Velocity the angular speed formula_27 and the magnitude of the displacement. such that Angular momentum in scalar form is the mass times the distance to the origin times the transverse velocity, or equivalently, the mass times the distance squared times the angular speed. The sign convention for angular momentum is the same as that for angular velocity. where The expression formula_33 is known as moment of inertia. If forces are in the radial direction only with an inverse square dependence, as in the case of a gravitational orbit, angular momentum is constant, and transverse speed is inversely proportional to the distance,
Thermal velocity Boltzmann constant, formula_2 is the temperature, and formula_3 is the mass of a particle, then we can write the different thermal velocities: If formula_4 is defined as the root mean square of the velocity in any one dimension (i.e. any single direction), then If formula_4 is defined as the mean of the magnitude of the velocity in any one dimension (i.e. any single direction), then If formula_4 is defined as the most probable speed, then If formula_4 is defined as the root mean square of the total velocity (in three dimensions), then If formula_4 is defined as the mean of