George V death of his grandmother in 1901, George's father ascended the throne as Edward VII, and George was created Prince of Wales. He became king-emperor on his father's death in 1910. George V's reign saw the rise of socialism, communism, fascism, Irish republicanism, and the Indian independence movement, all of which radically changed the political landscape. The Parliament Act 1911 established the supremacy of the elected British House of Commons over the unelected House of Lords. As a result of the First World War (1914–1918), the empires of his first cousins Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Kaiser Wilhelm II of
Kaiser Friedrich III-class battleship Karl der Grosse" and "Kaiser Wilhelm II" were equipped with two of the 3-bladed screws on the outer shafts and a four-bladed screw that was in diameter on the center shaft. "Kaiser Friedrich III" had four Thornycroft and eight cylindrical boilers; "Kaiser Wilhelm II" had a similar arrangement, except the Thornycroft boilers were replaced by Marine-type boilers. "Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse" was equipped with four Marine and six cylindrical boilers, while "Kaiser Barbarossa" had four Thornycroft and six cylindrical boilers. "Kaiser Karl der Grosse" had two Marine boilers, two Marine double boilers, and six cylindrical boilers. The powerplants were rated