Goitre Goitre A goitre, or goiter, is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland. A goitre is associated with a thyroid that is not functioning properly. Worldwide, over 90% of goitre cases are caused by iodine deficiency. The term is from the Latin "gutturia", meaning throat. Most goitres are of a benign nature. A goitre, associated with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, may be present with symptoms of the underlying disorder. For hyperthyroidism, the most common symptoms are associated with adrenergic stimulation: tachycardia (increased heart rate), palpitations, nervousness, tremor, increased blood pressure and heat intolerance. Clinical manifestations are often
Trace field of a representation algebra formula_12 is then as simple as possible, more precisely: The algebra formula_12 is called the quaternion algebra of formula_4. The quaternion algebra of formula_7 is called the "invariant quaternion algebra" of formula_4, denoted by formula_24. As for trace fields, the former is not the same for all groups in the same commensurability class but the latter is. If formula_4 is an arithmetic Fuchsian group then formula_26 and formula_24 together are a number field and quaternion algebra from which a group commensurable to formula_4 may be derived. The theory for Kleinian groups (discrete subgroups of formula_29) is mostly similar as