Naqshbandi Golden Chain Afandi, Hasan Hilmi Afandi and the rest of the Daghestani Ma'zuns, as can be seen below. Naqshbandi Golden Chain The Naqshbandi Golden Chain is a lineage of spiritual masters of the Naqshbandi Sufi order related to each other going back to the Islamic prophet Muhammad It is a chain in which each scholar was given "ijazah" or permission for dhikr of God by his own teacher or pir to transmit the knowledge he had received to the next generation of students in the traditional manner of Sufi transmission. The Golden Chain, as different from all other Sufi lineages, is unique
Sudan golden sparrow Sudan golden sparrow The Sudan golden sparrow ("Passer luteus") is a small bird in the sparrow family found in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a popular cage bird, and in aviculture it is known as the golden song sparrow. The Arabian golden sparrow and this species are sometimes considered one species, as the "golden sparrow". This species was first described by Martin Lichtenstein in 1823, as "Fringilla lutea", from a specimen collected at Dongola, Sudan. Since then it has generally been placed in the genus "Passer". The species name "luteus" means saffron yellow in Latin. The two golden sparrows are very