Pamunkey most powerful. Powhatan and his daughter Matoaka (Pocahontas), who achieved historical fame, were Pamunkey Native Americans. Captain Samuel Argall abducted her as a hostage in an attempt to secure the release of some English prisoners and ammunitions held by her father. Initial contact with Europeans was around 1570. "And from [1570] on at ever briefer intervals until the first permanent English colony was established at Jamestown in 1607, the Powhatan Confederacy was visited by white men: Spanish, French, and English." (Barbour, 5). Scholars estimate that when the English arrived in 1607, this paramount chiefdom numbered about 14,000–21,000 people. Colonists of
John Smith (Chippewa Indian) John Smith (Chippewa Indian) Chief John Smith (born 1822-6, died February 6, 1922, North Minnesota), also known as "Gaa-binagwiiyaas" ("which the flesh peels off")—recorded variously as Kahbe nagwi wens, Ka-be-na-gwe-wes, Ka-be-nah-gwey-wence, Kay-bah-nung-we-way or Ga-Be-Nah-Gewn-Wonce—translated into English as "Sloughing Flesh", "Wrinkle Meat", or Old "Wrinkled Meat", was a Chippewa Indian who lived in the Cass Lake, Minnesota area. In 1920, two years before his death, he appeared as the main feature in a motion picture exhibition which toured the US, featuring old Indians. Smith was a Chippewa Indian who lived in the Cass Lake, Minnesota area and was reputed to have