Newtonian telescope Newtonian telescope The Newtonian telescope, also called the Newtonian reflector or just the Newtonian, is a type of reflecting telescope invented by the English scientist Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727), using a concave primary mirror and a flat diagonal secondary mirror. Newton's first reflecting telescope was completed in 1668 and is the earliest known functional reflecting telescope. The Newtonian telescope's simple design makes it very popular with amateur telescope makers. Newton's idea for a reflecting telescope was not new. Galileo Galilei and Giovanni Francesco Sagredo had discussed using a mirror as the image forming objective soon after the invention of the
Newtonian dynamics a separate symbol and then treated as independent variables. The quantities are used as internal coordinates of a point of the phase space formula_20 of the constrained Newtonian dynamical system. Geometrically, the vector-function () implements an embedding of the configuration space formula_18 of the constrained Newtonian dynamical system into the formula_29-dimensional flat comfiguration space of the unconstrained Newtonian dynamical system (). Due to this embedding the Euclidean structure of the ambient space induces the Riemannian metric onto the manifold formula_18. The components of the metric tensor of this induced metric are given by the formula where formula_31 is the scalar