Dick Grayson Nightwing, he continues to lead the Teen Titans and later the Outsiders. In the first volume of his eponymous series (1996–2009), he becomes the protector of Blüdhaven, Gotham's economically troubled neighboring city, the locale the character is most closely associated with. He has also been depicted as protecting the streets of New York, Chicago, and Gotham City over the years. Dick Grayson has taken on the identity of Batman on a few occasions. In the aftermath of "", Grayson initially declines taking up the mantle of Batman while the original was recovering from a broken back as he feels Nightwing
Dick Grayson team of Batman and Robin is the focus of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely's "Batman and Robin" series. Their dynamic reverses the classic dynamic of Bruce and Dick, by having a lighter and friendlier Batman paired with a more intense and dark Robin. Over time, Dick's experience as the Dark Knight would harden his personality as his mentor. During this period, Dick Grayson as Batman also features as a member of the Justice League in a short-lived run by writer James Robinson. After an intense confrontation with the Club of Villains and the mysterious Doctor Simon Hurt (who has established