Ape years ago (Mya) the clades diverged into newer clades. The lesser apes are the gibbon family, Hylobatidae, of sixteen species; all are native to Asia. Their major differentiating characteristic is their long arms, which they use to brachiate through trees. Their wrists are ball and socket joints as an evolutionary adaptation to their arboreal lifestyle. Generally smaller than the African apes, the largest gibbon, the siamang, weighs up to ; in comparison, the smallest "great ape", the bonobo, is . Formerly, all the great apes except humans were classified as the family Pongidae, which conveniently provided for separating the human
Smallest organisms that lives between sand grains on the coast of India. Its maximum length is only 4 mm. The smallest sea urchin, "Echinocyamus scaber", has a test only 6 mm across. "Patiriella parvivipara" is the smallest starfish, at only 5 mm across. The smallest vertebrates (and smallest amphibians) known are "Paedophryne amauensis" frogs from Papua New Guinea, which range in length from , and average . Previously, the title of smallest vertebrate was held by members of the fish genus "Paedocypris" of Indonesia. The one of world's smallest fish based on the minimum size at maturity is "Paedocypris progenetica" from Indonesia,