National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research through the following infrastructure: Head of the Department:Dr. Somnath Rout Prosthetics and orthotics science is now one of the world's fastest-growing area of research and development. Prosthetics is the study of prescribing, designing and fitting artificial replacements (may be any part of a normal human body) by biologically feasible materials, they may be internal (e.g., artificial body implants, internal knee joints used in knee joint replacement surgery, etc.) or external (artificial limbs, aesthetic fingers, etc.). One who is expert in this science is called as a prosthetist and mainly deals with the external replacements. A prosthetist deals with mainly amputees
Human artificial chromosome by these vectors not only leads to different expression levels, but the inserts also disrupt the original genome. HACs differ in this regard, as they are entirely separate chromosomes. This separation from existing genetic material assumes that no insertional mutants would arise. This stability and accuracy makes HACs preferable to other methods such as viral vectors, YACs and BACs. HACs allow for delivery of more DNA (including promoters and copy-number variation) than is possible with viral vectors. Yeast artificial chromosomes and bacterial artificial chromosomes were created before human artificial chromosomes, which first appeared in 1997. HACs are useful in expression