Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market has instead emphasised concern about the effectiveness of Article 11's impact on the readership of online publication and of Article 13's obligations on service providers that will "benefit big players". Individuals who have publicly opposed the law include comedian Stephen Fry; author Neil Gaiman; Tim Berners-Lee, creator of the World Wide Web; Vint Cerf, co-inventor of the Internet protocol suite; and Jimmy Wales, co-founder of Wikipedia, who raise concerns regarding the costs and effectiveness of upload filters and the negative effects on free speech online. Human Rights Watch and Reporters Without Borders were among signatories of an open letter opposing
Web Summit first five years the event was held in Dublin, Ireland. In September 2015 Paddy Cosgrave, Web Summit co-founder, announced that Web Summit would be held in Lisbon starting in 2016. In October 2018, the Portuguese government announced a ten-year contract extension with the Web Summit. According to Forbes, the Web Summit is the best technology conference on the planet. Web Summit 2017 took place in the Altice Arena in Lisbon from November 6 - 9. The event promised to bring 60,000 attendees from over 160 countries together. 1,000 speakers were initially confirmed for the conference and, finally, over 1200 spoke.