Len Deighton Len Deighton Leonard Cyril Deighton (; born 18 February 1929), known as Len Deighton, is a British author. Deighton is considered one of the top three spy novelists of his time (along with Ian Fleming and John le Carré). In addition he is a highly acclaimed military historian, cookery writer, and graphic artist. "The IPCRESS File" (1962), his first novel, was an instant bestseller and broke the mould of thriller writing. "The Sunday Times" called him "the poet of the spy story". Deighton’s first protagonist – a nameless spy christened Harry Palmer in the films – was made famous worldwide
The Stranger (Camus novel) Bureau offered to help. The book was eventually published in June 1942 – 4,400 copies of it were printed. Gallimard first published the original French-language novel in 1942. A British author, Stuart Gilbert, first translated "L’Étranger" into English in 1946; for more than thirty years his version was the standard English translation. Gilbert's choice of title, "The Stranger", was changed by Hamish Hamilton to "The Outsider", because they considered it "more striking and appropriate" and because Maria Kuncewiczowa's Polish novel "Cudzoziemka" had recently been published in London as "The Stranger". In the United States, Knopf had already typeset the manuscript