Jaeger chart on different Jaeger cards currently in use is very high. Therefore, test results with different Jaeger cards are not comparable. More commonly, distance vision acuity is tested using the Snellen chart, familiarly seen wall mounted with a large letter at the top. Jaeger chart The Jaeger chart is an eye chart used in testing near vision acuity. It is a card on which paragraphs of text are printed, with the text sizes increasing from 0.37mm to 2.5mm. This card is to be held by a patient at a fixed distance from the eye dependent on the J size being read.
Clinical urine tests Clinical urine tests Clinical urine tests are various tests of urine for diagnostic purposes. The most common is a urinalysis (UA), one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis. The word is a portmanteau of the words "urine" and "analysis". Other tests are urine culture (a microbiological culture of urine) and urine electrolyte levels. The target parameters that can be measured or quantified in urinalysis include naked-eye (gross) examination for color and smell plus analysis for many substances and cells, as well as other properties, such as specific gravity. A part of a urinalysis can be performed by using