History of the halfpenny . The halfpennies of the first reign of King Edward IV (1461–1470) are divided into the heavy coinage up to 1464, which was only minted in London, and the light coinage from 1464, produced at London, Bristol (now ), Canterbury (), York, and Norwich (). The obverse inscription reads . During the short second reign of Henry VI (1470–1471), halfpennies were produced at London and Bristol. The obverse inscription was changed to read . Halfpennies of the second reign of Edward IV (1471–1483) are much like those of the first reign (only a few months earlier) but they were also
Cham–Vietnamese War (1471) them, ordering the Malaccans to strike back with violent force if the Vietnamese attacked. Only a small Cham kingdom remained in the south but this did not persist. Around 162,000 Cham remain in Vietnam today. The victory allowed the Đại Việt a period of stability since it united the north under the Trinh dynasty. It also allowed the kingdom to consolidate its power in its later conflict with the Nguyen family that ruled the south. Cham–Vietnamese War (1471) The Cham-Đại Việt War of 1471 began when Emperor Lê Thánh Tông of Đại Việt launched a military expedition that is widely