Velocity the angular speed formula_27 and the magnitude of the displacement. such that Angular momentum in scalar form is the mass times the distance to the origin times the transverse velocity, or equivalently, the mass times the distance squared times the angular speed. The sign convention for angular momentum is the same as that for angular velocity. where The expression formula_33 is known as moment of inertia. If forces are in the radial direction only with an inverse square dependence, as in the case of a gravitational orbit, angular momentum is constant, and transverse speed is inversely proportional to the distance,
Four-velocity are multiplied by the four-velocity, one then gets new physical four-vectors that have 4 independent components. For example: Effectively, the formula_27 factor combines with the Lorentz scalar term to make the 4th independent component Using the differential of the four-position, the magnitude of the four-velocity can be obtained: in short, the magnitude of the four-velocity for any object is always a fixed constant: The norm is also: so that: which reduces to the definition the Lorentz factor. Four-velocity In physics, in particular in special relativity and general relativity, a four-velocity is a four-vector in four-dimensional spacetime that represents the relativistic