Belief of religious thought, "belief-that" instead belonged to epistemological considerations. To "believe in" someone or something is a distinct concept from "believing-that." There are at least these types of belief-in: Economic beliefs are beliefs which are reasonably and necessarily contrary to the tenet of rational choice or instrumental rationality. Studies of the Austrian tradition of the economic thought, in the context of analysis of the influence and subsequent degree of change resulting from existing economic knowledge and belief, has contributed the most to the subsequent holistic collective analysis. Insofar as the truth of belief is expressed in sentential and propositional form
Principle of individuation that individuation happens by the quantity in the matter. Duns Scotus held that individuation comes from the numerical determination of form and matter whereby they become "this" form and "this" matter. Individuation is distinguished from a nature by means of a formal distinction on the side of the thing. Later followers of Scotus called this principle haecceity or 'thisness'. The nominalist philosopher William of Ockham (1287–1347) regarded the principle as unnecessary and indeed meaningless, since there are no realities independent of individual things. An individual is distinct of itself, not multiplied in a species, since species are not real (they