of the Axios, Thyamis, Aheron and Arachthos, Pineiós, Piros-Tethreas, Pamisos and Evrotas rivers. In the Ionian Islands, "P. fluviatile" is known to occur at only one site on Corfu, as well as on Kefalonia, Lefkada and Zakynthos. In the Aegean Islands, it is found on Skiathos and Skopelos (Sporades), on Euboea and Skyros, and at a single site on Andros in the Cyclades. "Potamon fluviatile" is at the western distributional limit of the genus "Potamon". Other species in the genus occur through Eastern Europe and the Middle East,
Potamon fluviatile are right-handed. In the Tosco-Emilian Apennines, "P. fluviatile" is only found south of the watershed, in contrast with the crayfish "Austropotamobius pallipes", which occurs on both sides on the mountains. Although their ranges overlap, the two species do not inhabit the same water courses, apparently because the crab outcompetes the crayfish, which is therefore forced to live in less favourable locations where the crab cannot survive. Non-indigenous crayfish may pose a greater threat to "P. fluviatile" than native crayfish, although the greatest threats remain pollution, overfishing and the draining of wetlands. The natural range of "Potamon fluviatile" is highly fragmented,