Not proven sufficient for the verdict ""guilty"", which has replaced the older verdict ""proven"". Approximately one third of all acquittal verdicts by Scottish juries use the formulation "Not proven"; the others use "Not guilty". The verdict ""Not proven"" also is available for judges in the summary procedure, and is employed in about a fifth of the "summary" acquittals. The proportion of "Not proven" acquittals in general is higher in the more severe cases; but so then are the proportion of acquittals "versus" convictions. This might have many different reasons, e.g., that in average it might be factually more complicated to establish guilt
Criminal law in the Marshall Court courts combined). Between 1801 and 1828, a total of 2,718 criminal indictments were returned in the circuit courts: 596 resulted in guilty verdicts by juries; 479, not guilty verdicts by juries; 902, nolle prosequi; and 741, other (either no disposition recorded, abated, quashed, discharged, discontinued, or prison break). Prior to Chief Justice Marshall's tenure, the Supreme Court had heard only two criminal cases—both by prerogative writ. First, in "United States v. Hamilton" (1795), the Court granted bail to a capital defendant charged with treason—as it was authorized to do by § 33 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 and §