Polio vaccine poliomyelitis per million doses given. This compares with 5,000 cases per million who are paralysed following a polio infection. Both are generally safe to give during pregnancy and in those who have HIV/AIDS but are otherwise well. The first polio vaccine was the inactivated polio vaccine. It was developed by Jonas Salk and came into use in 1955. The oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961. They are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in
Sabin Vaccine Institute Africa, and the Americas. Sabin is currently working on multiple vaccines for humans including vaccines for Hookworm infection ("Na"-GST-1, "Na"-APR-1), Schistosomiasis ("Sm"-TSP-2), Chagas disease ("Tc"24, TSA-1), Leishmaniasis ("Ld"-NH36, PdSP15), Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)/Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (Pan-β-CoVax), Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH), and Onchocerciasis (Ov-"103", Ov-"RAL-2"). In 2006, Sabin co-founded the Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases in order "to raise the awareness, political will and funding necessary to control and eliminate the most common NTDs." Through its work on NTDs, Sabin hopes to reduce poverty caused by these diseases as many of them have been shown to adversely affect