Medieval technology that its potential was fully achieved. Artesian well (1126) A thin rod with a hard iron cutting edge is placed in the bore hole and repeatedly struck with a hammer, underground water pressure forces the water up the hole without pumping. Artesian wells are named after the town of Artois in France, where the first one was drilled by Carthusian monks in 1126. Central heating through underfloor channels (9th century) In the early medieval Alpine upland, a simpler central heating system where heat travelled through underfloor channels from the furnace room replaced the Roman hypocaust at some places. In Reichenau
A Certain Ratio <nowiki>*</nowiki>Cassette-only tracks <nowiki>**</nowiki>CD-only tracks A Certain Ratio A Certain Ratio are an English post-punk band formed in 1977 in Flixton, Greater Manchester. They became known for their punk-funk/industrial/dance-oriented sound, which drew heavily on disco, funk, and dub elements. After over seven years on Factory Records, they spent two years signed to A&M Records before returning to independent labels in the early 1990s. After being on hiatus since the late 1990s, they returned to sporadic live performances in the early 2000s and released a new album in 2008. The band was formed by singer Simon Topping and guitar/electronics player Peter Terrell,