Winchester College referred to by pupils, former pupils and others as "Win: Coll:", and is more widely known as just "Winchester". Winchester College was founded in 1382 by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor to both Edward III and Richard II, and the first 70 poor scholars entered the school in 1394. In the early 15th century the specific requirements was that that scholars come from families where the income was less than five marks sterling (£3 6s 8d) "per annum"; in comparison, the contemporary reasonable living for a yeoman was £5 "per annum". It was founded in conjunction with
Winchester the "Barsetshire" novels of Anthony Trollope, who attended Winchester College; "The Warden" (1855) is said to be based on a scandal at the Hospital of St Cross. A fictionalised Winchester appears as "Wintoncester" in Hardy's "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" (1891). Some of the action in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Adventure of the Copper Beeches" (1892) takes place in the city—the Black Swan hotel mentioned in the story formerly stood at the end of Southgate St and is still acknowledged by a figure on the outside of the building. In Charles Kingsley's romantic history "Hereward the Wake" (1866), Hereward smashes