Erasmus Programme replaced by the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 on 1 January 2007. The programme is named after the Dutch philosopher, theologian, Renaissance Humanist, monk, and devout Roman Catholic, Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists". Erasmus, along with his good friend Thomas More, became the center of European intellectual life during the Renaissance. Known for his satire, Erasmus urged internal reform of the Catholic Church. He encouraged a recovery of the Catholic Patristic tradition against contemporary abuses of the Sacraments and certain excessive devotional practices. He famously clashed with Protestant revolutionary Martin Luther on the subject
Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development their preparations for joining the European Union. The programme which comes under the remit of the EU Commission's Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development is part of the Agenda 2000 programme for increased pre-accession assistance in the period 2000 - 2006. Until the fifth enlargement of the EU in 2004 its overall budget was 560 million euros (2003). Currently SAPARD funding is available only to Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia. After Bulgaria and Romania's entry into the EU, Croatia will benefit from a specially designed Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) which will build on the programme support from Phare, ISPA and