African cuisine encompasses within its fold several nations, including Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt and Sudan. The roots of North African cuisine can be traced back to the ancient empires of North Africa, particularly in Egypt, where many of the country's dishes and culinary traditions date back to antiquity. Over several centuries traders, travelers, invaders, migrants and immigrants all have influenced the cuisine of North Africa. The Phoenicians of the 1st century brought sausages, while the Carthaginians introduced wheat and its by-product, semolina. The Berbers adapted semolina into couscous, one of the main staple foods. Olives and olive oil were introduced before
Semolina (horse) meaning that they were expected to run on their individual merits. Ridden by Fred Barrett, Semolina took an early lead and set a very strong pace before tiring in the straight and finishing fourth of the seven runners behind Memoir, Signorina and Ponza. At least on correspondent claimed that Semolina had effectively been sacrificed and run as a pacemaker to secure the victory of her stablemate. Semolina was dropped back in distance for the Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot and in a very close contest she finished third behind Heresy and Floranthe, to whom she was conceding seven and fourteen