Crocodile shark in a 1936 issue of "Zoological Magazine (Tokyo)" by ichthyologist Kiyomatsu Matsubara, based on a long specimen found at the Koti Fish Market in Japan. The type specimen is a long adult male found at a fish market in Su-ao, Taiwan. After being shuffled between the genera "Carcharias" and "Odontaspis" in the family Odontaspididae by various authors, in 1973 Leonard Compagno resurrected Jean Cadenat's 1963 subgenus "Pseudocarcharias" from synonymy for this species and placed it within its own family. The morphology of the crocodile shark suggests affinity with the megamouth shark (Megachasmidae), basking shark (Cetorhinidae), thresher sharks (Alopiidae), and mackerel
The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said "According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,