Vanessa cardui painted lady's migration pattern in northern Europe apparently does not follow a strict northwest heading. The range of headings suggests that migrating butterflies may adjust their migration patterns in response to local topographical features and weather, such as strong wind patterns. Laboratory-raised autumn-generation painted lady butterflies were able to distinguish a southern orientation for a return migration path. According to the same laboratory-based study, when butterflies were isolated from the sun, they were unable to orient themselves in a specific direction, opposed to those that did have access to the sun. This suggests that "V. cardui" requires a direct view
Tingis cardui Tingis cardui Tingis cardui is a Palearctic lacewing bug. The species is widespread in almost all of Europe and lacking only in the far North. It is common also in North Africa and East Asia minor and the Middle East as well as southern Russia and the Caucasus to Siberia and the North of China. "Tingis cardui " lives on "Cirsium", in particular on "Cirsium vulgare", but also on "Cirsium palustre" and less frequently on "Carduus nutans", "Carduus crispus", and "Carduus acanthoides". Overwintering occurs as an imago in the ground litter, or under loose bark. The bugs appear in April