Florin Florentine lire. The values of other countries' money continually varied against each other, reinforcing the florin's utility as a common measure of value for foreign exchange transactions. The word florin was borrowed in many other countries: for example, the Dutch guilder (abbreviated to Fl), as well as the coin first issued in 1344 by Edward III of England – then valued at six shillings, composed of 108 grains (6.99828 grams) of gold with a purity of 23 carats and 3 grains (or 23 carats) – and more recently relating to a British pre-decimal silver coin (later nickel silver) also known
Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity The Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity () also variously known as the Epistles of the Brethren of Sincerity, Epistles of the Brethren of Purity and Epistles of the Brethren of Purity and Loyal Friends was a large encyclopedia in 52 treatises ("rasā'il") written by the mysterious Brethren of Purity of Basra, Iraq sometime in the second half of the 10th century CE (or possibly later, in the 11th century). It had a great influence on later intellectual leading lights of the Muslim world, such as Ibn Arabi, and was transmitted as far abroad