Exsanguination incapacitate swine, poultry and domestic sheep, whereas a chemical is used for injured livestock. Continued pumping operation of the heart during exsanguination increases the rate of depletion, and thus hastens death, by raising the fluid pressure of the blood. Because the heart operates like a positive displacement pump, reduction of blood volume will not affect efficiency of cardiac output—deprivation of blood to the heart does gradually result in diminished function, but concurrently with similar death of other parts in the body. Quickly after the animal is incapacitated it is hung upside down by its hind limbs and an extremely sharp
Medically Unlikely Edit until 2009, with some of them remaining confidential out of concern for abuse . MUE are not intended to be utilization guidelines. Units less than listed may be inappropriate. It is difficult to establish to what extent private payers are using NCCI edits. Other than published CMS edits, there are no nationally recognized code edits, although there have been proposals to create some. A 2005 study found that private payers were applying "CPT codes, guidelines and conventions", "CMS payment rules", "National Correct Coding Initiative", and "Payer-specific proprietary edits" to claim, of these about 25% were "Payer-specific proprietary edits" Medically Unlikely