History of variational principles in physics involves integrals over an interval of time and (for fields) extended region of space. Moreover, in the usual formulation of classical action principles, the initial and final states of the system are fixed, e.g., In particular, the fixing of the "final" state appears to give the action principle a teleological character which has been controversial historically. This apparent teleology is eliminated in the quantum mechanical version of the action principle. History of variational principles in physics A variational principle in physics is an alternative method for determining the state or dynamics of a physical system, by identifying it as an
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics participating societies are: The journal publishes the following types of articles The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 4.123. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research and review articles on any aspect of physical chemistry, chemical physics, and biophysical chemistry. It is published by the Royal Society of Chemistry on behalf of eighteen participating societies. The editor-in-chief is Seong Keun Kim (Seoul National University). The journal was established in 1999 as the results of a merger between