Iodine deficiency French, the term "crétin des Alpes" also became current, since the condition was observed in remote valleys of the Alps in particular. The word "cretin" appeared in English in 1779. While reporting recent progress towards overcoming iodine-deficiency disorders worldwide, "The Lancet" noted: "According to World Health Organization, in 2007, nearly 2 billion individuals had insufficient iodine intake, a third being of school age." A conclusion was made that the single most preventable cause of intellectual disability is that of iodine deficiency. There is preliminary evidence that iodine deficiency enhances the sensitivity of breast tissue to estrogen. In rats treated with
Complement deficiency Complement deficiency Complement deficiency is an immunodeficiency of absent or suboptimal functioning of one of the complement system proteins. Because there are redundancies in the immune system, many complement disorders are never diagnosed, some studies estimated that less than 10% are identified. "Hypocomplementemia" may be used more generally to refer to decreased complement levels while "secondary complement disorder" means decreased complement levels that are not directly due to a genetic cause but secondary to another medical condition. The following symptoms (signs) are consistent with complement deficiency in general: Vaccinations for encapsulated organisms (e.g., "Neisseria meningitidis" and "Streptococcus pneumoniae") is crucial