19th-century philosophy of complexity from mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, and a new discipline called "sociology", which is the study of the "dynamics and statics of society". The American philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce and William James developed the pragmatist philosophy in the late 19th century. The twilight years of the 19th century in Britain saw the rise of British idealism, a revival of interest in the works of Kant and Hegel. Transcendentalism was rooted in Immanuel Kant's transcendence and German idealism, led by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. The main belief was in an ideal spiritual state that 'transcends' the
David Livingstone in Blantyre, Scotland. The following species have been named in honour of David Livingstone: Livingstone has been portrayed by M.A. Wetherell in "Livingstone" (1925), Percy Marmont in "David Livingstone" (1936), Sir Cedric Hardwicke in "Stanley and Livingstone" (1939), Bernard Hill in "Mountains of the Moon" (1990) and Sir Nigel Hawthorne in the TV movie "Forbidden Territory" (1997). The 1949 comedy film "Africa Screams" is the story of a dimwitted clerk named Stanley Livington (played by Lou Costello), who is mistaken for a famous African explorer and recruited to lead a treasure hunt. The character's name appears to be a play