Solid angle surface area of a spherical cap is always equal to the area of a circle whose radius equals the distance from the rim of the spherical cap to the point where the cap's axis of symmetry intersects the cap. In the diagram this radius is given as: Hence for a unit sphere the solid angle of the spherical cap is given as: When = , the spherical cap becomes a hemisphere having a solid angle 2. The solid angle of the complement of the cone (picture a melon with the cone cut out) is clearly: This is also the solid
Volume as volume divided by mass. Specific volume is a concept important in thermodynamics where the volume of a working fluid is often an important parameter of a system being studied. The volumetric flow rate in fluid dynamics is the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time (for example cubic meters per second [m s]). In calculus, a branch of mathematics, the volume of a region "D" in R is given by a triple integral of the constant function formula_1 and is usually written as: The volume integral in cylindrical coordinates is and the volume integral