The Lord of the Rings books III and IV, and as such the eponymous towers could be either Orthanc and Barad-dûr, or Minas Tirith and Barad-dûr, or Orthanc and Cirith Ungol. Tolkien was initially opposed to titles being given to each two-book volume, preferring instead the use of book titles: e.g. "The Lord of the Rings": Vol. 1, "The Ring Sets Out" and "The Ring Goes South"; Vol. 2, "The Treason of Isengard" and "The Ring Goes East"; Vol. 3, "The War of the Ring" and "The End of the Third Age". However these individual book titles were later scrapped, and after pressure from his
Translations of The Lord of the Rings and slightly edited Tolkien's typescript, and re-published it under the title of Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings in their book "". Tolkien uses the abbreviations "CS" for "Common Speech, in original text represented by English", and "LT" for the target language of the translation. His approach is the prescription that if in doubt, a proper name should not be altered but left as it appears in the English original: The names in English form, such as "Dead Marshes", should be translated straightforwardly, while the names in Elvish should be left unchanged. The difficult cases are those names where