Coronation of the French monarch of the nobility acted as representatives of the ancient lay peerages. Spiritual peers were also represented if their see is vacant or they are unable to attend (such as the bishops of Langres, Noyon and Beauvais, who were enemies of Charles VII during the Hundred Years' War). Since 987, the kings of France were all crowned in Reims Cathedral, with the exception of Hugh Capet, Robert II, Louis VI, John I, Henry IV and Louis XVIII. In July 3, 987, Hugh Capet was crowned King of France in the cathedral of Noyon. This marks the end of the Carolingian dynasty.
Black-crowned tchagra Black-crowned tchagra The black-crowned tchagra ("Tchagra senegalus") is a bushshrike. This family of passerine birds is closely related to the true shrikes in the family Laniidae, and was once included in that group. This species is found in the Arabian peninsula and most of Africa in scrub, open woodland, semi-desert and cultivation. In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the black-crowned tchagra in his "Ornithologie" based on a specimen collected in Senegal. He used the French name "La pie-griesche gris du Sénégal" and the Latin "Lanius Senegalensis cinereus". Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do