Wine glass the wine. To preserve a crisp, clean flavor, many white wine glasses will have a smaller mouth, which reduces surface area and in turn, the rate of oxidization. In the case of sparkling wine, such as Champagne or Asti, an even smaller mouth is used to keep the wine sparkling longer in the glass. Champagne flutes are characterised by a long stem with a tall, narrow bowl on top. The shape is designed to keep sparkling wine desirable during its consumption. Just as with wine glasses, the flute is designed to be held by the stem to help prevent the
Glass-to-metal seal glass, the surface has to be properly oxidized. The oxide layer has to have the right thickness; too thin oxide would not provide enough material for the glass to anchor to, too thick oxide would fail in the oxide layer, and in both cases the joint would be weak and possibly non-hermetic. To improve the bonding to glass, the oxide layer should be borated; this is achieved by e.g. dipping the hot part into a concentrated solution of borax and then heating it again for certain time. This treatment stabilizes the oxide layer by forming a thin protective layer of