Duma (epic) Duma (epic) A Duma (, plural "dumy") is a sung epic poem which originated in Ukraine during the Hetmanate Era in the sixteenth century (possibly based on earlier Kievan epic forms). Historically, dumy were performed by itinerant Cossack bards called kobzari, who accompanied themselves on a kobza or a torban, but after the abolition of Hetmanate by the Empress Catherine of Russia the epic singing became the domain of blind itinerant musicians who retained the kobzar appellation and accompanied their singing by playing a bandura (rarely a kobza) or a relya/lira (a Ukrainian variety of hurdy-gurdy). Dumas are sung in
Moscow City Duma to 2014 18 deputies were elected on party lists, and 17 - in single-seat constituencies. Since 2014 all 45 deputies are elected in single-seat constituencies. The current Chairman of the Moscow City Duma is Alexey Shaposhnikov. The last election was held in 2014. The original municipal legislature was established in 1785. Moscow City Duma The Moscow City Duma (, "Moskovskaya Gorodskaya Duma") is the Russian regional parliament in Moscow, the unicameral City Duma (city council, a local parliament) of the Russian capital city of Moscow. As Moscow is one of three federal cities, the city duma's legislation can only be