England–Wales border after Harold's death at the Battle of Hastings, Wales was again divided without a leader to resist the Normans. Immediately after the Norman conquest of England, King William installed one of his most trusted confidants, William FitzOsbern, as Earl of Hereford. By 1071 he had started the building of Chepstow Castle, the first castle in Britain built of stone, near the mouth of the Wye. It served as a base from which the Normans continued to expand westward into south Wales, establishing a castle at Caerleon and extinguishing the Welsh kingdom of Gwent. William also installed Roger de Montgomerie at
Aspen Institute Wye River Conference Centers facility to house the Institute for Information Studies, a joint program of Northern Telecom Ltd. (later Nortel Networks) and the Aspen Institute. The Institute convened executives in business, academia, government and the non-profit sector to explore the impacts of technology on society. Aspen Institute Wye River Conference Centers The Aspen Institute Wye River Conference Centers consists of acres overlooking the Wye River on Maryland's Eastern Shore. The site, parts of which were once known as the Wye River Plantation, was donated by Mr. and Mrs. Arthur A. Houghton, Jr. in 1979. William Paca, a signer of the Declaration of Independence