Kinetic Isotope Effects of RuBisCO carbon, oxygen, and/or hydrogen, though currently only a significant isotope effect is seen for carbon isotope substitution. Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but varying numbers of neutrons. "Lighter" isotopes (like the stable Carbon-12 isotope) have a smaller overall mass, and "heavier" isotopes (like the stable Carbon-13 isotope or radioactive Carbon-14 isotope) have a larger overall mass. Stable isotope geochemistry is concerned with how varying chemical and physical processes preferentially enrich or deplete stable isotopes. Enzymes like RuBisCO cause isotopic fractionation because molecules containing lighter isotopes have higher zero-point energies (ZPE), the lowest possible quantum energy
Index to Marine & Lacustrine Geological Samples JSP and an ArcIMS interface. Data selections can be downloaded in tab-delimited or shapefile form, depending on the interface used. Both WMS and WFS interfaces are also available. The Index was created in 1977 in response to a meeting of Curators of Marine Geological Samples, sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation. The Curators' group continues to meet every 2–3 years. Index to Marine & Lacustrine Geological Samples The Index to Marine & Lacustrine Geological Samples is a collaboration between twenty institutions and agencies that operate geological sample repositories. The purpose of the database is to help researchers locate sea