Republic of South Peru Peru and North Peru reverted to being a single Republic of Peru. The Peru-Bolivian Confederation was a plan that attempted to reunite the "Alto Perú" ("Upper Peru", now Bolivia) and "Bajo Perú" ("Lower Peru", now simply Peru) into a single political and economic entity. Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz promoted an ambitious project to reunite these two territories on the basis of a confederacy. This integration was based not only on historical, cultural and ethnic reasons, but also on sound economic motives. The union was trying to restore the ancient commercial routes and promote a policy of open markets. As
Peru misunderstandings due to the lack of a common language. The Spanish Crown gave the name legal status with the 1529 "Capitulación de Toledo", which designated the newly encountered Inca Empire as the province of Peru. Under Spanish rule, the country adopted the denomination Viceroyalty of Peru, which became Republic of Peru after independence. The earliest evidences of human presence in Peruvian territory have been dated to approximately 9,000 BC. Andean societies were based on agriculture, using techniques such as irrigation and terracing; camelid husbandry and fishing were also important. Organization relied on reciprocity and redistribution because these societies had no