Liquid nitrogen cocktail extremely damaging to body tissue, causing frostbite and cryogenic burning on contact. If ingested it can lead to severe internal damage, destroying tissue in the mouth and digestive tract. Furthermore, as it evaporates liquid nitrogen releases a large volume of gas, which means it can burst the stomach if swallowed in a sufficiently large amount. The potential danger of liquid nitrogen cocktails was highlighted by an incident that occurred in the United Kingdom in October 2012. On 4 October, an 18-year-old woman named Gaby Scanlon was admitted to hospital with severe abdominal pain and shortness of breath after drinking a
Ice cream maker firm consistency. Some machines—such as certain lower-priced countertop models—require the resulting mixture to be frozen for additional time after churning is complete. Nancy Johnson patented the first hand-cranked model in 1843. She then sold the patent to William Young, who marketed the machine as the "Johnson Patent Ice-Cream Freezer". Hand-cranked machines' ice and salt mixture must be replenished to make a new batch of ice cream. Usually, rock salt is used. The salt causes the ice to melt and lowers the temperature in the process, below fresh water freezing, but the water does not freeze due to the salt content.