Recruitment in the British Army from families with a military tradition. (This contrasted with the Navy, whose officers were more often from a middle-class background.) The second son of King George III, Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, did much to improve the standard of officer recruitment from his position as Commander in Chief of the Army (from 1795 to 1809, then from 1811 to 1827). The sale of commissions, finally abolished in the Cardwell reforms in 1868–1874, and the further Childers Reforms. In spite of its abolition, the status of an officer being from a privileged background and that of another rank being
Ferik (rank) ranking system), with the inclusion of Brigadier General ("Tuğgeneral") as the fourth and most junior general rank. The title of "Ferik" was abolished with Act No. 2590 of 26 November 1934 on the Abolition of Titles and Appellations such as Efendi, Bey or Pasha. Ferik (rank) Ferik was a military rank of the Ottoman Army. It is translated as Lieutenant General ("Korgeneral"). It was senior to a "Mirliva" (Major General, modern "Tümgeneral" in the Turkish Army) and junior to a "Birinci Ferik" (General, modern "Orgeneral" in the Turkish Army). The collar mark (later shoulder mark) and cap of a "Ferik"