Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada v Northwest Territories (Commissioner) follow that a restriction on which associations were able to collectively bargain was not a violation. There was nothing in the law that would prevent the employees from joining any other collective bargaining group. Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada v Northwest Territories (Commissioner) Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada v Northwest Territories (Commissioner), [1990] 2 SCR 367 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the freedom of association under section 2(d) of the "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" (""Charter""). The Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada ("PIPSC") was the federal
Provinces and territories of Canada territories are not sovereign, but instead their authorities and responsibilities come directly from the federal level, and as a result have a commissioner instead of a lieutenant governor. Notes: There are three territories in Canada. Unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent sovereignty and have only those powers delegated to them by the federal government. They include all of mainland Canada north of latitude 60° north and west of Hudson Bay, as well as most islands north of the Canadian mainland (from those in James Bay to the Canadian Arctic islands). The following table lists the territories