Southern Kurdish alphabet Southern Kurdish alphabet The Kurdish varieties mostly are written in either of two alphabets: a Latin alphabet introduced by Jeladet Ali Bedirkhan in 1932 (Bedirxan alphabet, or Hawar after the Hawar magazine), and an Perso-Arabic-based Sorani alphabet, named for the historical Soran Emirate of the present-day Iraqi Kurdistan. While the Latin script is dominating Kurdish mass media everywhere; the Sorani script is just confined in Iraq and Iran. Two additional alphabets, based on the Armenian and Cyrillic scripts, were once used in Soviet Armenia. Kirmaşanî (Kermashani) is the Southern branch of Kurdish language. Kirmaşanî uses Hawar alphabet with some modifications.
Cyril Crossland papers result from his stay on the Sudan Coast; his large manuscript on the biology and cultivation of the pearl oyster never found publication. The World Register of Marine Species lists 67 marine species named by Crossland, many of which have become synonyms. Sixty marine species were named after him with the epithet "crosslandi". Cyril Crossland Cyril Crossland (1878 – 1943) was an English zoologist. He worked as an assistant to Charles Eliot. He studied several groups of marine animals, especially the Protozoa, Corals and Molluscs. Cyril Crossland (1878-1943) was born in Sheffield, the son of landscape painter James Henry