Pertussis toxin they are formed from two subunits. The "A" subunit possesses enzyme activity, and is transferred to the host cell following a conformational change in the membrane-bound transport "B" subunit. Pertussis toxin is an exotoxin with six subunits (named "S1" through "S5"—each complex contains two copies of "S4"). The subunits are arranged in "A-B" structure: the "A" component is enzymatically active and is formed from the S1 subunit, while the "B" component is the receptor-binding portion and is made up of subunits S2–S5. The subunits are encoded by "ptx" genes encoded on a large PT operon that also includes additional genes
Kidney disease Kidney disease Kidney disease, or renal disease, also known as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease and has several types according to the location of the inflammation. Inflammation can be diagnosed by blood tests. Nephrosis is non-inflammatory kidney disease. Nephritis and nephrosis can give rise to nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome respectively. Kidney disease usually causes a loss of kidney function to some degree and can result in kidney failure, the complete loss of kidney function. Kidney failure is known as the end-stage of kidney disease, where dialysis or a kidney