Princes in the Tower act stated that Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville's marriage was invalid because of Edward's pre-contract of marriage with Lady Eleanor Butler. Gloucester was crowned King Richard III of England on 3 July. The declaration of the boys' illegitimacy has been described by Rosemary Horrox as an ex post facto justification for Richard's accession. Dominic Mancini, an Italian friar who visited England in the 1480s and who was in London in the spring and summer of 1483, recorded that after Richard III seized the throne, Edward and his younger brother Richard were taken into the "inner apartments of the Tower" and
Princes in the Tower Josephine Tey's "The Daughter of Time" and four novels in Philippa Gregory's Cousins' War series, as well as aspects of George R. R. Martin's "Game of Thrones", wherein boy heirs are apparently murdered. The continued publishing of these novels and stories have contributed to the continued fascination with this mystery. The brothers also appear in the Victorian-era themed manga series, "Black Butler", better known as "Kuroshitsuji", by Yana Toboso. Princes in the Tower "The Princes in the Tower" is an expression frequently used to refer to Edward V, King of England and Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York. The two