Three Popes and the Jews Three Popes and the Jews Three Popes and the Jews is a 1967 book by Pinchas Lapide, a former Israeli Consul to Milan, who at the time of publication was a deputy editor in the Israeli Prime Ministers press office. The "three popes" are Pope Pius XII (1939-1958), Pope John XXIII (1958-1963), and Pope Paul VI (1963-1978). "The Catholic Herald" in its review of the book observed, ""The intentions of Mr. Lapide, deputy editor of the Prime Minister's press office in Israel and a pioneer of inter-faith relations, are so excellent that the reviewer finds it embarrassing to point out
Mariology of the popes Marian themes a key part of their papacy, e.g. Leo XIII issued a record eleven encyclicals on the rosary, Pius XII invoked the first (and to date only) case of "ex cathedra" papal infallibility to establish a Marian dogma and John Paul II built his personal coat of arms around the Marian Cross. Popes have also highlighted the key Catholic Mariological theme of the link between the study of Mary and the development of a full Christology, e.g. as in Pius XII's "Mystici corporis Christi" and John Paul II's "Redemptoris Mater". Popes were highly important for the development of doctrine