Bat prevent them from spending too much time in unfamiliar places, and decrease predation. In some species, pregnant individuals may not use torpor. The smallest bat is Kitti's hog-nosed bat ("Craseonycteris thonglongyai"), which is long with a wingspan and weighs . It is also arguably the smallest extant species of mammal, next to the Etruscan shrew. The largest bats are a few species of "Pteropus" megabats and the giant golden-crowned flying fox, ("Acerodon jubatus"), which can weigh with a wingspan of . Larger bats tend to use lower frequencies and smaller bats higher for echolocation; high-frequency echolocation is better at detecting
Echolocation jamming Moth clicks were played through a loudspeaker as bats tried to capture mealworms catapulted through the air. Moth clicks caused bats to veer away from the mealworms, but echolocation calls played through the speaker did not, causing the authors to conclude that the moth clicks themselves dissuaded the bats. However, it was later determined that the moth clicks were played at an unnaturally loud level, invalidating this conclusion. In subsequent years Dunning conducted further experiments to show that moth clicks serve a warning function. That is, they communicate to bats that the moths are toxic, as many moths accumulate toxic