CAD Overlay CAD Overlay CAD Overlay is a commercial software application for raster-to-vector translation in 2D computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting — available between 1988 and 1996 as a third-party application for AutoCAD and other CAD systems. Developed and marketed by Image Systems Technology, CAD Overlay was first released in January 1988 running on AutoCAD Version 2.6. CAD Overlay replaced the previous generation of automatic raster-to-vector translation systems by embedding scanned documents and images directly in the CAD system. CAD Overlay was derived from a custom AutoCAD application developed using the Nth Engine graphics board in 1987 by David Chassin for Image
Computer-assisted surgery fragments in fractures, allowing a good fixation by osteosynthesis. Early CAOS systems include the HipNav, OrthoPilot, and Praxim. With the advent of computer-assisted surgery, great progresses have been made in general surgery towards minimal invasive approaches. Laparoscopy in abdominal and gynecologic surgery is one of the beneficiaries, allowing surgical robots to perform routine operations, like colecystectomies, or even hysterectomies. In cardiac surgery, shared control systems can perform mitral valve replacement or ventricular pacing by small thoracotomies. In urology, surgical robots contributed in laparoscopic approaches for pyeloplasty or nephrectomy or prostatic interventions. Applications include atrial fibrillation and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Pre-operative