Evolution of human colour vision opsins was increasing from 400 to 430. During this time, Ancestral Boreotherian had two long wave length opsins created by gene duplication, with one retaining the absolute max value of 560, equal to the ancestral value. This led to the creation of the modern human long wavelength sensitive, or red opsin. The other short wavelength sensitive opsin decreased its absolute max value to 530 and became the middle wavelength sensitive, or green-sensitive opsin. This occurred through mutations involving S180A, Y277F and T285A. The order that these mutations took place in the ancestral Boreotheria is currently not fully known. It is
Evolution of human colour vision place in Ancestral Boreoeutherian species with the 7 mutations on genetically reconstructed Boreoetherian short wavelength sensitive opsins. λmax values were shifted from a value of 357 to 411, an increase which indicated that human short wavelength sensitive opsins did indeed evolve from Ancestral Boreoeutherian species using these 7 mutations. Further analysis has shown that 4008 out of the 5040 possible trajectories were terminated prematurely due to nonfunctional pigments that were dehydrated. Mutagenesis results also reveal that ancestral human short wavelength sensitive opsin remained UV-sensitive until about 80 million years ago before gradually increasing its λmax by 20 75 million years