Macaroni penguin been considered separate species, but the close similarities of their DNA sequences has led some, such as the Australian ornithologists Les Christidis and Walter Boles, to treat the royal as a subspecies of the macaroni. The two species are very similar in appearance; the royal penguin has a white face instead of the usually black face of the macaroni. Interbreeding with the Indo-Pacific subspecies of the southern rockhopper penguin ("E. chrysocome filholi") has been reported at Heard and Marion Islands, with three hybrids recorded there by a 1987–88 Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition. The macaroni penguin is a large, crested
Macaroni pie States, macaroni pie has been and continues to sometimes be referred to as "baked macaroni and cheese". It is a part of the cuisine of the Southern United States. In the United States during the mid 1900s, the word "spaghetti" was typically used to refer to macaroni, and spaghetti noodles were used to prepare macaroni pie during this time period. An American recipe from 1870 includes grated ham as an ingredient in the dish, and also calls for the meat from squirrels, birds or wild ducks. An American recipe from 1892 includes pork and ham in the dish's preparation. Macaroni