Erasmus Programme replaced by the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 on 1 January 2007. The programme is named after the Dutch philosopher, theologian, Renaissance Humanist, monk, and devout Roman Catholic, Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists". Erasmus, along with his good friend Thomas More, became the center of European intellectual life during the Renaissance. Known for his satire, Erasmus urged internal reform of the Catholic Church. He encouraged a recovery of the Catholic Patristic tradition against contemporary abuses of the Sacraments and certain excessive devotional practices. He famously clashed with Protestant revolutionary Martin Luther on the subject
EU Gateway Programme Gateway | Business Avenues focuses on five technological sectors: Environment & Water, Green Energy, Construction & Building, Healthcare & Medical, Information & Communication; and three other sectors: Contemporary European Design, Food & Beverage (processed organic only in Korea) and Services (China only). Since 1979, through business support programmes such as the Executive Training Programme and the EU Gateway Programme, the European Commission encouraged European enterprises' efforts to penetrate the Japanese market. In 1990 the pilot EU Gateway Programme was created pursuing the European and Japanese resolve for equitable access to their respective markets and removing obstacles whether structural or other,