Gaza Strip President Hosni Mubarak resigned on 28 May 2011, Egypt permanently opened its border with the Gaza Strip to students, medical patients, and foreign passport holders. Following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, Egypt's military has destroyed most of the 1,200 tunnels which are used for smuggling food, weapons, and other goods to Gaza. After the August 2013 Rabaa Massacre in Egypt, the border crossing was closed 'indefinitely.' Israel has alternately restricted or allowed goods and people to cross the terrestrial border and handles vicariously the movement of goods into and out of Gaza by air and sea. Israel largely provides for
Libya–Sudan relations country that has been accused of harboring radical Islamic groups. Above all, however, the Egyptian-Libyan initiative seems to reflect a joint fear on the part of the two countries that Washington supports the secession of southern Sudan and the break-up of an Arab country.” Libya–Sudan relations The Libyan–Sudanese relations refers to the long historical relations between Libya and Sudan, both are Arab countries. Conflict between Libya and Sudan has occurred intermittently since relations between the two countries began to deteriorate in 1972. Between 1967 and 1971 Libya–Sudan relations had been based on a positive foreign policy relationship with both nations