Symphony Edward Elgar, Gustav Mahler, Jean Sibelius, Carl Nielsen, Igor Stravinsky, Bohuslav Martinů, Roger Sessions, and Dmitri Shostakovich composed symphonies "extraordinary in scope, richness, originality, and urgency of expression" (Steinberg 1995, 404). One measure of the significance of a symphony is the degree to which it reflects conceptions of temporal form particular to the age in which it was created. Five composers from across the span of the 20th century who fulfil this measure are Sibelius, Stravinsky, Luciano Berio (in his Sinfonia, 1968–69), Elliott Carter (in his "Symphony of Three Orchestras", 1976), and Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen (in "Symphony/Antiphony", 1980). Beginning in the
Pasadena Symphony and Pops the San Francisco Conservatory of Music awarded him an honorary degree of Doctor of Music. The Pasadena Symphony Association also operates the Pasadena Youth Symphony Orchestra (PYSO). It consists of four separate ensembles: a Wind Ensemble, String Ensemble, the Symphony Orchestra and the Philharmonic. The ensembles operate under the direction of Pasadena Symphony staff and conductor Jack Taylor, who conducts the Symphony Orchestra. While the Philharmonic is conducted by Bruce Kiesling, the Wind Ensemble is conducted by Gary Yearick, and the String Orchestra is conducted by Pin Chen. Pasadena Symphony and Pops The Pasadena Symphony and POPS is an American