The Masque of Anarchy The Masque of Anarchy "The Masque of Anarchy" (or "The Mask of Anarchy") is a British political poem written in 1819 (see 1819 in poetry) by Percy Bysshe Shelley following the Peterloo massacre of that year. In his call for freedom, it is perhaps the first modern statement of the principle of nonviolent resistance. The poem was not published during Shelley's lifetime and did not appear in print until 1832 (see 1832 in poetry), when published by Edward Moxon in London with a preface by Leigh Hunt. Shelley had sent the manuscript in 1819 for publication in "The Examiner". Leigh
Zilan massacre Zilan massacre The Zilan massacre (, etc.), refers to the massacre of thousands of Kurdish residents in the Zilan Valley of Turkey by 12/13 July 1930, during the Ararat rebellion, in which 800–1500 armed men participated. The Zilan massacre took place in the Zilan or Zeylan valley (Kurdish: "Geliyê Zîlan", Turkish: "Zilan Deresi", "Zeylân Deresi)" located to the north of the town of Erciş in Van Province. The massacre took place in July 1930, before the Third Ararat Operation (Turkish: "Üçüncü Ağrı Harekâtı", September 7–14, 1930), which was a military operation of the Turkish IX Corps under the command of