Occupation of the Ruhr important harbour in Duisburg-Ruhrort, ending French occupation of the Ruhr region on 25 August 1925. According to Sally Marks, the occupation of the Ruhr "was profitable and caused neither the German hyperinflation, which began in 1922 and ballooned because of German responses to the Ruhr occupation, nor the franc's 1924 collapse, which arose from French financial practices and the evaporation of reparations". Marks suggests the profits, after Ruhr-Rhineland occupation costs, were nearly 900 million gold marks. Despite his disagreements with Britain, Poincaré desired to preserve the Anglo-French entente and thus moderated his aims to a degree. His major goal was
Ruhr Question prerequisite for the security of Europe and the world." An important consideration was that France and neighboring Western European countries had their economies supplied with coal and steel from the Ruhr and Saar regions for the purpose of postwar reconstruction. In the steel sector specifically, France intended, with the Monnet Plan to expand French steel production and impose a restriction on the capacity of German steel production. The Monnet Plan was considered a compromise from France to the other Allies, as France would have preferred to separate the industrial area from the Rhine and Ruhr region altogether. The Soviet Union,