Urbanization in China or 37 percent of the total population in the mid-1980s—was relatively low by comparison with developed nations, the number of people living in urban areas in China was greater than the total population of any country in the world except India. The four Chinese cities with the largest populations in 1985 were Shanghai, with 7 million; Beijing, with 5.9 million; Tianjin, with 5.4 million; and Shenyang, with 4.2 million. The disproportionate distribution of population in large cities occurred as a result of the government's emphasis after 1949 on the development of large cities over smaller urban areas. In 1985 the
Coal in China of 38.6% compared to the US with 37.4%. . In 2009, China required companies building new plants to retire an old plant for every new one built. In 2015, an IMF study showed that China has the largest cost of air pollution effects in the world. Coal in China China is the largest producer and consumer of coal in the world and is the largest user of coal-derived electricity. The consumption of coal has declined during the 2010s with its percentage in the energy mix falling from 80% in 2010 to 60% in 2017. Domestic coal production has also greatly