Mitral insufficiency include signs of left ventricular dysfunction with ejection fraction less than 60%, severe pulmonary hypertension with pulmonary artery systolic pressure greater than 50 mmHg at rest or 60 mmHg during activity, and new onset atrial fibrillation. Significant mitral valve regurgitation has a prevalence of approximately 2% of the population, affecting males and females equally. It is one of the two most common valvular heart diseases in the elderly. Mitral insufficiency Mitral regurgitation (MR), Mitral insufficiency (abbreviation MI best avoided because it is more commonly used in lieu of myocardial infarction), or mitral incompetence is a disorder of the heart in
Mitral valve about 20% to the volume in the left ventricle prior to ventricular systole, and is known as the "atrial kick". The mitral annulus changes in shape and size during the cardiac cycle. It is smaller at the end of atrial systole due to the contraction of the left atrium around it, like a sphincter. This reduction in annulus size at the end of atrial systole may be important for the proper coapting of the leaflets of the mitral valve when the left ventricle contracts and pumps blood. Leaking valves can be corrected by mitral valve annuloplasty, a common surgical procedure