Zolotnik Zolotnik A zolotnik (in Russian: золотни́к; abbr.: zol.) was a small Russian unit of weight, equal to 0.1505 avoirdupois ounces, or 4.2658 grams (about 65.83 grains). Used from the 10th to 20th centuries, its name is derived from the Russian word "zoloto", meaning gold. As a unit, the zolotnik was the standard for silver manufacture, much as the troy ounce is currently used for gold and other precious metals. This unit was originally based on a coin of the same name. The zolotnik circulated in the Kievan Rus until the 11th century; it was equal in weight to the Byzantine
Synthesis of precious metals Synthesis of precious metals The synthesis of precious metals involves the use of either nuclear reactors or particle accelerators to produce these elements. Ruthenium and rhodium are precious metals produced by nuclear fission, as a small percentage of the fission products. The radioisotopes of these elements generated by nuclear fission with the longest half-lives have half-lives of 373.59 days and 45 days for ruthenium and rhodium, respectively. This makes their extraction from spent nuclear fuel possible, although they must be checked for radioactivity before use. Each kilogram of the fission products of U will contain 63.44 grams of ruthenium isotopes