Medieval technology that its potential was fully achieved. Artesian well (1126) A thin rod with a hard iron cutting edge is placed in the bore hole and repeatedly struck with a hammer, underground water pressure forces the water up the hole without pumping. Artesian wells are named after the town of Artois in France, where the first one was drilled by Carthusian monks in 1126. Central heating through underfloor channels (9th century) In the early medieval Alpine upland, a simpler central heating system where heat travelled through underfloor channels from the furnace room replaced the Roman hypocaust at some places. In Reichenau
History of the French in Holyoke of decline, by 1936 the club building was relinquished to a local bank, and by the 1970s the former clubhouse was home to a quoits club before being demolished in the 1980s. While living in Holyoke, many residents remained abreast with current events in Canada and Quebec specifically; indeed the city's French newspapers would dedicate regular columns to the affairs of the province. and on at least three occasions residents would send formal petitions to the National Assembly of Quebec and the Canadian parliament. The first was a petition to the Quebec Assembly concerning several residents who wished to return