Panel painting uses heated wax as the medium for the pigments. This was replaced before the end of first millennium by tempera, which uses an egg-yolk medium. Using small brushes dipped in a mixture of pigment and egg-yolk, the paint was applied in very small, almost transparent, brushstrokes. Thin layers of paint would be used to create volumetric forms. By the beginning of the 15th century, oil painting was developed. This was more tolerant, and allowed the exceptional detail of Early Netherlandish art. This used a very painstaking multi-layered technique, where the painting, or a particular part of it, had to be
Ruby (given name) used as a nickname for the name Reuben. Authors Pamela Redmond Satran and Linda Rosenkrantz noted in their 2007 book "Baby Name Bible" that Ruby is a "vibrant" name with a "sassy and sultry" image, while Laura Wattenberg wrote in her 2005 book "The Baby Name Wizard: A Magical Method for Finding the Perfect Name For Your Baby" that Ruby has the image of a woman "kicking up her heels" at a music hall. Notable people with the name include: Ruby (given name) Ruby is a predominantly feminine given name taken from the name of the gemstone ruby. The name