Catholic emancipation Reaction against this led to riots in Scotland in 1779 and then the Gordon Riots in London on June 2, 1780. Further relief was given by an Act of 1782 allowing the establishment of Roman Catholic schools and bishops. The British Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791 was adopted by the Irish Parliament in 1792–93. Since the electoral franchise at the time was largely determined by property, this relief gave the votes to Roman Catholics holding land with a rental value of £2 a year. They also started to gain access to many middle-class professions from which they had been excluded,
Anti-Jewish violence in Central and Eastern Europe, 1944–46 in September 1945. A number of Jews was murdered in Kolbasov in December. Reportedly 13 anti-Jewish incidents called "partisan pogroms" took place 1–5 August 1946, the biggest one in Žilina, where 15 people were wounded. Anti-Semitic manifestations took place in Bratislava in August 1946 and in August 1948 including anti-Jewish riots in several other locations. In Kiev, Ukraine on September 4–7, 1945, around one hundred Jews were beaten, of whom thirty-six were hospitalized and five died of wounds. In Rubtsovsk, Russia a number of anti-Semitic incidents took place in 1945. Anti-Jewish violence in Central and Eastern Europe, 1944–46 The anti-Jewish