Combinatorics and physics Combinatorics and physics Combinatorial physics or physical combinatorics is the area of interaction between physics and combinatorics. "Combinatorial Physics is an emerging area which unites combinatorial and discrete mathematical techniques applied to theoretical physics, especially Quantum Theory.". "Physical combinatorics might be defined naively as combinatorics guided by ideas or insights from physics". Combinatorics has always played an important role in quantum field theory and statistical physics. However, combinatorial physics only emerged as a specific field after a seminal work by Alain Connes and Dirk Kreimer, showing that the renormalization of Feynman diagrams can be described by a Hopf algebra. Combinatorial
Types of business entity in Russia can distribute its shares to an unlimited number of shareholders and sell them without limitations. The statutory minimum charter capital is 100,000 Russian roubles. Closed joint-stock company ( (abbreviated ZAO) is a legal entity whose shares are distributed among a limited number of shareholders - maximum 50. The statutory minimum charter capital is 10,000 Russian roubles. In Russia, a JSC can be completely or partially owned by the federal government. Such JSCs are different from another type of state-controlled company, the unitary enterprise. This is a commercial organization that operates state-owned assets. State-owned JSCs do not own or operate any