Chairman of the State Duma the State Duma is also a member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. Current Chairman Vyacheslav Volodin was elected October 5, 2016. According to the 101st article of the Russian Constitution and the Regulations of the State Duma, the Chairman is elected from among its members by secret ballot, using ballot papers of the candidates who have the right to nominate deputy associations and deputies. State Duma may decide to hold an open vote. 29 December 2003: 24 December 2007: 21 December 2011. Vote was held separately for each of the candidates.: 5 October 2016: According to Article
Duma they constituted only a third of the duma. Under the reign of Alexander II, several reforms were enacted during the 1860s and 1870s. These included the creation of local political bodies known as zemstvoes. All owners of houses, tax-paying merchants and workmen are enrolled on lists in a descending order according to their assessed wealth. The total valuation is then divided into three equal parts, representing three groups of electors very unequal in number, each of which elects an equal number of delegates to the municipal duma. The executive is in the hands of an elective mayor and an "uprava",