Fish scale the surface, interacting only with the riblet tips, not causing any high-veloctiy flow in the valleys. Since this high velocity flow now only interacts with the riblet-tip, which is a very small surface area, the momentum transfer which causes drag is now much lower than before, thereby effectively reducing drag. Also, this reduces the cross-stream velocity fluctuations, which aids in momentum transfer too. The rough, sandpaper-like texture of shark and ray skin, coupled with its toughness, has led it to be valued as a source of rawhide leather, called shagreen. One of the many historical applications of shark shagreen was
Lampshades made from human skin morality and the twisted inhumanity of his orders. In 1995, August Kreis III was ejected from the set of "The Jerry Springer Show" after telling the host "Your relatives – weren't they all turned into soap or lampshades?... I've got your mom in the trunk of my car". The song "Skinned" from the 1995 Blind Melon album "Soup" is about Ed Gein and contains the lyrics "I'll make a lampshade of durable skin." A human lampshade appears in Ken Russell's 2007 short satire "A Kitten for Hitler". In the film, Lenny, an American Jewish boy, who has a swastika-shaped birthmark,