Animal Production Science Animal Production Science Animal Production Science is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal for agriculture and animal science and published by CSIRO Publishing. Research articles in the journal focus on improving livestock and food production, and on the social and economic issues that influence primary producers. It is predominantly concerned with domesticated animals (beef cattle, dairy cows, sheep, pigs, goats and poultry); however, contributions on horses and wild animals are also published where relevant. It was established in 1961 as "Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry". In 1985, this was shortened to "Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture". The current
Wild animal suffering having greater levels of cortisol and elevated stress responses relative to domestic animals. Additionally, unlike domestic animals, animals in the wild do not have some of their needs provided for them by human caretakers. Welfare economist Yew-Kwang Ng has written that evolutionary dynamics can lead to animal welfare which is worse than necessary for a given population equilibrium. In the essay 'On Nature', utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill wrote about suffering in nature and the normativity of struggling against it: In sober truth, nearly all the things which men are hanged or imprisoned for doing to one another, are nature's