Alexis de Tocqueville Institution it called "hybrid" source models, in which true open source code is mixed with proprietary code, with the result that intellectual property rights are nullified. To illustrate potential problems with this approach, the book cited the case of Linus Torvalds, creator of Linux. It claimed Torvalds used source code taken from Minix, a small Unix-like operating system used in teaching computer science, to create Linux 0.01, on the theory that no mere student could write an entire Unix-like kernel single-handedly — although writing a kernel of similar size and capabilities is a standard part of many computer science degrees. These
GEOS (8-bit operating system) fully reverse-engineered and rewritten as C for the cc65 compiler suite. The reverse-engineered source code has been made available at Github. Dozens of official and third-party applications and other products were produced for GEOS. Among the most important and popular were the following: GEOS (8-bit operating system) GEOS ("Graphic Environment Operating System") is a discontinued operating system from Berkeley Softworks (later GeoWorks). Originally designed for the Commodore 64 and released in 1986, it provides a graphical user interface for this popular 8-bit computer. GEOS closely resembles early versions of the classic Mac OS and includes a graphical word processor (geoWrite)