Amazon biome Amazonas, Brazil contains campinarana, dense rainforest and contact between campinarana and rainforest. The vegetation formations include terra firme forests and igapós. Submontane forests climb the first steps of the Guiana Plateau to about , followed by montane forests. Lichens and bromeliads are found up to . There is also alpine tundra in the tabular plateaus. The Amazon basin contains several large areas of moist forest, collectively called the Amazon rainforest. These are the Caquetá, Japurá-Solimões-Negro, Juruá-Purus, Madeira-Tapajós, Napo, Purus-Madeira, Solimões-Japurá, Southwest Amazon, Tapajós-Xingu, Tocantins-Pindara, Uatuma-Trombetas, Ucayali and Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests. Each has distinctive vegetation. In the broad definition favored by
Selective logging in the Amazon rainforest from initially low volume harvests of floodplains to much higher rates that remove around 25 million m3 of wood from the forest each year. The ecological, social, and economic impacts drive a better understanding of efficient forest management techniques. Logging in the Brazilian Amazon started when settlers came from Europe in the 17th century. Until the 1950s, logging was only allowed in floodplains around the main rivers and only in small portions. This changed as industrial mills started to populate the Amazon to produce sawn wood and veneer. These mills gained access to other areas of the Amazon through new