Numbered musical notation and so on. Dashes after a note lengthen it, each dash by the length of a quarter note. A dot after the plain or underlined note works increases its length by half, and two dots by three quarters. The underline, along with its joining, are analogous to the number of flags and beaming in standard notation. So are dotted notes. But the analogue stops at notes worth three quarter notes and beyond, where dashes are used instead. The number "0" represents the musical rest. The rules for length is similar to that of the note, except that it is customary
Chinese musical notation actions and string orders, without recording the pitch and tempo, thus make the piece look simpler and give more flexibility to the Guqin Player. Tablatures for the "qin" are collected in what is called "qinpu". "Gongche notation", dating from the Tang dynasty, used Chinese characters for the names of the scale. Octave positions are sometimes shown by the addition of an affix or small mark. A chromatic scale could be produced from this by the use of the prefixes "gao-" (‘high’) to raise a note, or "xia-"(‘low’) to lower it, by a semitone; but after the 11th-century, "gao-" ceased to