Surface area Surface area The surface area of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with flat polygonal faces), for which the surface area is the sum of the areas of its faces. Smooth surfaces, such as a sphere, are assigned surface area using their representation as parametric surfaces. This definition of surface area is based on methods
Einstein solid Walther Nernst learned of Einstein's 1906 paper on specific heat, he was so excited that he traveled all the way from Berlin to Zürich to meet with him. The heat capacity of an object at constant volume "V" is defined through the internal energy "U" as formula_3, the temperature of the system, can be found from the entropy To find the entropy consider a solid made of formula_5 atoms, each of which has 3 degrees of freedom. So there are formula_6 quantum harmonic oscillators (hereafter SHOs for "Simple Harmonic Oscillators"). Possible energies of an SHO are given by or, in