19th-century London (1819), Waterloo Bridge (1817), the Hungerford Bridge (opened in 1845 as a footbridge, and converted in 1859 into a combination footbridge/railway bridge for Charing Cross Station), and Tower Bridge (1894). Further upriver, the new bridges included Lambeth Bridge (1862), which replaced a centuries-old cross-river ferry service, Vauxhall Bridge (opened 1816), Victoria Bridge (opened in 1858 and later renamed the Chelsea Bridge), and Wandsworth Bridge (1873). The impetus for this building was London's massive population growth, which put a constant strain on existing communications between the north and south banks. London Bridge remained the city's busiest artery for the entire century,
Fitzroy Bridge (opened 1952) seven spans carrying a 12.8 metre-wide roadway with two 1.5 metre-wide pedestrian walkways on either side. The Fitzroy Bridge replaced the original Fitzroy Bridge which had served the city since 1881. When the new bridge was opened, the original bridge was closed but it remained unused alongside the new bridge until it was demolished in January 1956. Linking Rockhampton City with Berserker, the Fitzroy Bridge connects Fitzroy Street with Toft Street, passing over Victoria Parade, Reaney Street, Ashney Street and the Lakes Creek railway line. In 2018, Australian Iranian artist Niloufar Lovegrove painted a mural in the Victoria Parade underpass