Pertussis vaccine and new mutations in the pathogen that existing vaccines are unable to effectively control. Some studies have suggested that while acellular pertussis vaccines are effective at preventing the disease, they have a limited impact on infection and transmission, meaning that vaccinated people could spread the disease even though they may have only mild symptoms or none at all. For children, immunizations are commonly given in combination with immunizations against tetanus, diphtheria, polio, and haemophilus influenzae type B at two, four, six, and 15–18 months of age. A single later booster is given at four to six years of age (US
White line disease wall resection or debridement. Sometimes, if the problem is severe enough, the horse may need to be specially shod with a heart-bar shoe. White line disease White line disease (also known as seedy toe) is a fungal infection of the horse's hoof. As the name suggests, it attacks the white line, which connects the sole to the hoof wall. It is sometimes mistaken for hoof wall separation disease, but is not to be confused because it is not genetic nor as severe. White line disease changes the typical light color of the white line to a black or dark gray