International Standard Name Identifier was published on 15 March 2012. The ISO technical committee 46, subcommittee 9 (TC 46/SC 9) is responsible for the development of the standard. 2013-09-01 "INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 27729:2012 TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1" was published. The FAQ of the isni.org websites states "An ISNI is made up of 16 digits, the last character being a check character." In display it is frequently shown with spaces. The ISNI allows a single identity (such as an author's pseudonym or the imprint used by a publisher) to be identified using a unique number. This unique number can then be linked to any of the
International Standard Book Number are 10 for France, 11 for the Republic of Korea, and 12 for Italy. The original 9-digit standard book number (SBN) had no registration group identifier, but prefixing a zero (0) to a 9-digit SBN creates a valid 10-digit ISBN. The national ISBN agency assigns the registrant element (cf. ) and an accompanying series of ISBNs within that registrant element to the publisher; the publisher then allocates one of the ISBNs to each of its books. In most countries, a book publisher is not required by law to assign an ISBN; however, most bookstores only handle ISBN bearing publications. A