Hamburg German Hamburg German Hamburg German, also known as Hamburg or Hamburger dialect (), is a group of Northern Low Saxon varieties spoken in Hamburg, Germany. Occasionally, the term "Hamburgisch" is also used for Hamburg "Missingsch", a variety of standard German with Low Saxon substrates. These are urban dialects that have absorbed numerous English and Dutch loanwords, for instance "Törn" ‘trip’ (< turn) and "suutje" ‘gently’ (< Dutch "zoetjes"). Hamburg is pronounced in these dialects, with a "ch" similar to that in the standard German word "Milch". Typical of the Hamburg dialects and other Lower Elbe dialects is the pronunciation (and spelling)
Shrinking cities were significantly affected by the weak economic situation they were left in after the fall of socialism. The reunification of European countries yielded both benefits and drawbacks. German cities like Leipzig and Dresden, for example, experienced a drastic population decline as many people emigrated to western cities like Berlin. Hamburg in particular experienced a population boom with record production yields in 1991, after the unification of Germany. Conversely, Leipzig and Dresden suffered from a failing economy and a neglected infrastructure. These cities were built to support a much larger population. However, both Dresden and Leipzig are now growing again, largely