Bordetella pertussis agar media. This explained the difficulties in reproducing results from different studies, as the preinoculating handling of the bacteria were not standardized among scientists. At least some primate species are highly sensitive to "B. pertussis", and develop a clinical whooping cough in high incidence when exposed to low inoculation doses. Whether the bacteria spread naturally in wild animal populations is not satisfactory confirmed by laboratory diagnosis, but whooping cough has been found among wild gorillas. Several zoos have learned to vaccinate their primates against whooping cough. A nasopharyngeal or an oropharynx swab is sent to the bacteriology laboratory for Gram
Alzheimer's disease biomarkers Alzheimer's disease biomarkers The Alzheimer's disease biomarkers are neurochemical indicators used to assess the risk or presence of the disease. The biomarkers can be used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a very early stage, but they also provide objective and reliable measures of disease progress. It is imperative to diagnose AD disease as soon as possible, because neuropathologic changes of AD precede the symptoms by years. It is well known that beta amyloid (Aβ) is a good indicator of AD disease, which has facilitated doctors to accurately pre-diagnose cases of AD disease. When Aβ peptide is released by proteolytic