Pack animal Pack animal A pack animal or beast of burden is an individual or type of working animal used by humans as means of transporting materials by attaching them so their weight bears on the animal's back, in contrast to draft animals which pull loads but do not carry them. Traditional pack animals are diverse including camels, goats, yaks, reindeer, water buffaloes, and llamas as well as the more familiar pack animals like horses, donkeys and mules. The term "pack animal" is traditionally used in contrast to "draft animal", which is a working animal that typically pulls a load behind itself
Matroid girth oracle, it is impossible to find the girth using a subexponential number of matroid queries. Similarly, for a real linear matroid of rank , with elements, described by an oracle that gives the orientation of any -tuple of elements, it requires formula_1 oracle queries to determine the girth. Computations using a girth oracle (an oracle that reports the smallest dependent subset of a given set of elements) have also been considered. Matroid girth In matroid theory, a mathematical discipline, the girth of a matroid is the size of its smallest circuit or dependent set. The cogirth of a matroid is