Chemical element native solid elements occur in alloys, such as that of iron and nickel. The history of the discovery and use of the elements began with primitive human societies that found native elements like carbon, sulfur, copper and gold. Later civilizations extracted elemental copper, tin, lead and iron from their ores by smelting, using charcoal. Alchemists and chemists subsequently identified many more; all of the naturally occurring elements were known by 1950. The properties of the chemical elements are summarized in the periodic table, which organizes the elements by increasing atomic number into rows ("periods") in which the columns ("groups") share
Alternative periodic tables each element has with respect to another element in the table. Other tables aim to emphasize the chemical element isolations by humans over time. Charles Janet's Left step periodic table (1928) is considered to be the most significant alternative to the traditional depiction of the periodic system. It organizes elements according to orbital filling (instead of valence) and is widely used by physicists. Compared to the common layout, the Left step table has these changes: A modern version of the periodic table is constructed by Valery Tsimmerman, named the ADOMAH periodic table (2006). Its structure is based on the four