White-tailed eagle at . However, this is dwarfed by the largest avian prey credited to a white-tailed eagle, an adult male great bustard ("Otis tarda"), which weighed an estimated (which, much like exceptionally large fish taken, must have been consumed in the killing spot or subsequently dismantled as too large to fly with). Among the land birds taken, more than 20 passerines are included in the prey spectrum but most are obviously too small and swift to be anything but incidental prey. The smallest avian prey known for white-tailed eagles was a great tit ("Parus major"), a species which weighs on average.
Edwardsiella tarda along with maintaining suitable sanitation of water. Other stress factors include drastic changes in temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen levels in the water. In order to manage properly for edwardsiellosis water must be checked constantly in order to keep fish stocks completely free of pathogens. Some of the most recent research done on "Edwardsiella tarda" was performed by Griffin et al. (2013) to assess what the literature refers to as "the intra-specific variability of "E. tarda" isolates from 4 different fish species in the eastern United States." These intra-specific variations that they were looking for occur in other parts of