Cybernetics Cybernetics Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems—their structures, constraints, and possibilities. Norbert Wiener defined cybernetics in 1948 as "the scientific study of control and communication in the animal and the machine." In the 21st century, the term is often used in a rather loose way to imply "control of any system using technology." In other words, it is the scientific study of how humans, animals and machines control and communicate with each other. Cybernetics is applicable when a system being analyzed incorporates a closed signaling loop—originally referred to as a "circular causal" relationship—that is, where action by
Wiener algebra Wiener algebra In mathematics, the Wiener algebra, named after Norbert Wiener and usually denoted by , is the space of absolutely convergent Fourier series. Here denotes the circle group. The norm of a function is given by where is the th Fourier coefficient of . The Wiener algebra is closed under pointwise multiplication of functions. Indeed, therefore Thus the Wiener algebra is a commutative unitary Banach algebra. Also, is isomorphic to the Banach algebra , with the isomorphism given by the Fourier transform. The sum of an absolutely convergent Fourier series is continuous, so where is the ring of continuous