Mitral valve replacement the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass. In a study of 99 patients who had mitral valve surgery for regurgitation from January 1990 to June 1996, overall mortality was 4%, which included 3 operative deaths and 4 late deaths. Overall 5-year survival rate was 92%. With mitral valve replacement surgery, there are risks such as bleeding, infection or reaction to anesthesia. Risks depend on a patient’s age, general condition, specific medical conditions, and heart function. Neuropsychological and psychopathologic changes following mitral valve replacement surgery have been recognized from the very beginning of modern heart surgery. Variables correlated with nonpsychotic mental disorder after
Mitral insufficiency MR and mitral valve prolapse are also common in Ehlers–Danlos syndromes. Secondary mitral insufficiency is due to the dilatation of the left ventricle that causes stretching of the mitral valve annulus and displacement of the papillary muscles. This dilatation of the left ventricle can be due to any cause of dilated cardiomyopathy including aortic insufficiency, nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, and Noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Because the papillary muscles, chordae, and valve leaflets are usually normal in such conditions, it is also called functional mitral insufficiency. Acute MR is most often caused by endocarditis, mainly "S. aureus". Rupture or dysfunction of the papillary muscle