Inverted sugar syrup by gently heating. Inverted sugar syrup Invert(ed) sugar (syrup) is an edible mixture of two simple sugars—glucose and fructose—that is made by heating sucrose (table sugar) with water. Invert sugar is thought to be sweeter than table sugar, and foods that contain it retain moisture and crystallize less easily. Bakers, who call it "invert syrup", may use it more than other sweeteners. Though invert sugar syrup can be made by heating table sugar in water alone, the reaction can be sped up by adding lemon juice, cream of tartar or other catalysts often without changing the flavor noticeably. The mixture
Proper name (philosophy) vacuous while the proposition "Hesperus is Phosphorus" (Phosphorus being the Greek name of the evening star) conveys information. This puzzle suggests that there is something more to the meaning of the proper name than simply pointing out its referent. Many theories have been proposed about proper names, each attempting to solve the problems of reference and identity inherent in the concept. John Stuart Mill distinguished between connotative and denotative meaning, and argued that proper names included no other semantic content to a proposition than identifying the referent of the name and were hence purely denotative. Some contemporary proponents of a