Yellow fever other feverish illnesses such as malaria. Other viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as Ebola virus, Lassa virus, Marburg virus, and Junin virus, must be excluded as the cause. Personal prevention of yellow fever includes vaccination and avoidance of mosquito bites in areas where yellow fever is endemic. Institutional measures for prevention of yellow fever include vaccination programmes and measures of controlling mosquitoes. Programmes for distribution of mosquito nets for use in homes are providing reductions in cases of both malaria and yellow fever. Use of EPA-registered insect repellent is recommended when outdoors. Exposure for even a short time is enough for
Puumala virus infected through inhalation of dust from vole droppings. It has been theorized that Puumala virus, unlike other members of the genus Hantavirus, may also have lethal effects on its rodent host. In August 2014 was announced the death of an Israeli researcher studying the behavior of the bank vole in Finland. She had been affected by the Puumala virus which caused a complete breakdown of her immune system. Puumala virus was discovered and named in 1980 by researchers in Finland. Puumala virus Puumala virus (PUUV) is a species of orthohantavirus. Humans infected with the virus may develop a haemorrhagic fever