Gran Colombia–Peru War was the kernel of Bolívar's grander scheme to unite the former Spanish colonies in Central and South America. Prior to becoming the titular head of Gran Colombia, Bolívar had been, briefly, the president of the newly independent state of Bolivia, his namesake. Bolivia had formerly been a part of the Viceroyalty of the "Rio de La Plata", known as Upper Peru, and, once Bolívar relinquished the presidency of Bolivia to his revolutionary compatriot, Antonio José de Sucre Alcalá, in 1826, the Peruvians saw an opportunity. Early in 1828, Peru launched a campaign against Bolivia to reclaim its former territory and
Brazil–Peru border infrastructure, cooperation (mainly in social and security issues), border integration and economic-trade integration. In the field of physical integration, once the Interoceanic Highway, which connects the State of Acre with the Pacific and inaugurated in 2011, the two countries started to study a Bioceanic Railroad project, object of a Brazil-Peru-China Memorandum of Understanding signed In May 2015. These projects are strategic for the integration of the economies of the North and the Midwest of Brazil to Peru and the Pacific. Brazil–Peru border The Brazil–Peru border is the line, located in the Amazon Rainforest, that limits the territories of Brazil and