Occupation of the Ruhr important harbour in Duisburg-Ruhrort, ending French occupation of the Ruhr region on 25 August 1925. According to Sally Marks, the occupation of the Ruhr "was profitable and caused neither the German hyperinflation, which began in 1922 and ballooned because of German responses to the Ruhr occupation, nor the franc's 1924 collapse, which arose from French financial practices and the evaporation of reparations". Marks suggests the profits, after Ruhr-Rhineland occupation costs, were nearly 900 million gold marks. Despite his disagreements with Britain, Poincaré desired to preserve the Anglo-French entente and thus moderated his aims to a degree. His major goal was
S13 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn) to Troisdorf by the Rhenish Railway in 1870, with an extension to Cologne opened in 1874) and the Cologne Airport loop (opened in 2004) The western section of the S 13 service from Düren to Köln Messe/Deutz was opened on 15 December 2002. It was extended to Troisdorf on 13 June 2004. It is proposed to extend the line to Bonn-Oberkassel. S13 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn) Line S 13 is a S-Bahn line of the Rhine-Ruhr network. It is operated by DB Regio with class 423 electric multiple units. At peak times, the S13 services begin or end at Düren and run