Portuguese-speaking African countries postcolonial discourse that attempts to explain the development of the modern nation-state in Lusophone Africa and shed light on its failures. Portuguese-speaking African countries The Portuguese-speaking African countries (also referred to as Lusophone Africa) consist of six African countries in which the Portuguese language is an official language: Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe and, since 2011, Equatorial Guinea. The six countries are former colonies of the Portuguese Empire. From 1778 until independence, Equatorial Guinea was also a colony of the Spanish Empire. In 1992, the five Lusophone African countries formed an interstate organisation called PALOP, a
Brazil–Uruguay relations intervened, initiating the Uruguayan Civil War, or "Guerra Grande" (Great War). Manuel Oribe was eventually defeated in 1851, leaving the "Colorados" in full control of the country. Brazil followed up by intervening in Uruguay in May 1851, supporting the "Colorados" with financial and naval forces. In February 1852, Rosas resigned, and the pro-"Colorado" forces lifted the siege of Montevideo. Uruguay rewarded Brazil's financial and military support by signing five treaties in 1851 that provided for perpetual alliance between the two countries. Montevideo confirmed Brazil's right to intervene in Uruguay's internal affairs. The treaties also allowed joint navigation on the Uruguay