Treaty of Paris (1815) notably Prussia, initially demanded that France cede significant territory in the East, rivalry among the powers and the general desire to secure the Bourbon restoration made the peace settlement less onerous than it might have been. The treaty was signed for Great Britain by Lord Castlereagh and the Duke of Wellington and by the duc de Richelieu for France; parallel treaties with France were signed by Austria, Russia, and Prussia, forming in effect the first confederation of Europe. The Quadruple Alliance was reinstated in a separate treaty also signed 20 November 1815, introducing a new concept in European diplomacy, the
Treaty of Whitehall Treaty of Whitehall The Treaty of Whitehall (or the Treaty of American Neutrality) was signed between Louis XIV of France and James II of England in November 1686 as an agreement that Continental conflict would not disrupt peace and neutrality in New France and New England. It declared that "though the two Countries might be at war in Europe their Colonies in America should continue in peace and Neutrality." The treaty specifically prohibited each nation from fishing or trading in the other's territory, and also forbid each power from aiding Indian tribes who may be at war with the other.