Knights, baronets and peers of the Protectorate but those such as "George Monck, General in Scotland", who had not taken up their seats in the Other House, were not referred to as lord. Aside from the Other House members who were known as lords, two peers are known to have been granted by the Lord Protector and a third may have been: Knights, baronets and peers of the Protectorate Knights made by Oliver Cromwell. Knights made by Lord Protector Richard Cromwell: Knights made in Ireland by Henry Cromwell, lord deputy of Ireland. Restoration (England)#Regrant of certain Commonwealth titles The following baronetcies were conferred by the Lord Protector
Cardinal protector of England a 'cardinal protector' of England dates from 1492, but according to Wilkie, this results from a confusion between this office and that of cardinal procurator. Unlike other national cardinal protectors, the cardinal protectors of England, Scotland, and Ireland were generally chosen exclusively by the pope. The cardinal was "imposed from above, rather than chosen" and often had no direct relationship with the governments of these countries. The English cardinal protector played a large role in English ecclesiastical appointments, and a substantial role in similar appointments in Scotland and Ireland. Francesco Piccolomini, the future Pope Pius III, was the first cardinal