Muslim nationalism in South Asia three distinct supporters: According to official government statistics, Hindu-majority India has almost 14% Muslim population spread across all states with significant concentrations in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Telangana, Assam, West Bengal, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra and Jammu and Kashmir. It is the second-largest home to Muslims after Indonesia and the third-largest home to Shia Muslims. Since independence, there has been a great deal of conflict within the various Muslim communities as to how to best function within the complex political and cultural mosaic that defines Indian politics in India today. All in all, Muslim perseverance in sustaining their continued advancement along with
Muslim world Turkmenistan have over 97% literacy rates, whereas literacy rates are the lowest in Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa. In 2015, the International Islamic News Agency reported that nearly 37% of the population of the Muslim world is unable to read or write, basing that figure on reports from the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Several Muslim-majority countries like Turkey, Iran, Egypt, and Pakistan exhibit high rate of citable scientific publications. Throughout history, Muslim cultures have been diverse ethnically, linguistically and regionally. The term "Islamic art and architecture" denotes the works of