Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light, which, in a vacuum, is commonly denoted "c". In homogeneous, isotropic media, the oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, forming
Radiation pattern state the gain than to specify the effective aperture. The power delivered to the receiver is therefore more usually written as (see link budget). The effective aperture is however of interest for comparison with the actual physical size of the antenna. Radiation pattern In the field of antenna design the term radiation pattern (or antenna pattern or far-field pattern) refers to the "directional" (angular) dependence of the strength of the radio waves from the antenna or other source. Particularly in the fields of fiber optics, lasers, and integrated optics, the term radiation pattern may also be used as a synonym