Liquid nitrogen evaporates, and can cause violent oxidation of organic material. Ingestion of liquid nitrogen can cause severe internal damage, due to freezing of the tissues which come in contact with it and to the volume of gaseous nitrogen evolved as the liquid is warmed by body heat. In 1997, a physics student demonstrating the Leidenfrost effect by holding liquid nitrogen in his mouth accidentally swallowed the substance, resulting in near-fatal injuries. This was apparently the first case in medical literature of liquid nitrogen ingestion. In 2012, a young woman in England had her stomach removed after ingesting a cocktail made with
Crab ice cream freezing for half an hour a mixture of stock made mainly from crab, with an alternative being prawns, and a little milk powder (skimmed), a dozen yolks of egg, and some sugar. Crab ice cream is described to be sweet in flavour to the majority of people, although some may taste otherwise as it has been proven that taste is affected by the brain's expectations. Blumenthal has compared crab ice cream to "frozen crab bisque". Crab ice cream is made by Heston Blumenthal, a renowned chef and owner of the Fat Duck, in Berkshire, England, as a dessert item on