Lithosphere 50–140 km thick (but beneath the mid-ocean ridges is no thicker than the crust), while continental lithosphere has a range in thickness from about 40 km to perhaps 280 km; the upper ~30 to ~50 km of typical continental lithosphere is crust. The mantle part of the lithosphere consists largely of peridotite. The crust is distinguished from the upper mantle by the change in chemical composition that takes place at the Moho discontinuity. Oceanic lithosphere consists mainly of mafic crust and ultramafic mantle (peridotite) and is denser than continental lithosphere, for which the mantle is associated with crust made of
The Litany of Earth The Litany of Earth The Litany of Earth is a 2014 fantasy/horror fiction novella by Ruthanna Emrys, revisiting H.P. Lovecraft's story "The Shadow Over Innsmouth". It was first published on Tor.com. Decades after the residents of Innsmouth were forced into internment camps by the United States government, Aphra Marsh discovers humans trying to replicate her people's secret mystical rituals. "Litany of Earth" was included on "Locus Magazine"s recommended reading list for 2014. Charlie Jane Anders stated that the story was "something special". An analysis by Io9 indicated that, if not for the involvement of the Sad Puppies, "Litany of Earth"