History of variational principles in physics involves integrals over an interval of time and (for fields) extended region of space. Moreover, in the usual formulation of classical action principles, the initial and final states of the system are fixed, e.g., In particular, the fixing of the "final" state appears to give the action principle a teleological character which has been controversial historically. This apparent teleology is eliminated in the quantum mechanical version of the action principle. History of variational principles in physics A variational principle in physics is an alternative method for determining the state or dynamics of a physical system, by identifying it as an
Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on medical physics and biomedical engineering. It is the official journal of the Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine. The journal was first published in 1977 as "Australasian Physical Sciences in Medicine", obtaining its current name in 1980. It has been published by Springer Science+Business Media since 2010. The journal replaced the earlier "Australasian Bulletin of Medical Physics" and "Australasian Newsletter of Medical Physics", which was established in December 1959. The Kenneth Clarke Journal Prize