Mind–body dualism point into the traditionally viewed closed system, where a scientifically described physically probable/improbable event could be philosophically described as an action of a non-physical entity on physical reality. He states, however, that none of the arguments in his book will rely on this. It should also be noted that, while some interpretations of quantum mechanics consider wave function collapse to be indeterminate, in others this event is defined and deterministic. The argument from physics is closely related to the argument from causal interaction. Many physicists and consciousness researchers have argued that any action of a nonphysical mind on the brain
Algebra of physical space equation, for an electrically charged particle of mass "m" and charge "e", takes the form: where e is an arbitrary unitary vector, and "A" is the electromagnetic paravector potential as above. The electromagnetic interaction has been included via minimal coupling in terms of the potential "A". The differential equation of the Lorentz rotor that is consistent with the Lorentz force is such that the proper velocity is calculated as the Lorentz transformation of the proper velocity at rest which can be integrated to find the space-time trajectory formula_31 with the additional use of Algebra of physical space In physics, the