History of Scotland especially coal-mining. Scotland was already one of the most urbanised societies in Europe by 1800. The industrial belt ran across the country from southwest to northeast; by 1900 the four industrialised counties of Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, Dunbartonshire, and Ayrshire contained 44 per cent of the population. Glasgow became one of the largest cities in the world, and known as "the Second City of the Empire" after London. Shipbuilding on Clydeside (the river Clyde through Glasgow and other points) began when the first small yards were opened in 1712 at the Scott family's shipyard at Greenock. After 1860, the Clydeside shipyards specialised
School debating in Scotland new competition, the East of Scotland Debater, has since started. Regional heats have taken place and the final will be held on 4 June in St Andrews University's Parliament Hall. Finalists are Robert Gordon's College, Morrison's Academy, the High School of Dundee and Forfar Academy. The largest competition in Scotland for S1-S3 debaters and is run by English-Speaking Union Scotland. The 2006/7 competition received 113 entries. The competition is in BP format, with four teams of two competing in the debate. The 2007 grand final took place in the National Galleries of Scotland. The winners were Georgina Barker and Hannah