Upper gastrointestinal series (or study), whereas the barium enema is called a lower gastrointestinal series (or study). In upper gastrointestinal series examinations, the barium sulfate is mixed with water and swallowed orally, whereas in the lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema), the barium contrast agent is administered as an enema through a small tube inserted into the rectum. Barium X-ray examinations are useful tools for the study of appearance and function of the parts of the gastrointestinal tract. They are used to diagnose and monitor esophageal reflux, dysphagia, hiatus hernia, strictures, diverticula, pyloric stenosis, gastritis, enteritis, volvulus, varices, ulcers, tumors, and gastrointestinal dysmotility, as
Colon (punctuation) address colons (and one optional double colon) separate up to 8 groups of 16 bits in hexadecimal representation. In a URL a colon follows the initial scheme name (such as HTTP and FTP), and separates a port number from the hostname or IP address. In BASIC, it is used as a separator between the statements or instructions in a single line, which is represented in other languages via the semicolon. In Forth, a colon "precedes" definition of a new word. Haskell uses a colon (pronounced as "cons", short for "construct") as an operator to add an element to the front