Cardiovascular disease long duration of sleep, have been found to be associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk. Untreated celiac disease can cause the development of many types of cardiovascular diseases, most of which improve or resolve with a gluten-free diet and intestinal healing. However, delays in recognition and diagnosis of celiac disease can cause irreversible heart damage. Cardiovascular disease affects low- and middle-income countries even more than high-income countries. There is relatively little information regarding social patterns of cardiovascular disease within low- and middle-income countries, but within high-income countries low income and low educational status are consistently associated with greater risk of
Burrill Bernard Crohn that it was caused by the same pathogen, a bacterium called "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis" (MAP), responsible for the similar condition that afflicts cattle called Johne's disease. However, he was unable to isolate the pathogen—most likely because "M. paratuberculosis" sheds its cellular wall in humans and takes the form of a spheroplast, making it virtually undetectable under an optical microscope. This theory has resurfaced in recent years, and has been lent more credence with the arrival of more sophisticated methods of identifying MAP bacteria. Crohn noted that it can be difficult for physicians to correctly differentiate neuroses from diseases of the organs.