Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom halls" of Durham, are separate corporations, while the colleges of other universities, the "maintained colleges" of Durham, and the "societies of the university" at Oxford are parts of their parent universities and do not have independent corporate existence. In the past, many of what are now British universities with their own degree-awarding powers were colleges which had their degrees awarded by either a federal university (such as Cardiff University) or validated by another university (for example many of the post-1992 universities). Colleges that had (or have) courses validated by a university are not normally considered to be colleges of that
Colleges of the University of Oxford Antony's, St Cross and Wolfson only admit postgraduate students. All Souls admits only Fellows. Harris Manchester is intended for "mature students" with a minimum age of 21. In 2018 it was announced that a new, non-residential, graduate college of the University would be established using the premises of the Radcliffe Science Library, opening in 2020. Kellogg and St Cross are the only Oxford colleges without a royal charter. They are officially societies of the university rather than independent colleges and both are considered departments of the university for accounting purposes. The Oxford University Act 1854 and the university statute "De