Capetian dynasty has also been used as a surname for French royalty, particularly but not exclusively those of the House of Capet. One notable use was during the French Revolution, when the dethroned King Louis XVI (a member of the House of Bourbon and a direct male-line descendant of Hugh Capet) and Queen Marie Antoinette (a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine) were referred to as "Louis and Antoinette Capet" (the queen being addressed as "the Widow Capet" after the execution of her husband). The dynastic surname now used to describe Hugh Capet's family prior to his election as King of France
House of Capet Merovingians being the first, and the Carolingians being the second. The name Capet is derived from the nickname of Hugh, the first Capetian King, who was known as "Hugh Capet". The direct line of the House of Capet came to an end in 1328, when the three sons of Philip IV all failed to produce surviving male heirs to the French throne. With the death of Charles IV, the throne passed to the House of Valois, descended from a younger brother of Philip IV. It would later pass to another Capetian branch, the House of Bourbon, descended from Louis IX's