Siege of Esztergom (1241) other European states, bar Moravia, Bohemia, and the Polish duchies, which the Mongols dealt with separately. Bela's kingdom was ill-prepared for the Mongol invasion. At the time, Hungary was one of the poorest and most sparsely populated areas of Europe. The population was estimated at slightly over 2 million in the mid-thirteenth century despite its large land area, with the largest city, Esztergom, having only 12,000 inhabitants. Its armies consisted primarily of light cavalry with some light infantry, and only a handful of crossbowmen, mounted knights, and heavy infantry, in contrast to the areas further west where such troops were
Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier Île Royale, Louisiana, Illinois, Upper Country and Canada. The inhabitants could be separated in two categories, the Indigenous people and the European settlers. During the office of Saint-Vallier the immigration from France was mostly over; the European colons were farmers, fishermen, sailors, merchants and ‘coureurs des bois’ overseen by a small elite of aristocratic leaders and parishes’ priests, but a great demographic explosion occurred between 1685 and 1730, the white population in New France jumping from c. 12 000 inhabitants to c. 41 500. The Amerindian tribes constituted the second half of the population, by far the most numerous. But