Kingdom of Sardinia and Aosta, dynastic possessions since the 11th century, the Principality of Piedmont (a possession built up in the 13th century), and the County of Nice (a possession since 1388). While in theory the traditional capital of the island of Sardinia and seat of its viceroys was Cagliari, the Piedmontese city of Turin was the "de facto" capital of Savoy. When the mainland domains of the House of Savoy were occupied and eventually annexed by Napoleonic France, the king of Sardinia made his permanent residence on the island for the first time in its history. The Congress of Vienna (1814–15), which
Independence Republic of Sardinia Sale. Independence Republic of Sardinia Independence Republic of Sardinia (, iRS) is a Sardist, left-wing nationalist and social-democratic and non-violent separatist political party in Sardinia. The party, whose long-time leader is Gavino Sale, supports the establishment of a "Republic of Sardinia" and its independence from Italy. The party emerged in 2001–2002 by the merger of "Su Cuncordu", a separatist platform animated by three Sardinian intellectuals living in Rome (Franciscu Sedda, Frantziscu Sanna and Franciscu Pala), and a splinter group from Sardinia Nation (SN) led by Gavino Sale. The latter and his followers left SN because of its alliance with the