Lake Peipus the town. Near Kallaste, there is one of the largest surfacings of Devonian sandstone with a length of and a maximum height of , as well as several caves and one of the largest colonies of swallows in Estonia. Lake Peipus Lake Peipus (; ; ) is the largest transboundary lake in Europe, lies on the border between Estonia and Russia. The lake is the fifth-largest in Europe after Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega (in Russia north of St. Petersburg), Lake Vänern (in Sweden), and Lake Saimaa (in Finland). Lake Peipus represents a remnant of a body of water which
Staraya Ladoga the town's military significance also decreased. Ladoga belonged to the Vodskaya pyatina of the Republic and contained eighty-four homesteads in the 15th century; most of the land belonged to the church. The Novgorodians built there a citadel with five towers and several churches. The reconstruction of one of the towers of Staraya Ladoga's fortress was scheduled to be completed in 2010. The heart of Staraya Ladoga is an old fortress where the Yelena River flows into the Volkhov. In earlier times, it was a strategic site because it was the only possible harbor for sea-vessels that could not navigate through