Eye chart smaller symbols until the person cannot identify the symbols. The smallest symbols that can be reliably identified is considered the person's visual acuity. The Snellen chart is the most widely used. Alternative types of eye charts include the logMAR chart, Landolt C, E chart, Lea test, Golovin–Sivtsev table, the Rosenbaum chart, and the Jaeger chart. Charts display several rows of optotypes, which are standardized symbols for testing vision. Optotypes are usually letters, numbers, or geometric symbols. Each row of the chart depicts optotypes of a different size. Typically the largest optotypes are in the top row. The optotypes become progressively
Doctor of Letters French universities. Before the 1950s, the now-abolished "Doctorat d'État" degree was called "Doctorat ès lettres" (in France, "letters" is equivalent to "humanities"). The highest educational attainment at Sanskrit Colleges in India is the "Vidya Vachaspati", legally recognized as the equivalent to the Western D.Litt. Enrollment in a "Vidya Vachaspati" program generally requires both having published works and the previous attainment of a "Vidya Vairidhi" degree, equivalent to a PhD. Doctor of Letters Doctor of Letters (D.Litt., Litt.D., D. Lit., or Lit. D.; Latin ' or ') is an academic degree, a higher doctorate which, in some countries, may be considered