Abscissa and ordinate is the distance between the projection and the origin of the axis, and whose sign is given by the location on the projection relative to the origin (before: negative; after: positive). Usually these are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of a point in a two-dimensional rectangular Cartesian coordinate system. The terms can also refer to the horizontal and vertical axes respectively (typically "x"-axis and "y"–axis) of a two-dimensional graph. An ordered pair consists of two terms—the abscissa (horizontal, usually "x") and the ordinate (vertical, usually "y")—which define the location of a point in two-dimensional rectangular space. Though the word "abscissa"
Subhamiltonian graph therefore also subhamiltonian; these include the 4-connected planar graphs and the Halin graphs. Every planar graph with maximum degree at most four is subhamiltonian, as is every planar graph with no separating triangles. If the edges of an arbitrary planar graph are subdivided into paths of length two, the resulting subdivided graph is always subhamiltonian. Subhamiltonian graph In graph theory and graph drawing, a subhamiltonian graph is a subgraph of a planar Hamiltonian graph. A graph "G" is subhamiltonian if "G" is a subgraph of another graph aug("G") on the same vertex set, such that aug("G") is planar and contains