Personal development and happiness". The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 BCE – 322 BCE) wrote "Nicomachean Ethics", in which he defined personal development as a category of phronesis or practical wisdom, where the practice of virtues ("arête") leads to "eudaimonia", commonly translated as "happiness" but more accurately understood as "human flourishing" or "living well". Aristotle continues to influence the Western concept of personal development , particularly in the economics of human development and in positive psychology. In Chinese tradition, Confucius (around 551 BCE – 479 BCE) founded an ongoing philosophy. His ideas continue to influence family values, education and management in China and
Alexander the Great in the Quran evidence, in the form of ancient coins, to identify the Arabic epithet "Dhul-Qarnayn" with Alexander the Great. Finally, ancient Christian Syriac and Ethiopic manuscripts of the "Alexander romance" from the Middle East have been found which closely resemble the story in the Quran. This leads to the theologically controversial conclusion that Quran refers to Alexander in the mention of Dhul-Qarnayn. The literal translation of the Arabic phrase ""Dhul-Qarnayn,"" as written in the Quran, is "the Two-Horned." Alexander the Great was portrayed with two horns in ancient Greek depictions of Alexander: It is well known that already in his own time