Fur trade marten furs could generate in international markets spurred a "fur fever" in which many Russians moved to Siberia as independent trappers. From 1585 to 1680, tens of thousands of sable and other valuable pelts were obtained in Siberia each year. The primary way for the Muscovite state to obtain furs was by exacting a fur tribute from the Siberian natives, called a "yasak". "Yasak" was usually a fixed number of sable pelts which every male tribe member who was at least fifteen years old had to supply to Russian officials. Officials enforced "yasak" through coercion and by taking hostages, usually
Dietary biology of the golden eagle of the diet. Everything in this diverse family from least weasels ("Mustela nivalis"), the smallest mammalian carnivore, to wolverines ("Gulo gulo"), the largest terrestrial mustelid, have turned up as prey in golden eagle nests. The members of this family which are most regularly hunted are probably the martens, such as the American marten ("Martes americanus"), pine marten ("Martes martes") and beech marten. The young of larger species are also occasionally hunted in Scotland and Ireland, including Eurasian otters ("Lutra lutra") and Eurasian badgers ("Meles meles"). Similarly, amongst wolverines, “young and inexperienced” specimens are usually targeted as prey by golden eagles.