Acoustic reflex contraction of the stapedius muscle stiffens the middle-ear, thus decreasing middle-ear admittance; this can be measured thanks to tympanometry. The acoustic stapedius reflex can also be recorded by means of extratympanic manometry (ETM). As the stapedius muscle is innervated by the facial nerve, a measurement of the reflex can be used to locate the injury on the nerve. If the injury is distal to the stapedius muscle, the reflex is still functional. A measurement of the reflex can also be used to suggest a retrocochlear lesion (e.g., vestibular schwannoma, acoustic neuroma). The acoustic reflex normally occurs only at relatively high
Gold Is Where You Find It Gold Is Where You Find It Gold is Where You Find It is a 1938 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring George Brent, Olivia de Havilland, and Claude Rains. Based on a story by Clements Ripley, with a screenplay by Warren Duff and Robert Buckner, the film is about the rivalry between farmers and miners in the Sacramento valley 30 years after the California Gold Rush. The feud between the two factions is complicated when a man from one side and a woman from the other fall in love. This Technicolor feature film was released on