Homage to Catalonia 1943. The closing phrase of the poem, "No bomb that ever burst shatters the crystal spirit", was later taken by George Woodcock for the title of his Governor General's Award-winning critical study of Orwell and his work, "The Crystal Spirit" (1966). Homage to Catalonia Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War. The war was one of the shaping events on his political outlook and a significant part of what led him to write, in 1946, "Every line of serious work that I have written
Foreign involvement in the Spanish Civil War war's end. The Republicans spent close to a million dollars a month on tires, cars and machine tools from American companies between 1937 and 1938. After the war was over, José Maria Doussinague, who was at the time undersecretary at the Spanish Foreign Ministry said, "without American petroleum and American trucks, and American credit, we could never have won the Civil War." In the aftermath of the civil war, several American politicians and statesmen identified the US' policy of isolation as disastrous. This narrative changed during the Cold War, when Franco was viewed as an ally against the Soviet Union.