Milan bombings. When Italy surrendered in 1943, German forces occupied most of Northern Italy until 1945. As a result, resistance groups formed. As the war came to an end, the American 1st Armored Division advanced on Milan—but before they arrived, the resistance seized control of the city and executed Mussolini along with several members of his government. On 29 April 1945, the corpses of Mussolini, his mistress Clara Petacci and other Fascist leaders were hanged in Piazzale Loreto. During the post-war economic boom, a large wave of internal migration (especially from rural areas of Southern Italy) moved to Milan. The population
Dictator perpetuo Dictator perpetuo Dictator perpetuo (English: "dictator in perpetuity"), also called dictator in perpetuum, was the office held by Julius Caesar from 26 January or 15 February of the year 44 BCE until his death on 15 March. By abandoning the time restrictions usually applied in the case of the Roman "dictatura", it elevated Caesar's dictatorship into the monarchical sphere. Julius Caesar held the dictator position for only eleven days in 49 BCE (holding elections either as "dictator Comit. habend." or as "dictator rei gerundae causa") and again for the year 48/47 BCE. In 46 BCE, he was elected dictator for