Free software had become frustrated with the effects of the change in culture of the computer industry and its users. Software development for the GNU operating system began in January 1984, and the Free Software Foundation (FSF) was founded in October 1985. An article outlining the project and its goals was published in March 1985 titled the GNU Manifesto. The manifesto included significant explanation of the GNU philosophy, "Free Software Definition" and "copyleft" ideas. The Linux kernel, started by Linus Torvalds, was released as freely modifiable source code in 1991. The first licence was a proprietary software licence. However, with version 0.12
SHARE Operating System SHARE Operating System The SHARE Operating System (SOS) was created in 1959 as an improvement on the General Motors GM-NAA I/O operating system, the first operating system, by the SHARE user group. The main target was to improve the sharing of programs over GM-NAA I/O. SHARE Operating System provided new methods to manage buffers and input/output devices, and, like GM-NAA I/O, allowed execution of programs written in assembly language. Initially, it worked on IBM 709 computer and its transistorized compatible successor the IBM 7090. A series of articles describing innovations in the system appears in the April, 1959, Journal of