Stigma (botany) Stigma (botany) The stigma (plural: stigmata) is the receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower. The stigma, together with the style and ovary comprises the pistil, which in turn is part of the gynoecium or female reproductive organ of a plant. The stigma forms the distal portion of the style or stylodia. The stigma is composed of , the cells which are receptive to pollen. These may be restricted to the apex of the style or, especially in wind pollinated species, cover a wide surface. The stigma receives pollen and it
Plant physiology plants in a water solution rather than soil, which has become a standard technique in biological research, teaching lab exercises, crop production and as a hobby. One of the leading journals in the field is "Plant Physiology", started in 1926. All its back issues are available online for free. Many other journals often carry plant physiology articles, including "Physiologia Plantarum", "Journal of Experimental Botany", "American Journal of Botany", "Annals of Botany", "Journal of Plant Nutrition" and "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences." In horticulture and agriculture along with food science, plant physiology is an important topic relating to fruits,