Current density Current density In electromagnetism, current density is the electric current per unit area of cross section. The current density vector is defined as a vector whose magnitude is the electric current per cross-sectional area at a given point in space, its direction being that of the motion of the charges at this point. In SI units, the electric current density is measured in amperes per square metre. Assume that "A" (SI unit: m) is a small surface centred at a given point "M" and orthogonal to the motion of the charges at "M". If "I" (SI unit: A) is the
Unit commitment problem in electrical power production turn, very significantly increased the impact of uncertainty in the system, so that ignoring it (as traditionally done by taking average point estimates) risks significant cost increases. This had made it necessary to resort to appropriate mathematical modeling techniques to properly take uncertainty into account, such as: The combination of the (already, many) traditional forms of UC problems with the several (old and) new forms of uncertainty gives rise to the even larger family of "Uncertain Unit Commitment" (UUC) problems, which are currently at the frontier of applied and methodological research. Unit commitment problem in electrical power production The unit