Bat prevent them from spending too much time in unfamiliar places, and decrease predation. In some species, pregnant individuals may not use torpor. The smallest bat is Kitti's hog-nosed bat ("Craseonycteris thonglongyai"), which is long with a wingspan and weighs . It is also arguably the smallest extant species of mammal, next to the Etruscan shrew. The largest bats are a few species of "Pteropus" megabats and the giant golden-crowned flying fox, ("Acerodon jubatus"), which can weigh with a wingspan of . Larger bats tend to use lower frequencies and smaller bats higher for echolocation; high-frequency echolocation is better at detecting
Type family versa. Type families are regarded as being generally easier to type-check than functional dependencies. Another advantage of associated types over functional dependencies is that the latter requires clients using the type class to state all of the dependent types in their contexts, including ones they do not use; since associated types do not require this, adding another associated type to the class requires updating only the class's instances, while clients can remain unchanged. The main advantages of functional dependencies over type families are in their added flexibility in handling a few unusual cases. Type family In computer science, a type