Muzzle velocity design. In a side by side comparison with the .50 BMG, the titanium round "of any caliber" released almost 28 times the energy of the .50 BMG, with only a 27% mean loss in momentum. Energy, in most cases, is what is lethal to the target, not momentum. In conventional guns, muzzle velocity is determined by the quantity of the propellant (burn speed, expansion), the mass of the projectile, and the length of the barrel. A slower-burning propellant needs a longer barrel to burn completely, but can, on the other hand, use a heavier projectile. A faster-burning propellant may accelerate
Velocity Moments image, formula_4 is the intensity of the pixel at the point formula_5 in the image, and formula_6 is the basis function. Cartesian velocity moments are based on these Cartesian moments. A Cartesian velocity moment formula_7 is defined by where formula_2 and formula_3 are again the dimensions of the image, formula_11 is the number of images in the sequence, and formula_12 is the intensity of the pixel at the point formula_5 in image formula_14. formula_15 is taken from Central moments, added so the equation is translation invariant, defined as where formula_17 is the formula_18 coordinate of the centre of mass for