Abscissa and ordinate a parametric equation. Used in this way, the abscissa can be thought of as a coordinate-geometry analog to the independent variable in a mathematical model or experiment (with any ordinates filling a role analogous to dependent variables). Abscissa and ordinate In mathematics, the abscissa (; plural "abscissae" or "abscissæ" or "abscissas") and the ordinate are respectively the first and second coordinate of a point in a coordinate system. The abscissa of a point is the signed measure of its projection on the primary axis, whose absolute value is the distance between the projection and the origin of the axis, and
Dot product representation of a graph Dot product representation of a graph A dot product representation of a simple graph is a method of representing a graph using vector spaces and the dot product from linear algebra. Every graph has a dot product representation. Let "G" be a graph with vertex set "V". Let "F" be a field, and "f" a function from "V" to "F" such that "xy" is an edge of "G" if and only if "f"("x")·"f"("y") ≥ "t". This is the dot product representation of "G". The number "t" is called the dot product threshold, and the smallest possible value of "k" is