Karma in Hinduism of their past lives and that one would have to transmigrate to another body in their next life, it is often used in the broader sense as action or reaction. Thus, karma in Hinduism may mean an activity, an action or a materialistic activity. Often with the specific combination it takes specific meanings, such as "karma-yoga" or "karma-kanda" means "yoga or actions" and "path of materialistic activity" respectively. Yet another example is Nitya karma, which describes rituals which have to be performed daily by Hindus, such as the Sandhyavandanam which involves chanting of the Gayatri Mantra. Other uses include such
Karma in Jainism propagators of Jainism and the 24th ' (ford-maker), had to bear the brunt of his previous karma before attaining "kevala jñāna" (enlightenment). He attained it only after bearing twelve years of severe austerity with detachment. The "" speaks of how Māhavīra bore his karma with complete equanimity, as follows: Karma forms a central and fundamental part of Jain faith, being intricately connected to other of its philosophical concepts like transmigration, reincarnation, liberation, non-violence ("ahiṃsā") and non-attachment, among others. Actions are seen to have consequences: some immediate, some delayed, even into future incarnations. So the doctrine of karma is not considered