A Clockwork Orange (novel) Kubrick, starring Malcolm McDowell as Alex. A 1965 film by Andy Warhol entitled "Vinyl" was an adaptation of Burgess's novel. In 1987 Burgess published a stage play titled "A Clockwork Orange: A Play with Music". The play includes songs, written by Burgess, which are inspired by Beethoven and Nadsat slang. In 1988, a German adaptation of "A Clockwork Orange" at the intimate theatre of Bad Godesberg featured a musical score by the German punk rock band Die Toten Hosen which, combined with orchestral clips of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony and "other dirty melodies" (so stated by the subtitle), was released on
A Clockwork Orange (film) and Clyde" (1967), "Night of the Living Dead" (1968), "The Wild Bunch" (1969), "Soldier Blue" (1970), "Dirty Harry" (1971), and "Straw Dogs" (1971), the film is considered a landmark in the relaxation of control on violence in the cinema. "A Clockwork Orange" remains an influential work in cinema and other media. The film is frequently referenced in popular culture, which Adam Chandler of "The Atlantic" attributes to Kubrick's "genre-less" directing techniques that brought novel innovation in filming, music, and production that had not been seen at the time of the film's original release. "A Clockwork Orange" appears several times on