Ricin immunogenic in mice, rabbits, and humans. It has completed two successful clinical trials. Ricin has been involved in a number of incidents. In 1978, the Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov was assassinated by Bulgarian secret police who surreptitiously shot him on a London street with a modified umbrella using compressed gas to fire a tiny pellet contaminated with ricin into his leg. He died in a hospital a few days later and his body was passed to a special poison branch of the British Ministry of Defence (MOD) that discovered the pellet during an autopsy. The prime suspects were the Bulgarian
Umbrella (newsletter) Umbrella (newsletter) Umbrella was an art newsletter or informal magazine that ran for three decades, from 1978 to 2008. Its focus was on artist's books and related media, and it has been credited as an important factor in the emergence and visibility of artist's books from Southern California. "Umbrella" was founded by curator Judith Hoffberg in 1978, and she remained its editor for the duration of its existence. Appearing irregularly, between 2 and 6 times a year, "Umbrella" focused on artist's books and related printed matter such as mail art, Xerox art, and photobooks. Hoffberg had a particular interest in