Stephen, King of England of their castles in England. This threat was backed up by the arrest of the bishops, with the exception of Nigel who had taken refuge in Devizes Castle; the bishop only surrendered after Stephen besieged the castle and threatened to execute Roger le Poer. The remaining castles were then surrendered to the King. Stephen's brother, Henry of Blois, was alarmed by this, both as a matter of principle, since Stephen had previously agreed in 1135 to respect the freedoms of the church, and more pragmatically because he himself had recently built six castles and had no desire to be treated
King of Italy kingship simultaneously: In 896, Arnulf and Ratold lost control of Italy, which was divided between Berengar and Lambert: In 951 Otto I of Germany invaded Italy and was crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. In 952, Berengar and Adalbert became his vassals but remained Kings until being deposed by Otto. Roger II used the title "King of Sicily and Italy" until at least 1135; later he used only the title "King of Sicily, Apulia and Calabria". Although his realm included the southern Italian mainland, he never exerted any control over the official Kingdom of Italy, and none of his