Pivot joint Pivot joint In animal anatomy, a pivot joint (trochoid joint, rotary joint, lateral ginglymus) is a type of synovial joint. In pivot joints, the axis of a convex articular surface is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the bone. According to one classification system, a pivot joint like the other synovial joint —the hinge joint has one degree of freedom. Note that the degrees of freedom of a joint is not the same as the same as joint's range of motion. Pivot joints allow for rotation, which can be external (for example when rotating an arm outward), or internal (as
Bacterial gliding Bacterial gliding Bacterial gliding is a process of motility whereby a bacterium can move under its own power. This process does not involve the use of flagella, pili, or fimbriae, all of which are more well-understood apparatuses used in bacterial motility. The mechanisms of gliding are only partially known. Generally, the process occurs whereby the bacterium moves along a surface in the general direction of its long axis. Gliding may occur via distinctly different mechanisms, depending on the type of bacterium. This type of movement has been observed in phylogenetically diverse bacteria such as cyanobacteria, myxobacteria, cytophaga, flavobacteria, and mycoplasmas,