Bordetella parapertussis evolved in a host population that had already developed immunity to "B. pertussis", where being able to evade "B. pertussis" immunity was an advantage. Two lineages of "B. parapertussis" have been described. The first infects humans and is responsible for a minority of cases of the disease pertussis (also known as whooping cough). The second, ovine, lineage causes chronic nonprogressive pneumonia in sheep. Both lineages are thought to have evolved from a "B. bronchiseptica"-like ancestor. This disease can be symptomatic or asymptomatic and may predispose hosts to secondary infection. Bordetella parapertussis Bordetella parapertussis is a small Gram-negative bacterium of the
Kyasanur Forest disease Kyasanur Forest disease Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to South Asia. The disease is caused by a virus belonging to the family "Flaviviridae", which also includes yellow fever and dengue fever. The disease was first reported from Kyasanur Forest of Karnataka in India in March 1957. The disease first manifested as an epizootic outbreak among monkeys killing several of them in the year 1957. Hence the disease is also locally known as monkey disease or monkey fever. The similarity with Russian spring-summer encephalitis was noted and the possibility of migratory birds carrying the disease