Lake Nemrut caldera are the trees dwarf juniper ("Juniperus communis"), Norway maple ("Acer platanoides"), European mountain ash ("Sorbus aucuparia"), common buckthorn ("Rhamnus cathartica"), sessile oak ("Quercus petraea"), pedunculate oak ("Quercus robur"), white willow ("Salix alba"), and the shrubs coinwort cotoneaster ("Cotoneaster nummularius"), cherry plum ("Prunus divaricata"), grey willow ("Salix cinerea"), Greek juniper ("Juniperus excelsa"), breaking buckthorn ("Frangula alnus"), alder buckthorn ("Frangula alnus") and mahaleb cherry ("Prunus mahaleb"). Steppe-like vegetation is spread over wide areas in the caldera. Those are mainly species of milkvetch ("Astragalus"). Other subshrubs and herbaceous plants are prickly thrift ("Acantholimon"), sainfoin ("Onobrychis"), sheep's sorrel ("Rumex acetosella"), "Thymus", "Alyssum", sheep's
Sorbus aucuparia which is a hybrid with "Sorbus aria". The main pests for "S. aucuparia" are the apple fruit moth "Argyresthia conjugella" and the mountain-ash sawfly "Hoplocampa alpina". The rust fungus "Gymnosporangium cornutum" produces leaf galls. The leaves are not palatable to insects, but are used by insect larvae, including by the moth "Venusia cambrica", the case-bearer moth "Coleophora anatipennella", and leaf miners of the genus "Stigmella". The snail "Helix aspersa" feeds on the leaves. The plant can suffer from fire blight. Fossils of "Sorbus aucuparia" have been described from the fossil flora of Kızılcahamam district in Turkey, which is of early