Wales Beaumaris, Caernarfon and Conwy. His son, the future Edward II, was born at Edward's new castle at Caernarfon in 1284. He became the first English Prince of Wales in 1301, which at the time provided an income from northwest Wales known as the Principality of Wales. The title is granted by the monarch to the heir apparent as a personal honour or dignity, and is not heritable, merging with the Crown on accession to the throne. After the failed revolt in 1294–95 of Madog ap Llywelyn – who styled himself Prince of Wales in the Penmachno Document – and the
Prince of Wales the 12th and 13th centuries, this title evolved into "Prince of Wales" (see "Brut y Tywysogion"). In Latin, the new title was ', and in Welsh it was '. The literal translation of ' is "leader" (compare the cognate Irish word "taoiseach"; the verb ' means "to lead"). Only a handful of native princes had their claim to the overlordship of Wales recognised by the English Crown. The first known to have used such a title was Owain Gwynedd, adopting the title Prince of the Welsh around 1165 after earlier using "rex Waliae" ("King of Wales"). His grandson Llywelyn the