Karachay horse due place being mentioned in the State stud books and official lists of species of the USSR and Russia in the 1990s. In 1998 a group of Karachay-Cherkessiya`s horsemen with three Karachay horses ascended the east top of the mountain Elbrus, making an unprecedented act. In 1999 the horsemen ascended west top of the highest mountain in Europe. The Karachay horses' is thus strong with strong and adapted limbs to climbing mountains. Special credit goes to an expert on horse breeding named Klych Geriy Urusov who was the mastermind of Elbrus conquest on horseback. At the present time Karachay horse
MT-ND4L are transferred through a series of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters in the prosthetic arm and finally to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ), which is reduced to ubiquinol (CoQH). The flow of electrons changes the redox state of the protein, resulting in a conformational change and p"K" shift of the ionizable side chain, which pumps four hydrogen ions out of the mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from variants of MT-ND4L, MT-ND1 and MT-ND2 have been linked to BMI in adults and implicated in metabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes and hypertension. A T>C mutation at position 10,663 in the mitochondrial gene MT-ND4L is known to