James Vincent Murphy James Vincent Murphy James Vincent Murphy (7 July 1880 – 5 July 1946) was an Irish translator, writer, and journalist, who published one of the first complete English translations of "Mein Kampf" in 1939. James Murphy attended St. Patrick's College. He was ordained a priest at St. Patrick's College Chapel in 1905. He left clerical service. Before the Second World War he lived for some time in Italy and Germany. James Vincent Murphy has been accused of translating the German word "Hakenkreuz" (Hooked Cross) which Nazis called their symbol, as "Swastika", a Hindu religious symbol signifying prosperity and wellness. However,
Austria – the Nazis' first victim the influx of refugees from Germany. The holocaust started in Austria in July 1941 and, on the whole, finished by the end of 1942. Arrested were took off to ghettos and concentration camps in Belarus, Latvia and Poland via Theresienstadt and eventually killed. At the end of the war slaughters resumed in Austria, where thousands of Hungarian Jews worked at the construction of lines of defence. Extermination of Jews, treated as slaves "privatized" by the local Nazis, continued for several weeks in rural areas of Styria after Germany surrendered. The case of slave-holders from Graz reached the court of British