Endemic goitre by significant compression of nearby structures. Endemic goitre Endemic goiter is a type of goitre that is associated with dietary iodine deficiency. Some inland areas where soil and water lacks in iodine compounds and consumption of marine foods is low are known for higher incidence of goitre. In such areas goitre is said to be "endemic". This type of goiter is easily preventable. In most developed countries regulations have been put into force by health policy institutions requiring salt, flour or water to be fortified with iodine. Treatment of endemic goiter is medical with iodine and thyroxine preparations. Surgery is
PMM2 deficiency PMM2 deficiency PMM2 deficiency or PMM2-CDG is a very rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in PMM2. It is an autosomal recessive disorder. A defective copy of the PMM2 gene is the most common cause of a disease called “congenital disorders of glycosylation” or “PMM2-CDG”. PMM2-CDG is the most common of a growing family of more than 100 extremely rare inherited metabolic disorders. Only about 1000 children and adults have been reported worldwide. PMM2 deficiency is diagnosed through genetic sequencing. More than 115 mutations in PMM2 gene have been found to cause this disease. There is no cure for PMM2