19th-century London (1819), Waterloo Bridge (1817), the Hungerford Bridge (opened in 1845 as a footbridge, and converted in 1859 into a combination footbridge/railway bridge for Charing Cross Station), and Tower Bridge (1894). Further upriver, the new bridges included Lambeth Bridge (1862), which replaced a centuries-old cross-river ferry service, Vauxhall Bridge (opened 1816), Victoria Bridge (opened in 1858 and later renamed the Chelsea Bridge), and Wandsworth Bridge (1873). The impetus for this building was London's massive population growth, which put a constant strain on existing communications between the north and south banks. London Bridge remained the city's busiest artery for the entire century,
Kew Bridge Barnard, and "Old Kew Bridge, London" by James Webb, an oil painting dating from 1876 to 1885, are held at the Museum of London. The oil painting "Kew Bridge" by Henry Muhrman (1854–1916) was painted in about 1898, when the artist was living in Gunnersbury. It is now in the Tate Gallery's collection. The Tate also holds J.M.W. Turner's pen and ink sketch "The Thames at Kew with Kew Bridge" (1805) and his oil painting "The Thames Glimpsed between Trees, possibly at Kew Bridge c.1806-7". Myles Birket Foster (1825–1899) painted "Kew Bridge from Strand on the Green". Landscapist Lewis Pinhorn