Avogadro constant of molecules in one gram-molecule of oxygen (exactly of oxygen, according to the definitions of the period), and this term is still widely used, especially in introductory works. The change in name to "Avogadro constant" ("N") came with the introduction of the mole as a base unit in the International System of Units (SI) in 1971, which regarded amount of substance as an independent dimension of measurement. With this recognition, the Avogadro constant was no longer a pure number, but had a unit of measurement, the reciprocal mole (mol). While it is rare to use units of amount of substance
Substance theory is Descartes' substance dualism. Baruch Spinoza denied Descartes' "real distinction" between mind and matter. Substance, according to Spinoza, is one and indivisible, but has multiple "attributes". He regards an attribute, though, as "what we conceive as constituting the [single] essence of substance". The single essence of one substance can be conceived of as material and also, consistently, as mental. What is ordinarily called the natural world, together with all the individuals in it, is immanent in God: hence his famous phrase "deus sive natura" ("God or Nature"). John Locke views substance through a corpuscularian lens where it exhibits two types