Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy single-beam instrument, the cuvette containing only a solvent has to be measured first. Mettler Toledo developed a single beam array spectrophotometer that allows fast and accurate measurements over the UV/VIS range. The light source consists of a Xenon flash lamp for the ultraviolet (UV) as well as for the visible (VIS) and near-infrared wavelength regions covering a spectral range from 190 up to 1100 nm. The lamp flashes are focused on a glass fiber which drives the beam of light onto a cuvette containing the sample solution. The beam passes through the sample and specific wavelengths are absorbed by the
Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy seen a considerable revival with the increasing availability of synchrotron light sources which provide a wide range of monochromatic photon energies. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) refers to the measurement of kinetic energy spectra of photoelectrons emitted by molecules which have absorbed ultraviolet photons, in order to determine molecular orbital energies in the valence region. If Einstein's photoelectric law is applied to a free molecule, the kinetic energy (formula_1) of an emitted photoelectron is given by where "h" is Planck's constant, ν is the frequency of the ionizing light, and I is an ionization energy for the formation