Muzzle velocity design. In a side by side comparison with the .50 BMG, the titanium round "of any caliber" released almost 28 times the energy of the .50 BMG, with only a 27% mean loss in momentum. Energy, in most cases, is what is lethal to the target, not momentum. In conventional guns, muzzle velocity is determined by the quantity of the propellant (burn speed, expansion), the mass of the projectile, and the length of the barrel. A slower-burning propellant needs a longer barrel to burn completely, but can, on the other hand, use a heavier projectile. A faster-burning propellant may accelerate
Velocity Moments image formula_14, and similarly for formula_20. formula_21 introduces velocity into the equation as where formula_23 is the formula_18 coordinate of the centre of mass for the previous image, formula_25, and again similarly for formula_20. After the Cartesian velocity moment is calculated, it can be normalised by where formula_28 is the average area of the object, in pixels, and formula_29 is the number of images. Now the value is not affected by the number of images in the sequence or the size of the object. As Cartesian moments are non-orthogonal, so are Cartesian velocity moments, so different moments can be closely