History of NATO Atlantic Treaty, which was signed by US President Harry S. Truman in Washington on 4 April 1949. It included the five Treaty of Brussels states plus the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. The first NATO Secretary General, Lord Ismay, stated in 1949 that the organization's goal was "to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down". Popular support for the Treaty was not unanimous, and some Icelanders participated in a pro-neutrality, anti-membership riot in March 1949. The creation of NATO can be seen as the primary institutional consequence of a school of thought
German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee boats, flammable paint, and two of her ten 2 cm anti-aircraft guns, which were installed on the tanker. On 11 September, while still transferring supplies from "Altmark", "Admiral Graf Spee"s Arado floatplane spotted the British heavy cruiser approaching the two German ships. Langsdorff ordered both vessels to depart at high speed, successfully evading the British cruiser. On 26 September, the ship finally received orders authorizing attacks on Allied merchant shipping. Four days later "Admiral Graf Spee"s Arado located Booth Steam Ship Co's cargo ship "Clement" off the coast of Brazil. The cargo ship transmitted an "RRR" signal ("I am under