Richard Wagner of the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg, who thought the work "divinely composed", and that of the French newspaper "Le Figaro", which called the music "the dream of a lunatic". Amongst the disillusioned were Wagner's friend and disciple Friedrich Nietzsche, who, having published his eulogistic essay "Richard Wagner in Bayreuth" before the festival as part of his "Untimely Meditations", was bitterly disappointed by what he saw as Wagner's pandering to increasingly exclusivist German nationalism; his breach with Wagner began at this time. The festival firmly established Wagner as an artist of European, and indeed world, importance: attendees included Kaiser Wilhelm I,
Bavarian Political Police rivals, with Hermann Göring controlling the Prussian version and Heinrich Himmler the Bavarian unit. On 9 March 1933, Adolf Wagner, acting Bavarian minister of the interior, under Reich Governor of Bavaria Franz Ritter von Epp, appointed Himmler chief of the Munich Metropolitan Police. After the appointment became official by 1 April 1933, Himmler was given overall command of the BPP, with the title of ""Politischer Polizeikommandeur Bayern". Himmler was now subordinate, if only nominally, under Wagner and had command over all political police in the state. Himmler then appointed his second in command, Reinhard Heydrich as chief of Department IV,