Comic opera and humour, Offenbach's works were intended solely to amuse. Though generally well crafted and full of humorous satire and grand opera parodies, plots and characters in his works were often interchangeable. Given the frenetic pace at which he worked, Offenbach sometimes used the same material in more than one opera. Another Frenchman who took up this form was Charles Lecocq (1832–1918). The singspiel developed in 18th-century Vienna and spread throughout Austria and Germany. As in the French "opéra comique", the "singspiel" was an opera with spoken dialogue, and usually a comic subject, such as Mozart's "Die Entführung aus dem Serail
Jeremy Koh Chen, and baritone Stephen Roberts. Koh is the first Singaporean to win the Tan Ngiang Kaw/Tan Ngiang Ann Memorial Vocal Competition. He was also awarded the certificate of special mention and bronze award at the 5th Bangkok Opera Foundation International Singing Competition (2013). Koh's operatic endeavors include Raoul de St. Brioche (The Merry Widow), Bastien (Bastien und Bastienne), Gingerbread Witch (Hansel and Gretel), Kornélis (La Princesse Jaune), Scholar Luo (Liu San Jie), Frantz (Le 66), Alfred (Die Fledermaus), Zacharia (The Blind Beggars) and He from the world premiére of Nicole Murphy’s The Kamikaze Mind. As a concert soloist, he has