Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome, previously known as cretinism, is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth owing to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital hypothyroidism) usually owing to maternal hypothyroidism. Around the world, the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism is iodine deficiency. It has affected many people worldwide and continues to be a major public health problem in many countries. Iodine is an essential trace element, necessary primarily for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of brain damage worldwide. Although iodine is found in many
Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency risk of developing autoimmune diseases in middle age. IgA deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) feature similar B cell differentiation arrests, it does not present the same lymphocyte subpopulation abnormalities. IgA-deficient patients may progress to panhypogammaglobulinemia characteristic of CVID. Selective IgA and CVID are found in the same family. Selective IgA deficiency is inherited and has been associated with differences in chromosomes 18, 14 and 6. Selective IgA deficiency is often inherited, but has been associated with some congenital intrauterine infections. Pathogenesis of IgA Deficiency ‘In IgA-deficient patients, the common finding is a maturation defect in B cells to produce