African cuisine encompasses within its fold several nations, including Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt and Sudan. The roots of North African cuisine can be traced back to the ancient empires of North Africa, particularly in Egypt, where many of the country's dishes and culinary traditions date back to antiquity. Over several centuries traders, travelers, invaders, migrants and immigrants all have influenced the cuisine of North Africa. The Phoenicians of the 1st century brought sausages, while the Carthaginians introduced wheat and its by-product, semolina. The Berbers adapted semolina into couscous, one of the main staple foods. Olives and olive oil were introduced before
Semolina (horse) as she finished fifth behind the filly Riviera after fading badly in the final furlong. At Goodwood Racecourse Semolina returned to wining form as she "ran away" with the Prince of Wales' Stakes. In autumn Semolina was scheduled to run a match race against Lord Zetland's colt Fontainebleau and collected a £100 forfeit when her opponent failed to appear. At Newmarket's "October" meetings Semolina won the Municipal Stakes, Boscawen Stakes and the Free Handicap. On her final run of the year she ran in the six-furlong Middle Park Stakes but made little impact and finished unplaced behind the Duke of