Eucestoda the "broad tapeworm" or "fish tapeworm") and related species. Humans become infected by eating raw, undercooked, or marinated fish acting as a second intermediate or paratenic host harboring metacestodes or plerocercoid larvae. Clinical symptoms are due to the large size of the tapeworm, which often reaches a length exceeding 15 m. The most common symptom is pernicious anemia, caused by the absorption of vitamin B12 by the worm. Other symptoms include various intestinal issues, slight leukocytosis, and eosinophilia. This condition is caused by the plerocercoid larvae of the tapeworm "Spirometra". Humans become infected by drinking contaminated water, eating raw or
Vibrio parahaemolyticus contaminated with "V. parahaemolyticus", which is associated with warmer waters from the Gulf of Mexico moving northward. Additionally, swimming or working in affected areas can lead to infections of the eyes, ears, or open cuts and wounds. Following Hurricane Katrina, 22 wounds were infected with "Vibrio", three of which were caused by "V. parahaemolyticus", and two of these led to death. Hosts of "V. parahaemolyticus" include: Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a curved, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium found in brackish, saltwater, which, when ingested, causes gastrointestinal illness in humans. "V. parahaemolyticus" is oxidase positive, facultatively aerobic, and does not form spores.