Not proven sufficient for the verdict ""guilty"", which has replaced the older verdict ""proven"". Approximately one third of all acquittal verdicts by Scottish juries use the formulation "Not proven"; the others use "Not guilty". The verdict ""Not proven"" also is available for judges in the summary procedure, and is employed in about a fifth of the "summary" acquittals. The proportion of "Not proven" acquittals in general is higher in the more severe cases; but so then are the proportion of acquittals "versus" convictions. This might have many different reasons, e.g., that in average it might be factually more complicated to establish guilt
Presumed Guilty: When Cops Get It Wrong and Courts Seal the Deal in 2005. The most recent case cited is the 2007 murder of Corryn Veronica Ann Rayney in 2007 where the victim’s husband Lloyd Rayney was charged and tried for her murder. In an exception to the other cases examined, Lloyd Rayney was found not guilty in 2012, and the verdict upheld on appeal in 2013. Part 2 is an examination of what went wrong and why with police investigations, the decisions to arrest and charge alleged perpetrators and the subsequent court hearings and jury verdicts. The author documents the historical, evidential, procedural and cognitive problems encountered by the criminal justice