Black coal equivalent to around 5800 kcal/kg; and creating a ‘densified coal’ product that is hydrophobic, no longer prone to spontaneous combustion, and readily transportable. The performance characteristics of black coal equivalent densified coal derived from brown coal is benchmarked against the comparative burning properties of black coal mined and exported from mining regions in Tarong, Queensland and Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Black coal sourced from Tarong and Newcastle constitute the bulk of black coal currently exported by Australia. Black coal equivalent has become an attractive option to coal importers from countries with no or few reserves of domestic of black coal.
Electro Scientific Industries to MKS Instruments, Inc. The deal was expected to close in the first quarter of 2019. ESI was founded in 1944 as Brown Engineering, later becoming Brown Electro-Measurement Corporation (BECO). In 1953, BECO's Douglas C. Strain and three other investors bought out Strain's partners at Brown and formed a new company, Electro-Measurements Inc., which used the brand name "ESI" in marketing. The acronym stood for "excellent scientific instruments", but the company's name remained Electro Measurements Inc. until 1959, when it was changed to "ESI, Inc." and finally in 1960 to Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. (ESI). Prior to about 2000, the