Turbine waterwheels. Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Credit for invention of the steam turbine is given both to Anglo-Irish engineer Sir Charles Parsons (1854–1931) for invention of the reaction turbine, and to Swedish engineer Gustaf de Laval (1845–1913) for invention of the impulse turbine. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery. The word "turbine" was coined in 1822 by the French mining engineer Claude Burdin from the
Rosalie (steamship) purser. By 1898, "Rosalie" was controlled by the Washington & Alaska Steamship Company in which among others, Peabody, then acting as "Rosalie" 's purser, was interested. The company ran six sailings a month from Seattle, to Mary Island, Metlakatla, Ketchikan, Wrangell, Juneau, Dyea, Haines Mission and Skagway with the "Rosalie" among other vessels. "Rosalie" ran in on the Alaska route from 1897 to 1900. By 1900, the extreme boom for transport to the Klondike golf fields had faded, and "Rosalie" was returned to Puget Sound, this time as the first vessel in the ownership of Joshua Green. Green had secured