Sorbus × hybrida by thrushes and waxwings, which disperse the seeds. It is a tetraploid species of hybrid origin between "S. aucuparia" (European rowan) and "S. intermedia" (Swedish whitebeam), the latter being a tetraploid triple hybrid between "S. aucuparia", "S. torminalis", and either "S. aria" or one of its close relatives. "S. intermedia" differs from "S. hybrida" in having the leaves less deeply lobed with no separate leaflets. Closely related "Sorbus meinichii" is a triploid or tetraploid species of hybrid origin between "S. hybrida" and "S. aucuparia" and differs in having the basal four to six pairs of lobes cut right to the
× Sorbaronia mitschurinii × Sorbaronia mitschurinii × "Sorbaronia mitschurinii, also known as Sorbaronia mitschurinii", is a domesticated species that was known until recently under the name "Aronia mitschurinii". It has been considered to be a group of cultivars of "Aronia melanocarpa", common ones including 'Viking' and 'Nero'. Genetic testing indicates it is likely a hybrid between "A. melanocarpa" and "Sorbus aucuparia" (mountain ash) that apparently originated in cultivation. It has been suggested that "Sorbaronia mitschurinii" is the product of Russian pomologist Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin's early 20th century experiments in wide hybridizations. This species is more robust than wild populations of "Aronia melanocarpa"; the