International Standard Name Identifier was published on 15 March 2012. The ISO technical committee 46, subcommittee 9 (TC 46/SC 9) is responsible for the development of the standard. 2013-09-01 "INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 27729:2012 TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1" was published. The FAQ of the isni.org websites states "An ISNI is made up of 16 digits, the last character being a check character." In display it is frequently shown with spaces. The ISNI allows a single identity (such as an author's pseudonym or the imprint used by a publisher) to be identified using a unique number. This unique number can then be linked to any of the
Standard Bank (historic) African group, which has expanded outside South Africa, including forming a subsidiary in the United Kingdom known as Standard Bank London. The original 1862 company changed its name in 1985 from Standard Bank PLC to Standard Chartered Bank Africa PLC, and is now named Standard Chartered Africa Ltd. Standard Bank (historic) The Standard Bank was a British overseas bank, which operated mainly in Africa from 1863 to 1969. It merged with the Chartered Bank in 1969 to form Standard Chartered. The bank was incorporated in London on 15 October 1862 as Standard Bank of British South Africa. It was formed