Semolina Semolina Semolina is the coarse, purified wheat middlings of durum wheat mainly used in making pasta and couscous. The word "semolina" can also refer to sweet dessert made from semolina and milk. The term semolina is also used to designate coarse middlings from other varieties of wheat, and from other grains, such as rice and maize. "Semolina" is derived from the Italian word "semola", meaning 'bran'. This is derived from the ancient Latin "simila", meaning 'flour', itself a borrowing from Greek "σεμίδαλις (semidalis)", "groats". The words "simila, semidalis, groat," and "grain" may all have similar proto-Indo-European origins as two Sanskrit
Birbeck granules Birbeck granules Birbeck granules, also known as Birbeck bodies, are rod shaped or "tennis-racket" cytoplasmic organelles with a central linear density and a striated appearance. First described in 1961 (where they were simply termed "characteristic granules"), they are solely found in Langerhans cells. Although part of normal Langerhans cell histology, they also provide a mechanism to differentiate Langerhans cell histiocytoses (which are a group of rare conditions collectively known as histiocytoses) from proliferative disorders caused by other cell lines. Formation is induced by langerin. The function of Birbeck granules is debated, but one theory is that they migrate to the