Turbine waterwheels. Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Credit for invention of the steam turbine is given both to Anglo-Irish engineer Sir Charles Parsons (1854–1931) for invention of the reaction turbine, and to Swedish engineer Gustaf de Laval (1845–1913) for invention of the impulse turbine. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery. The word "turbine" was coined in 1822 by the French mining engineer Claude Burdin from the
SS Anselm (1935) SS Anselm (1935) SS "Anselm" was a British turbine steamship of the Booth Steamship Company. She was built as a cargo and passenger liner in 1935 and requisitioned and converted into a troop ship in 1940. A German submarine sank her in 1941, killing 254 of those aboard. The Booth Steamship Company ordered "Anselm" for its passenger and cargo liner services between Liverpool and Brazil. William Denny and Brothers built her in their shipyard at Dumbarton on the Firth of Clyde in Scotland. By the 1930s most British shipping companies specified oil fuel for new steamships because it was more