Land reform in the Austrian Empire at 20 times its annual revenue. The peasant would pay 1/3, the government 1/3, and the landlord would lose 1/3. The reform ended the feudalism in all the Habsburg lands. However, the distribution of land were still unequal. 73% of arable land still belonged to the nobility, 8% to the bourgeoisie, and only 19% to the peasantry. Land reform in the Austrian Empire Land reforms were done in the Austrian Empire following the liberal revolutions of 1848. In 1849, the newly elected Constituent Assembly gave the peasants title to their holdings with no further obligation to the landlords (this is
History of the Ottoman Empire conquest of Esztergom in 1543. France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule in both Southern and Central Europe, became strong allies during this period. The alliance was economic and military, as the sultans granted France the right of trade within the Empire without levy of taxation. By this time, the Ottoman Empire was a significant and accepted part of the European political sphere. It made a military alliance with France, the Kingdom of England and the Dutch Republic against Habsburg Spain, Italy and Habsburg Austria. As the 16th century progressed, Ottoman naval superiority was challenged