Ozone layer an altitude of 100 kilometers from the planet's surface. The photochemical mechanisms that give rise to the ozone layer were discovered by the British physicist Sydney Chapman in 1930. Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen); the atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O to create ozone, O. The ozone molecule is unstable (although, in the stratosphere, long-lived) and when ultraviolet light hits ozone it splits into a molecule of O and an individual atom of oxygen, a continuing process
Layer by Layer there are many variant techniques for the final layer, depending on whether the corner or edge pieces are solved first. The CFOP speedcubing technique, developed by Jessica Fridrich and others in the 1980s, similarly divides the puzzle into layers to be solved. However the method uses far more algorithms and shortcuts than the beginners' methods. Layer by Layer The Layer by Layer method is a method of solving the 3x3x3 Rubik's Cube. Many beginners' methods use this approach, but it also forms the basis of the CFOP speedcubing technique. The Layer by Layer Method was pioneered by David Singmaster in