Kingdom of Rwanda and “Tutsi” were socioeconomic, not ethnic, distinctions. In fact, one could "kwihutura", or “shed Hutuness”, by accumulating wealth and rising through the social hierarchy. Kingdom of Rwanda The Kingdom of Rwanda was a pre-colonial kingdom in East Africa beginning in c. 1081, which survived with some of its autonomy intact under German and Belgian colonial rule until its monarchy was abolished in the Rwandan Revolution. After a 1961 referendum, Rwanda became a republic and received its independence in 1962. In the 15th century, one chiefdom managed to incorporate several of its close neighbor territories establishing the Kingdom of Rwanda after
Youth in Rwanda and irresponsible within Rwanda. During and after the genocide, issues of trust came to light within the country and have continued to limit certain relationships. Children with parents and children without parents are an example of continued division within Rwanda. Due to the stigma associated with them, orphans find little support within their communities. Pervasive poverty reduces some community's ability to support orphans or youth held households. With little support, issues of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress remain unfixed and are perpetuated. Young women are especially vulnerable with less potential contact with family or a caring adult than young men,