Concave function Concave function In mathematics, a concave function is the negative of a convex function. A concave function is also synonymously called concave downwards, concave down, convex upwards, convex cap or upper convex. A real-valued function formula_1 on an interval (or, more generally, a convex set in vector space) is said to be "concave" if, for any formula_2 and formula_3 in the interval and for any formula_4, A function is called "strictly concave" if for any formula_7 and formula_8. For a function formula_9, this second definition merely states that for every formula_10 strictly between formula_2 and formula_3, the point formula_13 on
Telecentric lens (or "collimated") illuminators, which produce a parallel light flow, often from LED sources. An image-space (or image-side) telecentric lens produces images of the same size regardless of the distance between the lens and the film or image sensor. This allows the lens to be focused to different distances without changing the size of the image. Image-space telecentric lenses have an exit pupil infinitely far in front of the lens; that is, if one looks in the back of the lens, the image of the aperture is very far away. At the film or image sensor, all of the chief rays