Big Bang of the world happened a little before the beginning of space and time. During the 1930s other ideas were proposed as non-standard cosmologies to explain Hubble's observations, including the Milne model, the oscillatory universe (originally suggested by Friedmann, but advocated by Albert Einstein and Richard Tolman) and Fritz Zwicky's tired light hypothesis. After World War II, two distinct possibilities emerged. One was Fred Hoyle's steady state model, whereby new matter would be created as the universe seemed to expand. In this model the universe is roughly the same at any point in time. The other was Lemaître's Big Bang theory,
The Beginning and End of the Universe while there are "oodles of graphs and stats," which he explains, "with seemingly effortless lucidity," regular viewers of "Horizon", "might be immune to the barrage of cosmic stats." The Beginning and End of the Universe The Beginning and End of the Universe is a two-part British television series outlining the theory of the beginning of the universe and the theories about its ending. This episode, exploring theories of how the universe came into being, outlines the realisation of Edwin Hubble that the universe is expanding, and the discovery of the residual radiation that gave weight to the Big Bang theory.