Hatha yoga of self purification), 15 asana (postures: seated, laying down, and non-seated), pranayama (breathing) and kumbhaka (breath retention), mudras (internalized energetic practices), meditation, chakras (centers of energy), kundalini, nadanusandhana (concentration on inner sound), and other topics. "Hatha Yoga Pradipika" is the best known and most widely used Hatha yoga text. It consists of 389 "shlokas" (verses) in four chapters: Post-Hathapradipika texts on Hatha yoga include: Historically, Hatha yoga has been a broad movement across the Indian traditions, openly available to anyone. According to Mallinson, the Hatha yoga represented a trend towards the democratization of yoga insights and religion similar to the
Karma in Hinduism Although souls alone have the freedom and responsibility for their acts and thus reap the fruits of karma, i.e., good and evil karma, God as Vishnu, is the supreme Enforcer of karma, by acting as the Sanctioner (Anumanta) and the Overseer (Upadrasta). According to Ramanuja, all jivas are burdened with their load of Karma, which gives them only enjoyments and sufferings, but also desires and tendencies to act in particular ways; although the moral responsibility accrues only to the Jiva, as he acts according to the tendencies and deserts he has acquired by his karma, Ramanuja believes that God wills