Wine vessels kept them fresh and free from a vinegar smell. In medieval Europe, the Roman Catholic Church supported wine because the clergy required it for the Mass. Monks in France made wine for years, aging it in caves. An old English recipe that survived in various forms until the 19th century calls for refining white wine from bastard—bad or tainted "bastardo" wine. The English word "wine" comes from the Proto-Germanic "*winam", an early borrowing from the Latin "vinum", "wine" or "(grape) vine", itself derived from the Proto-Indo-European stem *"win-o-" (cf. , "gini"; Ancient Greek: "oinos"; Aeolic Greek: "woinos"; Hittite: "wiyana";
The Word Exchange the intrusion of these devices into our lives," Graedon said, "because it’ll continue to happen, but we have control over it. I just wanted to offer a window onto what might happen if things went a little bit wrong." Graedon's initial inspiration for the novel was an experience while she was in college, a fire that started in a neighbor's house burned her apartment, including all her books, leading her to contemplate loss of the printed word. "Losing all my books got me thinking about the ephemerality of words and language," Graedon said, "and also the significance of these cultural