Coronation of the French monarch of the nobility acted as representatives of the ancient lay peerages. Spiritual peers were also represented if their see is vacant or they are unable to attend (such as the bishops of Langres, Noyon and Beauvais, who were enemies of Charles VII during the Hundred Years' War). Since 987, the kings of France were all crowned in Reims Cathedral, with the exception of Hugh Capet, Robert II, Louis VI, John I, Henry IV and Louis XVIII. In July 3, 987, Hugh Capet was crowned King of France in the cathedral of Noyon. This marks the end of the Carolingian dynasty.
Three Crowned Kings united Tamilakam under one leadership. The etymology of the Tamil word for the three kings - Moovendhar (pronounced "Mūvēntar") - comes from Tamil மூ (mū) meaning 'three' and வேந்தர் (vēntar) meaning 'king', so strictly should be translated as 'Lord' (lesser-king) as opposed to 'King' which in Tamil is கோன் (Kōn). They are mentioned by Megasthenes and the Edicts of Ashoka, and first in Tolkappiyam among Tamil literature who was the first to call them Three Glorified by Heaven (). Ptolemy and the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea mention three kingdoms ruling Tamilakam. The Pandyas were the earliest of the Moovendhar