Electrolytic capacitor conductivity of metals. In 1991 Panasonic came on the market with its "SP-Cap", called polymer aluminum electrolytic capacitors. These aluminum electrolytic capacitors with polymer electrolytes reached very low ESR values directly comparable to ceramic multilayer capacitors (MLCCs). They were still less expensive than tantalum capacitors and with their flat design for laptops and cell phones competed with tantalum chip capacitors as well. Tantalum electrolytic capacitors with PPy polymer electrolyte cathode followed three years later. In 1993 NEC introduced its SMD polymer tantalum electrolytic capacitors, called "NeoCap". In 1997 Sanyo followed with the "POSCAP" polymer tantalum chips. A new conductive polymer
SAL electrolytic capacitor loads have a much higher reliability with respect to tantalum electrolytic capacitors. In addition, the dielectric aluminum oxide in combination with the electrolyte manganese dioxide has a relatively high voltage resistance against wrong polarity. SAL electrolytic capacitors are used for filtering, smoothing coupling and decoupling applications in industrial, medical and automotive equipment. The axial style of SAL capacitors has military and high professional applications up to 200 °C. Compared to non-solid electrolytic capacitors, SAL capacitors Compared to polymer electrolytic capacitors, SAL capacitors The standardization for all electrical, electronic components and related technologies follows the rules given by the International Electrotechnical