Geography of Sheffield county, from bituminous (ideal for domestic heating) to "Thick Coal", of a semi-anthracitic quality, appropriate for use in iron-smelting and in engine furnaces. Associated with the Upper Coal Measures were valuable iron ore deposits, occurring in the form of nodules. Large quantities of locally occurring fireclay were also exploited, as well as ganister (a clay used to make refractory furnace linings). The city of Sheffield derives its name from the River Sheaf which Until the 17th century was written as "Scheth" or "Sheath". Sidney Oldall Addy equates the origins of this word with the Old English "shed" (as in "water-shed")
City ward, Sheffield km) of Sheffield Cathedral. It is encircled by the Inner Ring Road, a circular route started in the late 1960s and now completed in 2008. As well as the cathedral, notable buildings in the city centre include the Grade I listed Town Hall, the City Hall, and the Winter Garden. Several areas of the city centre have been designated as "quarters". Of these, the Devonshire Quarter and Cultural Industries Quarter are the best known. Highfield () is an inner city district of Sheffield. It includes Bramall Lane football stadium, home of Sheffield United F.C. Kelham Island is one of Sheffield's