John Wycliffe transubstantiation, monasticism, and the very existence of the Papacy. Beginning in the 16th century, the Lollard movement was regarded as the precursor to the Protestant Reformation. Wycliffe was accordingly characterised as the evening star of scholasticism and as the morning star of the English Reformation. Wycliffe's writings in Latin greatly influenced the philosophy and teaching of the Czech reformer Jan Hus ( 1369–1415), whose execution in 1415 sparked a revolt and led to the Hussite Wars of 1419–1434. Wycliffe was born in the village of Hipswell near Richmond in the North Riding of Yorkshire, England, in the mid-1320s. His family
Emma Churchman Hewitt of the Home", 1889. She made her residence at 4105 Chester Avenue, Philadelphia. Emma Churchman was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, February 1, 1850. Her parents were John and Lydia (Starr) Churchman. At three years of age, she moved north with her parents, who settled on a farm in Rahway, New Jersey, afterward moving to Burlington, New Jersey, and later to Camden, New Jersey, where she resided until she moved to West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was a direct descendant of John Churchman, who was a prominent member of Friends. Hewitt was a graduate of Miss Churchman's private school, in Philadelphia.