Ant gland which secretes honeydew when the ants massage them. Some caterpillars produce vibrations and sounds that are perceived by the ants. A similar adaptation can be seen in Grizzled skipper butterflies that emit vibrations by expanding their wings in order to communicate with ants, which are natural predators of these butterflies. Other caterpillars have evolved from ant-loving to ant-eating: these myrmecophagous caterpillars secrete a pheromone that makes the ants act as if the caterpillar is one of their own larvae. The caterpillar is then taken into the ant nest where it feeds on the ant larvae. A number of specialized
Green-head ant seeds they feed on approximately away from their nests in both unburned and burned habitats. In some cases, the seeds of "Adriana quadripartita" are dispersed much farther; the green-head ant accounts for 93% of all ants that collect these seeds and can disperse them as far as . One study shows that the green-head ant, along with "Aphaenogaster longiceps", removed the highest number of seeds and discarded them on top of their nest, with a few remaining several centimetres under the nest. Most seeds dispersed by the green-head ant and "A.longiceps" are eventually eaten by "Pheidole" ants. Since the seeds