Naqshbandi Golden Chain Afandi, Hasan Hilmi Afandi and the rest of the Daghestani Ma'zuns, as can be seen below. Naqshbandi Golden Chain The Naqshbandi Golden Chain is a lineage of spiritual masters of the Naqshbandi Sufi order related to each other going back to the Islamic prophet Muhammad It is a chain in which each scholar was given "ijazah" or permission for dhikr of God by his own teacher or pir to transmit the knowledge he had received to the next generation of students in the traditional manner of Sufi transmission. The Golden Chain, as different from all other Sufi lineages, is unique
Genus–differentia definition Genus–differentia definition A genus–differentia definition is a type of intensional definition, and it is composed of two parts: For example, consider these two definitions: Those definitions can be expressed as one genus and two "differentiae": The process of producing new definitions by "extending" existing definitions is commonly known as differentiation (and also as derivation). The reverse process, by which just part of an existing definition is used itself as a new definition, is called abstraction; the new definition is called "an abstraction" and it is said to have been "abstracted away from" the existing definition. For instance, consider the following: