The Agnew Clinic exception of the patient. It largely repeats the subject of Eakins's earlier "The Gross Clinic" (1875), seen at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The painting echoes the subject and treatment of Rembrandt's famous "Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp" (1632) (in the Mauritshuis museum in The Hague, the Netherlands), and other earlier depictions of public surgery such as the frontispiece of Andreas Vesalius's "De humani corporis fabrica" (1543), the "Quack Physicians' Hall" ("c." 1730) by the Dutch artist Egbert van Heemskerck, and the fourth scene in William Hogarth's "The Four Stages of Cruelty" (1751). Students of the medical class of
Nicolaes Tulp the condition we know as migraine, the devastating effects of tobacco smoking on the lungs, and reveals an understanding of human psychology in a description of the placebo effect. Tulp also discovered the ileocecal valve at the junction of the large and small intestines, still known as Tulp's valve. While Tulp made observations of various diseases, treatment often continued in the age-old way. His description of the symptoms of Beriberi in a Dutch seaman, for example, went unnoticed until the cause (vitamin B1 deficiency) was recognized two hundred years later by Christiaan Eijkman. Partially as a result of the success