Retirement idea of retirement is of recent origin, being introduced during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Previously, low life expectancy and the absence of pension arrangements meant that most workers continued to work until death. Germany was the first country to introduce retirement benefits in 1889. Nowadays, most developed countries have systems to provide pensions on retirement in old age, which may be sponsored by employers or the state. In many poorer countries, support for the old is still mainly provided through the family. Today, retirement with a pension is considered a right of the worker in many societies,
Old age and the study of diseases that afflict the elderly is called geriatrics. The elderly also face other social issues around retirement, loneliness, and ageism. Old age is not a definite biological stage, as the chronological age denoted as "old age" varies culturally and historically. In 2011, the United Nations proposed a human rights convention that would specifically protect older persons. Definitions of old age include official definitions, sub-group definitions, and four dimensions as follows. Old age comprises "the later part of life; the period of life after youth and middle age . . ., usually with reference to deterioration". At