New York City the city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. In 1664, the city was named in honor of the Duke of York, who would become King James II of England. James's older brother, King Charles II, had appointed the Duke proprietor of the former territory of New Netherland, including the city of New Amsterdam, which England had recently seized from the Dutch. During the Wisconsinan glaciation, 75,000 to 11,000 years ago, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over
New York City English the (moribund) coil–curl merger, raising of to , a similar split in the short-"a" system, and "th"-stopping. Therefore, older New York City English also presumably influenced dialect evolution in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Albany, New York, whose older speakers in particular may still exhibit a short-"a" split system that appears to be an expanded or generalized variant of the New York City short-"a" system. Unsurprisingly, certain New York City dialect features also appear in New York Latino English. Though William Labov argued in 2010 that the New York accent is basically stable at the moment, some recent studies have revealed a