History of Lisbon francophile compatriots for the brutality and depredations of the French. Meanwhile, to control access to the capital, Wellington's chief engineer, Richard Fletcher, built the defensive lines known as the Lines of Torres Vedras across the peninsula on which Lisbon sits, using Portuguese workmen. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on one side and the Tagus on the other, the city was reachable only by a narrow stretch of land blocked by a range of hills stretching from Sintra to Torre Vedras, which since Roman times had marked the bounds of Lisbon's territory. Conceived by Fletcher and a Portuguese major, Neves Costa,
Atlantic City, New Jersey the summer. Summers are typically warm and humid with a July daily average of . During this time, the city gets a sea breeze off the ocean that often makes daytime temperatures much cooler than inland areas, making Atlantic City a prime place for beating the summer heat from June through September. Average highs even just a few miles west of Atlantic City exceed in July. Near the coast, temperatures reach or exceed on an average of only 6.8 days a year, but this reaches 21 days at nearby Atlantic City International Airport. Winters are cool, with January averaging .