History of NATO Atlantic Treaty, which was signed by US President Harry S. Truman in Washington on 4 April 1949. It included the five Treaty of Brussels states plus the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. The first NATO Secretary General, Lord Ismay, stated in 1949 that the organization's goal was "to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down". Popular support for the Treaty was not unanimous, and some Icelanders participated in a pro-neutrality, anti-membership riot in March 1949. The creation of NATO can be seen as the primary institutional consequence of a school of thought
James S. Harlan clerk to Chief Justice Fuller. In 1901, President Theodore Roosevelt nominated Harlan as Attorney General of Puerto Rico and he served until 1903. He became a member in 1906, and chairman in 1914, of the United States Interstate Commerce Commission. In 1897, he married Mary Maud Noble in Washington, D.C. James S. Harlan James S. Harlan (November 24, 1861 – September 20, 1927) was an American lawyer and commerce specialist, son of U.S. Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan and uncle of Justice John Marshall Harlan II. Harlan was born at Evansville, Indiana, graduated from Princeton University in 1883, and