Buddy diving just before and after the Second World War. After the invention of the "aqualung" by Cousteau and Gagnan, the first commercially underwater breathing apparatus became available for sale for sporting purposes in the late 1940s. As the new sport of scuba diving rapidly expanded through the 1950s, several sporting organisations—notably the YMCA—began programmes to train swimming enthusiasts in this new aquatic pastime, and began to codify what they believed were proper practises for this expanding sport. The YMCA considered the buddy system a useful corollary to the "never swim alone" rule of their swimming and lifesaving programmes. Cousteau himself independently
Ilya Espino de Marotta (INCAE). The Project Management Institute certified her as "Project Manager" in 2007. She is also certified as a licensed public translator. Marotta says that her fascination with the water was due in part to her fascination with scuba diving and the work of Jacques Cousteau who was an explorer of the ocean and also pioneered the aqualung. Marotta has worked for the Panama Canal Authority since 1985, where her first role was in the repair workshop on the canal in Colón. She began working as a valuation engineer for the Canal Accounting Division in 1994. In 1998, she became the