Geography of Tajikistan has headwaters in Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The other neighbors are the former Soviet republics of Uzbekistan (to the west and the north) and Kyrgyzstan (to the north). The lower elevations of Tajikistan are divided into northern and southern regions by a complex of three mountain chains that constitute the westernmost extension of the massive Tian Shan system. Running essentially parallel from east to west, the chains are the Turkestan, Zeravshan (Zarafshan), and Hisor (Gissar) mountains. The last of these lies just north of the capital, Dushanbe, which is situated in west-central Tajikistan. More than half of Tajikistan lies above an
Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic went under the pseudonym Sarmen, wrote the lyrics. Upon independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Armenia adopted the anthem "Mer Hayrenik" ("Our Fatherland") in its place. Russian was the state official language of the Armenian SSR, alongside Armenian. Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The State Anthem of the Armenian SSR () was the national anthem of Armenia when it was a republic of the Soviet Union, known as the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. The anthem was used from 1944 to 1991. It was composed by Aram Khachaturian, a world-famous Armenian composer, who was known for his concertos