Evolution of human colour vision that are found between 450 and 625. Individuals with various forms of colour blindness such as deuteranopia and protanopia are missing human middle wavelength sensitive or long wavelength sensitive opsins. Their minimum wavelength differences are <5 but only at around 500. Protanopes, who are missing long wavelength sensitive cones, are unable to distinguish between colours in the green-yellow-red section of the electromagnetic spectrum. They find yellow, red and orange colours to have much lower brightness when compared to a trichromat. The dimming of these colours can result in confusion in many cases, such as when attempting to identify red traffic
Evolution of human colour vision place in Ancestral Boreoeutherian species with the 7 mutations on genetically reconstructed Boreoetherian short wavelength sensitive opsins. λmax values were shifted from a value of 357 to 411, an increase which indicated that human short wavelength sensitive opsins did indeed evolve from Ancestral Boreoeutherian species using these 7 mutations. Further analysis has shown that 4008 out of the 5040 possible trajectories were terminated prematurely due to nonfunctional pigments that were dehydrated. Mutagenesis results also reveal that ancestral human short wavelength sensitive opsin remained UV-sensitive until about 80 million years ago before gradually increasing its λmax by 20 75 million years