African cuisine encompasses within its fold several nations, including Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt and Sudan. The roots of North African cuisine can be traced back to the ancient empires of North Africa, particularly in Egypt, where many of the country's dishes and culinary traditions date back to antiquity. Over several centuries traders, travelers, invaders, migrants and immigrants all have influenced the cuisine of North Africa. The Phoenicians of the 1st century brought sausages, while the Carthaginians introduced wheat and its by-product, semolina. The Berbers adapted semolina into couscous, one of the main staple foods. Olives and olive oil were introduced before
Semolina (horse) Portland's other filly Signorina. Semolina ended the season with a record of thirteen wins from fifteen starts and her earnings of £9,285 helped the Duke of Portland to claim the title of British flat racing Champion Owner for 1889 although her heavy schedule led to accusations that the Duke was "running horses off their legs". On 2 May 1890, Semolina, ridden by John Watts, was one of ten fillies to contest the 77th running of the 1000 Guineas over the Rowley Mile at Newmarket. At the time, an owner with more than one runner in the race was allowed to