Great Expectations while Orlick remains a slave of his condition, solely responsible for Mrs Gargery's fate. Dickens also uses Pip's upper class counterpart, Bentley Drummle, "the double of a double", according to Trotter, in a similar way. Like Orlick, Drummle is powerful, swarthy, unintelligible, hot-blooded, and lounges and lurks, biding his time. Estella rejects Pip for this rude, uncouth but well-born man, and ends Pip's hope. Finally the lives of both Orlick and Drummle end violently. Although the novel is written in first person, the reader knows—as an essential prerequisite—that "Great Expectations" is not an autobiography but a novel, a work of
Richard Bentley (publisher) and 1840s, at which important writers and critics gathered. In October 1836, Bentley entered the periodical market. He founded "Bentley's Miscellany", which first appeared in January 1837, and selected Charles Dickens, known at the time for his "Pickwick Papers", as editor. Dickens also agreed to contribute a serialised novel to the periodical and to sell two novels to Bentley. The periodical was "an immediate success" – 11,000 copies were sold in 1837 – largely as a result of the serialisation of Dickens's "Oliver Twist", illustrated by George Cruikshank. Dickens became increasingly frustrated at the initial terms of his contract, which