Foehn wind 3) Mechanical mixing: When river water passes over rocks, turbulence is generated in the form of rapids, and white water reveals the turbulent mixing of the water with the air above. Similarly, as air passes over mountains, turbulence occurs and the atmosphere is mixed in the vertical. This mixing generally leads to a downward warming and upward moistening of the cross-mountain airflow, and consequently to warmer, drier foehn winds in the valleys downwind. 4) Radiative warming: Dry foehn conditions are responsible for the occurrence of rain shadows in the lee of mountains, where clear, sunny conditions prevail. This often leads
Single crossing condition ordered set. Such situations appear often in information economics, contract theory, social choice and political economics, among other fields. The term Single-Crossing Condition (Spence Mirrlees property) refers to the requirement that the isoutility curve for agents of different types cross only once. This condition guarantees that the transfer in a incentive-compatible direct mechanism can be pinned down by the transfer of the lowest type. This condition is similar to another condition called Strict Increasing Difference (SID). Formally, suppose the agent has a utility function formula_7, the SID says formula_8 we have formula_9. The Spence-Mirrlees Property is characterized by formula_10. Single