Tonnage and poundage to be one of the complaints of his Long Parliament. The refusal of and subsequent disputes about tonnage and poundage rights is seen as one of the many events bearing responsibility for the English Civil War. Tonnage and poundage Tonnage and Poundage were certain duties and taxes first levied in Edward II's reign on every tun (cask) of imported wine, which came mostly from Spain and Portugal, and on every pound weight of merchandise exported or imported. Traditionally tonnage and poundage was granted by Parliament to the king for life until the reign of Charles I. Tonnage and poundage were
Wrath of Olives Hasan Şindi, a member of the Turkish-backed Afrin Council until he fled for Europe in August 2018. Wrath of Olives The Wrath of Olives operations room is an insurgent group that is active in Turkish-controlled areas of northern Syria. They claim to have been founded following the Turkish invasion of Afrin, backed by an assortment of rebel groups. The group has been active since mid summer, 2018, and has carried out dozens of assassinations and bombings against Turkish-backed rebel forces. As the group has vowed to kill not just Turkish soldiers and allied Syrian militants, but all who cooperate with