Legal case casesby a title of the form "Claimant v Defendant" (e.g. "Arkell v Pressdram"). Where a legal proceeding does not have formally designated adverse parties, a form such as "In re", "Re" or "In the matter of" is used (e.g. "In re Gault"). The "v" separating the parties is an abbreviation of the Latin versus, but, when spoken in Commonwealth countries, it is normally rendered as "and" or "against" (as in, for example, Charles Dickens' "Jarndyce and Jarndyce"). Where it is considered necessary to protect the anonymity of a natural person, some cases may have one or both parties replaced by
Bleak House the late nineteenth century, actress Fanny Janauschek acted in a stage version of "Bleak House" in which she played both Lady Dedlock and her maid Hortense. The two characters never appear on stage at the same time. In 1876 John Pringle Burnett's play, "Jo" found success in London with his wife, Jennie Lee playing Jo, the crossing-sweeper. In 1893, Jane Coombs acted in a version of "Bleak House". A 1901 short film, "The Death of Poor Joe", is the oldest known surviving film featuring a Charles Dickens character (Jo in "Bleak House"). In the silent film era, "Bleak House" was