Fan (machine) the airflow from the fans. Thus, fans may become ineffective at cooling the body if the surrounding air is near body temperature and contains high humidity. The punkah fan was used in India about 500 BCE. It was a handheld fan made from bamboo strips or other plant fibre, that could be rotated or fanned to move air. During British rule, the word came to be used by Anglo-Indians to mean a large swinging flat fan, fixed to the ceiling, and pulled by a servant, called the punkawallah. For purposes of air conditioning, the Han Dynasty craftsman and engineer Ding
Nasal reconstruction using a paramedian forehead flap frontalis muscle and subcutaneous tissue are excised, this is done for 1.5 to 2 cm. Then more downwards the disscection goes through the muscle and over the periosteum. When reaching the brow, all of the skin borders are incised and the flap is carefully released. As soon as the flap reaches the defect without tension further incision of the flap is stopped and the flap is inset into the area of the defect. This is done using a single layer of fine suture. The second stage is three to four weeks later, when the flap is well healed at the