Ornithothoraces Ornithothoraces Ornithothoraces is a group of avialans that includes all enantiornithes ("opposite birds") and the euornithes ("true birds"), which includes modern birds and their closest ancestors. The name Ornithothoraces means "bird thoraxes". This refers to the modern, highly advanced anatomy of the thorax that gave the ornithothoracines superior flight capability compared with more primitive avialans. This anatomy includes a large, keeled breastbone, elongated coracoids and a modified glenoid joint in the shoulder, and a semi-rigid rib cage. The earliest known members of the group are the enantiornitheans "Protopteryx fengningensis", "Eopengornis martini", and "Cruralispennia multidonta", as well as the euornithine "Archaeornithura
History of anatomy their valves, and tracing the course of the blood from the right to the left side of the heart. The rise in anatomy lead to various discoveries and findings. In 1628, English physician William Harvey observed circulating blood through dissections of his father’s and sister’s bodies. He published "De moto cordis et sanguinis", a treatise in which he explained his theory. In addition, during the 17th century, Galileo Galilei introduced the experimental method to scientific research. This led to innovation and change in anatomy. In Tuscany and Florence, Marcello Malpighi founded microscopic anatomy, and Nils Steensen studied the anatomy of