Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom halls" of Durham, are separate corporations, while the colleges of other universities, the "maintained colleges" of Durham, and the "societies of the university" at Oxford are parts of their parent universities and do not have independent corporate existence. In the past, many of what are now British universities with their own degree-awarding powers were colleges which had their degrees awarded by either a federal university (such as Cardiff University) or validated by another university (for example many of the post-1992 universities). Colleges that had (or have) courses validated by a university are not normally considered to be colleges of that
Colleges of the University of Otago to take place in their college. While the majority of the residential colleges are owned by the University, they each have their own internal management structures and College Council. Four colleges are privately owned and are governed entirely independently from the University. These are Selwyn College, Knox College, St Margaret's College, and Salmond College. A number of intercollegiate competitions are held, though often between pairs or subsets of the colleges. According to the university's prospectus, all colleges other than Toroa College have some inter-collegiate activities. Regular competitions include: An intercollegiate rowing competition was held in May 2010 which Unicol are