Ceiling fan be used to reduce the stratification of warm air in a room by forcing it down to affect both occupants' sensations and thermostat readings, thereby improving climate control energy efficiency. Punkah-type ceiling fans date back to 500 BC, and are native to India. Unlike modern rotary fans, these punkah fans move air by moving to and fro, and were operated manually by cord. The first rotary ceiling fans appeared in the early 1860s and 1870s in the United States. At that time, they were not powered by any form of electric motor. Instead, a stream of running water was used,
Portrait of a Young Woman with a Fan painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1914, who wrote; "881. A YOUNG LADY WITH A FAN. Bode 253; Dut. 285; Wb. 217; B.-HdG. 101. Three-quarter length; life size. She sits, seen in full face, in an arm-chair, and looks straight out of the picture. She holds her right hand, grasping a black feather fan by its gold chain, to her bosom ; her left hand rests on a table beside her to the right. She wears a black silk gown with puffed and slashed sleeves, a triple close-fitting lace collar and lace wristbands. Round her neck is a