Nephrite Greek "λίθος νεφριτικός"; "νεφρός λίθος", which means 'kidney stone' and is the Latin and Greek version of the Spanish "piedra de ijada" (the origin of "jade" and "jadeite"). Accordingly, nephrite jade was once believed to be a cure for kidney stones. Besides the terms already mentioned, nephrite has the following synonyms and varieties: "aotea", "axe-stone", "B.C. jade", "beilstein", "kidney stone", "lapis nephriticus", "nephrit", "nephrita", pounamu, "New Zealand greenstone", "New Zealand jade", "spinach jade" (dark grayish green), and "talcum nephriticus". "Tomb jade" or "grave jade" are names given to ancient burial nephrite pieces that have a brown or chalky white texture
Ornamental turning intervals around the work (so producing grooves or bumps on the surface) to non-circular movements whereby the whole of the circular shape is removed to give a completely different form. Such shapes are achieved by various means, the principal ones being: Ornamental turning is believed to have originated in Bavaria in the latter part of the 15th century when it consisted mostly of rose-work, being done by using a cam or template (called a rosette) mounted on the lathe spindle and allowing the headstock to rock under tension of a spring or weight, to follow the contour on the edge