Abscissa and ordinate Abscissa and ordinate In mathematics, the abscissa (; plural "abscissae" or "abscissæ" or "abscissas") and the ordinate are respectively the first and second coordinate of a point in a coordinate system. The abscissa of a point is the signed measure of its projection on the primary axis, whose absolute value is the distance between the projection and the origin of the axis, and whose sign is given by the location on the projection relative to the origin (before: negative; after: positive). The ordinate of a point is the signed measure of its projection on the secondary axis, whose absolute value
Complement graph the one for simple graphs, since applying it to a graph with no self-loops would result in a graph with self-loops on all vertices. Several graph-theoretic concepts are related to each other via complement graphs: A self-complementary graph is a graph that is isomorphic to its own complement. Examples include the four-vertex path graph and five-vertex cycle graph. Several classes of graphs are self-complementary, in the sense that the complement of any graph in one of these classes is another graph in the same class. In the analysis of algorithms on graphs, the distinction between a graph and its complement