President of Tajikistan of his support for the August Coup of 1991 in Moscow and the resulting street demonstrations in Dushanbe. From 1991 to 1992 the post of the president changed hands several times due to the political changes and uncertainty following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and ensuing social unrest and violence in the Tajikistan Civil War. Since 1994, Emomali Rahmonov has held the position of the presidency. The presidential elections were last held in 2013. Presidential elections in Tajikistan have consistently been criticized by international observers as unfair and favoring the ruling party. The President of the Republic of Tajikistan
Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic went under the pseudonym Sarmen, wrote the lyrics. Upon independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Armenia adopted the anthem "Mer Hayrenik" ("Our Fatherland") in its place. Russian was the state official language of the Armenian SSR, alongside Armenian. Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The State Anthem of the Armenian SSR () was the national anthem of Armenia when it was a republic of the Soviet Union, known as the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. The anthem was used from 1944 to 1991. It was composed by Aram Khachaturian, a world-famous Armenian composer, who was known for his concertos