Land reform in the Austrian Empire at 20 times its annual revenue. The peasant would pay 1/3, the government 1/3, and the landlord would lose 1/3. The reform ended the feudalism in all the Habsburg lands. However, the distribution of land were still unequal. 73% of arable land still belonged to the nobility, 8% to the bourgeoisie, and only 19% to the peasantry. Land reform in the Austrian Empire Land reforms were done in the Austrian Empire following the liberal revolutions of 1848. In 1849, the newly elected Constituent Assembly gave the peasants title to their holdings with no further obligation to the landlords (this is
Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century 1854, it entered Venezuela; Brazil also suffered in 1855. The fourth cholera pandemic (1863–1875) spread mostly in Europe and Africa. At least 30,000 of the 90,000 Mecca pilgrims died from the disease. Cholera ravaged northern Africa in 1865 and southeastward to Zanzibar, killing 70,000 in 1869–70. Cholera claimed 90,000 lives in Russia in 1866. The epidemic of cholera that spread with the Austro-Prussian War (1866) is estimated to have taken 165,000 lives in the Austrian Empire. In 1867, 113,000 lost their lives to cholera in Italy. and 80,000 in Algeria. Outbreaks in North America in 1866–1873 killed some 50,000 Americans.