Surcingle longe lines, requires the use of a surcingle to thread the longe lines through the rings. Compared to a saddle, a surcingle allows more precise adjustment of side reins due to the placement of additional rings. While a saddle only provides one height to attach the rings (the girth buckles), and can be uneven or at the wrong position, a training surcingle places rings at more appropriate locations for ground work. Many surcingle designs allow the side reins to be attached at several different heights along the sides of the horse. When used without a saddle, a surcingle sits just
Animal testing on rodents Epigenetics, and the Inescapable Problem of Animal Constraint. Animal Models of Behavior Genetics, (Springer, 2016), pp. 265–301. Animal testing on rodents Rodents are commonly used in animal testing, particularly mice and rats, but also guinea pigs, hamsters, gerbils and others. Mice are the most commonly used vertebrate species, due to their availability, size, low cost, ease of handling, and fast reproduction rate. In the UK in 2015, there were 3.33 million procedures on rodents (80% of total procedures that year). The most common species used were mice (3.03 million procedures, or 73% of total) and rats (268,522, or 6.5%). Other