Newtonian telescope Newtonian telescope The Newtonian telescope, also called the Newtonian reflector or just the Newtonian, is a type of reflecting telescope invented by the English scientist Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727), using a concave primary mirror and a flat diagonal secondary mirror. Newton's first reflecting telescope was completed in 1668 and is the earliest known functional reflecting telescope. The Newtonian telescope's simple design makes it very popular with amateur telescope makers. Newton's idea for a reflecting telescope was not new. Galileo Galilei and Giovanni Francesco Sagredo had discussed using a mirror as the image forming objective soon after the invention of the
Galilean dialect and commented upon the Galilean Aramaic speech. Schöttgen's work, "Horae Ebraicae et Talmudicae", which studied the New Testament in the context of the Talmud, followed that of Lightfoot. Both scholars provided examples of differences between Galilean and Judean speech. The grammarian Gustaf Dalman identified "Galilean Aramaic," but he was doubted by Theodor Zahn. Porter (2000) notes that scholars have tended to be "vague" in describing exactly what a "Galilean dialect" entailed. Hoehner (1983) notes that the Talmud has one place with several amusing stories about Galilean dialect which indicate only a defective pronunciation of gutturals in the third and fourth