Keel (bird anatomy) Keel (bird anatomy) A keel or carina (plural carinae) in bird anatomy is an extension of the sternum (breastbone) which runs axially along the midline of the sternum and extends outward, perpendicular to the plane of the ribs. The keel provides an anchor to which a bird's wing muscles attach, thereby providing adequate leverage for flight. Keels do not exist on all birds; in particular, some flightless birds lack a keel structure. Historically, the presence or absence of a pronounced keel structure was used as a broad classification of birds into two orders: Carinatae (from "carina", "keel"), having a pronounced
Scientific controversy how fast is it occurring and how to model it which is what is being researched and debated. It is important to distinguish between these two so that the real scientific issue does not get missed.[1] Scientific Debate- Scientific debate is based on evidence and factual information. Because of this, only experts are typically qualified to debate. The exclusion of non-scientist participants in debates causes a struggle for recognition of other significant issues such as economic concerns or cultural value of the environment. Scientific Controversies & Education- Scientific Controversies influence education more than one would expect. Scientific issues relating to