Cutlery mustard spoon and lettuce fork. Steel was always used for more utilitarian knives, and pewter was used for some cheaper items, especially spoons. From the nineteenth century, electroplated nickel silver (EPNS) was used as a cheaper substitute for sterling silver. In 1913, the British metallurgist Harry Brearley discovered stainless steel by chance and this metal has come to be the predominant one used in cutlery. An alternative is melchior, corrosion-resistant nickel and copper alloy, which can also sometimes contain manganese and nickel-iron. Plastic cutlery is made for disposable use, and is frequently used outdoors for camping, excursions, and barbecues for
Heidi Messer recognized a core problem that existed on the World Wide Web making it difficult to value online traffic. They set out to create an online distribution network that would allow websites to monetize their traffic through performance based links. Messer served as President and COO of LinkShare until its sale in 2005 to Rakuten Inc. for $425 million. In 2006, Messer exited the company, which was later renamed Rakuten LinkShare. In 2008, Messer co-founded Cross Commerce Media with her husband, Tad Martin and brother. She currently serves on its board of directors as the company's Chairman. Messer and her co-founders