Inferno (Dante) with his sons and grandsons in the Torre dei Gualandi. In March 1289, the Archbishop condemned the prisoners to death by starvation in the tower. Canto XXXIV In the very centre of Hell, condemned for committing the ultimate sin (personal treachery against God), is the Devil, referred to by Virgil as Dis (the Roman god of the underworld; the name "Dis" was often used for Pluto in antiquity, such as in Virgil's "Aeneid"). The arch-traitor, Lucifer was once held by God to be fairest of the angels before his pride led him to rebel against God, resulting in his expulsion
Chinese names for the God of Abrahamic religions composed by Lü Dongbin, the Christian God is denominated by the term "Tiānzhǔ" (天主, literally, "Lord of Heaven"), 800 years before Matteo Ricci and his companions. Islam has enjoyed a long history in China. For Chinese Muslims, the principal term for God is also "Zhēnzhǔ" (真主) but transliterations of the Arabic "Allâh" also exist as "Ālā", and as "Ānlā"="Ān" "Peace"+"Lā" "Help" (阿拉 and 安拉). The term "Húdà" (胡大), from Persian "khudai", for God, is seen more often in north-western China. The earliest documented Chinese Roman Catholic church was founded in China in about 1289. The Roman Catholic Church historically favored