Pied-Noir at the end of the Algerian War until August 1969, when the French Minister of Veterans Affairs ("Ministre des Anciens Combattants") at the time, Henri Duvillard, lifted the prohibition. Pied-Noir Pied-Noir (, ""Black-Foot""), plural Pieds-Noirs, is a term primarily referring to people of European, mostly ethnic French origin, who were born in Algeria during the period of French rule from 1830 to 1962. More broadly, it can refer to other foreign-origin persons, both Christian and Jewish, from all parts of the Mediterranean whose families had also migrated under French occupation in the 19th and 20th centuries to French Algeria, the
Pied-piping Pied-piping in English is optional with many prepositions ("in", "of", "on", "to", "with", etc.). Colloquial registers prefer to avoid pied-piping whenever possible, whereas a more formal register can opt for pied-piping. The issue is understood in terms of preposition stranding. When a preposition is stranded, pied-piping has not occurred, whereas when preposition stranding is avoided, pied-piping of the preposition has occurred, e.g. The debate surrounding the stylistic acceptability of preposition stranding can hence be illuminated by an understanding of pied-piping. Broadly construed, pied-piping occurs in other types of discontinuities beyond wh-fronting, that is, if one views just part of a