Hand (unit) inches for the handsbreadth; Mortimer gives the same, three inches for the Hand's-breadth, and four for the "Handful, or simply, Hand", but adds "The hand among horse-dealers, &c. is four-fingers' breadth, being the fist clenched, whereby the height of a horse is measured", thus equating "hand" with both the palm and the fist. Similarly, Wright's 1831 translation of Buffon mentions "A hand breadth (palmus), the breadth of the four fingers of the hand, or three inches", but the "Encyclopædia Perthensis" of 1816 gives under Palm (4): "A hand, or measure of lengths comprising three inches". Today the hand is used
Facial width to height ratio Facial width to height ratio Facial width to height ratio (fWHR) is a measure derived from archaeological skull measurements. fWHR is not linked with adolescent testosterone, and has been proposed as: a predictor of aggression, cause of death by violence, and also with CEO success probability. While most studies have found some significance some have found little correlation. fWHR has also been used in primate studies with similar findings. Width is measured as upper bizygomatic width (the widest central bit of the face), height measurement used is upper facial height, from the top of the eyelids (approximately the nasion) to