Lever the power out, and the ratio of output to input force is given by the ratio of the distances from the fulcrum to the points of application of these forces. This is known as the "law of the lever." The mechanical advantage of a lever can be determined by considering the balance of moments or torque, "T", about the fulcrum. where F is the input force to the lever and F is the output force. The distances "a" and "b" are the perpendicular distances between the forces and the fulcrum. Since the moments of torque must be balanced, formula_3 .
Lever frame as it requires more force to move the lever. Therefore, later, especially in Germany, lever frames with pivots inside the signaller's room were used, that allow for a lever angle of approximately 180° (as seen on the photo on the right). By the movement of individual levers (or sometimes cranks), signals, points, track locks, level crossing gates or barriers and sometimes movable bridges over waterways are operated via wires and rods. The signaller chooses the correct combination of points, facing point locks and signals to operate, which will control the movement of each train through their area of control. The