Russian oligarch 2004, Putin apparently engaged in a power-struggle with some oligarchs, reaching a "grand bargain" with them. This bargain allowed the oligarchs to maintain their powers, in exchange for their explicit support of – and alignment with – Putin's government. Many more business people have become oligarchs during Putin's time in power, and often due to personal relations with Putin, such as the rector of the institute where Putin obtained a degree in 1996, Vladimir Litvinenko, and Putin's childhood friend and judo-teacher Arkady Rotenberg. However, other analysts argue that the oligarchic structure has remained intact under Putin, with Putin devoting much
Igor Rotenberg Real Estate Holdings Ltd. Alexander Ponomarenko and Aleksandr Skorobogatko own 66.6% of TPC Real Estates Holdings. It was reported that Arkady Rotenberg made this move after being placed on the U.S. sanctions list. In 2015, OJCS TPS Real Estate () is one of the largest commercial real estate developers in Russia that manages several shopping centers in Russia and Ukraine. It is 100% owned by TPS Real Estate Holding Ltd. It owns the Krasnodar Gallery (), Sochi's Moremoll (), and Kiev's Ocean Plaza (). It is building the Novosibirsk Gallery () and Moscow's Slavyansky Boulevard metro station and Polezhayevskaya metro