Journalism aimed at the largest possible audience, including the working class, had proven a success and made its profits through advertising. Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe (1865–1922), "More than anyone... shaped the modern press. Developments he introduced or harnessed remain central: broad contents, exploitation of advertising revenue to subsidize prices, aggressive marketing, subordinate regional markets, independence from party control. His "Daily Mail" held the world record for daily circulation until his death. Prime Minister Lord Salisbury quipped it was "written by office boys for office boys". The first newspaper of India was published on January 29, 1780 known as ‘Hicky’s Gazette’
Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria office was abolished in 1917. The office managed orphanages, care of the invalids, the blind and the deaf, education for women and children and young boys, poor houses and hospitals, many of the institutions founded by empress Maria. Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria The Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria (Ведомство учреждений императрицы Марии) was the name of the Imperial government office of charity in Imperial Russia, and the 4th branch of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery between 1828 and 1917. It was named after empress Maria, who united her management of the Moscow Orphanage with that