Władysław I the Elbow-high of Kujawy, however, as he had two older half-brothers from Casimir’s second marriage to Constance of Wrocław: Leszek II the Black ("Leszek Czarny") and Ziemomysł. He was named after his uncle, his mother's brother Władysław, Duke of Opole. Already in contemporary sources he was nicknamed ""Łokietek"", a diminutive of the word "łokieć". It translates as "elbow" or "ell" – a medieval unit of measure similar to a cubit, as in "elbow-high". The origin of this nickname, as resulting from Władysław’s short stature, was explained only in the 15th century by historian Jan Dlugosz. In 1267, when Władysław the Elbow-high was
The finger eye. In Greek the gesture was known as the "katapygon" ("κατάπυγον", from "kata" – κατά, "downwards" and "pugē" – πυγή, "rump, buttocks"). In ancient Greek comedy, the finger was a gesture of insult toward another person, with the term "katapugon" also referring to "a male who submits to anal penetration" or "katapygaina" to a female. In Aristophanes's comedy "The Clouds" (423 BC), when the character Socrates is quizzing his student on poetic meters, Strepsiades declares that he knows quite well what a dactyl is, and gives the finger. The gesture is a visual pun on the two meanings of the