History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages controlled Ceredigion, taking Llanfihangel, Aberystwyth, and Llanbadarn Fawr. Liberating Llanbadarn, one local chronicler hailed Owain and Cadwaladr both as "bold lions, virtuous, fearless and wise, who guard the churches and their indwellers, defenders of the poor [who] overcome their enemies, affording a safest retreat to all those who seek their protection". The brothers restored the Welsh monks of Llanbadarn, who had been displaced by monks from Gloucester brought there by the Normans who had controlled Ceredigion. By late September 1136 a vast Welsh host gathered in Ceredigion, which included the combined forces of Gwynedd, Deheubarth, and Powys; and met the
Ceredigion (journal) Ceredigion (journal) Ceredigion is an annual local history journal about the history of the county of Ceredigion, Wales, published by Ceredigion Historical Society. The society was founded, as Cardiganshire Antiquarian Association, 1911 to promote the understanding of the history and archaeology of the county. In 2002 it became Ceredigion Historical Society. The Society started to publish "Transactions and Archaeological Record of the Cardiganshire Antiquarian Association" in 1913; it ceased in 1938. In 1951 "Ceredigion: Journal of the Cardiganshire Antiquarian Association" started. In 2002 it was renamed "Ceredigion: Journal of Ceredigion Historical Society". It contains historical articles and book reviews. It