Solo diving II. In the late 1940s, after the invention of the Aqua-lung by Cousteau and Gagnan, the first retail underwater breathing apparatus for sport was commercially marketed. As the sport expanded through the 1950s, several sporting organisations – notably the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) – began scuba training programmes for swimming enthusiasts, thus began the codification of what was believed to be proper practices for the expanding amateur sport of scuba diving. The buddy system was thought to be a useful corollary to the "never swim alone" edicts of the YMCA swimming and lifesaving programmes. Cousteau independently implemented a buddy
Philippe Cousteau Society of America (now presented by The Academy of Underwater Arts and Sciences) (1977), World Wildlife Award and many others. The Philippe Cousteau Anchor Museum in Asturias, Spain, honors the oceanographer. The lycée Philippe Cousteau in Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France honors his work. His children Alexandra Cousteau and Philippe Cousteau Jr. continue the family work in oceanography as the Co-Founders of EarthEcho International. Philippe Cousteau Philippe-Pierre Cousteau (30 December 1940 – 28 June 1979) was the second son of Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Simone Cousteau, a diver, sailor, pilot, photographer, author, director and cinematographer specializing in environmental issues, with a background in oceanography.