Laboratory of Molecular Biology after their formal retirement including: Max Perutz, following an undergraduate training in organic chemistry, left Austria in 1936 and came to the University of Cambridge to study for a PhD, joining the X-ray crystallographic group led by J.D. Bernal. Here, in the Cavendish laboratory, he started his lifelong work on hemoglobin. The death of Lord Rutherford led to his successor, Lawrence Bragg, a pioneer in X-ray crystallography, becoming the new Cavendish professor of physics in 1938. Bragg became a major supporter of Perutz and his group in those early days. After World War II, many scientists from the physical side
Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particles Physics Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particles Physics The Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics (LIP) ("LIP - Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas") is a state-run Portuguese research laboratory created in 1986 under the sponsorship of the National Foundation for Science (FCT) of the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education. LIP has three main centers of activity, one in Lisbon, one in Coimbra and one in Braga. The majority of the research activities are done through international collaborations with institutions like CERN. The laboratory has about 180 members, among which are professors and scientists affiliated