Added mass fluid quasi-momentum. Unsteady forces due to a change of the relative velocity of a body submerged in a fluid can be divided into two parts: the virtual mass effect and the Basset force. The origin of the force is that the fluid will gain kinetic energy at the expense of the work done by an accelerating submerged body. It can be shown that the virtual mass force, for a spherical particle submerged in an inviscid, incompressible fluid is where bold symbols denote vectors, formula_2 is the fluid flow velocity, formula_3 is the spherical particle velocity, formula_4 is the mass density
Mass–energy equivalence the velocity is small, the relativistic mass and the rest mass are almost exactly the same. Also Einstein (following Hendrik Lorentz and Max Abraham) used velocity- and direction-dependent mass concepts () in his 1905 electrodynamics paper and in another paper in 1906. However, in his first paper on (1905), he treated as what would now be called the "rest mass". Some claim that (in later years) he did not like the idea of "relativistic mass". When modern physicists say "mass", they are usually talking about rest mass, since if they meant "relativistic mass", they would just say "energy". Considerable debate