Kingdom of Rwanda Kingdom of Rwanda The Kingdom of Rwanda was a pre-colonial kingdom in East Africa beginning in c. 1081, which survived with some of its autonomy intact under German and Belgian colonial rule until its monarchy was abolished in the Rwandan Revolution. After a 1961 referendum, Rwanda became a republic and received its independence in 1962. In the 15th century, one chiefdom managed to incorporate several of its close neighbor territories establishing the Kingdom of Rwanda after disintegration of the Bunyoro-Kitara Empire (Bachwezi Empire), which ruled over most of what is now considered Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda,and parts of Tanzania. The Hutu
Independence Day (Algeria) Independence Day (Algeria) Independence Day, observed annually on July 5th every year, is a National Holiday in Algeria commemorating Algeria's independence from France on July 5th 1962. The Algerian War of Independence began in November 1954 and ended in 1962 when French President Charles De Gaulle pronounced Algeria an independent country on 5 July, was very brutal and long, was the most recent major turning point in Algeria's history. Although often fratricidal, it ultimately united Algerians and seared the value of independence and the philosophy of anticolonialism into the national consciousness. Abusive tactics of the French Army remains a controversial