Mustard (condiment) The second element comes also from Latin "ardens", (hot, flaming). It was first attested in English in the late 13th century, though it was found as a surname a century earlier. Archeological excavations in the Indus Valley (Indian Subcontinent) have revealed that mustard was cultivated there. That civilization existed until about 1800 BC. The Romans were probably the first to experiment with the preparation of mustard as a condiment. They mixed unfermented grape juice (the must) with ground mustard seeds (called "sinapis") to make "burning must", "mustum ardens" — hence "". A recipe for mustard appears in "De re coquinaria",
Smoke ring (cooking) fuel source and that source's production of NO2. The highest concentrations of atmospheric NO2 can be achieved in a smoker through the utilization of charcoal briquets, or wood fires; both of which are capable of producing up to 200ppm (parts per million) NO2 in the cooking chamber. It has been suggested that greener woods produce more NO2, but are less suitable for cooking. Cooking "low and slow" is said to be key in the development of a smoke ring. This methodology, often cooking at temperatures under 225 degrees F for long periods of time, allows smoke to penetrate the meat