Hebrew language debate the degree to which Hebrew was a spoken vernacular in ancient times following the Babylonian exile, when the predominant international language in the region was Old Aramaic. Hebrew was extinct as a colloquial language by Late Antiquity, but it continued to be used as a literary language and as the liturgical language of Judaism, evolving various dialects of literary Medieval Hebrew, until its revival as a spoken language in the late 19th century. In July 2008 Israeli archaeologist Yossi Garfinkel discovered a ceramic shard at Khirbet Qeiyafa which he claimed may be the earliest Hebrew writing yet discovered, dating
Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud is a 20th-century, 73-volume edition of the Babylonian Talmud or Talmud Bavli. The text is published by Artscroll, a division of Mesorah Publications, with the financial assistance of Jerome Schottenstein, an orthodox Jew and founder of an Ohio department store. The Schottenstein Edition is published in three languages: English, French, and Modern Hebrew. The edition has gained much popularity since its release and is used in many congregations throughout the English-speaking world. The total cost of the project was $40,000,000 (including the Hebrew edition); some sources estimate the