Spire spires were an astounding architectural innovation, beginning with the early fourteenth-century spire at Freiburg Minster, in which the pierced stonework was held together by iron cramps. The openwork spire, according to Robert Bork, represents a "radical but logical extension of the Gothic tendency towards skeletal structure." The organic skeleton of Antoni Gaudi's phenomenal spires at the Sagrada Família in Barcelona represent an outgrowth of this Gothic tendency. Designed and begun by Gaudi in 1884, they were not completed until the 20th century. In England, "spire" immediately brings to mind Salisbury Cathedral. Its 403-foot (123-m) spire, built between 1320 and 1380,
Punctuation Spire of the Campus Center, near its eastern entrance off of University Boulevard. "Punctuation Spire" represents the English language and its importance throughout the development of civilization. The work is one in a series of four monumental works including Alphabet Spire, Countdown, and Wish. Alphabet Spire VI is located in Westfarms Mall, Farmington, Connecticut. The work, composed of the letters A to Z, was the first created in the series, and is 32 feet tall. It was installed in the mall at its grand opening in October 1974. Countdown, located in Short Hills Mall, Short Hills, New Jersey, is made up