Pivot joint in rotating an arm inward). When rotating the forearm, these movements are typically called pronation and supination. In the standard anatomical position, the forearms are supinated, which means that the palms are facing forward, and the thumbs are pointing away from the body. In contrast, a forearm in pronation would have the palm facing backward and the thumb would be closer to the body, pointing medially. Examples of a pivot joint include: In contrast, spherical joints (or ball and socket joints) such as the hip joint permit rotation and all other directional movement, while pivot joints only permit rotation. Pivot
Bacterial gliding large macromolecular assemblies located on the bacterium's cell body, while yet another utilize "focal adhesion complexes" and "treadmilling" of surface adhesins distributed along the cell body. The gliding motility of "Flavobacterium johnsoniae" uses a helical track superficially similar to "M. xanthus", but via a different mechanism. Here the adhesin SprB is propelled along the cell surface (spiraling from pole to pole), pulling the bacterium along 25 times faster than "M. xanthus". "Flavobacterium johnsoniae" move via a screw-like mechanism and are powered by a proton motive force. Bacterial gliding Bacterial gliding is a process of motility whereby a bacterium can move