Revolutions of 1848 immigration, especially from Germany. This, in turn, fuelled the nativist "Know Nothing" movement in the years preceding the American Civil War. The "Know Nothings" were opposed to Catholic immigration, especially immigration of German and Irish Catholics, and held Pope Pius IX responsible for the 1848 revolutions' failure. 1848 in Canada saw the establishment of responsible government in Nova Scotia and The Canadas, the first such governments in the British Empire outside of Great Britain itself. John Ralston Saul has argued that this development is tied to the revolutions in Europe, but described the Canadian approach to the revolutionary year of
Word of the year (Norway) April 2009, it was used more than 8,500 times during the rest of the year. "Pandemi" () was another notable word of the year. The words "tvitre" and "tvitring", which relate to the use of Twitter, were also mentioned as notable new words, as was "snikislamisering" (). "Askefast" () was named word of the year. The word refers to people who were unable to travel as planned because of the air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption. Other mentions as notable words were "app", "nettbrett" () and "lesebrett" (). "Rosetog" () was named word of the year. This referred