Northern red-backed vole northern forest and shrubland habitats. They occur in every major forest type in central Alaska. Plant species commonly found in areas occupied by northern red-backed voles include black spruce ("Picea mariana"), white spruce ("P. glauca"), quaking aspen ("Populus tremuloides"), paper birch ("Betula papyrifera"), alder ("Alnus" spp.), willow ("Salix" spp.), mountain cranberry ("Vaccinium vitis-idaea"), blueberry and bilberry ("Vaccinium" spp.), bunchberry ("Cornus canadensis"), and a variety of grasses and forbs. Important fungi, mosses and lichens include truffle ("Endogone fascilulata"), Schreber's moss ("Pleurozium schreberi"), mountain fern moss ("Hylocomium splendens"), sphagnum ("Sphagnum" spp.), and lichens ("Cladonia and Peltigera" spp.). The breeding season of northern
Plant functional type Plant functional type Plant functional types (PFTs) is a system used by climatologists to classify plants according to their physical, phylogenetic and phenological characteristics as part of an overall effort to develop a vegetation model for use in land use studies and climate models. PFTs provide a finer level of modeling than biomes, which represent gross areas such as desert, savannah, deciduous forest. In creating a PFT model, areas as small as 1 km are modeled by defining the predominant plant type for that area, interpreted from satellite data or other means. For each plant functional type, a number of