Heart valve tricuspid valve has anterior, posterior, and septal cusps; and the mitral valve has just anterior and posterior cusps. The valves of the human heart can be grouped in two sets: 1- Two Atrioventricular (AV) valves to prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria a) Tricuspid valve, located between the right atrium and right ventricle. b) Bicuspid or mitral valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle. 2- Two Semilunar valves to prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricle a) Pulmonary semilunar valve, located at the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. b)
Mitral insufficiency during a cardiac cycle. Methods that have been used to assess the regurgitant fraction in mitral regurgitation include echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, fast CT scan, and cardiac MRI. The echocardiographic technique to measure the regurgitant fraction is to determine the forward flow through the mitral valve (from the left atrium to the left ventricle) during ventricular diastole, and comparing it with the flow out of the left ventricle through the aortic valve in ventricular systole. This method assumes that the aortic valve does not suffer from aortic insufficiency. Another way to quantify the degree of MR is to determine the area