Bordetella parapertussis evolved in a host population that had already developed immunity to "B. pertussis", where being able to evade "B. pertussis" immunity was an advantage. Two lineages of "B. parapertussis" have been described. The first infects humans and is responsible for a minority of cases of the disease pertussis (also known as whooping cough). The second, ovine, lineage causes chronic nonprogressive pneumonia in sheep. Both lineages are thought to have evolved from a "B. bronchiseptica"-like ancestor. This disease can be symptomatic or asymptomatic and may predispose hosts to secondary infection. Bordetella parapertussis Bordetella parapertussis is a small Gram-negative bacterium of the
Rh disease Rh disease Rh disease (also known as rhesus isoimmunisation, Rh (D) disease, rhesus incompatibility, rhesus disease, RhD hemolytic disease of the newborn, rhesus D hemolytic disease of the newborn or RhD HDN) is a type of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The disease ranges from mild to severe, and typically occurs only in some second or subsequent pregnancies of Rh negative women where the fetus's father is Rh positive, leading to a Rh+ pregnancy. During birth, the mother may be exposed to the infant's blood, and this causes the development of antibodies, which may affect the health of subsequent