Army Council (1904) practice, however, a huge amount of influence was retained by the exceedingly conservative C-in-C Field Marshal Prince George, 2nd Duke of Cambridge, who held the post between 1856–1895. His resistance to reform caused military efficiency to lag well behind Britain's rivals, a problem which became painfully obvious during the Second Boer War. The situation was only remedied in 1904 when the post of Commander-in-Chief was abolished and replaced with that of the Chief of the General Staff. An Army Council was created along similar lines to the Board of Admiralty, chaired by the Secretary of State for War, and an
Kapitan (rank) Major-rank was abolished in May 1884, the Kapitan-rank was upgraded to level VIII in the rank table. However, the "Guards kapitan" became equivalent to generic Podpolkovnik in the Army. In the civil administration "Kapitan of the infantry" was equivalent to the "Council assessor" (ru: "Коллежский асессор; Kolleshsky assessor") from 1884, and "Titular adviser" (ru: "Титулярный советник, Tituljarny sovetnik") until 1884. Some examples of rank insignia (epaulette, shoulder board), used by RIA IRA, are shown below: In the armed forces of the Soviet Union (later Russian Federation) the "Kapitan´s" rank (to Army, Air Force, and Navy land services) was introduced by