Polio vaccine poliomyelitis per million doses given. This compares with 5,000 cases per million who are paralysed following a polio infection. Both are generally safe to give during pregnancy and in those who have HIV/AIDS but are otherwise well. The first polio vaccine was the inactivated polio vaccine. It was developed by Jonas Salk and came into use in 1955. The oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961. They are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in
David Bruce (microbiologist) tsetse fly vector, of African trypanosomiasis ("sleeping sickness"). He was Surgeon-General for the duration of the First World War from 1914–19 at the Royal Army Medical College, Millbank, London. "Brucella" is the genus and Brucellaceae is the family of the bacteria which was named after him, in recognition of his discoveries. "Brucella melitensis" is the cause of undulant fever in man and of abortion in goats. It is usually transmitted by goat's milk. "Trypanosoma brucei", the cause of sleeping sickness, is also named after him. Bruce was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1899. He served as