Ore genesis with igneous rocks. The world's major copper deposits are formed within the granitic porphyry copper style. Copper is enriched by processes during crystallisation of the granite and forms as chalcopyrite — a sulfide mineral, which is carried up with the granite. Sometimes granites erupt to surface as volcanoes, and copper mineralisation forms during this phase when the granite and volcanic rocks cool via hydrothermal circulation. Sedimentary copper forms within ocean basins in sedimentary rocks. Generally this forms by brine from deeply buried sediments discharging into the deep sea, and precipitating copper and often lead and zinc sulfides directly onto the
Ore extension which means that "δ" is a homomorphism of abelian groups satisfying Then the Ore extension "R"["x";"σ","δ"], also called a skew polynomial ring, is the noncommutative ring obtained by giving the ring of polynomials "R"["x"] a new multiplication, subject to the identity If "δ" = 0 (i.e., is the zero map) then the Ore extension is denoted "R"["x"; "σ"]. If "σ" = 1 (i.e., the identity map) then the Ore extension is denoted "R"["x","δ"] and is called a differential polynomial ring. The Weyl algebras are Ore extensions, with "R" any commutative polynomial ring, "σ" the identity ring endomorphism, and "δ" the