Gospel of Marcion this gospel to Luke the Evangelist as a fabrication, so he began what he saw as a restoration of the original gospel as given to Paul. Von Harnack wrote that: While it remains a minority hypothesis, Biblical scholars as varied as Johann Salomo Semler, Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, Albrecht Ritschl, John Knox (not to be confused), and Joseph B Tyson have posited that the Gospel of Luke was a later redaction of the Gospel of Marcion, rather than the other way around. In 2008, Matthias Klinghardt proposed a new solution to the synoptic problem involving the Gospel of Marcion, in which
Gospel of the Nazarenes his "Commentary on Matthew", Jerome refers to the "Gospel of the Nazarenes" and the "Gospel of the Hebrews". Epiphanius is of the same opinion; he states in his "Panarion" that Matthew alone expounded and declared the gospel in Hebrew among the New Testament writers: "For in truth, Matthew alone of the New Testament writers expounded and declared the Gospel in Hebrew using Hebrew script." ("Panarion" 30.3.7) Origen adds to this by stating that, among the four gospels, Matthew, the one-time tax collector who later became an apostle of Jesus Christ, first composed the gospel for the converts from Judaism, published