Pillar of the Boatmen "(publice posierunt)" by the guild of sailors of Lutetia, from the "civitas" of the Parisii "(nautae Parisiaci)". These sailors would have been merchants who travelled along the Seine. The main dedication is to Jupiter in the form of "Iovis Optimus Maximus" ("Jove Best and Greatest"). The names of the emperor and the supreme deity appear in the dative case as the recipients of the dedication. The remaining theonyms are nominative legends that accompany individual depictions of the gods. These are (in the order they appear below) Jove, Tarvos Trigaranos (the Bull with three Cranes), Volcanus (Vulcan), Esus, Cernunnos, Castor, Smertrios,
Homosexuality in ancient Rome discreet or more open: male concubines sometimes attended dinner parties with the man whose companion they were. Martial even suggests that a prized "concubinus" might pass from father to son as an especially coveted inheritance. A military officer on campaign might be accompanied by a "concubinus". Like the catamite or "puer delicatus", the role of the concubine was regularly compared to that of Ganymede, the Trojan prince abducted by Jove (Greek Zeus) to serve as his cupbearer. The "concubina", a female concubine who might be free, held a protected legal status under Roman law, but the "concubinus" did not, since