Age of the Earth research. Most geological samples from Earth are unable to give a direct date of the formation of Earth from the solar nebula because Earth has undergone differentiation into the core, mantle, and crust, and this has then undergone a long history of mixing and unmixing of these sample reservoirs by plate tectonics, weathering and hydrothermal circulation. All of these processes may adversely affect isotopic dating mechanisms because the sample cannot always be assumed to have remained as a closed system, by which it is meant that either the parent or daughter nuclide (a species of atom characterised by the number
What Shall We Do Now? the form of a fist that becomes a hammer (a hammer that would reappear in the animated sequence of "Waiting for the Worms"). "What Shall We Do Now?" would be performed at all concerts for "The Wall", and so appears on "Is There Anybody Out There? The Wall Live 1980–81". It was also included in Waters' 1990 "The Wall" Concert in Berlin, therefore appears on the album "The Wall – Live in Berlin". Waters also performed it on his 2010-2013 tour. What Shall We Do Now? "What Shall We Do Now?" (working title "Backs to the Wall") is a song