Manganese to life and health. Generally, exposure to ambient Mn air concentrations in excess of 5 μg Mn/m3 can lead to Mn-induced symptoms. Increased ferroportin protein expression in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells is associated with decreased intracellular Mn concentration and attenuated cytotoxicity, characterized by the reversal of Mn-reduced glutamate uptake and diminished lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Waterborne manganese has a greater bioavailability than dietary manganese. According to results from a 2010 study, higher levels of exposure to manganese in drinking water are associated with increased intellectual impairment and reduced intelligence quotients in school-age children. It is hypothesized that long-term exposure due
Manganese exporter manganese efflux pump. Manganese sensitivity and intracellular manganese levels significantly increased in bacteria when the "mntP" (formerly "yebN") gene, which encodes the MntP efflux pump, was deleted. While manganese is a highly important trace nutrient for organisms from bacteria to humans, acting as an important element in the defense against oxidative stress and as an enzyme cofactor, it becomes toxic when present in excess. Manganese exporter The Manganese (Mn2+) Exporter (MntP) Family (TC# 2.A.107) is a member of the Lysine Exporter (LysE) Superfamily. The MntP family is a small family whose members have been found in bacteria and archaea. MntP