Manganese produce a parkinsonism-like illness characterized by movement abnormalities. This condition is not responsive to typical therapies used in the treatment of PD, suggesting an alternative pathway than the typical dopaminergic loss within the substantia nigra. Manganese may accumulate in the basal ganglia, leading to the abnormal movements. A mutation of the SLC30A10 gene, a manganese efflux transporter necessary for decreasing intracellular Mn, has been linked with the development of this Parkinsonism-like disease. The Lewy bodies typical to PD are not seen in Mn-induced parkinsonism. Animal experiments have given the opportunity to examine the consequences of manganese overexposure under controlled conditions.
Manganese(II) chloride Manganese(II) chloride Manganese(II) chloride describes a series of compounds with the formula MnCl(HO), where the value of x can be 0, 2, or 4. The tetrahydrate is the most common form of "manganese(II) chloride" and is the tetrahydrate with the formula MnCl·4HO. The anhydrous form and a dihydrate MnCl·2HO are also known. Like many Mn(II) species, these salts are pink, with the paleness of the color being characteristic of transition metal complexes with high spin d configurations. Manganese chloride is produced by treating manganese(IV) oxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid. This reaction was once used for the manufacture of chlorine. By