Celtic toponymy from Brythonic *"crüg" 'hill' (Irish "cruach") From tribal name "Dumnonii" or "Dumnones", from Celtic *"dumno-" 'deep', 'world' From Celtic *"dubr-" 'water', *"dubrās" 'waters' (Welsh "dwfr"; Breton "dour") First element is possibly "dun", ' hill fort' (Welsh ddin, 'fort'). First element from Celtic *"duro-" 'fort'; in "Dūrobrīvae", Celtic *"brīwa" 'bridge' Possibly derived from Brythonic *"iska", 'water, fish' and *"leith", 'damp, wet'. From Celtic *"iska" 'water' (Irish "uisce"); second element in "Isca Dumnoniorum" (Exeter) is a tribal name (see "Devon") From Brythonic *"lēd-" [from Celtic *"leito-"] + *"rïd-" [from Celtic *"(φ)ritu-"] = "Grey Ford" From Celtic *"lindo-" 'pool' + Latin "colonia" 'colony'
Southern England Chalk Formation Southern England Chalk Formation The Chalk Formation of Southern England is a system of chalk downland in the south of England. The formation is perhaps best known for Salisbury Plain, the location of Stonehenge, the Isle of Wight, and the twin ridgeways of the North Downs and South Downs. The North Downs are confined chiefly to the counties of Kent and Surrey, and the South to Sussex. Each forms a well-defined long range springing from the chalk area of Dorset and Hampshire, to which, though broken up into a great number of short ranges and groups of hills, the general