Celtic toponymy from Brythonic *"crüg" 'hill' (Irish "cruach") From tribal name "Dumnonii" or "Dumnones", from Celtic *"dumno-" 'deep', 'world' From Celtic *"dubr-" 'water', *"dubrās" 'waters' (Welsh "dwfr"; Breton "dour") First element is possibly "dun", ' hill fort' (Welsh ddin, 'fort'). First element from Celtic *"duro-" 'fort'; in "Dūrobrīvae", Celtic *"brīwa" 'bridge' Possibly derived from Brythonic *"iska", 'water, fish' and *"leith", 'damp, wet'. From Celtic *"iska" 'water' (Irish "uisce"); second element in "Isca Dumnoniorum" (Exeter) is a tribal name (see "Devon") From Brythonic *"lēd-" [from Celtic *"leito-"] + *"rïd-" [from Celtic *"(φ)ritu-"] = "Grey Ford" From Celtic *"lindo-" 'pool' + Latin "colonia" 'colony'
Name of Italy Name of Italy The name of Italy is at least 3000 years old and has a history that goes back to pre-Roman Italy. It initially referred to the tip of the Italian peninsula, now called Calabria; during the Roman Empire, it was extended to refer to the whole Italian geographical region (including the islands of Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica). "Italia", the ancient name of the Italian peninsula, which is also eponymous of the modern republic, originally applied only to a part of what is now Southern Italy. According to Antiochus of Syracuse, it included only the southern portion of the