Alley may be paved, or unpaved, and a blind alley is a cul-de-sac. Modern urban developments may also provide a service road to allow for waste collection, or rear access for fire engines and parking. Because of geography, steps (stairs) are the predominant form of alley in hilly cities and towns. This includes Quebec City in Canada and in the United States Pittsburgh (see Steps of Pittsburgh), Cincinnati (see Steps of Cincinnati), Minneapolis, Seattle, and San Francisco as well as Hong Kong, Genoa and Rome. Some alleys are roofed because they are within buildings, such as the traboules of Lyon, or
Article 49 of the French Constitution ministers cannot be nominated until after the president of the cabinet has been invested with the confidence of the assembly" (article 45), and the practice of the Third Republic was identical. It is usual in French law for the simple present indicative to connote a requirement and not a simple option: "engage" means "must commit" and not "may commit". The word "éventuellement" ("possibly") in the declaration of general policy and the phrase "peut engager" ("may commit") in section 3 reinforce the obligatory nature of the commitment to a program, which lacks this phrasing. Nevertheless, the government exists by the order