Ornithothoraces Ornithothoraces Ornithothoraces is a group of avialans that includes all enantiornithes ("opposite birds") and the euornithes ("true birds"), which includes modern birds and their closest ancestors. The name Ornithothoraces means "bird thoraxes". This refers to the modern, highly advanced anatomy of the thorax that gave the ornithothoracines superior flight capability compared with more primitive avialans. This anatomy includes a large, keeled breastbone, elongated coracoids and a modified glenoid joint in the shoulder, and a semi-rigid rib cage. The earliest known members of the group are the enantiornitheans "Protopteryx fengningensis", "Eopengornis martini", and "Cruralispennia multidonta", as well as the euornithine "Archaeornithura
Computational anatomy to D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson's developments On Growth and Form which has led to scientific explanations of morphogenesis, the process by which patterns are formed in Biology. Albrecht Durer's Four Books on Human Proportion were arguably the earliest works on Computational anatomy. The efforts of Noam Chomsky in his pioneering of Computational Linguistics inspired the original formulation of Computational anatomy as a generative model of shape and form from exemplars acted upon via transformations. Due to the availability of dense 3D measurements via technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Computational anatomy has emerged as a subfield of medical imaging and