Solid angle to the unit sphere with center P, which can be calculated as the surface integral: where formula_5 is the unit vector corresponding to formula_6, the position vector of an infinitesimal area of surface with respect to point P, and where formula_7 represents the unit normal vector to . Even if the projection on the unit sphere to the surface S is not isomorphic, the multiple folds are correctly considered according to the surface orientation described by the sign of the scalar product formula_8. Thus one can approximate the solid angle subtended by a small facet having flat surface area ,
Specific surface area well with the chemical reactivity of a powder. However, it fails to measure much of the deep surface texture. Specific surface area Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area of a material per unit of mass, (with units of m/kg or m/g) or solid or bulk volume (units of m/m or m). It is a derived scientific value that can be used to determine the type and properties of a material (e.g. soil or snow). It has a particular importance for adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, and reactions on surfaces. Values obtained for specific