Territorial claims in Antarctica south of the Straits of Magellan (Terra Australis, and Tierra del Fuego and by extension the entire continent of Antarctica). This grant established, according to Argentina and Chile, that an "animus occupandi" existed on the part of Spain in Antarctica. Spain's sovereignty claim over parts of Antarctica was, according to Chile and Argentina, internationally recognized with the "Inter caetera" bull of 1493 and the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494. Argentina and Chile treat these treaties as legal international treaties mediated by the Catholic Church that was at that time a recognized arbiter in such matters. Each country currently has claim
End of the Earth: Voyage to Antarctica End of the Earth: Voyage to Antarctica Creating End of the Earth: Voyage to Antarctica is a 2004 book by Peter Matthiessen published by National Geographic Books. The book describes two journeys taken by Matthiessen to Antarctica: the first is embarked upon from Tierra del Fuego in South America to the Antarctic Peninsula west of the Weddell Sea and the second is from Tasmania to the Ross Sea. The second journey was, therefore, taken to a position that is almost on the other side of the continent of Antarctica. These two trips were made between 1998 and 2001. Matthiessen discusses