Meteorology known as the first "anemometer". In 1607, Galileo Galilei constructed a thermoscope. In 1611, Johannes Kepler wrote the first scientific treatise on snow crystals: "Strena Seu de Nive Sexangula (A New Year's Gift of Hexagonal Snow)". In 1643, Evangelista Torricelli invented the mercury barometer. In 1662, Sir Christopher Wren invented the mechanical, self-emptying, tipping bucket rain gauge. In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit created a reliable scale for measuring temperature with a mercury-type thermometer. In 1742, Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, proposed the "centigrade" temperature scale, the predecessor of the current Celsius scale. In 1783, the first hair hygrometer was demonstrated by
Celsius 41.11 "National Review" stating that the film had done a "solid job" in answering Moore's arguments whilst Maitland McDonagh of "TV Guide" called the film a "shrill, repetitive screed". The production of "Celsius 41.11" was funded by the conservative political organization Citizens United. The organization's president, David Bossie, was surprised at the success of "Fahrenheit 9/11" both at the box office and in rallying support for the Democratic political position. "After seeing Moore's impact, I wanted to counterpunch", he said to the "LA Times" in 2004, adding that, "Documentaries have become a weapon of the left". "Celsius 41.11" took six weeks