History of education in England ruling established that the Statute of Apprentices did not apply to trades that were not in existence when it was passed in 1563, thus excluding many new 18th century industries. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge founded many charity schools for poor students in the 7 to 11 age group. These schools were the basis for the development of modern concepts of primary and secondary education. The Society also was an early provider of teacher education. Robert Raikes initiated the Sunday School Movement, having inherited a publishing business from his father and become proprietor
Iwan Raikes Iwan Raikes Vice Admiral Sir Iwan Geoffrey Raikes KCB CBE DSC DL (21 April 1921 – 27 December 2011) was a former Royal Navy officer who became Naval Secretary. Born the son of Admiral Sir Robert Raikes and educated at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Raikes joined the Royal Navy in 1935 and decided to specialise in submarines. He served in World War II and commanded the submarines HMS "H43" and HMS "Varne". After the War he commanded the submarines HMS "Virtue", HMS "Talent" and HMS "Aeneas" and then the frigate HMS "Loch Insh". He was appointed Deputy Director of