Demographic history of Scotland towns had populations of over 10,000, with the capital, Edinburgh, the largest with 57,000 inhabitants. The Highland and Lowland Clearances led to the depopulation of rural areas, but overall the population of Scotland grew rapidly in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. By 1801 it had reached 1,608,420 and it grew to 2,889,000 in 1851 and 4,472,000 in 1901. By the beginning of the twentieth century, one in three lived in the four cities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee and Aberdeen. Glasgow emerged as the largest city, with a population of 762,000 by 1901, making it "the Second City of the
Largest organisms shorter than some other echinoderms. The longest echinoderm known is the conspicuous sea cucumber "Synapta maculata", with a slender body that can extend up to . In comparison, the biggest sea star is the brisingid sea star "Midgardia xandaros", reaching a span of , despite being quite slender. "Evasterias echinosoma" is another giant echinoderm and can measure up to across and weigh . The largest nemertean is the bootlace worm, "Lineus longissimus". A specimen found washed ashore on a beach in St. Andrews, Scotland in 1864 was recorded at a length of . Both the largest mollusks and the largest