Gospel of Marcion this gospel to Luke the Evangelist as a fabrication, so he began what he saw as a restoration of the original gospel as given to Paul. Von Harnack wrote that: While it remains a minority hypothesis, Biblical scholars as varied as Johann Salomo Semler, Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, Albrecht Ritschl, John Knox (not to be confused), and Joseph B Tyson have posited that the Gospel of Luke was a later redaction of the Gospel of Marcion, rather than the other way around. In 2008, Matthias Klinghardt proposed a new solution to the synoptic problem involving the Gospel of Marcion, in which
Hebrew Gospel hypothesis (1915) in its article "Gospel of the Hebrews" noted that Nicholson cannot be said ...[to] have carried conviction to the minds of New Testament scholars." Rudolf Handmann (1888) proposed an Aramaic Gospel of the Hebrews but reasoned that this was not the Hebrew Matthew and there never was a Hebrew Ur-Matthew. James R. Edwards, in "The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the synoptic tradition" (2009), suggested that a lost Hebrew Ur-Matthew is the common source of both the Jewish-Christian Gospels and the unique L source material (material not sourced from Mark or Q) in the Gospel of Luke. A