Order of the Golden Chain their countless contributions to posterity. A previous Order of the Golden Chain was founded in 1881 and pronounced bankrupt in 1899. "Order of the Golden Chain" is also the name of an honor conferred in Lions Clubs International. In former ages, it was the name of an honor conferred by the kings of Munster in Ireland, and an honor conferred by the rulers of Saxony in Germany. Order of the Golden Chain The Order of the Golden Chain is a fraternal social organization for Freemasons and their immediate female relatives. The Order of the Golden Chain originated in June 1929
Poisonous pedagogy Poisonous pedagogy In sociology and psychology, poisonous pedagogy, also called black pedagogy (from the original German name "schwarze Pädagogik"), is any traditional child-raising methods which modern pedagogy considers repressive and harmful. It includes behaviours and communication that theorists consider to be manipulative or violent, such as corporal punishment. The concept was first introduced by Katharina Rutschky in her 1977 work "Schwarze Pädagogik. Quellen zur Naturgeschichte der bürgerlichen Erziehung". The psychologist Alice Miller used the concept to describe child-raising approaches that, she believed, damage a child's emotional development. Miller claims that this alleged emotional damage promotes adult behavior harmful to individuals.