Ceiling fan be used to reduce the stratification of warm air in a room by forcing it down to affect both occupants' sensations and thermostat readings, thereby improving climate control energy efficiency. Punkah-type ceiling fans date back to 500 BC, and are native to India. Unlike modern rotary fans, these punkah fans move air by moving to and fro, and were operated manually by cord. The first rotary ceiling fans appeared in the early 1860s and 1870s in the United States. At that time, they were not powered by any form of electric motor. Instead, a stream of running water was used,
Type A (artist collective) Cantz published a monograph featuring this collaboration with the IMA in September 2009. From 2009 to 2011 Type A embarked on two projects exploring fear, safety and authority: "Barrier" (2009) and "Trigger" (2011). "Barrier" is a large scale concrete sculpture installation recreating Jersey highway barriers and "Trigger" explores America’s obsession with guns. For "Trigger," Type A created a series of photographs which are printed and sold as shooting targets by Law Enforcement Targets Inc. With this project they practice what they call "Interpropriation" or “the act of interjecting themselves and actively participating in cultures outside the art world.” In 2012