Symphony Edward Elgar, Gustav Mahler, Jean Sibelius, Carl Nielsen, Igor Stravinsky, Bohuslav Martinů, Roger Sessions, and Dmitri Shostakovich composed symphonies "extraordinary in scope, richness, originality, and urgency of expression" (Steinberg 1995, 404). One measure of the significance of a symphony is the degree to which it reflects conceptions of temporal form particular to the age in which it was created. Five composers from across the span of the 20th century who fulfil this measure are Sibelius, Stravinsky, Luciano Berio (in his Sinfonia, 1968–69), Elliott Carter (in his "Symphony of Three Orchestras", 1976), and Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen (in "Symphony/Antiphony", 1980). Beginning in the
Symphony No. 16 (Myaskovsky) written by Myaskovsky, "The Aeroplanes are Flying". Symphony No. 16 (Myaskovsky) Nikolai Myaskovsky's Symphony No. 16 in F major, op. 39, was composed in 1935-6 and has the nickname "Aviation Symphony". The Symphony is in four movements: The symphony was said to be inspired by the crash of the Tupolev ANT-20 "Maksim Gorky". The premiere was on 24 October 1936, in Moscow with the Moscow Philharmonic conducted by E. Szenkar. The first movement begins with a triplet accompaniment and a chromatic main theme. The second movement is a dance-like intermezzo. This is followed by a funeral march, and following without