Olympic Games of 2016, costs per athlete are on average US$599,000 for the Summer Games and $1.3 million for the Winter Games. For London 2012, cost per athlete was $1.4 million; for Sochi 2014, $7.9 million. Where ambitious construction for the 1976 games in Montreal and 1980 games in Moscow had saddled organisers with expenses greatly in excess of revenues, 1984 host Los Angeles strictly controlled expenses by using existing facilities except a swim stadium and a velodrome that were paid for by corporate sponsors. The Olympic Committee led by Peter Ueberroth used some of the profits to endow the LA84 Foundation
Olympic Games ceremony Berlin Summer Olympics, the openers have used the standard formula. Recent editions of the Winter Games have seen a trend of using the first version instead of the second, which happened in both the 2002 and 2010 Winter Games. There have been four further exceptions to the rule: "I declare open the Olympic Games of 1976, celebrating the XXI Olympiad of the modern era." "Celebrating the XXIII Olympiad of the modern era, I declare open the Olympic Games of Los Angeles". "On behalf of a proud, determined and grateful nation...," then the standard opening formula followed. "After this wonderful show,