1653 Imperial election electoral rights in a treaty of 1619, confirmed at the Diet of Regensburg on February 25, 1623. The revolt ignited a broader religious war across Germany, the Thirty Years' War, which would involve not only the states of the empire but also Sweden, the Dutch Republic, France, Denmark–Norway, England, Scotland, Spain and Hungary and which would kill some eight million people before its end. The Peace of Westphalia which ended the war in 1648 revived the principle of "cuius regio, eius religio" established in 1555 by the Peace of Augsburg and established the modern concept of Westphalian sovereignty. It additionally
Treaty of Turin (1696) The war was formally ended by the 1697 Treaty of Ryswick which incorporated the Treaty of Turin. By splitting the Allies, Savoy's defection enabled Louis to obtain better terms at Ryswick than he might otherwise have done, for a relatively minor cost. France relinquished Pinerolo but Savoy's territories in Transalpine France were almost impossible to defend and were occupied by France again from 1704 to 1714. Victor Amadeus achieved his primary goals of recovering Pinerolo and Casale, while his daughter's marriage enhanced Savoy's position on the European stage. The cost was a devastated and impoverished country and "...a reputation for...cynical