Vitamin K deficiency thus activate) certain enzymes involved in coagulation: Factors II, VII, IX, X, and protein C and protein S. Inability to activate the clotting cascade via these factors leads to the bleeding symptoms mentioned above. Notably, when one examines the lab values in Vitamin K deficiency [see below] the prothrombin time is elevated, but the partial thromboplastin time is normal or only mildly prolonged. This may seem counterintuitive given that the deficiency leads to decreased activity in factors of both the intrinsic pathway (F-IX) which is monitored by PTT, as well as the extrinsic pathway (F-VII) which is monitored by PT.
Vitamin D deficiency in Australia in comparison to the 25% to the controlled. In Australia, vitamin D deficiency has been recognised within particular subgroups such as age, dark skinned and veiled women. There is deficiencies in around 80%, particularly in dark skinned and or veiled populations. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency amongst dark skinner or who cover their skin for religious reasons can be directly attributed to the extremely low of sun exposure to which is the main source of vitamin D in Australia. Veiled women or individuals with dark skin pigmentation are easily vulnerable to fall into levels considered deficient in Australia. This