Foot whipping Foot whipping Foot whipping or bastinado is a method of corporal punishment which consists of hitting the soles of a person's bare feet. Unlike most types of flogging, this punishment was meant to be more painful than it was to cause actual injury to the victim. Blows were generally delivered with a light rod, knotted cord, or lash. The receiving person is required to be barefoot. The uncovered soles of the feet need to be placed in an exposed position. The beating is typically performed with an object in the type of a cane or switch. The strokes are usually
Object of the mind "Appendices" to "The Lord of the Rings", Tolkien's characters name the "Red Book of Westmarch" as the source material for "The Lord of the Rings", which they describe as a translation. But the "Red Book of Westmarch" is a fictional document that chronicles events in an imaginary world. One might imagine a different translation, by another author. Social reality is composed of many standards and inventions that facilitate communication, but which are ultimately objects of the mind. For example, money is an object of the mind which currency represents. Similarly, languages signify ideas and thoughts. Objects of the mind are