Elbow taken as six handbreadths; three to the elbow and three from the elbow to the shoulder. Another measure was the "cubit" (from "cubital"). This was taken to be the length of a man's arm from the elbow to the end of the middle finger. Though the elbow is similarly adapted for stability through a wide range of pronation-supination and flexion-extension in all apes, there are some minor differences. In arboreal apes such as orangutans, the large forearm muscles originating on the epicondyles of the humerus generate significant transverse forces on the elbow joint. The structure to resist these forces is
Yup'ik clothing which can be transformed into geometrically pleasing patterns that adorn squirrel parkas or become the basis of circles used for ceremonial headdresses. This knuckle is the middle [intermediate] phalanges of index finger and the “knuckle length” measure (not fingerbreadth) is a common unit in the Yup’ik measurement system. Yup'ik non-standard measurement units of length: "aaggarner" (in Cup'ig) measurement, the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger with fingers spread out; "angvaneq" (in Yup'ik) measurement, the distance from the center of the chest (or the armpit ?) to the end of the fingertips of