Manganese induce a strong green color in glass by forming less-colored iron(III) and slightly pink manganese(II), compensating for the residual color of the iron(III). Larger quantities of manganese are used to produce pink colored glass. Tetravalent manganese is used as an activator in red-emitting phosphors. While many compounds are known which show luminescence the majority is not used in commercial application due to low efficiency or deep red emission. However, several Mn aktivated fluorides were reported as potential red emitting phorshors for warm-white LEDs. But to this day, only KSiF:Mn is commercially available for use in warm-white LEDs. The manganese oxide
Lithium ion manganese oxide battery made of alternating layers of lithium ions and lithium and manganese ions in a 1:2 ratio, similar to the layered structure of . Although is electrochemically inactive, it can be charged to a high potential (4.5 V v.s Li) in order to undergo lithiation/de-lithiation. However, extracting lithium from at such a high potential results in loss of oxygen from the electrode surface which leads to poor capacity and cycling stability. One of the main research efforts in the field of lithium-manganese oxide electrodes for lithium-ion batteries involves developing composite electrodes using structurally integrated layered and spinel , with a chemical