19th-century philosophy of complexity from mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, and a new discipline called "sociology", which is the study of the "dynamics and statics of society". The American philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce and William James developed the pragmatist philosophy in the late 19th century. The twilight years of the 19th century in Britain saw the rise of British idealism, a revival of interest in the works of Kant and Hegel. Transcendentalism was rooted in Immanuel Kant's transcendence and German idealism, led by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. The main belief was in an ideal spiritual state that 'transcends' the
David Stanley Evans position he held until his retirement in 1986. He received the Gill Medal of the Astronomical Society of South Africa in 1988. He wrote eight books including an introduction to astronomy. Evans died in Austin on 14 November 2004. At the time of his death, he had completed a book with Karen Winget on the eclipse expedition to Mauritania. David Stanley Evans David Stanley Evans (28 January 1916 – 14 November 2004) was a British astronomer, noted for his use of lunar occultations to measure stellar angular diameters during the 1950s. Evans was born in Cardiff, Wales on 28 January