Hatha yoga of self purification), 15 asana (postures: seated, laying down, and non-seated), pranayama (breathing) and kumbhaka (breath retention), mudras (internalized energetic practices), meditation, chakras (centers of energy), kundalini, nadanusandhana (concentration on inner sound), and other topics. "Hatha Yoga Pradipika" is the best known and most widely used Hatha yoga text. It consists of 389 "shlokas" (verses) in four chapters: Post-Hathapradipika texts on Hatha yoga include: Historically, Hatha yoga has been a broad movement across the Indian traditions, openly available to anyone. According to Mallinson, the Hatha yoga represented a trend towards the democratization of yoga insights and religion similar to the
Karma in Tibetan Buddhism the spiritual friend, then listen to teachings and reflect on them. When karmic obstacles arise, the student may generate confidence in karmic laws; regret past actions and the student may apply other appropriate remedies. Continuing harmful karma may lead to lower rebirth. Lessening past results with meritorious activity results in higher rebirths. Students achieving pure karma will be welcomed to go directly to liberation in any instant. Since harmful actions are rooted in negative emotions and these are rooted in the self belief, some realize no-self to believe and then end both karma and the emotions. Students may then attain