The Market for Lemons car. This, in turn, motivates the owners of moderately good cars not to sell, and so on. The result is that a market in which there is asymmetric information with respect to quality shows characteristics similar to those described by Gresham's Law: the bad drives out the good. (Although Gresham's principle applies more specifically to exchange rates, modified analogies can be drawn.) Akerlof considers a situation in which demand "D" for used cars depends on the cars price "p" and quality "µ" = "µ"("p") and the supply depends on price alone. Economic equilibrium is given by "S"("p") = "D"("p","µ") and
Good Girl Gone Bad and the Universal Music Group respectively. "Good Girl Gone Bad" received generally favorable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 72 based on 17 reviews. "Uncut" called it a "shiny, trans-atlantic blend of Europop vim, R&B grit and Caribbean bounce." Andy Kellman of AllMusic deemed it quintessential pop music and said each of its tracks was a potential hit. Quentin B. Huff of PopMatters praised the album, describing it as "more raw, perhaps edgier and more risqué" than Rihanna's previous material.