Obsolete Russian units of measurement Peter the Great replace it with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. The basic unit is the Russian cubit, called the "arshin", which has been in use since the 16th century. It was standardized by Peter the Great in the 18th century to measure exactly twenty-eight English inches (). Thus, 80 vershoks = 20 piads = 5 arshins = 140 English inches (). A "piad" (, “palm”, “five”) or "chetvert" (, “quarter”) is a hand span, the distance between ends of the spread thumb and index finger. Alternative units: As in many ancient systems of measurement the Russian distinguishes between dry and
Yup'ik clothing of toes to end of heel; foot (in length); "malruneq" (in Yup'ik) measurement of the width at their ends of the index finger and the middle finger held next to each other; "naparneq" (in Yup'ik) measurement from tip of extended thumb to opposite side fist; "patneq" (in Yup'ik) measurement, the width of the four fingers (thumb excluded) of one's hand; "pingayuneq" (in Yup'ik) measurement of the width at their ends of the index finger, the middle finger, and the ring finger held next to each other; "pupsuneq" (in Yup'ik) measurement from the thumb (outer edge of nail) to the second