Turbine waterwheels. Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Credit for invention of the steam turbine is given both to Anglo-Irish engineer Sir Charles Parsons (1854–1931) for invention of the reaction turbine, and to Swedish engineer Gustaf de Laval (1845–1913) for invention of the impulse turbine. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery. The word "turbine" was coined in 1822 by the French mining engineer Claude Burdin from the
The Haunted Castle (1897 British film) edition of "The British Film Catalogue". However, the film historian John Barnes, in his book-length study of the year 1897 in British film, concluded that the title referred to a Méliès film that had been referenced in England since May of that year. Méliès's 1897 film "Le Château hanté" was indeed released in Britain as "The Haunted Castle". (A slightly earlier film of his, "Le Manoir du diable", made in the winter of 1896–7, is also known as "The Haunted Castle" after its American release title.) The Haunted Castle (1897 British film) The Haunted Castle is a hypothetical lost 1897