Yas Marina Circuit (structural contractor), as well as specialised subcontractors like Voltas (MEP), PKE-Siemens (MEP), Able-Middle East (earthworks), Hamilton International (interior) and Bau Bickhardt (track) to name a few. The circuit was constructed with a permanent lighting system provided by Musco Lighting, similar to that also installed at the Losail Circuit in Qatar. Yas Marina Circuit is the largest permanent sports venue lighting project in the world; previously that title was held by Losail. The surface of the track is made of graywacke aggregate, shipped to Abu Dhabi from a Bayston Hill quarry in Shropshire, England. The surface material is highly acclaimed by
Circuit rank of any planar graph with the same vertex set, is called the meshedness coefficient. For a connected planar graph with edges and vertices, the meshedness coefficient can be computed by the formula Here, the numerator formula_5 of the formula is the circuit rank of the given graph, and the denominator formula_6 is the largest possible circuit rank of an -vertex planar graph. The meshedness coefficient ranges between 0 for trees and 1 for maximal planar graphs. The circuit rank controls the number of ears in an ear decomposition of a graph, a partition of the edges of the graph into