Viceroyalty of Peru on July 21, 1821. The independence of Peru was proclaimed on July 28, 1821. Viceroy José de la Serna e Hinojosa, still in command of a sizable military force, retired to Jauja, and later to Cusco. On July 26, 1822, San Martín and Simón Bolívar met in Guayaquil to define a strategy for the liberation of the rest of Peru. The meeting was secret, and exactly what occurred is not known. However, afterwards San Martín returned to Argentina while Bolívar prepared to launch an offensive against the remaining royalist forces in Peru and Upper Peru (Bolivia). In September 1823 Bolívar
Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland major Marxist group in the country. It participates in the build-up of the Broad Left Front (FAI). The general secretary of the party, Alberto Moreno, was the FAI candidate in the 2006 presidential elections. The official organ of the Central Committee of the party is called "Patria Roja". Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland (in Spanish: "Partido Comunista del Perú - Patria Roja") is a political party in Peru founded in 1970, through a split in the Peruvian Communist Party - Red Flag. It is led by Alberto Moreno and Rolando Breña.