Heat capacity properties are often prefixed with the term "specific". International standards now recommend that specific heat capacity always refer to division by mass. The units for the specific heat capacity are formula_7. In chemistry, heat capacity is often specified relative to one mole, the unit of amount of substance, and is called the molar heat capacity. It has the unit formula_8. For some considerations it is useful to specify the volume-specific heat capacity, commonly called volumetric heat capacity, which is the heat capacity per unit volume and has SI units formula_9. This is used almost exclusively for liquids and solids, since
Cartan formalism (physics) the normal Einstein–Hilbert action, using the relations formula_95 and formula_96. Note that in terms of the Planck mass, we set formula_97, whereas the last term keeps all the SI unit factors. Note that in the presence of spinor fields, the Palatini action implies that formula_98 is nonzero. So there's a non-zero torsion, i.e. that formula_99. See Einstein–Cartan theory. Cartan formalism (physics) The vierbein or tetrad theory much used in theoretical physics is a special case of the application of Cartan connection in four-dimensional manifolds. It applies to metrics of any signature. (See metric tensor.) This section is an approach to