Earth science is known as plate tectonics. Plate tectonics might be thought of as the process by which the Earth is resurfaced. As the result of seafloor spreading, new crust and lithosphere is created by the flow of magma from the mantle to the near surface, through fissures, where it cools and solidifies. Through subduction, oceanic crust and lithosphere returns to the convecting mantle. Areas of the crust where new crust is created are called "divergent boundaries", those where it is brought back into the Earth are "convergent boundaries" and those where plates slide past each other, but no new lithospheric material
The Litany of Earth The Litany of Earth The Litany of Earth is a 2014 fantasy/horror fiction novella by Ruthanna Emrys, revisiting H.P. Lovecraft's story "The Shadow Over Innsmouth". It was first published on Tor.com. Decades after the residents of Innsmouth were forced into internment camps by the United States government, Aphra Marsh discovers humans trying to replicate her people's secret mystical rituals. "Litany of Earth" was included on "Locus Magazine"s recommended reading list for 2014. Charlie Jane Anders stated that the story was "something special". An analysis by Io9 indicated that, if not for the involvement of the Sad Puppies, "Litany of Earth"