Missionaries of Charity Missionaries of Charity The Missionaries of Charity () is a Roman Catholic (Latin Church) religious congregation established in 1950 by Mother Teresa, now known in the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta. In 2012 it consisted of over 4,500 religious sisters. Members of the order designate their affiliation using the order's initials, "M.C." A member of the congregation must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, obedience, and the fourth vow, to give "wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor." Today, the order consists of both contemplative and active branches in several countries. Missionaries care for those
Nirmala (novel) issues. The story uses fiction to highlight an era of much needed social reform in 1920s Indian society. "Nirmala" was serialized in 1928 in "Chand", a women’s magazine in which the novel’s feminist character was represented. "Nirmala" is somewhat like "Godaan" (published in 1936) in that it deals with the exploitation of the village poor, and was translated by multiple scholarly translators. It was first translated in 1988 as "The Second Wife" by David Rubin, and in 1999 as "Nirmala" by Alok Rai, Premchand's grandson. Udayabhanu Lal, a lawyer by profession, arranged to marry off his 15-years-old daughter Nirmala to