Brenner Railway is situated at the border between Italy and Austria and also the operational border between the ÖBB and FS networks. The two companies operate different electrical systems, (15,000 V AC at 16.7 Hz in Austria, and 3,000 V DC in Italy), which requires a stop to change electric locomotives. For this reason, for a long time the operation of express trains from Munich to Verona and Milan was carried out with diesel railcars. Until 30 May 1965 was also needed a second engine change in Bolzano station, as the Bolzano–Brenner section still operated under three-phase AC electrification. In recent years
Mark D. Brenner wage ordinance. He specializes in development and labor economics, particularly with regard to poverty, income distribution and low-wage labor markets. He was a Fulbright scholar in 1998, working in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Brenner has consulted for the United Nations Development Program and the International Labour Organization. Brenner was a professor of economics at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the Political Economy Research Institute. He left in September 2005 to join the staff of Labor Notes. Brenner spent several years working with living wage campaigns around the country, as well as playing a leading role in his union in Massachusetts.