Solo diving II. In the late 1940s, after the invention of the Aqua-lung by Cousteau and Gagnan, the first retail underwater breathing apparatus for sport was commercially marketed. As the sport expanded through the 1950s, several sporting organisations – notably the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) – began scuba training programmes for swimming enthusiasts, thus began the codification of what was believed to be proper practices for the expanding amateur sport of scuba diving. The buddy system was thought to be a useful corollary to the "never swim alone" edicts of the YMCA swimming and lifesaving programmes. Cousteau independently implemented a buddy
Ilya Espino de Marotta (INCAE). The Project Management Institute certified her as "Project Manager" in 2007. She is also certified as a licensed public translator. Marotta says that her fascination with the water was due in part to her fascination with scuba diving and the work of Jacques Cousteau who was an explorer of the ocean and also pioneered the aqualung. Marotta has worked for the Panama Canal Authority since 1985, where her first role was in the repair workshop on the canal in Colón. She began working as a valuation engineer for the Canal Accounting Division in 1994. In 1998, she became the