History of the British Army which led to the Cardwell and Childers Reforms of the late 19th century. These gave the British Army its modern shape, and defined its regimental system. The Esher Report in 1904, recommended radical reform of the British Army, such as the creation of an Army Council, a General Staff and the abolition of the office of Commander in Chief of the Forces and the creation of a Chief of the General Staff. The Haldane Reforms in 1907, created an expeditionary force of seven divisions, it also reorganized the volunteers into a new Territorial Force of fourteen cavalry brigades and fourteen
Kapitan (rank) Major-rank was abolished in May 1884, the Kapitan-rank was upgraded to level VIII in the rank table. However, the "Guards kapitan" became equivalent to generic Podpolkovnik in the Army. In the civil administration "Kapitan of the infantry" was equivalent to the "Council assessor" (ru: "Коллежский асессор; Kolleshsky assessor") from 1884, and "Titular adviser" (ru: "Титулярный советник, Tituljarny sovetnik") until 1884. Some examples of rank insignia (epaulette, shoulder board), used by RIA IRA, are shown below: In the armed forces of the Soviet Union (later Russian Federation) the "Kapitan´s" rank (to Army, Air Force, and Navy land services) was introduced by