James Vincent Murphy James Vincent Murphy James Vincent Murphy (7 July 1880 – 5 July 1946) was an Irish translator, writer, and journalist, who published one of the first complete English translations of "Mein Kampf" in 1939. James Murphy attended St. Patrick's College. He was ordained a priest at St. Patrick's College Chapel in 1905. He left clerical service. Before the Second World War he lived for some time in Italy and Germany. James Vincent Murphy has been accused of translating the German word "Hakenkreuz" (Hooked Cross) which Nazis called their symbol, as "Swastika", a Hindu religious symbol signifying prosperity and wellness. However,
Austria – the Nazis' first victim and supporters of the unification with Germany. In 1933 the head of conservatives Engelbert Dollfuss dissolved parliament, drove social democrats out of power-holding structures, banned communists and Nazis and installed a one-party authoritarian rule of a right-wing trend. In February 1934 the conflict developed into a civil war that resulted in the defeat of the left-wing forces. In July National Socialist sympathisers rebelled, killed Dollfuss, but failed to seize power. During March 11–13, 1938 the Austrian state fell under the pressure of Nazi Germany and Austrian National Socialists. The absolute majority of Austrians sincerely greeted the annexation to Germany. Only