Integer triangle cosine equals 0, ±1/2, or ±1. The only ones of these giving an angle strictly between 0° and 180° are the cosine value 1/2 with the angle 60°, the cosine value –1/2 with the angle 120°, and the cosine value 0 with the angle 90°. The only combination of three of these, allowing multiple use of any of them and summing to 180°, is three 60° angles. Conditions are known in terms of elliptic curves for an integer triangle to have an integer ratio "N" of the circumradius to the inradius. The smallest case, that of the equilateral triangle, has
Euler angles from −1 to 1, and let "β" = arccos("z"). Other properties of Euler angles and rotations in general can be found from the Geometric algebra(GA). GA is a higher level abstraction, in which the quaternions are an even subalgebra. The principal tool in GA is the rotor formula_42 where formula_43angle of rotation, formula_44rotation axis (unitary vector) and formula_45pseudoscalar (trivector in formula_46) It is possible to define parameters analogous to the Euler angles in dimensions higher than three. The number of degrees of freedom of a rotation matrix is always less than the dimension of the matrix squared. That is, the