International Standard Name Identifier was published on 15 March 2012. The ISO technical committee 46, subcommittee 9 (TC 46/SC 9) is responsible for the development of the standard. 2013-09-01 "INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 27729:2012 TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1" was published. The FAQ of the isni.org websites states "An ISNI is made up of 16 digits, the last character being a check character." In display it is frequently shown with spaces. The ISNI allows a single identity (such as an author's pseudonym or the imprint used by a publisher) to be identified using a unique number. This unique number can then be linked to any of the
International Standard Book Number to full EAN-13, in 2005, eased migration to the <nowiki>ISBN-13</nowiki> in North America. International Standard Book Number The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation (except reprintings) of a book. For example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, and 10 digits long if assigned before 2007. The method of