Buddhism in Japan brought to Japan. Note that Zen influences are identifiable earlier in Japanese Buddhism, esp. cross-fertilization with Hosso and Kegon, but the independent schools were formed quite late. 1191: Eisai introduces the Rinzai school to Japan. Founder: Linji Yixuan (臨済義玄), China, c. 850 Chinese name: Linji school (臨済宗), named after founder First Introduction to Japan: Eisai (栄西), 1191 Major Influences: East Asian Yogācāra, Kegon Doctrine: zazen (坐禅, "sitting meditation"), especially kōan (公案, "public matter") practice Primary Texts: Transcendental Wisdom Sutras aka Prajnaparamita (般若波羅蜜経), incl. Heart Sutra 1227: Dōgen introduces the Sōtō (Caodong school) to Japan. Founders: Caoshan (曹山, Jp. "Sosan") and
Buddhism in Japan managed to establish Shingon as a school in its own right. Kūkai received two lineages of teaching—one based on the and the other based on the . The word "Shingon" is the Japanese pronunciation of "Zhēnyán" "True Words", which in turn is the Chinese translation of the Sanskrit word "mantra". 1175: Hōnen introduces Pure Land Buddhism to Japan. Jōdo-shū was founded by Hōnen (法然), 1175 Japanese name: 浄土, "Pure Land" Major Influences: Chinese Jingtu Zong (净土宗 "Pure Land school"), Tendai Doctrine: "Nianfo" Primary Text: "Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra" ("Muryōju-kyō" 無量壽経) Jōdo Shinshū was founded by Shinran (親鸞), 1224 Japanese name: 浄土真,