Ionization energy The sciences of physics and chemistry use different measures of ionization energy. In physics, the unit is the amount of energy required to remove a single electron from a single atom or molecule, expressed as electronvolts. In chemistry, the unit is the amount of energy required for all of the atoms in a mole of substance to lose one electron each: molar ionization energy or enthalpy, expressed as kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). Comparison of "E" of elements in the periodic table reveals two periodic trends: The latter trend results from the outer electron shell being
Epoxy the ratio of the amount of substance of epoxide groups, "n"(EP), and the mass "m"(B) of the material B, with the SI unit "mol/kg", or the so-called "epoxide equivalent weight", which is the ratio of the mass of a sample B of the resin and the amount of substance of epoxide groups present in that sample B, with the SI unit "kg/mol". The so-called "epoxide equivalent weight" is simply the inverse of the so-called "epoxide number". The specific amount of substance of epoxide groups is used to calculate the mass of co-reactant (hardener) to use when curing epoxy resins. Epoxies