Fan (machine) the airflow from the fans. Thus, fans may become ineffective at cooling the body if the surrounding air is near body temperature and contains high humidity. The punkah fan was used in India about 500 BCE. It was a handheld fan made from bamboo strips or other plant fibre, that could be rotated or fanned to move air. During British rule, the word came to be used by Anglo-Indians to mean a large swinging flat fan, fixed to the ceiling, and pulled by a servant, called the punkawallah. For purposes of air conditioning, the Han Dynasty craftsman and engineer Ding
Nasal reconstruction using a paramedian forehead flap the brow, all of the skin borders are incised and the flap is carefully released. The full-thickness flap is then sutured into the defect without tension. Three to four weeks later, when the full thickness forehead flap is well healed at the recipient site, the second stage begins. The skin of the flap and 3–4 mm of subcutaneous fat is elevated. The underlying excess of soft tissue is then excised and the remaining healed tissue is sculpted in an ideal nasal subunit. The flap is then resutured to the recipient site. This stage is completely identical to the second stage