Coal upgrading technology upgraded brown coal can compete in the export market at comparable prices to black coal. With significant levels of brown coal mining occurring around the world, and mining levels increasing, the need for coal upgrading technologies has become more apparent. the technologies will help to address global environmental concern of rising emissions from the burning of brown coal and provide alternative fuel options to rapidly emerging economies such as Vietnam that face difficulty competing for black coal with China, India, Japan and other nations. Because of inherent high moisture content, all lignites need to be dried prior to combustion. Depending
J & A Brown South Wales. From that time the surviving member of the Brown family Stephen Brown served as a director in the new public company. In 1960, JABAS merged with Caledonian Collieries Limited to form Coal & Allied Industries Limited. After this merger, JABAS become the subsidiary company that carried out the mining operations of Coal & Allied until being renamed Coal & Allied Operations Pty Ltd in 1980. As of 2013, Coal & Allied Operations Pty Ltd is a subsidiary of Rio Tinto Coal Australia. J & A Brown J & A Brown was an privately owned Australian coal family firm