Criticism of Hadith hadith criticism that has been implemented by the "muhaddithin" [orthodox ahadith evaluators] for the past thousand years, ... is far more scientific and exact than modern orientalist approaches." Traditional Islamic scholars who have endevored to refute the Western criticism of hadith include Mustafa al-Siba'i and Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami. Some Western academics have also been critical of this "revisionist" approach as a whole, for instance Harald Motzki, (who according to Jonathan Brown demonstrates "convincingly" that studies of early hadith and law by Joseph Schacht and the late G. H. A. Juynboll "used only a small and selective body of sources", "based
Hadith terminology "musnad" ( meaning "supported") "hadith" as: A "musnad hadith" should not be confused with the type of "hadith" collection similarly termed "musannaf", which is arranged according to the name of the companion narrating each "hadith". For example, a "musnad" might begin by listing a number of the "hadith", complete with their respective "sanads", of Abu Bakr, and then listing a number of "hadith" from Umar, and then Uthman ibn Affan and so on. Individual compilers of this type of collection may vary in their method of arranging those Companions whose "hadith" they were collecting. An example of this type of