Pygmy hippopotamus the pygmy hippopotamus, are considered dwarf hippopotamuses, rather than pygmies. They are likely descended from a full-sized species of European hippopotamus, and reached their small size through the evolutionary process of insular dwarfism which is common on islands; the ancestors of pygmy hippopotami were also small and thus there was never a dwarfing process. There were also several species of pygmy hippo on the island of Madagascar (see Malagasy hippopotamus). Pygmy hippos share the same general form as a hippopotamus. They have a graviportal skeleton, with four stubby legs and four toes on each foot, supporting a portly frame. The
Saint Bathans mammal bat and several currently unclassified species, also existed. Saint Bathans mammal The Saint Bathans mammal is a currently unnamed extinct mammal from the Miocene of New Zealand. A member of the Saint Bathans Fauna, it is notable for being a late surviving "archaic" mammal species, neither a placental or marsupial, as well as for providing evidence that terrestrial mammals did in fact once live in Zealandia, in contrast with modern New Zealand, where bats are the only mammals in otherwise bird-dominated terrestrial faunas. The Saint Bathans mammal is currently represented by two specimens, MNZ S.40958 and MNZ S.42214, composed of