Plunge pool Plunge pool A plunge pool (or plunge basin or waterfall lake) is a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall or shut-in. It is created by the erosional forces of cascading water on the rocks at formation's base where the water impacts. The term may refer to the water occupying the depression, or the depression itself. Plunge pools are formed by the natural force of falling water, such as at a waterfall or cascade; they also result from man-made structures such as some spillway designs. Plunge pools are often very deep, generally related to the
Marsh funnel above, the shear rate in the Marsh funnel is about 2000 . The term Marsh cone is also used in the concrete and oil industries. European standard EN445 and American standard C939 for measuring the flow properties of cement grout mixtures specify a funnel similar to the Marsh cone. Some manufacturers supply devices which they call Marsh cones, with removable tubes with size ranges from 5 to 15 mm. These can be used for quality control by selecting a tube which gives a convenient time, say 30 to 60 seconds. Marsh funnel The Marsh funnel is a simple device for