History of art criticism taste involved in consumer society, and seeing kitsch and art as opposites. Greenberg further claimed that avant-garde and Modernist art was a means to resist the leveling of culture produced by capitalist propaganda. Greenberg appropriated the German word 'kitsch' to describe this consumerism, although its connotations have since changed to a more affirmative notion of leftover materials of capitalist culture. Greenberg later became well known for examining the formal properties of modern art. Meyer Schapiro is one of the best-remembered Marxist art historians of the mid-20th century. Although he wrote about numerous time periods and themes in art, he is
German Poor Laws German Poor Laws The German Poor Laws are the laws concerning poor relief which existed in Germany and its predecessor states. Prussia conducted a review of its poor law system between 1842 and 1843. It is often claimed that this legislation granted federal government substantive powers over poor relief. In fact, the national law simply mandated that local government set up poor law unions to provide an existence minimum to the poor, but otherwise left the regulation and provision of the poor laws to local officials. The German Poor Laws were not formally abolished until the 1961 Federal Social Welfare