Gran Colombia–Peru War was the kernel of Bolívar's grander scheme to unite the former Spanish colonies in Central and South America. Prior to becoming the titular head of Gran Colombia, Bolívar had been, briefly, the president of the newly independent state of Bolivia, his namesake. Bolivia had formerly been a part of the Viceroyalty of the "Rio de La Plata", known as Upper Peru, and, once Bolívar relinquished the presidency of Bolivia to his revolutionary compatriot, Antonio José de Sucre Alcalá, in 1826, the Peruvians saw an opportunity. Early in 1828, Peru launched a campaign against Bolivia to reclaim its former territory and
Tertiary Hill Country Tertiary Hill Country The Tertiary Hill Country ( or "Tertiäres Hügelland"), also called the Tertiary Hills, is an upland area with a moderate climate in the northern Alpine Foreland, which extends northwards as far as the River Danube. It is divided into two simple contiguous regions that are separated by the valley of the Lower Inn which itself is not usually counted as part of the Tertiary Hills. In Germany (Bavaria), the Lower Bavarian Upland is its larger northwestern element; in Upper Austria it forms the Hausruckviertl Mountain and Hill Country (also called the Upper Austrian Hill Country or "Oberösterreichisches