Economy of Indonesia and the clove monopoly, both involving family members of Suharto. The rupiah remained weak, however, and Suharto was forced to resign in May 1998 after massive riots erupted. In August 1998, Indonesia and the IMF agreed on an Extended Fund Facility (EFF) under President B. J. Habibie that included significant structural reform targets. President Abdurrahman Wahid took office in October 1999, and Indonesia and the IMF signed another EFF in January 2000. The new program also has a range of economic, structural reform, and governance targets. The effects of the crisis were severe. By November 1997, rapid currency depreciation had
National symbols of Indonesia song "Ibu Pertiwi" and "Indonesia Pusaka" . In the national anthem "Indonesia Raya" the lyrics ""Jadi pandu ibuku"" ("Become the scout/guide for my mother") is a reference to Ibu Pertiwi as the mother of Indonesian people. Nusantara is an Indonesian word for the Indonesian archipelago. It is originated from Old Javanese ""Nusa"" and ""Antara"". ""Nusa"" literally means Island and ""Antara"" literally means "between". It is named like that because Indonesian archipelago is located between two continents (Asia and Australia) and two oceans (Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean) The map of Indonesian archipelago often used to symbolise Indonesia, especially Indonesian territory.