Surface area Surface area The surface area of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with flat polygonal faces), for which the surface area is the sum of the areas of its faces. Smooth surfaces, such as a sphere, are assigned surface area using their representation as parametric surfaces. This definition of surface area is based on methods
Surface energy number of atoms at the surface and in the bulk of the solid. Calculating the surface formation energy of a crystalline solid In density functional theory, surface energy can be calculated from the following expression where formula_17 is the total energy of surface slab obtained using density functional theory. formula_18 is the number of atoms in the surface slab. formula_19 is the bulk energy per atom. formula_6 is the surface area. For a slab, we have two surfaces and they are of the same type, which is reflected by the number 2 in the denominator. To guarantee this, we need