Levi Stubbs in 1936 in Detroit, Stubbs had a brother, Joe, who later became a member of 100 Proof (Aged In Soul), The Falcons, The Contours and The Originals. His cousin was Jackie Wilson. Stubbs attended Detroit Pershing High School, where he met Abdul "Duke" Fakir. He began his professional singing career with friends Fakir, Renaldo "Obie" Benson and Lawrence Payton, forming a singing group called the Four Aims in 1954. Two years later, after signing with Chess Records, the group changed their name to the Four Tops. The name change was meant to avoid confusion with the then-popular Ames Brothers. The
Richard Stubbs (academic) Richard Stubbs (academic) Richard Wallace Stubbs (born 1946) is a British-Canadian professor emeritus and writer on international politics. Stubbs taught at St. Francis Xavier University, Carleton University and the University of Toronto before joining the Department of Political Science at McMaster University in 1990. Stubbs is known for his book on the Malayan Emergency, "Hearts and Minds in Guerrilla Warfare: The Malayan Emergency 1946-1960" (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1989), which was republished in 2004 by Eastern University Press. The three editions of his coedited book with Geoffrey R. D. Underhill, "Political Economy and the Changing Global Order" (MacMillan, 1994; Oxford