Ceiling fan be used to reduce the stratification of warm air in a room by forcing it down to affect both occupants' sensations and thermostat readings, thereby improving climate control energy efficiency. Punkah-type ceiling fans date back to 500 BC, and are native to India. Unlike modern rotary fans, these punkah fans move air by moving to and fro, and were operated manually by cord. The first rotary ceiling fans appeared in the early 1860s and 1870s in the United States. At that time, they were not powered by any form of electric motor. Instead, a stream of running water was used,
Nasal reconstruction using a paramedian forehead flap using the ipsilateral side. Some experts suggest that a contralateral flap is easier to rotate, but this difference is minimal. The only problem with the contralateral flap is the extra length needed, not the difficulty of the technique. Most foreheads are at least 5 cm long, when measured from eyebrow to hairline. This is usually enough to resurface the entire nose using a vertical paramedian forehead flap design. Still, there are some short foreheads. A forehead is called short when it is shorter than 4.5 cm. When using the forehead flap on a short forehead, there are multiple ways to