Elburz Range forest steppe and Caspian snowcock ("Tetraogallus caspius"). Eagles here are the lesser spotted eagle ("Aquila pomarina") and the golden eagle ("Aquila chrysaetos"). The ecoregion is also a breeding area for the little bustard ("Tetrax tetrax") and black woodpecker ("Dryocopus martius"). Logging and agriculture have reduced the range of the forests in this ecoregion, dams have disrupted river flows, and overgrazing has degraded habitat. Protected areas with Elburz Range forest steppe in Iran include Golestan National Park and the Ghorkhod Protected Area, both in Golestan Province and totalling . Elburz Range forest steppe The Elburz Range forest steppe ecoregion is an arid, mountainous
Ascochyta tarda Ascochyta tarda Ascochyta tarda or Phoma tarda is a fungal plant pathogen that causes dieback and leafspot on coffee and was first observed in Ethiopia in 1954 (Stewart, 1957). It poses a potentially serious threat to coffee crops, but climate change may reduce the prevalence of environmental conditions favorable to its spread. Die-back is a condition in which a tree or shrub begins to die from the tip of its leaves or roots backwards, owing to disease or an unfavorable environment). Necrosis of both flowers and rosettes is also observed with this pathogen and this can significantly reduce crop yield.