Social history of viruses of encephalitis, of which 105 were fatal, were recorded. A new paramyxovirus was discovered in a victim's brain; it was named Nipah virus, after the village where he had lived. The infection was caused by a virus from fruit bats, after their colony had been disrupted by deforestation. The bats had moved to trees nearer the pig farm and the pigs caught the virus from their droppings. Several highly lethal viral pathogens are members of the "Filoviridae". Filoviruses are filament-like viruses that cause viral haemorrhagic fever, and include the Ebola and Marburg viruses. The Marburg virus attracted widespread press attention
Verminous haemorrhagic dermatitis (cattle) where it can lead to a wide plages of subcutaneous necrosis, with swelling of the arm. Ivermectin is efficient for individual treatments of the illness. But surgical excision, although very haemorrhagic, is far more efficient. A similar disease, sometimes referred to as "Cascado", occurs in Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia) and is caused by "Stephanofilaria" species. Epidemiology differs among the countries in which it has been reported, and is dependent upon temperature and rainfall patterns, and the subsequent multiplication of the fly vectors. In Germany, the verminous nodules start in May and June, 2 to 4 weeks after the beginning of pasture