Polio vaccine A global effort to eradicate polio, led by the World Health Organization, UNICEF, and The Rotary Foundation, began in 1988 and has relied largely on the oral polio vaccine developed by Albert Sabin and Mikhail Chumakov (Sabin-Chumakov vaccine). Polio was eliminated in the Americas by 1994. The disease was officially eliminated in 36 Western Pacific countries, including China and Australia, in 2000. Europe was declared polio-free in 2002. Since January 2011, no cases of the disease have been reported in India, hence in February 2012, the country was taken off the WHO list of polio-endemic countries. In March 2014, India
How the Riddler Got His Name Amanda Bell of "EW" gave the episode a "B+" and wrote, "The content of Nygma's riddles was paralleled not just by his own experience coming into his big badness, but also in the episode's other two story lines. 514A is, obviously, a literal reflection of Bruce Wayne, and the loneliness referred to in the first riddle applies to both Nygma and Gordon. Gordon's quest for truth and family, compounded by his current isolation, makes him vulnerable to Frank’s ploy right now — if that's what it actually is. For a segment devoted to such a cunning wordsmith, this episode quite