History of the Ruhr and steel industries have declined drastically History of the Ruhr The actual boundaries of the Ruhr vary slightly depending on the source, but a good working definition is to define the Lippe and Ruhr as its northern and southern boundaries respectively, the Rhine as its western boundary, and the town of Hamm as the eastern limit. In the Middle Ages, local power was vested primarily in the counts ("Grafen") of Berg, Mark and Cleves. The left bank of the Rhine was held by the Archbishop of Cologne. The Hellweg was an important trade route crossing the region from Duisburg to
S13 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn) to Troisdorf by the Rhenish Railway in 1870, with an extension to Cologne opened in 1874) and the Cologne Airport loop (opened in 2004) The western section of the S 13 service from Düren to Köln Messe/Deutz was opened on 15 December 2002. It was extended to Troisdorf on 13 June 2004. It is proposed to extend the line to Bonn-Oberkassel. S13 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn) Line S 13 is a S-Bahn line of the Rhine-Ruhr network. It is operated by DB Regio with class 423 electric multiple units. At peak times, the S13 services begin or end at Düren and run