Wine vessels kept them fresh and free from a vinegar smell. In medieval Europe, the Roman Catholic Church supported wine because the clergy required it for the Mass. Monks in France made wine for years, aging it in caves. An old English recipe that survived in various forms until the 19th century calls for refining white wine from bastard—bad or tainted "bastardo" wine. The English word "wine" comes from the Proto-Germanic "*winam", an early borrowing from the Latin "vinum", "wine" or "(grape) vine", itself derived from the Proto-Indo-European stem *"win-o-" (cf. , "gini"; Ancient Greek: "oinos"; Aeolic Greek: "woinos"; Hittite: "wiyana";
Pinard (wine) Pinard (wine) Pinard is a French term for wine (particularly red wine), popularized as the label for the ration of wine issued to French troops during the First World War. The term became wrapped up in the public conception of the "poilu" ("hairy one", the typical French foot soldier) and his loved "pinard", joined in a "cult of wine". Although the definite answer is unclear, a contemporary work defined the term's origin thus: Thus, for instance, "pinard", wine, was all but unknown in Paris before the war, yet it is now perhaps the most famous word in the whole soldier