Recruitment in the British Army from families with a military tradition. (This contrasted with the Navy, whose officers were more often from a middle-class background.) The second son of King George III, Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, did much to improve the standard of officer recruitment from his position as Commander in Chief of the Army (from 1795 to 1809, then from 1811 to 1827). The sale of commissions, finally abolished in the Cardwell reforms in 1868–1874, and the further Childers Reforms. In spite of its abolition, the status of an officer being from a privileged background and that of another rank being
Komandarm 2nd rank Fleet Flag Officer 2nd rank in the "Soviet navy", or to Komissar of state security 2nd rank . With the reintroduction of regular general ranks, the designation "Komandarm 1st rank" was abolished, and replaced by General of the Army (OF-9b) or Colonel general (OF-8). Following the foundation of the Soviet Union the rank designation and rank insignia of the Imperial Russian Army was suppressed. However, an alternative rank structure was introduced by disposal of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union and the Council of People's Commissars, from September 22, 1935. The new rank structure was as follows: These