RAF Scampton originally referred to as "Squadron X", was formed at Scampton in order to carry out the proposed raid, codenamed Operation Chastise. More commonly referred to as the "Dambusters Raid", the raid would go down as the most famous and widely remembered in the history of the Royal Air Force. On the night of 16–17 May 1943, 617 Sqn despatched 19 Lancasters from Scampton. Led by Wing Commander Guy Gibson, the main bulk of the squadron attacked the Sorpe, Eder and Möhne dams with an additional aircraft tasked to perform an attack on the Schwelm Dam. Both the Eder and Möhne
RAF Scampton arrived at Scampton from RAF Waddington and equipped with the Vulcan B.2. Together with 27 Squadron and 617 Squadron, who by this time had also taken delivery of the Vulcan B.2., the "Scampton Wing" was formed, the aircraft equipped with the Blue Steel stand-off missile. In April 1964, centralised servicing was introduced at RAF Scampton, meaning aircraft were no longer assigned to individual units but instead were ‘pooled’ and assigned to squadrons on a day-by-day basis. This meant that various Vulcans were flown by all three squadrons of the Scampton Wing, which was now was fully operational with Blue Steel.