Kibaran orogeny to the belt around the Kibara mountains in the southeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kibaran orogeny The Kibaran orogeny is a term that has been used for a series of orogenic events in what is now Africa that began in the Mesoproterozoic around 1400 Ma and continued until around 1000 Ma when the supercontinent Rodinia was assembled. The term "Kibaran" has often been used for any orogenic rocks formed during this very extended period. Recently it has been proposed that the term should be used in a much narrower sense for an event around 1375 Ma and
Malagasy orogeny Malagasy orogeny Malagasy orogeny is the name given to the Ediacaran to Cambrian orogeny that resulted as India collided with the already amalgamated African continent that consisted of Azania and the Congo-Tanzania-Bangweulu Block. The orogeny affected the parts of the East African Orogen that are now found in southern India, Madagascar and central Arabia. The term "Malagasy orogeny" was introduced by for the orogenisis between India and a series of Gondwanan cratonic blocks in present-day Africa (Congo/Tanzania/Bangweulu/Azania). In their reconstruction, India collided with Australia/Mawson in the Kuunga orogeny before the formation of Gondwana. They identified the Betsimisaraka suture in eastern