Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. In 1804, he had founded the Austrian Empire and became Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria, ruling from 1804 to 1835, so later he was named the one and only "Doppelkaiser" (double emperor) in history. For the two years between
John N. Irwin II John N. Irwin II John Nichol Irwin II (December 31, 1913 – February 28, 2000) was a United States diplomat and attorney during the Cold War. During World War II, he served in the Army in the Pacific as a member of General Douglas MacArthur's staff and reached the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was born on December 31, 1913 in Keokuk, Iowa. He was the last person to hold the position of Under Secretary of State when that was the U.S. State Department's second-ranking office (1970-1972). Then, he was the first person to hold the office that replaced Under