19th-century London (1819), Waterloo Bridge (1817), the Hungerford Bridge (opened in 1845 as a footbridge, and converted in 1859 into a combination footbridge/railway bridge for Charing Cross Station), and Tower Bridge (1894). Further upriver, the new bridges included Lambeth Bridge (1862), which replaced a centuries-old cross-river ferry service, Vauxhall Bridge (opened 1816), Victoria Bridge (opened in 1858 and later renamed the Chelsea Bridge), and Wandsworth Bridge (1873). The impetus for this building was London's massive population growth, which put a constant strain on existing communications between the north and south banks. London Bridge remained the city's busiest artery for the entire century,
Operation London Bridge her death. As of early 2017, the phrase "London Bridge is down" was expected to be used to announce the death of the Queen to the Prime Minister and key personnel, setting the plan into motion. Whether this phrase is still the designated one, after the June 2017 London Bridge attack, or after the fact that the code word is now publicly known has not been confirmed. Neither is it known when this code phrase was originally decided on. "The Times" described the funeral of King George IV in 1830 as "ill-managed". This changed during the reign of Queen Victoria,