Atriplex are C-plants, with a characteristic leaf anatomy (kranz anatomy). The genus "Atriplex" is distributed nearly worldwide from subtropical to temperate and to subarctic regions. Most species-rich are Australia, North America, South America and Eurasia. Many species are halophytes and are adapted to dry environments with salty soils. The genus evolved in Middle Miocene, the C-photosynthesis pathway developed about 14.1-10.9 million years ago, when the climate became increasingly dry. The genus diversified rapidly and spread over the continents. The C"Atriplex" colonized North America probably from Eurasia during the Middle/Late Miocene, about 9.8-8.8 million years ago, and later spread to South America.
Niger Delta mangroves S . Typically surrounding salient river deltas, mangrove regions support a variety of halophytes. These robust shrubs and trees, which have adapted to changing coastal conditions (such as inundation, sun exposure, anaerobic soil, and salinity concentration), play a substantive role in cultivating the biodiversity and wellbeing of the surrounding landscape. Biologically, six mangrove species make up these forests, including three species in the family Rhizophoraceae "(Rhizophora racemosa" (red mangrove; tall)", Rhizophora harrisonii" (red mangrove; dwarf)", Rhizophora mangle" (red mangrove; dwarf))", and species in the family" Avicenniaceae (white mangrove) and Combretaceae. Of these species, "Rhizophora racemosa" occupies the greatest density of