Meteorological instrumentation rain gauge. In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit creates a reliable scale for measuring temperature with a mercury-type thermometer. In 1742, Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, proposed the 'centigrade' temperature scale, the predecessor of the current Celsius scale. In 1783, the first hair hygrometer is demonstrated by Horace-Bénédict de Saussure. In 1806, Francis Beaufort introduced his system for classifying wind speeds. The April 1960 launch of the first successful weather satellite, TIROS-1, marked the beginning of the age where weather information became available globally. This was also used to measure the temperature of the surrounding air. A thermometer measures air temperature, or
Celsius 41.11 "National Review" stating that the film had done a "solid job" in answering Moore's arguments whilst Maitland McDonagh of "TV Guide" called the film a "shrill, repetitive screed". The production of "Celsius 41.11" was funded by the conservative political organization Citizens United. The organization's president, David Bossie, was surprised at the success of "Fahrenheit 9/11" both at the box office and in rallying support for the Democratic political position. "After seeing Moore's impact, I wanted to counterpunch", he said to the "LA Times" in 2004, adding that, "Documentaries have become a weapon of the left". "Celsius 41.11" took six weeks