Mitral valve repair a 12-year-old girl with rheumatic mitral stenosis. The development of the heart-lung machine in the 1950s paved the way for "replacement" of the mitral valve with an artificial valve in the 1960s. For decades after, mitral valve replacement was the only surgical option for patients with a severely diseased mitral valve. However, there are some significant downsides to a prosthetic mitral valve. Infection of the valve can occur, which is dangerous and difficult to treat. Patients with mechanical heart valves are required to take blood thinners for the rest of their lives, which presents a risk of bleeding complications. The
Mitral insufficiency broad, notched P waves in several or many leads with a prominent late negative component to the P wave in lead V, and may be seen in MI, but also in mitral stenosis, and, potentially, any cause of overload of the left atrium. Thus, "P-sinistrocardiale" may be a more appropriate term. The degree of severity of MR can be quantified by the regurgitant fraction, which is the percentage of the left ventricular stroke volume that regurgitates into the left atrium. where V and V are, respectively, the volumes of blood that flow forward through the mitral valve and aortic valve