Legal case casesby a title of the form "Claimant v Defendant" (e.g. "Arkell v Pressdram"). Where a legal proceeding does not have formally designated adverse parties, a form such as "In re", "Re" or "In the matter of" is used (e.g. "In re Gault"). The "v" separating the parties is an abbreviation of the Latin versus, but, when spoken in Commonwealth countries, it is normally rendered as "and" or "against" (as in, for example, Charles Dickens' "Jarndyce and Jarndyce"). Where it is considered necessary to protect the anonymity of a natural person, some cases may have one or both parties replaced by
House of Parties of Iran House of Parties of Iran Parties' House or House of Parties of Iran () is a non-governmental organization in Iran, consisting of legal and registered political parties. It aims to minimize differences between the members and is a member of International Conference of Asian Political Parties (ICAPP). The association is backed by the Iranian government and annually funds its member parties (about $2.5 million in 2004). It was founded in 1997 with the growing emergence of political parties in Iran and reopened in 2015. As of 2008, 168 parties were member of the association. It refused to allow Freedom Movement