Toque roots are sometimes traced to the "casque à meche" (stocking cap) worn by 18th-century French chefs. The colour of the "casque à meche" denoted the rank of the wearer. Boucher, the personal chef of the French statesman Talleyrand, was the first to insist on white toques for sanitary reasons. The modern toque is popularly believed to have originated with the French chef Marie-Antoine Carême (1784–1833), who stiffened the "casque à meche" with cardboard . The pleated, low, round hat worn in French universities the equivalent of the mortarboard or tam at British and American universities is also called a toque.
A Kind of Loving to love. The novel has had some influence on the literary community, leaving the label "lad-lit" behind, although the term itself was not coined until the 1990s. In 1962 the novel was turned into a film "A Kind of Loving" directed by John Schlesinger and starring Alan Bates and June Ritchie. In 1982 ITV company Granada Television made a ten-part television series "A Kind of Loving" starring Clive Wood as Vic Brown and Joanne Whalley as Ingrid Brown. A Kind of Loving A Kind of Loving is a novel by the English novelist Stan Barstow. It has also been translated