Nitric acid fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 86%. Nitric acid is the primary reagent used for nitration – the addition of a nitro group, typically to an organic molecule. While some resulting nitro compounds are shock- and thermally-sensitive explosives, a few are stable enough to be used in munitions and demolition, while others are still more stable and used as pigments in inks and dyes. Nitric acid is also commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent. Commercially available nitric acid is an azeotrope with water at a concentration of 68% HNO, which is the ordinary concentrated nitric acid of commerce. This
Ethylenetetracarboxylic acid exotic oxocarbon synthesized by pyrolysis of ethylenetetracarboxilic acid in 1981 by Patterson and others. Ethylenetetracarboxylic acid Ethylenetetracarboxylic acid is an organic compound with formula , or (HO(OC)-)C=C(-(CO)OH). By removal of four protons, the acid yields the anion , ethylenetetracarboxylate, which is one of the oxocarbon anions (consisting solely of oxygen and carbon. By loss of 1 through 3 protons it forms the anions , , and , called respectively trihydrogen-, dihydrogen-, and hydrogenethylenetetracarboxylate. The same names are used for the corresponding esters. The acid can be obtained by hydrolysis of tetraethyl ethylenetetracarboxylate, which in turn can be obtained from diethyl