Battle of the Tagus of Portugal and abolition of the Constitutional Charter had put the country under the rule of an absolutist monarch. Liberals challenged this usurpation, and the struggle of the Liberal Wars ensued. The government of Miguel I was hostile to France, and became even more so when the popular insurrection of the July Revolution deposited the absolutist Bourbon king Charles X, and established a constitutional monarchy in which Louis-Philippe had become "King of the French". Miguel Refused to recognise the Monarchy of July, while neither the French nor the British government recognised his. In early 1831, a French citizen, Edmond Potentin
Solomons monarch Solomons monarch The Solomons monarch ("Symposiachrus barbatus"), also known as the black-and-white monarch, is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae. It is endemic to the Solomon Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. This species was originally placed in the genus "Monarcha" until moved to "Symposiachrus" in 2009. Alternate names for the Solomons monarch include the black-throated monarch, black-white monarch, pied monarch, Solomon Islands pied monarch and Solomons pied monarch. The alternate name 'pied monarch' should not be confused with the species of the same name ("Arses kaupi").