Calamine the zinc-impregnated gauze wrap used to treat ulcers of the leg in Unna boots. In a 1992 press release, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced that no proof had been submitted showing calamine to be safe for use or effective in treating bug bites, stings, and rashes from poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. In a September 2, 2008 document, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommended applying topical over-the-counter skin protectants, such as calamine, to relieve the itch caused by poisonous plants such as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. Calamine Calamine, also known as calamine
Pitinga mine By 1990 the mine directly employed 2,000 people, and indirectly perhaps as many as 40,000. Trees were cleared, the river diverted and dams and ponds built before the alluvium deposits were processed. Bucketwheel excavator dredges extracted material rich in cassiterite, which was pumped through pipes to floating processing plants that separated the tin ore. The cassiterite is concentrated on site, then shipped to Mamoré Mineração e Metalurgia in the southern state of São Paulo for casting. Columbite ore is also mined, concentrated and processed on site for use in production of FeNbTa metallic alloy. Up to 1990 a total of