The Interpretation of Dreams over others (including Jean-Martin Charcot, Pierre Janet, and Richard von Krafft-Ebing) in silence, and with systematically avoiding "citing the passages in the works of his predecessors which came closest to his own theories." Neuropsychoanalyst Mark Blechner maintains that even if one does not agree with Freud's theories that all dreams are wish-fulfillments and that the strangeness of dreams is due to mental disguise, "The Interpretation of Dreams" remains an extraordinary scientific record of dream texts and an analysis of the mental operations that dreams demonstrate. The first translation from German into English was completed by A. A. Brill, a Freudian
Dream interpretation interpreting dreams to the interpretation of reciting certain Surahs of the Qur'an in one's dream. He writes that it is important for a layperson to seek assistance from an alim (Muslim scholar) who could guide in the interpretation of dreams with a proper understanding of the cultural context and other such causes and interpretations. Al-Kindi (Alkindus) (801–873) also wrote a treatise on dream interpretation: "On Sleep and Dreams". In consciousness studies, Al-Farabi (872–951) wrote the "On the Cause of Dreams", which appeared as chapter 24 of his "Book of Opinions of the people of the Ideal City". It was a