Artesian aquifer its recharge zone is at a higher elevation than the head of the well. Artesian wells were named after the former province of Artois in France, where many artesian wells were drilled by Carthusian monks from 1126. Artesian aquifer An aquifer is a geologic layer of porous and permeable material such as sand and gravel, limestone, or sandstone, through which water flows and is stored. An artesian aquifer is a confined aquifer containing groundwater under positive pressure. An artesian aquifer is trapped water, surrounded by layers of impermeable rocks or clay, which applies positive pressure to the water contained within
Book of the First Monks habit signified. Exemplars of the contemplative and mystical spirituality described in the book include the Discalced Carmelite Sts. Teresa of Avila, John of the Cross, Thérèse of Lisieux, and Teresia Benedicta a Cruce, and also the Polish Catholic layman Jan Tyranowski who guided Pope John Paul II in his young adulthood. Book of the First Monks The Book of the First Monks () is a medieval Catholic book in the contemplative and eremetic tradition of the Carmelite Order, thought to reflect the spirituality of the Prophet Elijah, honored as the Father of the Order. The book is one of the