Convex and Concave Even the image on the flag is of reversible cubes. One can view these features as concave by viewing the image upside-down. All additional elements and decoration on the left are consistent with a viewpoint from above, while those on the right with a viewpoint from below: hiding half the image makes it very easy to switch between convex and concave. Convex and Concave Convex and Concave is a lithograph print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher, first printed in March 1955. It depicts an ornate architectural structure with many stairs, pillars and other shapes. The relative aspects of
Telecentric lens (or "collimated") illuminators, which produce a parallel light flow, often from LED sources. An image-space (or image-side) telecentric lens produces images of the same size regardless of the distance between the lens and the film or image sensor. This allows the lens to be focused to different distances without changing the size of the image. Image-space telecentric lenses have an exit pupil infinitely far in front of the lens; that is, if one looks in the back of the lens, the image of the aperture is very far away. At the film or image sensor, all of the chief rays