Galantamine sorceress Circe's drugs. It is believed that moly is the snowdrop "Galanthus nivalis", which is a source of galantamine. The descriptions of moly given by Greek physician and herbalist Dioscorides support moly's identity as "Galanthus nivalis". It has been proposed that the drugs Circe used were an extract from "Datura stramonium" (also known as jimsonweed), which causes memory loss and delirium. This would give a basis for the snowdrop's use as an antidote, as "Datura stramonium" is anticholinergic, while galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Galantamine is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate vascular dementia and Alzheimer's. In the
Amanita nivalis Amanita nivalis Amanita nivalis, the snow ringless amanita or mountain grisette, is a species of basidomycote fungus in the genus "Amanita". It was first described by the Scottish mycologist Robert Kaye Greville in 1826 from specimens found growing at high altitudes in the Scottish Highlands. He gave it the Latin epithet "nivalis" (of the snow) to indicate the alpine type habitat in which he found it growing rather than to describe its white colour. "Amanita nivalis" is a small species of fungus which is usually white when young but which becomes tinged with grey or buff as it ages. It