The Bartered Bride A German-language version of the opera, "Die verkaufte Braut", was filmed in 1932 by Max Ophüls, the celebrated German director then at the beginning of his film-making career. The screenplay was drawn from Sabina's libretto by Curt Alexander, and Smetana's music was adapted by the German composer of film music, Theo Mackeben. The film starred the leading Czech opera singer Jarmila Novotná in the role of Mařenka ("Marie" in the film), and the German baritone Willi Domgraf-Fassbaender as Jeník ("Hans"). Ophuls constructed an entire Czech village in the studio to provide an authentic background. Following the film's US release in
Bride Trafficking in Haryana alleviate financial burdens associated with conventional marriage in favour of "dowry-free, no expenses" weddings offered by Haryanvi men. Those trafficked into marriage are bartered at prices based on their physicality such as health, age, beauty and virginity at prices ranging tom 5,000 rupees ($USD70) to 40,000 rupees ($USD600). Locals refer to the brides as "paro" or "molki" which are derogatory terms meaning "one who has a price." For the bride, marriage often means the end of their rights to bodily autonomy, freedom of movement and access to education as traditional gender roles require maintenance of the marital home and caregiving