Drug discovery crude preparations are morphine, the active agent in opium, and digoxin, a heart stimulant originating from Digitalis lanata. Organic chemistry also led to the synthesis of many of the natural products isolated from biological sources. Historically, substances, whether crude extracts or purified chemicals, were screened for biological activity without knowledge of the biological target. Only after an active substance was identified was an effort made to identify the target. This approach is known as classical pharmacology, forward pharmacology, or phenotypic drug discovery. Later, small molecules were synthesized to specifically target a known physiological/pathological pathway, avoiding the mass screening of banks
Where Mathematics Comes From Where Mathematics Comes From Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being (hereinafter "WMCF") is a book by George Lakoff, a cognitive linguist, and Rafael E. Núñez, a psychologist. Published in 2000, "WMCF" seeks to found a cognitive science of mathematics, a theory of embodied mathematics based on conceptual metaphor. Mathematics makes up that part of the human conceptual system that is special in the following way: Nikolay Lobachevsky said "There is no branch of mathematics, however abstract, which may not some day be applied to phenomena of the real world." A common type of conceptual