Convex optimization of optimization problem is convex. "Standard form" is the usual and perhaps most intuitive form of describing a convex minimization problem. It consists of the following three parts: A convex minimization problem in standard form is thus written as In reality, this form of problem is exactly equivalent to a problem constrained by only equalities. You can rephrase the problem without equality constraints by replacing each equality constraint formula_52 with a pair of inequality constraints formula_64 and formula_65, and the previous analysis holds. This fact is why formula_53 being both convex and concave, i.e. both formula_53 and formula_68 are convex,
Parallel projection central or perspective projection, in which the rays pass through a fixed point called the "center" or "viewpoint", as this point is moved towards infinity. Put differently, a parallel projection corresponds to a perspective projection with an infinite focal length (the distance between the lens and the focal point in photography) or "zoom". In parallel projections, lines that are parallel in three-dimensional space remain parallel in the two-dimensional projected image. A perspective projection of an object is often considered more realistic than a parallel projection, since it more closely resembles human vision and photography. However, parallel projections are popular in