Macaroni penguin of the body, and head and neck hunched, and general hunching of head and neck when incubating or standing at the nest. The macaroni penguin's predators consist of birds and aquatic mammals. The leopard seal ("Hydrurga leptonyx"), Antarctic fur seal ("Arctocephalus gazella"), Subantarctic fur seal ("A. tropicalis"), and killer whale ("Orcinus orca") hunt adult macaroni penguins in the water. Macaroni colonies suffer comparatively low rates of predation if undisturbed; predators generally only take eggs and chicks that have been left unattended or abandoned. Skua species, the snowy sheathbill "(Chionis alba"), and kelp gull ("Larus dominicanus") prey on eggs, and skuas
Macaroni pie (and optionally onion) is added, thus creating a "lihamakaronilaatikko" (literally, meat-macaroni casserole). The casserole may be topped before baking with breadcrumbs and grated cheese and/or knobs of butter, to form a crunchy crust. "Makaronilaatikko" is typically served with tomato ketchup and pickles such as gherkins. Pastitsio is a type of macaroni pie in Greek cuisine prepared using elbow macaroni noodles and various additional ingredients. In Italian cuisine the macaroni pie () is a traditional dish in several cities, with a long tradition originating from the "pastizzi" prepared by the chefs active in the Italian courts of the Renaissance: the most