Surface area representing a cell as an idealized sphere of radius "r", the volume and surface area are, respectively, "V" = 4/3 π "r"; "SA" = 4 π "r". The resulting surface area to volume ratio is therefore 3/"r". Thus, if a cell has a radius of 1 μm, the SA:V ratio is 3; whereas if the radius of the cell is instead 10 μm, then the SA:V ratio becomes 0.3. With a cell radius of 100, SA:V ratio is 0.03. Thus, the surface area falls off steeply with increasing volume. Surface area The surface area of a solid object is a
Vapor–liquid–solid method the metal droplet). More specifically, Δµ is the difference between the chemical potential of the depositing species (Si in the above example) in the vapor and solid whisker phase. Δµ is the initial difference proceeding whisker growth (when formula_7), while formula_8 is the atomic volume of Si and formula_9 the specific free energy of the wire surface. Examination of the above equation, indeed reveals that small diameters (formula_10100 nm) exhibit small driving forces for whisker growth while large wire diameters exhibit large driving forces. Involves the removal of material from metal-containing solid targets by irradiating the surface with high-powered (~100