Exsanguination itself originated from Latin: "ex" ("out of") and "sanguis" ("blood"). Exsanguination is used as a method of slaughter. Before the fatal incision is made, the animal may be rendered insensible to pain by various methods, including captive bolt, electricity or chemical. Without prior sedation, stunning or anesthetic, this method of slaughter causes a high degree of anxiety, although other religiously funded studies contradict these findings. The captive bolt is placed against the skull of the animal, and penetrates to cause tissue destruction in the brain, incapacitating the animal so that the procedure may take place. Electricity is used mostly to
Medically Unlikely Edit until 2009, with some of them remaining confidential out of concern for abuse . MUE are not intended to be utilization guidelines. Units less than listed may be inappropriate. It is difficult to establish to what extent private payers are using NCCI edits. Other than published CMS edits, there are no nationally recognized code edits, although there have been proposals to create some. A 2005 study found that private payers were applying "CPT codes, guidelines and conventions", "CMS payment rules", "National Correct Coding Initiative", and "Payer-specific proprietary edits" to claim, of these about 25% were "Payer-specific proprietary edits" Medically Unlikely