History of variational principles in physics involves integrals over an interval of time and (for fields) extended region of space. Moreover, in the usual formulation of classical action principles, the initial and final states of the system are fixed, e.g., In particular, the fixing of the "final" state appears to give the action principle a teleological character which has been controversial historically. This apparent teleology is eliminated in the quantum mechanical version of the action principle. History of variational principles in physics A variational principle in physics is an alternative method for determining the state or dynamics of a physical system, by identifying it as an
Nepal Physical Society basis. Previously, the office of the society was situated in Tri-Chandra College, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu, Nepal. Currently, the office is in the Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal. Nepal Physical Society participated in the 38th International Physics Olympiad in 2007. Nepal Physical Society Nepal Physical Society (NPS) is a professional society of the Nepalese physicists. The small society of about 500 members was established in 1982. To be eligible for membership, one has to hold a minimum of a master's degree in physical science from either Tribhuvan University or another university that is recognized by Tribhuvan University. The NPS