Mole (unit) measure the amount of substance (although in practice it is usual). There are many physical relationships between amount of substance and other physical quantities, the most notable one being the ideal gas law (where the relationship was first demonstrated in 1857). The term "mole" was first used in a textbook describing these colligative properties. Chemical engineers use the unit extensively, and decimal multiples may be more suitable for industrial use. For convenience in avoiding conversions in the imperial (or American customary units), some engineers adopted the "pound-mole" (notation "lb-mol" or "lbmol"), which is defined as the number of entities in
Stoic physics Stoic physics Stoic physics is the natural philosophy adopted by the Stoic philosophers of ancient Greece and Rome used to explain the natural processes at work in the universe. To the Stoics, the universe is a single pantheistic God, but one which is also a material substance. The primitive substance of the universe is a divine essence ("pneuma") which is the basis of everything which exists. This "pneuma", which is the active part or reason ("logos") of God, provides form and motion to matter, and is the origin of the elements, life, and human rationality. From their physics, the Stoics