Secretion both DNA and proteins. It was discovered in "Agrobacterium tumefaciens", which uses this system to introduce the T-DNA portion of the Ti plasmid into the plant host, which in turn causes the affected area to develop into a crown gall (tumor). "Helicobacter pylori" uses a type IV secretion system to deliver CagA into gastric epithelial cells, which is associated with gastric carcinogenesis. "Bordetella pertussis", the causative agent of whooping cough, secretes the pertussis toxin partly through the type IV system. "Legionella pneumophila", the causing agent of legionellosis (Legionnaires' disease) utilizes a type IVB secretion system, known as the icm/dot (intracellular
Blount's disease Blount's disease Blount's disease is a growth disorder of the tibia (shin bone) that causes the lower leg to angle inward, resembling a bowleg. It is also known as "tibia vara". It is named after Walter Putnam Blount (1900–1992), an American pediatric orthopedic surgeon. It has also been known as Mau-Nilsonne Syndrome, after C. Mau and H. Nilsonne, who published early case reports of the condition. Bowing of one or both legs that may: Failure to treat Blount's disease may lead to progressive deformity.Blount's disease may come back after surgery, especially in younger children. Because of the bowing, a leg-length