Finno-Ugric languages Finno-Ugric languages Finno-Ugric ( or ), Finno-Ugrian or Fenno-Ugric is a traditional grouping of all languages in the Uralic language family except the Samoyedic languages. Its commonly accepted status as a subfamily of Uralic is based on criteria formulated in the 19th century and is criticized by some contemporary linguists. The three most-spoken Uralic languages, Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, are all included in Finno-Ugric, although linguistic roots common to both branches of the traditional Finno-Ugric language tree (Finno-Permic and Ugric) are distant. The term "Finno-Ugric", which originally referred to the entire family, is sometimes used as a synonym for the
Indo-Uralic languages Whether the "e" placed in parentheses is inherently part of the word is disputed but probable. The "ḷ" in Indo-European "*pḷlu-" represents a vocalic "l", a sound found in English in for instance "little", where it corresponds to the "-le", and "metal", where it corresponds to the "-al". An earlier form of the Indo-European word was probably "*pelu-". An asterisk (*) indicates reconstructed forms. A tilde (~) means 'alternating with'. Indo-Uralic languages Indo-Uralic is a proposed language family consisting of Indo-European and Uralic. A genetic relationship between Indo-European and Uralic was first proposed by the Danish linguist Vilhelm Thomsen in