1300–1400 in European fashion this period, the most dignified figures, like King Charles in the illustration, continue to wear long overgowns—although as the Royal Chamberlain, de Vaudetar was himself a person of very high rank. This abandonment of the gown to emphasise a tight top over the torso, with breeches or trousers below, was to become the distinctive feature of European men's fashion for centuries to come. Men had carried purses up to this time because tunics did not provide pockets. The funeral effigy and "achievements" of Edward, the Black Prince in Canterbury Cathedral, who died in 1376, show the military version of the
Owain ap Dyfnwal (died 1015) Brian's Scandinavian forces—perhaps commanded by Sitriuc mac Amlaíb, King of Dublin (died 1042)—campaigned against various Cumbrian-controlled territories, and either the English population of Lothian or the western coast of Northumbria. Just the year before, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (died 1034) succeeded a kinsman to become King of Alba. The twelfth-century pseudo-prophetic "Prophecy of Berchán" describes this monarch an "enemy of Britons", and within the same passage seems to refer to military actions against the islands of Islay and Arran. This source, therefore, may refer to events related to Brian's apparent overseas operations. It could also be evidence of competition in