Pertussis toxin "Bordetella" is that "B. pertussis" produces PT and the other species do not. "Bordetella parapertussis" shows the most similarity to "B. pertussis" and was therefore used for research determining the role of PT in causing the typical symptoms of whooping cough. Rat studies showed the development of paroxysmal coughing, a characteristic for whooping cough, occurred in rats infected with "B. pertussis". Rats infected with "B. parapertussis" or a PT-deficient mutant of "B. pertussis" did not show this symptom; neither of these two strains produced PT. A large group of bacterial exotoxins are referred to as "A/B toxins", in essence because
Fatty liver disease Fatty liver disease Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis, is a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver. There are two types non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease. NAFLD is made up of simple fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Risk factors for NAFLD include diabetes, obesity, and older age. The condition is also associated with other diseases that influence fat metabolism. It is difficult to distinguish alcoholic FLD, which is part of alcoholic liver disease, from nonalcoholic FLD (NAFLD), and both show microvesicular and macrovesicular fatty changes at different stages. Fatty