Order of the Golden Chain hospitals and convalescent homes for the sick, aged and orphaned. During World War II, the Order of the Golden Chain sold more than four million dollars of War Bonds, donated ambulances, mobile kitchens, and an airplane named "The Spirit of the Golden Chain." The United States government accorded the Order of the Golden Chain the honor of christening a Liberty ship, the "Louis L. Bamberger", in recognition of their good deeds. The Order incorporated its Charity Foundation and in 1945 in Blairstown, NJ, that Foundation established Camp Golden Chain for underprivileged children of all races, creeds and colors. Members of
Poisonous pedagogy Poisonous pedagogy In sociology and psychology, poisonous pedagogy, also called black pedagogy (from the original German name "schwarze Pädagogik"), is any traditional child-raising methods which modern pedagogy considers repressive and harmful. It includes behaviours and communication that theorists consider to be manipulative or violent, such as corporal punishment. The concept was first introduced by Katharina Rutschky in her 1977 work "Schwarze Pädagogik. Quellen zur Naturgeschichte der bürgerlichen Erziehung". The psychologist Alice Miller used the concept to describe child-raising approaches that, she believed, damage a child's emotional development. Miller claims that this alleged emotional damage promotes adult behavior harmful to individuals.