Mass in special relativity detail by Oliver Heaviside (1889) and George Frederick Charles Searle (1897). So the electrostatic energy behaves as having some sort of electromagnetic mass formula_25, which can increase the normal mechanical mass of the bodies. Then, it was pointed out by Thomson and Searle that this electromagnetic mass also increases with velocity. This was further elaborated by Hendrik Lorentz (1899, 1904) in the framework of Lorentz ether theory. He defined mass as the ratio of force to acceleration, not as the ratio of momentum to velocity, so he needed to distinguish between the mass formula_26 parallel to the direction of motion
Velocity Moments image formula_14, and similarly for formula_20. formula_21 introduces velocity into the equation as where formula_23 is the formula_18 coordinate of the centre of mass for the previous image, formula_25, and again similarly for formula_20. After the Cartesian velocity moment is calculated, it can be normalised by where formula_28 is the average area of the object, in pixels, and formula_29 is the number of images. Now the value is not affected by the number of images in the sequence or the size of the object. As Cartesian moments are non-orthogonal, so are Cartesian velocity moments, so different moments can be closely