Abscissa and ordinate a parametric equation. Used in this way, the abscissa can be thought of as a coordinate-geometry analog to the independent variable in a mathematical model or experiment (with any ordinates filling a role analogous to dependent variables). Abscissa and ordinate In mathematics, the abscissa (; plural "abscissae" or "abscissæ" or "abscissas") and the ordinate are respectively the first and second coordinate of a point in a coordinate system. The abscissa of a point is the signed measure of its projection on the primary axis, whose absolute value is the distance between the projection and the origin of the axis, and
Subhamiltonian graph therefore also subhamiltonian; these include the 4-connected planar graphs and the Halin graphs. Every planar graph with maximum degree at most four is subhamiltonian, as is every planar graph with no separating triangles. If the edges of an arbitrary planar graph are subdivided into paths of length two, the resulting subdivided graph is always subhamiltonian. Subhamiltonian graph In graph theory and graph drawing, a subhamiltonian graph is a subgraph of a planar Hamiltonian graph. A graph "G" is subhamiltonian if "G" is a subgraph of another graph aug("G") on the same vertex set, such that aug("G") is planar and contains