Macaroni penguin been considered separate species, but the close similarities of their DNA sequences has led some, such as the Australian ornithologists Les Christidis and Walter Boles, to treat the royal as a subspecies of the macaroni. The two species are very similar in appearance; the royal penguin has a white face instead of the usually black face of the macaroni. Interbreeding with the Indo-Pacific subspecies of the southern rockhopper penguin ("E. chrysocome filholi") has been reported at Heard and Marion Islands, with three hybrids recorded there by a 1987–88 Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition. The macaroni penguin is a large, crested
Macaroni pie Macaroni pie Macaroni pie is a casserole dish based on baked macaroni and cheese. Primary ingredients include elbow macaroni, cheese and milk. It is prepared in various regions of the world, and variations of the dish exist. For example, in Scotland, it is typically prepared using a Scotch pie crust, while in other areas no crust is used. Recipes from the 1800s in the United States include various meats, while contemporary versions may not include meats. Typical ingredients in macaroni pie include macaroni noodles, cheese, milk, butter, flour, salt, pepper and various spices. Additional ingredients sometimes used include onion and