African cuisine encompasses within its fold several nations, including Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt and Sudan. The roots of North African cuisine can be traced back to the ancient empires of North Africa, particularly in Egypt, where many of the country's dishes and culinary traditions date back to antiquity. Over several centuries traders, travelers, invaders, migrants and immigrants all have influenced the cuisine of North Africa. The Phoenicians of the 1st century brought sausages, while the Carthaginians introduced wheat and its by-product, semolina. The Berbers adapted semolina into couscous, one of the main staple foods. Olives and olive oil were introduced before
Semolina (horse) June where she was matched against the highly-regarded colt Surefoot in the Biennial Stakes. She was described as looking like a "small black rat" alongside the big, handsome colt but after leading from the start she got the better of a "desperate" struggle to win by a short head. The filly went on to record two victories at Stockbridge Racecourse's Bibury Club meeting, namely the Home-Bred Foal Stakes, which she won "readily" from three opponents, and the Stockbridge Post Stakes. On 18 July at Leicester Racecourse Semolina started 4/6 favourite for the £6,000 Portland Stakes but sustained her first defeat