Metrication in the United States There are no U.S. customary units for electric current, potential difference, or charge since these concepts were developed after the international adoption of metric in science. The metric units ampere, volt, ohm and coulomb are the only units used. The SI term hertz has replaced the term "cycles per second" as a unit of frequency. Energy is often measured in watt hours, BTUs, therms or calories rather than the SI joule. Residential and commercial electrical energy use is metered and billed in kilowatt hours, kW·h, as in most metric countries. Force measurements regularly use the pound instead of the SI
2019 redefinition of SI base units the Avogadro constant, Brian Leonard of the University of Akron, writing in "Metrologia" proposed that the dalton (Da) be redefined such that , but that the unified atomic mass unit () retain its current definition based on the mass of C, ceasing to exactly equal to the dalton. This would result in the dalton and the atomic mass unit potentially differing from each other with a relative uncertainty of the order of 10. However, the draft of the ninth SI Brochure defines both the dalton (Da) and the unified atomic mass unit (u) as exactly 1/12 of the mass of