Missionaries of Charity outside India was in Venezuela, and others followed in Rome and Tanzania, and eventually in many countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe, including Albania. In 1979 the Contemplative branch of the Brothers was added and in 1984 a priest branch, the Missionaries of Charity Fathers, was founded by Mother Teresa with Fr. Joseph Langford, combining the vocation of the Missionaries of Charity with the Ministerial Priesthood. As with the Sisters, the Fathers live a very simple lifestyle without television, radios or items of convenience. They neither smoke nor drink alcohol and beg for their food. They make a visit to
Nirmala (novel) issues. The story uses fiction to highlight an era of much needed social reform in 1920s Indian society. "Nirmala" was serialized in 1928 in "Chand", a women’s magazine in which the novel’s feminist character was represented. "Nirmala" is somewhat like "Godaan" (published in 1936) in that it deals with the exploitation of the village poor, and was translated by multiple scholarly translators. It was first translated in 1988 as "The Second Wife" by David Rubin, and in 1999 as "Nirmala" by Alok Rai, Premchand's grandson. Udayabhanu Lal, a lawyer by profession, arranged to marry off his 15-years-old daughter Nirmala to