Toxic multinodular goitre Toxic multinodular goitre Toxic multinodular goiter (also known as toxic nodular goiter, or Plummer's disease) is an active multinodular goiter associated with hyperthyroidism. It is a common cause of hyperthyroidism in which there is excess production of thyroid hormones from functionally autonomous thyroid nodules, which do not require stimulation from thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Toxic multinodular goiter is the second most common cause of hyperthyroidism (after Graves' disease) in the developed world, whereas iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developing-world countries where the population is iodine-deficient. (Decreased iodine leads to decreased thyroid hormone.) However, iodine deficiency
Roberto Goitre Roberto Goitre Roberto Goitre (Turin, 1927 - Piacenza, 1980) was an Italian choirmaster, composer and teacher. Upon finishing his academic studies, Goitre devoted himself entirely to choral conducting. At the beginning of the 1960s, on invitation from Marcello Abbado, he became director of the choir of the "Giuseppe Nicolini" Conservatoire in Piacenza, where he taught until his death in 1980. In the 1970s Goitre turned his attention to the musical pedagogy of Zoltán Kodály and spent a significant amount of time in Hungary carrying out research. He also widened his knowledge of Italian and Hungarian folk tunes, which he made