Ladybird of Szeged Ladybird of Szeged The Ladybird of Szeged or Ladybug of Szeged (Hungarian: "Szegedi Katicabogár" or just "Szegedi Katica") is an early robot which was developed in Hungary at the Cybernetics Laboratory of the University of Szeged (SZTE) between 1956 and 1957. The roughly hemispherical machine has a red shell with black dots, resembling a ladybird (or ladybug), hence its name. The Ladybird is one of the first Hungarian robots, and the first robotic animal ever constructed. It was designed and built by Dr. Dániel Muszka, with the main intention of emulating Pavlovian conditional reflexes in a machine. The original Ladybird
Third-country economic relationships with the European Union is considered part of the EU single market. Iceland has also signed the Schengen treaty. On 16 July 2009, Iceland applied to join the European Union. Liechtenstein joined the EEA in 1995 and participates in the EU single market. Switzerland referendum to join the EEA in 1992 failed, so Swiss products do not participate in the European single market. However the country recently negotiated two series of bilateral agreements with the Union. The first series, Bilateral Agreements I, consists of seven bilateral agreements and was signed in 1999 (entry into force in 2001), the main part being Free Movement of