Riksdag Swedish king Gustav I Vasa to include representatives from all the four social estates: the nobility, the clergy, the burghers (property-owning commoners in the towns such as merchants etc.), and the yeomanry (freehold farmers). This form of "Ständestaat" representation lasted until 1865, when representation by estate was abolished and the modern bicameral parliament established. Effectively, however, it did not become a parliament in the modern sense until parliamentary principles were established in the political system in Sweden, in 1917. On 22 June 1866, the Riksdag decided to reconstitute itself as a bicameral legislature, consisting of "Första kammaren" or the First
S. S. Ahluwalia S. S. Ahluwalia Surendrajeet Singh Ahluwalia (born 4 July 1951) is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and is its National Vice President. A Union Minister of State in the Government of India, he is the member of Parliament of India representing Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency in West Bengal in the 16th Lok Sabha. Previously he was a Member of Parliament representing Bihar and Jharkhand in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament, over several terms, 1986–1992, 1992–1998, 2000–2006, and 2006–2012. He was earlier a member of the Indian National Congress. He was elected