Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, Edward. Longford's second son William, who eventually succeeded in the earldom, was a general in the British Army. The Countess of Longford survived her husband by over 40 years and died in February 1880. Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford, (14 May 1774 – 28 May 1835), known as The Lord Longford between 1792 and 1794, was an Anglo-Irish peer. Pakenham was the eldest son of Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford, by Catherine Rowley, daughter of Hercules Rowley. His sister, the Honourable Catherine Pakenham, was the
Evolution from Francis Turbine to Kaplan Turbine speed (N) is directly proportional to Flow (Q) and inversely proportional to Head (H). On the other hand, Francis turbine works on low Specific speeds i.e., high pressure heads. In the figure, it can be seen that the increase in Specific speed (or decrease in Head) have following consequences: Hence, these are the parameter changes that has to be incorporated in converting a Francis turbine to Kaplan turbine. Evolution from Francis Turbine to Kaplan Turbine Francis turbine converts energy at high pressure heads which are not easily available and hence a turbine was required to convert the energy at low