Guru Granth Sahib the guru disowned him and forbade his Sikhs to associate with him or his descendants. A partial English translation of Guru Granth Sahib by Ernest Trumpp was published in 1877. The work was for use by Christian missionaries, and received extremely negative feedback from Sikhs. Max Arthur Macauliffe also partially translated the text for inclusion in his six-volume "The Sikh Religion", published by Oxford University Press in 1909. His translations are closer to the Sikhs' own interpretation of the holy scripture, and were received well by them. The first complete English translation of Guru Granth Sahib, by Gopal Singh, was
Guru Granth Sahib gurus. Numerous holy men, aside from the Sikh gurus, are collectively referred to as "Bhagats" or "devotees." In 1708 Guru Gobind Singh conferred the title of "Guru of the Sikhs" upon the Adi Granth. The event was recorded in a "Bhatt Vahi" (a bard's scroll) by an eyewitness, Narbud Singh, who was a bard at the Rajput rulers' court associated with gurus. A variety of other documents also attest to this proclamation by the tenth guru. Thus, despite some aberrations, Sikhs since then have accepted Guru Granth Sahib, the sacred scripture, as their eternal-living guru, as the embodiment of the