Russian oligarch 2004, Putin apparently engaged in a power-struggle with some oligarchs, reaching a "grand bargain" with them. This bargain allowed the oligarchs to maintain their powers, in exchange for their explicit support of – and alignment with – Putin's government. Many more business people have become oligarchs during Putin's time in power, and often due to personal relations with Putin, such as the rector of the institute where Putin obtained a degree in 1996, Vladimir Litvinenko, and Putin's childhood friend and judo-teacher Arkady Rotenberg. However, other analysts argue that the oligarchic structure has remained intact under Putin, with Putin devoting much
Judge Rotenberg Educational Center gave testimony condemning the GED and asking for a regulatory ban, while the Judge Rotenberg Center brought supportive parents and clinicians to oppose a potential ban. During the testimony, Jennifer Msumba and Ian Cook, two former residents of the Judge Rotenberg Center who had received GED shocks, testified in favor of a potential ban while Aracelis Sanchez, Brian Avery, and Marcos Pucha, three additional former residents, testified against a potential ban. Autistic attorney Shain Neumeier authored comments from the Autistic Self Advocacy Network outlining a legal basis for a ban based on disability rights and human rights principles. In April