Rudolphine Tables and instructive examples for computing planetary positions. For most stars these tables were accurate to within one arc minute, and included corrective factors for atmospheric refraction. The tables were sufficiently accurate to predict a transit of Mercury observed by Pierre Gassendi in 1631 and a transit of Venus observed by Jeremiah Horrox in 1639. Rudolphine Tables The Rudolphine Tables () consist of a star catalogue and planetary tables published by Johannes Kepler in 1627, using some observational data collected by Tycho Brahe (1546–1601). The tables are named as "Rudolphine" in memory of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. Star tables had
Planetary civilization modify the weather at will, harness the power of a hurricane, or have cities on the oceans. Although they roam the heavens in rockets, their energy output is still largely confined to a planet. On the Kardashev scale, the next status is Type II civilization, where a civilization consumes all the energy that their star emits, or about 10 watts. Michio Kaku in a book "Physics of the Future" suggests that humans may attain stellar civilization status in a few thousand years. Planetary civilization A planetary civilization or global civilization is a civilization of Type I on Kardashev scale, with