Platonic solid to that of a sphere of the same size (i.e. either the same surface area or the same volume.) The dodecahedron, on the other hand, has the smallest angular defect, the largest vertex solid angle, and it fills out its circumscribed sphere the most. Every polyhedron has a dual (or "polar") polyhedron with faces and vertices interchanged. The dual of every Platonic solid is another Platonic solid, so that we can arrange the five solids into dual pairs. If a polyhedron has Schläfli symbol {"p", "q"}, then its dual has the symbol {"q", "p"}. Indeed, every combinatorial property of one
Vapor–liquid–solid method the metal droplet). More specifically, Δµ is the difference between the chemical potential of the depositing species (Si in the above example) in the vapor and solid whisker phase. Δµ is the initial difference proceeding whisker growth (when formula_7), while formula_8 is the atomic volume of Si and formula_9 the specific free energy of the wire surface. Examination of the above equation, indeed reveals that small diameters (formula_10100 nm) exhibit small driving forces for whisker growth while large wire diameters exhibit large driving forces. Involves the removal of material from metal-containing solid targets by irradiating the surface with high-powered (~100