Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union Lifelong Learning programme comprises separate sub-programmes for schools; universities and higher education; vocational education and training; adult education; teaching about the EU in universities; and a 'horizontal' programme for policy development. The schools exchange programme, named after the 15th century Czech teacher, scientist and educator John Amos Comenius, has helped over 2.5 million school students take part in joint projects across boundaries. The Erasmus programme (named after Desiderius Erasmus, the 16th century Dutch humanist and theologian), has been the icon of university exchange programmes since its launch in 1987. Some two million students have so far spent a fully accredited
EU Gateway Programme Gateway | Business Avenues focuses on five technological sectors: Environment & Water, Green Energy, Construction & Building, Healthcare & Medical, Information & Communication; and three other sectors: Contemporary European Design, Food & Beverage (processed organic only in Korea) and Services (China only). Since 1979, through business support programmes such as the Executive Training Programme and the EU Gateway Programme, the European Commission encouraged European enterprises' efforts to penetrate the Japanese market. In 1990 the pilot EU Gateway Programme was created pursuing the European and Japanese resolve for equitable access to their respective markets and removing obstacles whether structural or other,