History of the Jews in Switzerland in the city — more than in any other city in the world. Whereas the communities of Basel and Zürich are traditionally shaped by large Ashkenazi communities, Geneva also hosts an important Sephardic community. Its main synagogue, the Synagogue Hekhal Haness, is considered to be the most important Sephardic synagogue in the whole of Europe. A ring with a Menorah depiction found in Augusta Raurica (Kaiseraugst, Switzerland) in 2001 attests to Hebrew presence in Germania Superior. The Encyclopaedia Judaica mentioned a first documentation in 1214. In the Middle Ages, as in many places in Europe, they frequently suffered persecution, for
Encyclopaedia of Islam of Muslim peoples. The first edition ("EI1") was modeled on the Pauly-Wissowa "Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World". "EI1" was created under the aegis of the International Union of Academies, and coordinated by Leiden University. It was published by Brill in four volumes plus supplement from 1913 to 1938 in English, German, and French editions. An abridged version was published in 1953 as the "Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam" ("SEI"), covering mainly law and religion. Excerpts of the "SEI" have been translated and published in Turkish, Arabic, and Urdu. The second edition of "Encyclopaedia of Islam" ("EI2") was begun in 1954 and