Apothecaries' system between actual and nominal weight. In the 19th century, most European countries or cities still had at least a "commercial" or "civil" system (such as the English avoirdupois system) for general trading, and a second system (such as the troy system) for precious metals such as gold and silver. The system for precious metals was usually divided in a different way from the commercial system, often using special units such as the carat. More significantly, it was often based on different weight standards. The apothecaries' system often used the same ounces as the precious metals system, although even then the
Nippon Screw Weight System Nippon Screw Weight System In the year of 2012 the announced an in-situ ground survey machine, the Nippon Screw Weight System (NSWS), designed to overcome problems with the standard penetration test; The NSWS was developed with the specific aim to encounter the recent weather abnormalities and natural hazard, saving human lives. The creator of NSWS, Kozo Okita, was the member of 311 earthquake disaster committee It is compact, weighs 120 kg, and highly-mobile because the wheels are attached, suited to measure the ground in the crowded residential areas. It costs about only half of what used to cost with the