American marten canadensis"), mountain lion ("Puma concolor"), fisher ("M. pennanti"), wolverine ("Gulo gulo"), grizzly bear ("Ursus arctos horribilis"), American black bear ("U. americanus"), and grey wolf ("C. lupus"). In northeastern Oregon, most predation (67%) occurred between May and August, and no predation occurred between December and February. The fur of the American marten is shiny and luxuriant, resembling that of the closely related sable. At the turn of the twentieth century, the American marten population was depleted due to the fur trade. The Hudson's Bay Company traded in pelts from this species among others. Numerous protection measures and reintroduction efforts have allowed
American marten of study. Juvenile survival rates were lower, ranging from 0.26 to 0.50. In Newfoundland, annual adult survival was 0.83. Survival of juveniles from October to April was 0.76 in a protected population, but 0.51 in areas open to snaring and trapping. In western Quebec, natural mortality rates were higher in clearcut areas than in unlogged areas. American marten are vulnerable to predation from raptors and other carnivores. The threat of predation may be an important factor shaping American marten habitat preferences, a hypothesis inferred from their avoidance of open areas and from behavioral observations of the European pine marten ("Martes