Richard Wagner of the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg, who thought the work "divinely composed", and that of the French newspaper "Le Figaro", which called the music "the dream of a lunatic". Amongst the disillusioned were Wagner's friend and disciple Friedrich Nietzsche, who, having published his eulogistic essay "Richard Wagner in Bayreuth" before the festival as part of his "Untimely Meditations", was bitterly disappointed by what he saw as Wagner's pandering to increasingly exclusivist German nationalism; his breach with Wagner began at this time. The festival firmly established Wagner as an artist of European, and indeed world, importance: attendees included Kaiser Wilhelm I,
Bavarian Political Police the Nazis took power in Bavaria on 9 March 1933, and split off the political department of the Munich police into a separate entity, the Bavarian Political Police (BPP). The Bavarian Political Police operated outside the framework of the law in the state. The new force experienced no great changes in staffing compare to the pre-Nazi era, with almost all previous staff being either retained or new staff coming from the existing Bavarian police force. The Bavarian Political Police pre-dated its Prussian counterpart, the Gestapo, which was formed on 26 April 1933. In the early stages the two organisations were