Bewick and Beanley Moors in association with old collapsing heather bushes. Conifer plantations aside, the moors have little woodland cover; what exists is found on the boundaries and following the paths of streams at lower elevations. Spwecies include alder ("Alnus glutinosa"), hawthorn ("Crataegus monogyna"), brown birch ("Betula pubescens"), rowan ("Sorbus aucuparia") and occasional ash ("Fraxinus excelsior"), and ground-cover of yellow pimpernel ("Lysimachia nemorum"), wood sorrel ("Oxalis acetosella") and smooth-stalked sedge ("Carex laevigata"). As with the bogs, so the woodland also provide transition locations, such as from wet birch-wood to purple moor-grass or to bogs of lesser pond-sedge ("Carex acutiformis"). Other wood species found include
Sorbus aucuparia birds and are thus propagated by being passed intact in their droppings. The fruit are eaten by about 60 bird species and several mammals. They are liked particularly by thrushes and other songbirds, and are also eaten by cloven-hoofed game, red fox, European badger, dormouse, and squirrel. Fruit of "S. aucuparia" are used as a food source by migratory birds in winter, including Bohemian waxwing, spotted nutcracker, and redwing. Cloven-hoofed game also excessively browse foliage and bark. The plant roots can be found in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal and less commonly with ectomycorrhizal fungi. It is usually later superseded by