Religious affiliations of Presidents of the United States body. Protestants predominate, with Episcopalians and Presbyterians being the most prevalent. There have been four Nontrinitarian presidents, and a single Roman Catholic president (John F. Kennedy). No president thus far has been openly an atheist. However, it has been acknowledged that two US Presidents—Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Johnson—had no religious affiliation. Most presidents have been formal members of a particular church or religious body, and a specific affiliation can be assigned to every president from James A. Garfield on. For many earlier presidents, however, formal church membership was forestalled until they left office; and in several cases a president never
Oval Office grandfather clock clocks have all been disabled since an order by Harry S. Truman, due to the difficulty of keeping them all synchronized. Jimmy Carter said that, during the last stages of the Iran hostage crisis negotiations when he spent forty-eight hours continuously in the Oval Office, "No matter who was with me, we watched the big grandfather clock by the door." Due to its location, the clock has appeared in the background of many photographs of successive American Presidents receiving world leaders and during meetings in the Oval Office: The clock was mentioned specifically by the former FBI director James Comey,