Mole (unit) and growth chamber lighting for plants is sometimes expressed in micromoles per square meter per second, where 1 mol photons = photons. In 2011, the 24th meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) agreed to a plan for a possible revision of the SI base unit definitions at an undetermined date. The 26th meeting of the CGPM, in a formal vote on 16 November 2018, approved the proposed redefinition of SI base units mole, kilogram, ampere and kelvin. One mole of a substance will have exactly specified "elementary entities" of that substance. The definition of the mole
Bubble (physics) during intravenous fluid administration, or during surgery. Bubble (physics) A bubble is a globule of one substance in another, usually gas in a liquid. Due to the Marangoni effect, bubbles may remain intact when they reach the surface of the immersive substance. Bubbles are seen in many places in everyday life, for example: Bubbles form, and coalesce, into globular shapes, because those shapes are at a lower energy state. For the physics and chemistry behind it, see nucleation. Bubbles are visible because they have a different refractive index (RI) than the surrounding substance. For example, the RI of air is