Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani (; born 1 January 1952) is a member of the ruling Al Thani Qatari royal family. He was the ruling Emir of Qatar from 1995 to 2013. The Qatari government now refers to him as His Highness the Father Emir. Hamad seized power in a bloodless palace "coup d'état" in 1995. During his 18-year rule, Qatar's natural gas production reached 77 million tonnes, making Qatar the richest country in the world per capita with the average income in the country US$86,440
Udon Thani heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm. The range of reliably recorded temperatures in the city is from to . The city alone has 399,535 inhabitants of the 1,572,786 for the province. In the mid-1900s, about 46,700 Vietnamese war refugees migrated to Udon Thani. Their descendants still reside in Udon Thani. Today, Udon Thani has the largest Vietnamese community in all of Thailand. By air: Udon Thani International Airport, close to the city centre (within the ring road), serves a number of domestic airports: Chiang Mai International Airport; U-Tapao International Airport (Pattaya); and Bangkok