Fur trade the "yasak" (or iasak) tax on natives and the 10% "Sovereign Tithing Tax" imposed on both the catch and sale of fur pelts. Fur was in great demand in Western Europe, especially sable and marten, since European forest resources had been over-hunted and furs had become extremely scarce. Fur trading allowed Russia to purchase from Europe goods that it lacked, like lead, tin, precious metals, textiles, firearms, and sulphur. Russia also traded furs with Ottoman Turkey and other countries in the Middle East in exchange for silk, textiles, spices, and dried fruit. The high prices that sable, black fox, and
Dietary biology of the golden eagle of the diet. Everything in this diverse family from least weasels ("Mustela nivalis"), the smallest mammalian carnivore, to wolverines ("Gulo gulo"), the largest terrestrial mustelid, have turned up as prey in golden eagle nests. The members of this family which are most regularly hunted are probably the martens, such as the American marten ("Martes americanus"), pine marten ("Martes martes") and beech marten. The young of larger species are also occasionally hunted in Scotland and Ireland, including Eurasian otters ("Lutra lutra") and Eurasian badgers ("Meles meles"). Similarly, amongst wolverines, “young and inexperienced” specimens are usually targeted as prey by golden eagles.