Duma (epic) Duma (epic) A Duma (, plural "dumy") is a sung epic poem which originated in Ukraine during the Hetmanate Era in the sixteenth century (possibly based on earlier Kievan epic forms). Historically, dumy were performed by itinerant Cossack bards called kobzari, who accompanied themselves on a kobza or a torban, but after the abolition of Hetmanate by the Empress Catherine of Russia the epic singing became the domain of blind itinerant musicians who retained the kobzar appellation and accompanied their singing by playing a bandura (rarely a kobza) or a relya/lira (a Ukrainian variety of hurdy-gurdy). Dumas are sung in
2009 Moscow City Duma election 2009 Moscow City Duma election The Moscow legislative election of 2009 was held October 11 of that year to the Moscow City Duma. On party lists were elected 18 of the 35 deputies, 17 deputies were in single-member constituencies. To get into the City Duma parties need to overcome the 7% thereshold. The term of office of the new City Duma is five years. It had been four years. On July 8, 2009, the Moscow City Duma elections were announced for October 11. 4 August 2009 issued Decree of the Government of Moscow on the organizational and logistical election to