The Fabric of the Cosmos the book, such as discussions revolving around classical physics, quantum mechanics, and cosmological physics. Chapter 2, "The Universe and the Bucket", features space as its key point. The question posed by Greene is this: "Is space a human abstraction, or is it a physical entity?" The key thought experiment is a spinning bucket of water, designed to make one think about what creates the force felt inside the bucket when it is spinning. The ideas of Isaac Newton, Ernst Mach, and Gottfried Leibniz on this thought experiment are discussed in detail. Chapter 3, "Relativity and the Absolute", focuses on spacetime.
IRA Required Minimum Distributions but after-death distributions (below) are required. They can always withdraw more than the minimum amount from their IRA or plan in any year, but if they withdraw less than the required minimum, they will be subject to a federal penalty. The IRS penalty is an excise tax equal to 50% of the amount they should have withdrawn, but did not. This penalty is in addition to ordinary income at the individual's marginal rate and any state income taxes. The RMD rules are designed to spread out the distributions of one's entire interest in an IRA or plan account over one's