Liquid nitrogen cocktail cocktail prepared with liquid nitrogen while celebrating her birthday at a bar in Lancaster city centre. A medical team diagnosed her condition as perforated stomach, and performed a gastrectomy to save her life. On September 17, 2015, Oscar's Wine Bar and Bistro in Lancaster was fined £100,000 as a result of the incident, as no proper risk assessment had been performed and bar staff had not received adequate warnings of the importance of not drinking the cocktail until all the nitrogen had boiled off. The incident prompted representatives of the British Compressed Gases Association and the Food Standards Agency to
Ice cream maker firm consistency. Some machines—such as certain lower-priced countertop models—require the resulting mixture to be frozen for additional time after churning is complete. Nancy Johnson patented the first hand-cranked model in 1843. She then sold the patent to William Young, who marketed the machine as the "Johnson Patent Ice-Cream Freezer". Hand-cranked machines' ice and salt mixture must be replenished to make a new batch of ice cream. Usually, rock salt is used. The salt causes the ice to melt and lowers the temperature in the process, below fresh water freezing, but the water does not freeze due to the salt content.