Nobel Prize relevant fields was greater), a greater delay in awarding Nobel Prizes for women's achievements making longevity a more important factor for women (Nobel Prizes are not awarded posthumously), and a tendency to omit women from jointly awarded Nobel Prizes. Four people have received two Nobel Prizes. Marie Curie received the Physics Prize in 1903 for her work on radioactivity and the Chemistry Prize in 1911 for the isolation of pure radium, making her the only person to be awarded a Nobel Prize in two different sciences. Linus Pauling was awarded the 1954 Chemistry Prize for his research into the chemical
Kaci Kullmann Five by the committee as its new chairperson, succeeding Thorbjørn Jagland, marking the first time in the history of the 1900 founded committee that the incumbent chairman was replaced without retiring deliberately. Since 2009, she has been one of the seven regular board members of the Sweden-based Nobel Foundation, which has the overall responsibility for all the five Nobel Prizes. As a member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, she was involved in the decisions to award the Nobel Peace Prize to, among others, Shirin Ebadi, Al Gore, Martti Ahtisaari, Barack Obama, Liu Xiaobo and the European Union. She praised Thorbjørn Jagland