History of Christianity defeating them at the Battle of Manzikert. Emperor Alexius I asked for aid from Pope Urban II (1088–1099) for help against Islamic aggression. He probably expected money from the pope for the hiring of mercenaries. Instead, Urban II called upon the knights of Christendom in a speech made at the Council of Clermont on 27 November 1095, combining the idea of pilgrimage to the Holy Land with that of waging a holy war against infidels. The First Crusade captured Antioch in 1099 and then Jerusalem. The Second Crusade occurred in 1145 when Edessa was retaken by Islamic forces. Jerusalem would
Simon II of Clermont less independently, e.g. Château de Clermont in Loire-Atlantique, Isère and Haute-Savoie, and some that have been destroyed. See also List of châteaux in Picardy. " This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia." " This article incorporates information from the Dutch Wikipedia." Simon II of Clermont Simon II of Clermont-Nesle (c. 1210 – 1285/86) was Seigneur (Lord) of Ailly, Maulette and Nesle (in Picardy) . Note that there is a great confusion of names and titles within this family and with people with the same or similar names, as with many other medieval lords because of contradictory and incomplete documents.