Obsolete Russian units of measurement Peter the Great replace it with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. The basic unit is the Russian cubit, called the "arshin", which has been in use since the 16th century. It was standardized by Peter the Great in the 18th century to measure exactly twenty-eight English inches (). Thus, 80 vershoks = 20 piads = 5 arshins = 140 English inches (). A "piad" (, “palm”, “five”) or "chetvert" (, “quarter”) is a hand span, the distance between ends of the spread thumb and index finger. Alternative units: As in many ancient systems of measurement the Russian distinguishes between dry and
Tip of the tongue or daily life. This disorder is called anomic aphasia when acquired by brain damage, usually from a head injury, stroke, or dementia. The tip of the tongue phenomenon has implications for research in psycholinguistics, memory, and metacognition. The term "tip of the tongue" is borrowed from colloquial usage, and possibly a calque from the French phrase "avoir le mot sur le bout de la langue" ("having the word on the tip of the tongue"). The tip of the tongue phenomenon was first described as a psychological phenomenon in the text "The Principles of Psychology" by William James (1890), although he