Jaime Balmes lottery, or to achieve write something coherent by moving the pen randomly on the paper. For Balmes, these are the three pillars of metaphysics. To better define this, there is an analysis of the " cogito ergo sum " Cartesian, according to which the affirmation of the "I think, therefore I exist" Cartesian is in principle a truth of conscience, later transformed into an intellectual truth of evidence, a logical syllogism whose reality is understood through intuition. Having founded the " cogito " on something intellectual, Descartes falls into the risk of reducing the " cogito " to something logical
Cogito, ergo sum "Meditations", Descartes phrases the conclusion of the argument as "that the proposition, "I am, I exist," is necessarily true whenever it is put forward by me or conceived in my mind." ("Meditation" II) At the beginning of the second meditation, having reached what he considers to be the ultimate level of doubt—his argument from the existence of a deceiving god—Descartes examines his beliefs to see if any have survived the doubt. In his belief in his own existence, he finds that it is impossible to doubt that he exists. Even if there were a deceiving god (or an evil demon),