Order of the Golden Chain in New Jersey. Constituent Links began to form up and down the eastern coastline and continue to function in New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. It wasn't long after the Order of the Golden Chain was created that the country was in the thrust of the Great Depression. There was a strong need to belong to a fraternal organization such as the Golden Chain with members dedicated to helping others less fortunate than themselves. During that period, hundreds of thousands of dollars were spent by Constituent Links, from supplying food, coal and medical supplies to endowing much needed equipment for
Poisonous pedagogy Poisonous pedagogy In sociology and psychology, poisonous pedagogy, also called black pedagogy (from the original German name "schwarze Pädagogik"), is any traditional child-raising methods which modern pedagogy considers repressive and harmful. It includes behaviours and communication that theorists consider to be manipulative or violent, such as corporal punishment. The concept was first introduced by Katharina Rutschky in her 1977 work "Schwarze Pädagogik. Quellen zur Naturgeschichte der bürgerlichen Erziehung". The psychologist Alice Miller used the concept to describe child-raising approaches that, she believed, damage a child's emotional development. Miller claims that this alleged emotional damage promotes adult behavior harmful to individuals.