Trojan (celestial body) whatever the planet and trojan masses. And if = , then both must exceed 13+√168 ≈ 25.9615. But all this assumes a three-body system: once other bodies are introduced, even if distant and small, stability of the system requires larger ratios. Trojan (celestial body) In astronomy, a trojan is a minor planet or moon that shares the orbit of a planet or larger moon, wherein the trojan remains in the same, stable position relative to the larger object. In particular, a trojan remains near one of the two trojan points of stability – designated and – which lie approximately 60°
Abnormal return where: AR - abnormal return for firm i on day t R - actual return for firm i on day t E(R) – expected return for firm i on day t A common practice is to standardise the abnormal returns with the use of the following formula: formula_3 where: SAR - standardised abnormal returns SD – standard deviation of the abnormal returns The SD is calculated with the use of the following formula: formula_4 where: S – the residual variance for firm i, R – the return on the stock market index on day t, R – the average return