Pollinator Pollinator A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower. This helps to bring about fertilization of the ovules in the flower by the male gametes from the pollen grains. Insect pollinators include bees, (honey bees, solitary species, bumblebees); pollen wasps (Masarinae); ants; flies including bee flies, hoverflies and mosquitoes; lepidopterans, both butterflies and moths; and flower beetles. Vertebrates, mainly bats and birds, but also some non-bat mammals (monkeys, lemurs, possums, rodents) and some lizards pollinate certain plants. Among the pollinating birds are hummingbirds, honeyeaters and sunbirds
Parthenium hysterophorus production, an additive in manure for biogas production, as a biopesticide, and as green manure and compost. Contact with the plant causes dermatitis and respiratory malfunction in humans, and dermatitis in cattle and domestic animals. The main substance responsible is parthenin, which is dangerously toxic. It also is responsible for bitter milk disease in livestock when their fodder is polluted with "Parthenium" leaves. Among other allelopathic effects of the species, the presence of "Parthenium" pollen grains inhibits fruit set in tomato, brinjal, beans, and a number of other crop plants. Light infestations of "Parthenium hysterophorus" in cultivated fields may be