Town centre development of indoor shopping malls in major towns and cities. Examples include the Manchester Arndale Centre, the St. James Centre in Edinburgh and the Bullring Centre in Birmingham. They tended to be constructed in a Brutalist or Modernist fashion reflecting the architectural styles of the period. During the Thatcher government of the 1980s, a change in planning policy allowed competing out-of-town shopping and leisure centres to be developed. Examples include the Metro Centre in Gateshead, the Merry Hill Shopping Centre in Dudley, and the Gyle Centre in Edinburgh. Developments of this type have, in a number of places, resulted in
Westfield Parramatta in Australia, and its 28.7 million customer visits per annum makes it Australia's busiest Westfield shopping centre. Westfield Parramatta is a super regional shopping centre in the Parramatta Central Business District (CBD). Reflecting Parramatta's status as Sydney's second CBD (being an important economic, commercial and retail hub in Greater Sydney), Westfield Parramatta serves a large resident and worker population; its trade area larger than the average of large regional centers in Australia. Westfield Parramatta has 5 levels of retail and 9 levels of car parking spread across 5 city blocks. Two pedestrian air bridges connect the central portion of the