Turbine waterwheels. Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Credit for invention of the steam turbine is given both to Anglo-Irish engineer Sir Charles Parsons (1854–1931) for invention of the reaction turbine, and to Swedish engineer Gustaf de Laval (1845–1913) for invention of the impulse turbine. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery. The word "turbine" was coined in 1822 by the French mining engineer Claude Burdin from the
The Haunted Castle (1897 British film) The Haunted Castle (1897 British film) The Haunted Castle is a hypothetical lost 1897 British film, attributed in some filmographies to the British film pioneer George Albert Smith, but which may be a misidentification of a French film by Georges Méliès. Many of Smith's films show an interest in supernatural themes, such as "Photographing a Ghost" (1898), "The Haunted Picture Gallery" (1899), and his major short comedy "Mary Jane's Mishap" (1903); he also filmed a version of the Faust legend. A film called "The Haunted Castle", supposedly released by Smith in December 1897, was attributed to him in the 1973