Macaroni penguin been considered separate species, but the close similarities of their DNA sequences has led some, such as the Australian ornithologists Les Christidis and Walter Boles, to treat the royal as a subspecies of the macaroni. The two species are very similar in appearance; the royal penguin has a white face instead of the usually black face of the macaroni. Interbreeding with the Indo-Pacific subspecies of the southern rockhopper penguin ("E. chrysocome filholi") has been reported at Heard and Marion Islands, with three hybrids recorded there by a 1987–88 Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition. The macaroni penguin is a large, crested
Macaroni pie bread crumbs. Other ingredients may also be used. It can be prepared as a low-fat dish using reduced fat cheese and skim milk. Some versions, such as those in Scotland, are prepared using a pie crust, while others are not. It may be served sliced into wedges. In the Caribbean, macaroni pie is typically prepared without using a pie crust. In the Caribbean, it is sometimes consumed cold, which may be referred to as "Caribbean style". Macaroni pie is a popular dish in Barbados, where it is commonly consumed as a side dish along with fried fish. It is sometimes