Geography of Tajikistan has headwaters in Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The other neighbors are the former Soviet republics of Uzbekistan (to the west and the north) and Kyrgyzstan (to the north). The lower elevations of Tajikistan are divided into northern and southern regions by a complex of three mountain chains that constitute the westernmost extension of the massive Tian Shan system. Running essentially parallel from east to west, the chains are the Turkestan, Zeravshan (Zarafshan), and Hisor (Gissar) mountains. The last of these lies just north of the capital, Dushanbe, which is situated in west-central Tajikistan. More than half of Tajikistan lies above an
Anthem of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic remove mentions of Joseph Stalin. This is the version presented here for the Tajik stanzas, but the Russian version given here is the old one. Anthem of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic </div> The State Anthem of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (; ) was the national anthem of Tajikistan when it was a republic of the Soviet Union and known as the Tajik SSR. Modern-day soundtracks of the anthem generally have the music played in C minor. The anthem used from 1946 to 1994, long of Tajikistan's independence. The music was composed by Suleiman Yudakov, and the lyrics were