BCG vaccine fine powder. Sometimes the powder is sealed with vacuum in a glass ampoule. Such a glass ampoule has to be opened slowly to prevent the airflow from blowing out the powder. Then the powder has to be diluted with saline water before injecting. The history of BCG is tied to that of smallpox. Jean Antoine Villemin first recognized bovine tuberculosis in 1854 and transmitted it, and Robert Koch first distinguished "Mycobacterium bovis" from "Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Following the success of vaccination in preventing smallpox, established during the 18th century, scientists thought to find a corollary in tuberculosis by drawing a parallel
Abell 1201 BCG s within 5 kpc rising to 360 km s at 20 kpc distance. The BCG also acts as a gravitational lens, bending the light of a more distant background galaxy (at redshift 0.451) into an apparent tangential arc about 6 kpc to one side. This makes the galaxy an important case in investigations of the intrinsic properties of dark matter. Detailed models of the lens mass distribution, starlight and stellar kinematics indicates that the galaxy cluster's dark halo has a shallow inner density gradient and perhaps a soft dark matter core. At face value, this is incompatible with the dark