Pasadena orogeny over is caused by the collision of the North American Plate with other geologic structures that are attached to the Pacific Plate. This orogeny has resulted in the uplift of mostly north-south trending mountain chains, although some east-west trending uplifts are also found such as the Channel Islands and the Transverse Ranges; much of the uplift took place at the edge of basins. The Pasadena orogeny is accompanied by earthquake activity, which includes tsunami hazards. Folding accompanying the uplift of the Coast Ranges in Southern California, folding farther north at Morro Bay and the structure of the Santa Barbara Basin
Andean orogeny Pampeanas) where the effects of the ancient Pampean orogeny can be observed, owes it modern uplift and relief to the Andean orogeny in the Tertiary. Similarly the San Rafael Block east of the Andes and south of Sierras Pampeanas was raised in the Miocene during the Andean orogeny. In broad terms the most active phase of orogeny in area of southern Mendoza Province and northern Neuquén Province (34–38° S) happened in the Late Miocene while arc volcanism occurred east of the Andes. At more southern latitudes (36–39° S) various Jurassic and Cretaceous marine transgressions from the Pacific are recorded in