Malvasia Malmsey was one of the three major wines exported from Greece in medieval times. (For other examples, see Rumney wine and Cretan wine). It is alleged that when Edward IV of England convicted his brother, George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, of high treason, his private execution consisted of being "drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine," which is dramatized in Shakespeare's "Richard III". Both Monemvasia and Candia have lent their names to modern grape varieties. In Greece, there is a variety known as Monemvasia, evidently named after the port, though now grown primarily in the Cyclades. In western Europe,
Brain in a vat First Philosophy". Brain-in-a-vat scenarios—or closely related scenarios in which the protagonist is in a virtual reality simulation and unaware of this fact—have also been used for purposes other than skeptical arguments. For example, Vincent Conitzer uses such a scenario to illuminate further facts—facts that do not follow logically from the physical facts—about qualia (what it is "like" to have specific experiences), indexicality (what time it is "now" and who "I" am), and personal identity. Specifically, imagine a person in the real world who is observing a simulated world on a screen, from the perspective of one of the simulated agents