Ape years ago (Mya) the clades diverged into newer clades. The lesser apes are the gibbon family, Hylobatidae, of sixteen species; all are native to Asia. Their major differentiating characteristic is their long arms, which they use to brachiate through trees. Their wrists are ball and socket joints as an evolutionary adaptation to their arboreal lifestyle. Generally smaller than the African apes, the largest gibbon, the siamang, weighs up to ; in comparison, the smallest "great ape", the bonobo, is . Formerly, all the great apes except humans were classified as the family Pongidae, which conveniently provided for separating the human
Smallest organisms smallest crocodilian is the Cuvier's dwarf caiman ("Paleosuchus palpebrosus") from northern and central South America. It reaches up to in length. One of the smallest snakes known is the recently discovered Barbados threadsnake ("Leptotyphlops carlae"). Adults average about long, which is only about twice as long as the hatchlings. The Common blind snake("Indotyphlops braminus") measures long, uncommonly to long. The smallest known dinosaur (excluding modern birds) is "Anchiornis", a genus of feathered dinosaur that lived in what is now China during the Late Jurassic Period 160 to 155 million years ago. Adult specimens range from long, and the weight has