Eucestoda the "broad tapeworm" or "fish tapeworm") and related species. Humans become infected by eating raw, undercooked, or marinated fish acting as a second intermediate or paratenic host harboring metacestodes or plerocercoid larvae. Clinical symptoms are due to the large size of the tapeworm, which often reaches a length exceeding 15 m. The most common symptom is pernicious anemia, caused by the absorption of vitamin B12 by the worm. Other symptoms include various intestinal issues, slight leukocytosis, and eosinophilia. This condition is caused by the plerocercoid larvae of the tapeworm "Spirometra". Humans become infected by drinking contaminated water, eating raw or
Foodborne illness and The World Health Organization published have made a global ranking of food-borne parasites using a multicriteria ranking tool concluding that "Taenia solium" was the most relevant, followed by "Echinococcus granulosus", "Echinococcus multilocularis", and "Toxoplasma gondii". The same method was used regionally to rank the most important food-borne parasites in Europe ranking "Echinococcus multilocularis" of highest relevance, followed by "Toxoplasma gondii" and "Trichinella spiralis". Food may be contaminated during all stages of food production and retailing. In order to prevent viral contamination, regulatory authorities in Europe have enacted several measures: Foodborne illness Foodborne illness (also foodborne disease and colloquially referred