Lever force F at a point "A" located by the coordinate vector r on the bar. The lever then exerts an output force F at the point "B" located by r. The rotation of the lever about the fulcrum "P" is defined by the rotation angle "θ" in radians. Let the coordinate vector of the point "P" that defines the fulcrum be r, and introduce the lengths which are the distances from the fulcrum to the input point "A" and to the output point "B", respectively. Now introduce the unit vectors e and e from the fulcrum to the point "A"
Lever frame of them have been taken out of use. The lever frame is located in the signal box, which can be a building at ground level or a tower, separated from or connected to an existing station building. Early lever frames were also built as "ground frames" next to the track, without any form of shelter and were usually operated by traincrew and not permanently staffed. Especially in England, lever frames with the pivot underneath the floor of the signal box were common (as seen on the photo on the left). This design's relatively short lever angle is a major disadvantage,