Nicholas Roosevelt (inventor) 74-gun ships. In 1797, with Robert R. Livingston and John Stevens, he agreed to build a boat on joint account, for which the engines were to be constructed by Roosevelt, and the propelling agency was to be that planned by Livingston. The experiment failed, the speed attained being only equivalent to about in still water. On September 6, 1798, Roosevelt described and earnestly recommended to Livingston a vertical wheel, which is the first practical suggestion of the combination that made steam navigation a commercial success, although four years later Robert Fulton believed that chains and floats were alone to be
French submarine Laplace steam propulsion was abandoned and the ships were instead equipped with diesel engines. Measuring long, with a beam of and a draught of , "Lagrange"-class submarines could dive up to . The submarine had a surfaced displacement of and a submerged displacement of . Propulsion while surfaced was provided by two diesel motors built by the Swiss manufacturer Sulzer and two electric motors. The submarines' electrical propulsion allowed it to attain speeds of while submerged and on the surface. Their surfaced range was at , and at , with a submerged range of at . The ships were equipped with