Jnana yoga Yoga to attain moksha. It consists of fourfold attitudes, or behavioral qualifications: "Jnanayoga" for Advaitins consists of three practices: "sravana" (hearing), "manana" (thinking) and "nididhyasana" (meditation). This three-step methodology is rooted in the teachings of chapter 4 of the "Brihadaranyaka Upanishad": These practices, with the help of a guru are believed to lead to correct knowledge, which destroys "avidya", psychological and perceptual errors related to Atman and Brahman. Both the theistic and monistic streams of Shaivism include "jnana yoga" ideas, along with those related to "karma yoga", and in the case of Saiva Siddhanta ideas related to "bhakti yoga". The
Karma in the current life, as well as the nature and quality of future lives - one's "saṃsāra". "Karma" is the executed "deed", "work", "action", or "act", and it is also the "object", the "intent". Wilhelm Halbfass explains karma (karman) by contrasting it with another Sanskrit word "kriya". The word "kriya" is the activity along with the steps and effort in action, while "karma" is (1) the executed action as a consequence of that activity, as well as (2) the intention of the actor behind an executed action or a planned action (described by some scholars as metaphysical residue left in