Deer modern Germanic languages save English and Scots retain the more general sense: for example, German "Tier" and Norwegian "dyr" mean "animal". For many types of deer in modern English usage, the male is a "buck" and the female a "doe", but the terms vary with dialect, and according to the size of the species. The male red deer is a "stag", while for other large species the male is a "bull", the female a "cow", as in cattle. In older usage, the male of any species is a "hart", especially if over five years old, and the female is a
Deer forest deer can move freely across large tracts of hill country. Boundaries, referred to as "marches", are usually marked by a river, stream, ridge, shoreline or similar natural feature. "Hind forests" and "stag forests" are so called because of the tendencies of red deer to form large, single-sex herds outside the autumn rutting time, and most forests hold either a resident stag herd or a hind herd for much of the year. In "deer forest", the term "forest" is derived from the ancient and medieval use of the Latin word "foris" - "open" or "waste", to denote an extensive outdoor "waste