Bewick and Beanley Moors in association with old collapsing heather bushes. Conifer plantations aside, the moors have little woodland cover; what exists is found on the boundaries and following the paths of streams at lower elevations. Spwecies include alder ("Alnus glutinosa"), hawthorn ("Crataegus monogyna"), brown birch ("Betula pubescens"), rowan ("Sorbus aucuparia") and occasional ash ("Fraxinus excelsior"), and ground-cover of yellow pimpernel ("Lysimachia nemorum"), wood sorrel ("Oxalis acetosella") and smooth-stalked sedge ("Carex laevigata"). As with the bogs, so the woodland also provide transition locations, such as from wet birch-wood to purple moor-grass or to bogs of lesser pond-sedge ("Carex acutiformis"). Other wood species found include
Forests of the Iberian Peninsula form small enclaves or copses at the foot of rocky cliff edges or in the clearings of beech forests, on poor or acidic soils, accompanied by aspen ("Populus tremula") and mountain ash ("Sorbus aucuparia"). Birch may also grow in pure stands near the beech forests, in the mountainous areas on siliceous bedrock; these areas are typically of only small extent and generally quite patchy with sessile oak ("Quercus petraea") and trees of the genus "Sorbus". The silver fir ("Abies alba") is found on the cool, deep-soiled slopes of the flanks of the Pyrenees, from Navarre to Montseny, forming pure fir