Touch-move rule the player touches his rook at the same time as touching the king, he must castle with that rook if it is legal to do so. If the player completes a two-square king move without touching a rook, the player must move the correct rook accordingly if castling on that side is legal. Otherwise, the move must be withdrawn and another king move made. When a pawn is moved to its eighth , once the player takes his hand off the pawn, a different move of the pawn can no longer be substituted. However, the move is not complete until
Null-move heuristic of chess positions where employing the null-move heuristic can result in severe tactical blunders. In these "zugzwang" (German for "forced to move") positions, the player whose turn it is to move has only bad moves as their legal choices, and so would actually be better off if allowed to forfeit the right to move. In these positions, the null-move heuristic may produce a cutoff where a full search would not have found one, causing the program to assume the position is very good for a side when it may in fact be very bad for them. To avoid using the