Preparation (physics) experienced in quantum mechanics. Preparation (physics) Generally, measuring instruments are meant to get the (pre-)existent value of a physical quantity of a system with as little change of, or interaction with the system as possible. — If a measuring instrument fixes a physical quantity of a physical system for further use (post-existent), then the measurement process is called preparation. For example, a graduated cylinder filled to a definite mark prepares a certain volume of the liquid for further use. Though preparation measures a physical quantity — at least by fixing it — it often destroys previous states of the physical
Types of business entity in Russia can distribute its shares to an unlimited number of shareholders and sell them without limitations. The statutory minimum charter capital is 100,000 Russian roubles. Closed joint-stock company ( (abbreviated ZAO) is a legal entity whose shares are distributed among a limited number of shareholders - maximum 50. The statutory minimum charter capital is 10,000 Russian roubles. In Russia, a JSC can be completely or partially owned by the federal government. Such JSCs are different from another type of state-controlled company, the unitary enterprise. This is a commercial organization that operates state-owned assets. State-owned JSCs do not own or operate any