Sport in the Netherlands sports began at the beginning of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Federations for sports were established (such as the speed skating federation in 1882), rules were unified and sports clubs came into existence. A Dutch National Olympic Committee was established in 1912. Thus far, the nation has won 230 medals at the Summer Olympic Games and another 78 medals at the Winter Olympic Games. An influential figure in Dutch sport was Pim Mulier. In 1879 he founded the first rugby and football club in the Netherlands, he was involved in forming the first tennis club
Armenian Sport in the Ottoman Empire Olympic Games were held in Constantinople. From 1911 to 1914, Shavarsh Chrisyan published the "Marmnamarz" sports magazine. It was the first sports periodical in the Ottoman Empire . Its name "Marmnamarz" meant sport in Armenian. For the first time in the history of Turkish Olympic Games, two Armenian sportsmen--Vahram Papazyan and Mkrtich Mkryan represented Ottoman Turkey in the Fifth International Olympic Games in Stockholm in 1912. In 1915-1920, many Armenian sportsmen became victims of the genocide and most of the Armenian sports clubs were shut down. On the eve of World War I there were about 40 Armenian athletic clubs