NATO phonetic alphabet by those who exchange voice messages by radio or telephone, regardless of language differences or the quality of the communication channel. The 26 code words in the NATO phonetic alphabet are assigned to the 26 letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order as follows: , Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, , Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu. Strict adherence to the prescribed spelling words is required in order to avoid the problems of confusion that the spelling alphabet is designed to overcome. As noted in a
History of the International Phonetic Alphabet alphabet has undergone a number of revisions during its history, the most significant being the one put forth at the Kiel Convention in 1989. Changes to the alphabet are proposed and discussed in the Association's organ, "Journal of the International Phonetic Association", previously known as "Le Maître Phonétique" and before that as "The Phonetic Teacher", and then put to a vote by the Association's Council. The extensions to the IPA for disordered speech were created in 1990, with its first major revision approved in 2016. The International Phonetic Association was founded in Paris in 1886 under the name "Dhi Fonètik