Macaroni penguin Long-term monitoring programs are underway at a number of breeding colonies, and many of the islands that support breeding populations of this penguin are protected reserves. The Heard Islands and McDonald Islands are World Heritage Sites for the macaroni penguin. The macaroni penguin may be being impacted by commercial fishing and marine pollution. A 2008 study suggests the abilities of female penguins to reproduce may be negatively affected by climate- and fishing-induced reductions in krill density. Like most other penguin species, the macaroni penguin is a social animal in its nesting and its foraging behaviour; its breeding colonies are among
Macaroni pie (and optionally onion) is added, thus creating a "lihamakaronilaatikko" (literally, meat-macaroni casserole). The casserole may be topped before baking with breadcrumbs and grated cheese and/or knobs of butter, to form a crunchy crust. "Makaronilaatikko" is typically served with tomato ketchup and pickles such as gherkins. Pastitsio is a type of macaroni pie in Greek cuisine prepared using elbow macaroni noodles and various additional ingredients. In Italian cuisine the macaroni pie () is a traditional dish in several cities, with a long tradition originating from the "pastizzi" prepared by the chefs active in the Italian courts of the Renaissance: the most