Hamburg German Hamburg German Hamburg German, also known as Hamburg or Hamburger dialect (), is a group of Northern Low Saxon varieties spoken in Hamburg, Germany. Occasionally, the term "Hamburgisch" is also used for Hamburg "Missingsch", a variety of standard German with Low Saxon substrates. These are urban dialects that have absorbed numerous English and Dutch loanwords, for instance "Törn" ‘trip’ (< turn) and "suutje" ‘gently’ (< Dutch "zoetjes"). Hamburg is pronounced in these dialects, with a "ch" similar to that in the standard German word "Milch". Typical of the Hamburg dialects and other Lower Elbe dialects is the pronunciation (and spelling)
Accession of Hamburg to the German Customs Union (Zollverein) that were previously uncompetitive, now grew extensively. The citizens of Hamburg were driven to make use of articles of German origin much more freely than before, as many of them were cheaper than corresponding foreign articles which were now weighted with a Customs duty. As predicted, the new conditions favoured the development of manufactures in Hamburg itself. With the free port, Hamburg became the leading port in continental Europe and the world's fourth largest after New York, London and Liverpool. This continued the increase of trade prior to the accession, which in 1873- 1887 grew by 44.2%. Nevertheless, outside the