Criticism of Hadith thus provides "certainty of knowledge" of what Muhammad said, in fact it is only the much rarer subset of sahih -- "mutawatir" hadith -- that provide certain knowledge. "Mutawatir" means the report "of a large number of narrators whose agreement upon a lie is inconceivable. This condition must be met in the entire chain from the origin of the report to the very end." However, according to Wael Hallaq, "the bulk of hadith with which the traditionists dealt, and on the basis of which the Jurists derived the law" were known as "ahad" — i.e. non-"mutawatir" hadith; Hadith without "textually
Criticism of Hadith male step-cousins) as guardian of a minor — (a hadith with no reference). These which are contradicted by "numerous hadiths/reports that women used to participate in mosques regularly and in large numbers"; in the second case by the transmitter (Abu Bakra, not to be confused with Rashidun Abu Bakr), being known for receiving punishment for false testimony; and in the third the hadith was quoted without any reference. Because hadith is "the basis for most" Islamic laws and codes "at the detailed level", which pertain "to people’s life, honour and property", and because many (especially revivalist and conservative Muslims) consider