Drumlin were formed during the Wisconsin glaciation. Drumlins are found at Tiksi, Sakha Republic, Russia. Extensive drumlin fields are found in Patagonia, for example near Punta Arenas Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Airport and on Navarino and Gable Island in the Beagle Channel. In 2007, drumlins were observed to be forming beneath the ice of a West Antarctic ice stream. French River outburst floods: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7L2rnpWE3jA Drumlin A drumlin, from the Irish word "droimnín" ("littlest ridge"), first recorded in 1833, and in the classical sense is an elongated hill in the shape of an inverted spoon or half-buried egg formed by glacial ice
Glacial survival hypothesis Glacial survival hypothesis According to the northern cryptic glacial refugial hypothesis (or glacial survival hypothesis), during the last ice age cold tolerant plant and animal species (e.g. Norway spruce and Norwegian lemmings) persisted in ice-free microrefugia north of the Alps in Europe. The alternative hypothesis of no persistence and postglacial immigration of plants and animals from southern refugia in Europe (southern refugia paradigm) is sometimes also called the tabula rasa hypothesis. Over the past plants and animals have persisted through long periods of climate change including several glacial and interglacial periods. There is a long-standing debate on what happened to