Nobel Prize relevant fields was greater), a greater delay in awarding Nobel Prizes for women's achievements making longevity a more important factor for women (Nobel Prizes are not awarded posthumously), and a tendency to omit women from jointly awarded Nobel Prizes. Four people have received two Nobel Prizes. Marie Curie received the Physics Prize in 1903 for her work on radioactivity and the Chemistry Prize in 1911 for the isolation of pure radium, making her the only person to be awarded a Nobel Prize in two different sciences. Linus Pauling was awarded the 1954 Chemistry Prize for his research into the chemical
Claes Nobel Claes Nobel Claes Nobel (; ; born 1930), a native of Sweden, is grandson of Ludvig Nobel and grand nephew to Alfred Nobel, who established the Nobel Prizes. Founder of the National Society of High School Scholars, Nobel is an advocate of humanitarian and environmental causes, and was honored at the Artivist Film Festival in November 2007 for his work in these areas. He is also Chief Mentor to Cogent EMR Solutions, a company dedicated to research and development of Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) safety products and services. In 1974 he drafted The Nobel Laureates Declaration on the Survival of Mankind,