Kalmyk deportations of 1943 originally nomadic shepherds of Dzungaria. They speak a West Mongolian language, an Altaic language. They practice Lamaism, a form of Buddhism practiced also in Tibet. In the 1630s, several Oirat tribes migrated westwards and settled along the Volga river. They were consolidated into a new ethnic group, the Kalmyks. While a part of their group went back to Dzungaria, others stayed and recognized the authority of the Russian Empire by the 18th century. During the Russian Civil War, a majority of Kalmyks actively participated in anti-communist Russian armies. When the Bolsheviks ultimately took power, numerous anti-communist people emigrated from Russia
Won Buddhism a form of Buddhism. The name "Won Buddhism" comes from the Korean words 원/圓 "won" ("circle") and 불교/佛敎 "bulgyo" ("Buddhism"), literally meaning "Round Buddhism" or "Consummate Buddhism." By "consummate," Won Buddhists mean that they incorporate several different schools of Buddhist thought into their doctrine; that is, where some schools focus only on practicing meditation ("samādhi"), some schools devote themselves fully to studying scriptures ("prajñā"), and still others practice only their school's precepts ("śīla"), Won Buddhism believes in incorporating all three into daily practice. According to Won Buddhist sources, Bak Jungbin (, , 1891–1943, aka Sotaesan) attained bodhi in 1916 and