The Revolution Betrayed The Revolution Betrayed The Revolution Betrayed: What Is the Soviet Union and Where Is It Going? () is a book published in 1937 by the exiled Soviet Bolshevik leader Leon Trotsky. This work analyzed and criticized the course of historical development in the Soviet Union following the death of Lenin in 1924 and is regarded as Trotsky's primary work dealing with the nature of Stalinism. The book was written by Trotsky during his exile in Norway and was originally translated into French by Victor Serge. The most widely available English translation is by Max Eastman. Lev Davidovich Bronstein (1879–1940), best
Lev Shestov Lev Shestov Lev Isaakovich Shestov (, 1866 – 1938), born Yeguda Leib Shvartsman (), was a Russian existentialist philosopher, known for his "philosophy of despair". Born in Kyiv (Russian Empire) on , he emigrated to France in 1921, fleeing from the aftermath of the October Revolution. He lived in Paris until his death on November 19, 1938. Shestov was born Lev Isaakovich Schwarzmann in Kiev into a Jewish family. He obtained an education at various places, due to fractious clashes with authority. He went on to study law and mathematics at the Moscow State University but after a clash with