Electric current electrons into the conduction band. The current-carrying electrons in the conduction band are known as "free electrons", though they are often simply called "electrons" if that is clear in context. Current density is a measure of the density of an electric current. It is defined as a vector whose magnitude is the electric current per cross-sectional area. In SI units, the current density is measured in amperes per square metre. where "formula_6" is current in the conductor, formula_7 is the current density, and formula_8 is the differential cross-sectional area vector. The current density (current per unit area) "formula_7" in materials
Electrical resistivity measurement of concrete to: When the electrical resistivity of the concrete is low, the rate of corrosion increases. When the electrical resistivity is high, e.g. in case of dry and carbonatated concrete, the rate of corrosion decreases. Nondestructive testing Electrical resistivity measurement of concrete Concrete electrical resistivity can be obtained by applying a current into the concrete and measuring the response voltage. There are different methods for measuring concrete resistivity. Concrete electrical resistance can be measured by applying a current using two electrodes attached to the ends of a uniform cross-section specimen. Electrical resistivity is obtained from the equation: This method suffers from