Artificial organ almost always preceded by extensive experiments with animals. Initial testing in humans is frequently limited to those either already facing death or who have exhausted every other treatment possibility. Artificial arms and legs, or prosthetics, are intended to restore a degree of normal function to amputees. Mechanical devices that allow amputees to walk again or continue to use two hands have probably been in use since ancient times, the most notable one being the simple peg leg. Since then, the development of artificial limbs has progressed rapidly. New plastics and other materials, such as carbon fiber have allowed artificial limbs
Human thermal environments their perceived thermal state. Laboratories at Loughborough University, led by Prof. K.C. Parsons, are currently among the leading research centres of the discipline in the UK. This article will be expanded at a later date. Human thermal environments Human Thermal Environments is a branch of the discipline Ergonomics, concerned with the thermal comfort (i.e. whether a person feels too cold, hot, 'sticky' etc.) of human beings in any, but especially in their working environment. Convective, conductive, radiative and insulating properties of the human body and the environment in which it finds itself are all variables whose effects are closely considered