Eucestoda the "broad tapeworm" or "fish tapeworm") and related species. Humans become infected by eating raw, undercooked, or marinated fish acting as a second intermediate or paratenic host harboring metacestodes or plerocercoid larvae. Clinical symptoms are due to the large size of the tapeworm, which often reaches a length exceeding 15 m. The most common symptom is pernicious anemia, caused by the absorption of vitamin B12 by the worm. Other symptoms include various intestinal issues, slight leukocytosis, and eosinophilia. This condition is caused by the plerocercoid larvae of the tapeworm "Spirometra". Humans become infected by drinking contaminated water, eating raw or
Foodborne illness not seen until 12–72 hours or more after eating contaminated food. However, in some cases, such as Staphylococcal food poisoning, the onset of illness can be as soon as 30 minutes after ingesting contaminated food. Most common bacterial foodborne pathogens are: Other common bacterial foodborne pathogens are: Less common bacterial agents: In addition to disease caused by direct bacterial infection, some foodborne illnesses are caused by enterotoxins (exotoxins targeting the intestines). Enterotoxins can produce illness even when the microbes that produced them have been killed. Symptom appearance varies with the toxin but may be rapid in onset, as in the