Toxic multinodular goitre Toxic multinodular goitre Toxic multinodular goiter (also known as toxic nodular goiter, or Plummer's disease) is an active multinodular goiter associated with hyperthyroidism. It is a common cause of hyperthyroidism in which there is excess production of thyroid hormones from functionally autonomous thyroid nodules, which do not require stimulation from thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Toxic multinodular goiter is the second most common cause of hyperthyroidism (after Graves' disease) in the developed world, whereas iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developing-world countries where the population is iodine-deficient. (Decreased iodine leads to decreased thyroid hormone.) However, iodine deficiency
Latent iron deficiency previous conditions, the frequency can change from 11% in male athletes (Poland) to 44.7% in children less than 1 year old (China): Frequency of LID in different countries and populations: Latent iron deficiency Latent iron deficiency (LID), also called iron-deficient erythropoiesis, is a medical condition in which there is evidence of iron deficiency without anemia (normal hemoglobin level). It is important to assess this condition because it is accepted that individuals with latent iron deficiency will develop iron-deficiency anemia in the weeks or months following diagnoses of LID if they are not treated with iron supplementation. In addition, there is