Volunteer Park Conservatory different "Tillandsia" species. The conservatory also displays terrestrial species of the bromeliad family, such as the pineapple (Ananas comosus). A fern is any plant classified in the phylum or division Pteridophyta (also known as Filicophyta), a group composed of roughly 20,000 species. The conservatory's collection features a number of cycads. Other featured plants in the Fern House include a Mexican breadfruit ("Monstera deliciosa") and tropical flowers including passionflower ("Passiflora" sp.) and hibiscus. This house also features bog gardens with a collection of carnivorous plants including Venus fly traps ("Dionaea muscipula"), sundews ("Drosera" sp), pitcher plants ("Sarracenia" sp). This house within
Plant tolerance to herbivory Erb "et al." 2009). However, the importance of this mechanism to tolerance is not well studied and it is unknown how much it contributes to tolerance since stored reserves mostly consist of carbon resources, whereas tissue damage causes a loss of carbon, nitrogen and other nutrients (Tiffin 2000). This form of tolerance relies on constitutive mechanisms, such as morphology, at the time of damage, unlike the induced mechanisms mentioned above. Plant architecture includes roots to shoots ratios, stem number, stem rigidity and plant vasculature (Marquis 1996, Tiffin 2000). A high roots to shoots ratio will allow plants to better absorb