Macaque China reported in the journal "Cell" the creation of two crab-eating macaque monkey clones, named "Zhong Zhong" and "Hua Hua", using the complex DNA transfer method that produced "Dolly" the sheep, for the first time. As of 2005, the authors of "Mammal Species of the World" recognized the following species and species groups, aside from the white-cheeked macaque which was described in 2015: Later studies disputed some of the species groupings. For example, Li, "et al", based on DNA testing, do not recognize the "M. fascularis" group. Rather, they place the crab-eating macaque within the "M. mulatta" group and the
Barbary macaque males who have helped them in the past, this is not as important as relatedness in determining coalitions. Males avoid conflicting with higher ranking males and will more frequently form coalitions with the higher ranking male in a conflict. Close grouping of males occur when infant Barbary macaques are present. Interactions between males are commonly initiated when a male presents an infant macaque to an adult male who is not caring for an infant, or when an unattached male approaches males who are caring for infants. This behaviour leads to a type of social buffering, which reduces the number of