Medieval technology that its potential was fully achieved. Artesian well (1126) A thin rod with a hard iron cutting edge is placed in the bore hole and repeatedly struck with a hammer, underground water pressure forces the water up the hole without pumping. Artesian wells are named after the town of Artois in France, where the first one was drilled by Carthusian monks in 1126. Central heating through underfloor channels (9th century) In the early medieval Alpine upland, a simpler central heating system where heat travelled through underfloor channels from the furnace room replaced the Roman hypocaust at some places. In Reichenau
The Ciphers of the Monks the four digits. The number can then be determined by visual inspection. The numeral system was invented in the 1300s by French Cistercian monks. It was later replaced by the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. In any case, this numeral system later inspired several shorthands and secret ciphers. In Britain, the first person to use this cipher was John of Basingstoke. The book has generally received positive reviews. The Ciphers of the Monks The Ciphers of the Monks: a Forgotten Number-notation of the Middle Ages is a book by David A. King. The book describes in detail a numeral system that was