Abscissa and ordinate a parametric equation. Used in this way, the abscissa can be thought of as a coordinate-geometry analog to the independent variable in a mathematical model or experiment (with any ordinates filling a role analogous to dependent variables). Abscissa and ordinate In mathematics, the abscissa (; plural "abscissae" or "abscissæ" or "abscissas") and the ordinate are respectively the first and second coordinate of a point in a coordinate system. The abscissa of a point is the signed measure of its projection on the primary axis, whose absolute value is the distance between the projection and the origin of the axis, and
Graph minor apply this result constructively, it is necessary to know what the forbidden minors of the graph family are. In some cases, the forbidden minors are known, or can be computed. In the case where "H" is a fixed planar graph, then we can test in linear time in an input graph "G" whether "H" is a minor of "G". In cases where "H" is not fixed, faster algorithms are known in the case where "G" is planar. Graph minor In graph theory, an undirected graph "H" is called a minor of the graph "G" if "H" can be formed from