Metamorphic rock the foliation is called "gneissosity"), granoblastic (includes granulite, some marbles and quartzite), and hornfelsic (includes hornfels and skarn). Metamorphic rock Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form". The original rock (protolith) is subjected to heat (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressure ( or more), causing profound physical or chemical change. The protolith may be a sedimentary, igneous, or existing metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the Earth's crust and form 12% of the Earth's land surface. They are classified by
Marine heat exchangers temperature and pressure constraints of the rubber used to make the gaskets plate type heat exchangers are used for low pressure, low temperature applications, under 290 psig and 300 degrees Fahrenheit. Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of a tube bundle which is placed inside the larger shell. Due to this design these exchanger require twice the footprint of the heat exchanger in order to perform maintenance. Depending on the amount of cooling needed, shell and tube heat exchangers can be built in single or double pass configuration. The number of pass refers to the number of times the fluid