Macaroni penguin 2009 study found that macaroni penguins from Kerguelen travelled over in the central Indian Ocean. With about 18 million individuals, the macaroni penguin is the most numerous penguin species. Widespread declines in populations have been recorded since the mid-1970s and their conservation status is classified as vulnerable. The macaroni penguin was described from the Falkland Islands in 1837 by German naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt. It is one of six or so species in the genus "Eudyptes", collectively known as crested penguins. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words "eu" "good", and "dyptes" "diver". The specific epithet
Macaroni and cheese has remained popular in the United States. A recipe called "macaroni and cheese" appeared in the 1824 cookbook "The Virginia Housewife" written by Mary Randolph. Randolph's recipe had three ingredients: macaroni, cheese, and butter, layered together and baked in a hot oven. The cookbook was the most influential cookbook of the 19th century, according to culinary historian Karen Hess. Similar recipes for macaroni and cheese occur in the 1852 "Hand-book of Useful Arts", and the 1861 "Godey's Lady's Book". By the mid-1880s, cookbooks as far west as Kansas and Festus, Missouri, included recipes for macaroni and cheese casseroles. Factory production