Vanessa cardui of the same species, he begins pursuit of her. If the foreign butterfly is a male, the original male will give chase, flying vertically for a few feet before returning to his perch. "V. cardui" establishes territories within areas sheltered by hedgerows. "Vanessa cardui" tend to inhabit sunny, brightly lit, open environments and are often attracted to open areas of flowers and clovers. Adults spend time in small depressions in the ground on overcast days. Larvae feed on Asteraceae species, including "Cirsium", "Carduus", "Centaurea", "Arctium", "Onopordum", "Helianthus", and "Artemisia". The painted lady uses over 300 recorded host plants according to
Black-and-orange flycatcher insects an hour whereas at mid-day they are half as efficient. The black-and-orange flycatcher along with the rufous-chested flycatcher ("Ficedula dumetoria") are the only sedentary species within the genus "Ficedula" and lack the longer and more pointed wing morphology of the long distant migrant members. Black-and-orange flycatcher The black-and-orange flycatcher or black-and-rufous flycatcher ("Ficedula nigrorufa") is a species of flycatcher endemic to the central and southern Western Ghats, the Nilgiris and Palni hill ranges in southern India. It is unique among the "Ficedula" flycatchers in having rufous coloration on its back and prior to molecular studies was suggested to be