Hepatic encephalopathy the encephalopathy; it is suspected that this means that more ammonia has already been absorbed into the brain in those with severe symptoms whose serum levels are relatively low. Other waste products implicated in hepatic encephalopathy include mercaptans (substances containing a thiol group), short-chain fatty acids, and phenol. Numerous other abnormalities have been described in hepatic encephalopathy, although their relative contribution to the disease state is uncertain. Loss of glutamate transporter gene expression (especially EAAT 2) has been attributed to acute liver failure. Benzodiazepine-like compounds have been detected at increased levels as well as abnormalities in the GABA neurotransmission system.
British Institute of Organ Studies British Institute of Organ Studies The British Institute of Organ Studies, more commonly known by its acronym BIOS, is a British organisation and registered charity which aims to promote study and appreciation of all aspects of the pipe organ. Further, it acts as a lobbying body to raise awareness of organ issues with appropriate statutory bodies. Membership is open to all. The aims of BIOS are BIOS publishes a quarterly Reporter newsletter and magazine and a yearly Journal which contains articles on organ history. BIOS is also responsible for the National Pipe Organ Register (NPOR), which aims to catalogue all