History of Lisbon francophile compatriots for the brutality and depredations of the French. Meanwhile, to control access to the capital, Wellington's chief engineer, Richard Fletcher, built the defensive lines known as the Lines of Torres Vedras across the peninsula on which Lisbon sits, using Portuguese workmen. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on one side and the Tagus on the other, the city was reachable only by a narrow stretch of land blocked by a range of hills stretching from Sintra to Torre Vedras, which since Roman times had marked the bounds of Lisbon's territory. Conceived by Fletcher and a Portuguese major, Neves Costa,
Mondego River Mondego just before Penacova. The Ceira River enters the Mondego just south of Coimbra along NH 17. Mondego River The Rio Mondego (; English language: Mondego River) is the longest river located exclusively in Portuguese territory. It has its source in Serra da Estrela, the highest mountain range in mainland Portugal (i.e. except the Portuguese islands). It runs from the Gouveia municipality, at above sea level in Serra da Estrela, to its mouth in the Atlantic Ocean next to the city of Figueira da Foz. It flows through the districts of Guarda, Viseu and Coimbra, all in Centro Region. It