CAD Overlay Integration Technology, a scanning service bureau in Schenectady, New York. In January 1988 Bob Godgart, David Chassin and Michael Mayernik formed Image Systems Technology in Troy, New York. The first version of CAD Overlay was demonstrated at A/E/C trade show in Chicago in May 1988. Subsequent versions include CAD Overlay ESP, CAD Overlay GSX, and CAD Overlay LFX. In 1995, Softdesk Inc. acquired Image Systems Technology and in 1996 Autodesk acquired Softdesk. CAD Overlay was subsequently rebranded as Autodesk CADOverlay. CAD Overlay CAD Overlay is a commercial software application for raster-to-vector translation in 2D computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting —
Computer-assisted surgery fragments in fractures, allowing a good fixation by osteosynthesis. Early CAOS systems include the HipNav, OrthoPilot, and Praxim. With the advent of computer-assisted surgery, great progresses have been made in general surgery towards minimal invasive approaches. Laparoscopy in abdominal and gynecologic surgery is one of the beneficiaries, allowing surgical robots to perform routine operations, like colecystectomies, or even hysterectomies. In cardiac surgery, shared control systems can perform mitral valve replacement or ventricular pacing by small thoracotomies. In urology, surgical robots contributed in laparoscopic approaches for pyeloplasty or nephrectomy or prostatic interventions. Applications include atrial fibrillation and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Pre-operative