Personal development and happiness". The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 BCE – 322 BCE) wrote "Nicomachean Ethics", in which he defined personal development as a category of phronesis or practical wisdom, where the practice of virtues ("arête") leads to "eudaimonia", commonly translated as "happiness" but more accurately understood as "human flourishing" or "living well". Aristotle continues to influence the Western concept of personal development , particularly in the economics of human development and in positive psychology. In Chinese tradition, Confucius (around 551 BCE – 479 BCE) founded an ongoing philosophy. His ideas continue to influence family values, education and management in China and
Alexander the Great in the Quran to the notion of an "inhabited Earth," surrounded by the Ocean, and an "uninhabited Earth" (though exactly how much of this was understood by his student Alexander the Great is not known). "Surah Al-Kahf" has also been linked to the "Alexander romance" through a second story. The Quran verses 18:60–82, which immediately precede the story of Dhul-Qarnayn, mention the story of Al-Khidir and a fish that miraculously comes to life. It has been theorized that the Quran's story was influenced by the story of the Water of Life (Fountain of Youth) mentioned in Eastern versions of the "Alexander romance". In