Marcel Duchamp the Broken Arm", followed soon after. His "Fountain", a urinal signed with the pseudonym "R. Mutt", shocked the art world in 1917. "Fountain" was selected in 2004 as "the most influential artwork of the 20th century" by 500 renowned artists and historians. In 1919, Duchamp made a parody of the "Mona Lisa" by adorning a cheap reproduction of the painting with a mustache and goatee. To this he added the inscription "L.H.O.O.Q.", a phonetic game which, when read out loud in French quickly sounds like ""Elle a chaud au cul"". This can be translated as "She has a hot ass,"
Marcel Duchamp included his first "machine" painting, "Coffee Mill (Moulin à café)" (1911), which he gave to his brother Raymond Duchamp-Villon. The later more figurative machine painting of 1914, "Chocolate Grinder" ("Broyeuse de chocolat"), prefigures the mechanism incorporated into the "Large Glass" on which he began work in New York the following year. Duchamp's first work to provoke significant controversy was "Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2" "(Nu descendant un escalier n° 2)" (1912). The painting depicts the mechanistic motion of a nude, with superimposed facets, similar to motion pictures. It shows elements of both the fragmentation and synthesis of the Cubists,