Albert Sabin a vaccine to prevent or mitigate the illness. The Sabin vaccine is an oral vaccine containing weakened forms of strains of polio viruses. In 1955, Salk's "killed" vaccine was released for use. It was effective in preventing most of the complications of polio, but did not prevent the initial intestinal infection. The Sabin vaccine is easier to give than the earlier vaccine developed by Salk in 1954, and its effects last longer. Sabin first tested his live attenuated oral vaccine at the Chillicothe Ohio Reformatory in late 1954. From 1956–1960, he worked with Russian colleagues to perfect the oral vaccine
Albert Joyce Riker a retired microbiologist from the University of Arizona. He died in Tucson, Arizona. Albert Joyce Riker Dr. Albert Joyce Riker (April 3, 1894 – February 21, 1982) was a noted American plant pathologist and professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Riker was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, the son of Albert Birdsall and Mary Edith (Davis) Riker. He graduated from high school in Moundsville, West Virginia, after which he worked for the Royal Three Barrel Gun Company, was an automobile repairman and salesman, and helped build greenhouses. He then attended Oberlin College, receiving in 1917 his A.B. degree in botany.