Great Bustard Memorandum of Understanding for governments, scientists, conservation bodies and others to monitor and coordinate conservation efforts. These efforts need to focus on active habitat management and on maintaining large areas of non-intensive farming systems. The MoU only covers the middle-European populations of the great bustard ("Otis tarda"). Several remnant great bustard populations that can be found in, inter alia, Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, China and Mongolia are not included. All signatories shall endeavour to work closely together and with appropriate international organizations to improve the conservation status of the great bustard throughout its breeding, migratory and wintering range. Therefore, they shall:
Ascochyta tarda will decrease in future decades because of climate change (Bucker Moraes W., Cintra de Jesus, W.J, de Azevedo Peixoto, L., Bucker Moraes, W., Morra Coser, S., Cecílio, R.A, 2012). This will also be an issue in Ethiopia where coffee farming is the source of income for approximately 15 million farmers in Ethiopia and as much as 60% of the current growing area can become affected (Moat, J., Williams, J., Baena, S., Wilkinson, T., Gole, T.W., Challa, Z.K., Demissew, S., David, A.P., 2017) Ascochyta tarda Ascochyta tarda or Phoma tarda is a fungal plant pathogen that causes dieback and leafspot on