Kris culture. In "Yingya Shenglan"—a record about Zheng He's expedition (1405–1433)—Ma Huan describes that This Chinese account also reported that public execution by stabbing using this type of dagger is common. Majapahit knows no caning for major or minor punishment. They tied the guilty men's hands in the back with rattan rope and paraded them for a few paces, and then stabbed the offender one or two times in the back on the gap between the floating ribs, which resulted in severe bleeding and instant death. Currently, the Kris of Knaud is the oldest known surviving kris in the world. Given
Kris or ivory. A kris's aesthetic value covers the "dhapur" (the form and design of the blade, with around 60 variants), the "pamor" (the pattern of metal alloy decoration on the blade, with around 250 variants), and "tangguh" referring to the age and origin of a kris. Depending on the quality and historical value of the kris, it can fetch thousands of dollars or more. Both a weapon and spiritual object, kris are often considered to have an essence or presence, considered to possess magical powers, with some blades possessing good luck and others possessing bad. Kris are used for display,