Ciguatera fish poisoning bed rest subsequent to a guanabana juice enema. In Puerto Rico, natives drink a tea made from mangrove buttons, purportedly high in B vitamins, to flush the toxic symptoms from the system. There has never been a funded study of these treatments. Other folk treatments range from directly porting and bleeding the gastrointestinal tract to "cleansing" the diseased with a dove during a Santería ritual. Ciguatera fish poisoning Ciguatera fish poisoning, also known simply as ciguatera, is a foodborne illness caused by eating reef fish whose flesh is contaminated with certain toxins. Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, numbness, itchiness, sensitivity
Vibrio parahaemolyticus contaminated with "V. parahaemolyticus", which is associated with warmer waters from the Gulf of Mexico moving northward. Additionally, swimming or working in affected areas can lead to infections of the eyes, ears, or open cuts and wounds. Following Hurricane Katrina, 22 wounds were infected with "Vibrio", three of which were caused by "V. parahaemolyticus", and two of these led to death. Hosts of "V. parahaemolyticus" include: Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a curved, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium found in brackish, saltwater, which, when ingested, causes gastrointestinal illness in humans. "V. parahaemolyticus" is oxidase positive, facultatively aerobic, and does not form spores.