Lithosphere plastic deformation. The concept of the lithosphere as Earth’s strong outer layer was described by A.E.H. Love in his 1911 monograph "Some problems of Geodynamics" and further developed by Joseph Barrell, who wrote a series of papers about the concept and introduced the term "lithosphere". The concept was based on the presence of significant gravity anomalies over continental crust, from which he inferred that there must exist a strong, solid upper layer (which he called the lithosphere) above a weaker layer which could flow (which he called the asthenosphere). These ideas were expanded by Reginald Aldworth Daly in 1940 with
Iced Earth introduced the Something Wicked Saga, which was later expanded upon on 2007's "", and 2008's "". Iced Earth have also released several albums written around a theme. 2001's "Horror Show" was largely based on horror literature and films, 2004's "The Glorious Burden" was inspired by history and war, while 2011's "Dystopia" centered around dystopian themes in literature and film. Iced Earth Iced Earth is an American heavy metal band from Tampa, Florida. It was formed in 1984 under the name The Rose, then Purgatory by guitarist and main songwriter Jon Schaffer and original drummer Greg Seymour. Iced Earth released their