Exsanguination incapacitate swine, poultry and domestic sheep, whereas a chemical is used for injured livestock. Continued pumping operation of the heart during exsanguination increases the rate of depletion, and thus hastens death, by raising the fluid pressure of the blood. Because the heart operates like a positive displacement pump, reduction of blood volume will not affect efficiency of cardiac output—deprivation of blood to the heart does gradually result in diminished function, but concurrently with similar death of other parts in the body. Quickly after the animal is incapacitated it is hung upside down by its hind limbs and an extremely sharp
History of scientific method ('canon', a straight edge or ruler, thus any type of measure or standard, referred to as 'canonic'), Epicurus laid out his first rule for inquiry in physics: 'that the "first concepts be seen", and that they "not require demonstration" '. His second rule for inquiry was that prior to an investigation, "we are to have self-evident concepts", so that we might infer [ἔχωμεν οἷς σημειωσόμεθα] both what is expected [τò προσμένον], and also what is non-apparent [τò ἄδηλον]. Epicurus applies his method of inference (the use of observations as signs, Asmis' summary, p. 333: "the method of using the phenomena