The Golden Chain authenticity. Most accounts are vague on what year the Golden Chain document was written; some say 1988 but U.S. counter-terrorism advisor Richard A. Clarke says it dates from 1989. The "Golden Chain" was presented by the U.S. government in the criminal case "United States v. Arnaout" filed on January 29, 2003, and in other legal filings, which would cause its veracity and meaning to be brought under further scrutiny. The names include: Adel Batterjee is a wealthy Saudi businessman who is also the founder of both BIF and its predecessor, Lajnatt Al-Birr Al-Islamiah. He appears to be mentioned three times.
Genus–differentia definition Genus–differentia definition A genus–differentia definition is a type of intensional definition, and it is composed of two parts: For example, consider these two definitions: Those definitions can be expressed as one genus and two "differentiae": The process of producing new definitions by "extending" existing definitions is commonly known as differentiation (and also as derivation). The reverse process, by which just part of an existing definition is used itself as a new definition, is called abstraction; the new definition is called "an abstraction" and it is said to have been "abstracted away from" the existing definition. For instance, consider the following: