Panel painting uses heated wax as the medium for the pigments. This was replaced before the end of first millennium by tempera, which uses an egg-yolk medium. Using small brushes dipped in a mixture of pigment and egg-yolk, the paint was applied in very small, almost transparent, brushstrokes. Thin layers of paint would be used to create volumetric forms. By the beginning of the 15th century, oil painting was developed. This was more tolerant, and allowed the exceptional detail of Early Netherlandish art. This used a very painstaking multi-layered technique, where the painting, or a particular part of it, had to be
Ava (given name) a medieval German woman poet. This name is the origin of the Norman French name of Aveline, which in turn gave rise to the English given name of Evelyn. As evidence for the name is lacking between the later medieval and the modern period, the "Oxford Dictionary of First Names" supposes that it was coined anew as a modern innovation, presumably as a variant of Eva, or (like "Eva") used as an anglicization of the Irish name Aoife. Āvā is also a feminine given name in the Persian language, meaning "voice, sound". In the Russian language, Ava () may be