Pneumatic artificial muscles conventional electric motors and hydraulic cylinders. Pneumatic artificial muscles Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) are contractile or extensional devices operated by pressurized air filling a pneumatic bladder. In an approximation of human muscles, PAMs are usually grouped in pairs: one agonist and one antagonist. PAMs were first developed (under the name of "McKibben Artificial Muscles") in the 1950s for use in artificial limbs. The Bridgestone rubber company (Japan) commercialized the idea in the 1980s under the name of Rubbertuators. The retraction strength of the PAM is limited by the sum total strength of individual fibers in the woven shell. The exertion
Traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body placenta in the ground for 7 to 8 years, and it dissolves into a fluid that is as clean as ice. In south China, people blend human placenta with "gāncǎo" 甘草 ""Glycyrrhiza uralensis"; Chinese licorice root", "shēngmá" 升麻 ""Cimicifuga simplex"; bugbane", and other drugs, which they store in a bottle, and bury in the ground for 3 to 5 years. Then they dig it up and use it medicinally. The 52.24 "rénpò" 人魄 "Human ghost (of a hanged person)" medicine refers to Chinese hun and po soul dualism between the "hun" 魂 "spiritual, ethereal, yang soul" that leaves the body