Manganese(II,III) oxide a weighting agent while drilling reservoir sections in oil and gas wells. Manganese(II,III) oxide Manganese(II,III) oxide is the chemical compound with formula MnO. Manganese is present in two oxidation states +2 and +3 and the formula is sometimes written as MnO.MnO. MnO is found in nature as the mineral hausmannite. MnO formed when any manganese oxide is heated in air above 1000 °C. Considerable research has centred on producing nanocrystalline MnO and various syntheses that involve oxidation of Mn or reduction of Mn. MnO has been found to act as a catalyst for a range of reactions e.g. the oxidation
Gallium manganese arsenide incorporated. At lower temperatures, around 250 °C, there is insufficient thermal energy for surface segregation to occur but still sufficient for a good quality single crystal alloy to form. In addition to the substitutional incorporation of manganese, low-temperature MBE also causes the inclusion of other impurities. The two other common impurities are interstitial manganese and arsenic antisites. The former is where the manganese atom sits between the other atoms in the zinc-blende lattice structure and the latter is where an arsenic atom occupies a gallium site. Both impurities act as double donors, removing the holes provided by the substitutional manganese,