Hub-and-spoke conspiracy in the conspiracy. My colleagues believe, and I believe, that there was no such evidence in this record. In short, there was no rim to this wheel, or to put it in more conventional antitrust language, there was no proof of a horizontal conspiracy. However, he considered it proper to find a single conspiracy as in "Poliafico". He found "Kotteakos" inapplicable because that was a ruling to protect the spokes from being tarred with one another's conduct after the hub had pleaded guilty. Here, in contrast, the supplier spokes are not in court, "and the case proceeds against the central
Wheel stud Wheel stud Wheel studs are the threaded fasteners that hold on the wheels of many automobiles. They are semi-permanently mounted directly to the vehicle hub, usually through the brake drum or brake disk. Lug nuts are fastened onto the wheel stud to secure the wheel. When a wheel is removed for tire changes etc., the stud remains in the hub. Many automobiles instead use bolts to do this, where removable bolts screw into the wheel hub. Wheel studs can be either factory equipment or aftermarket add-ons. The primary advantage of wheel studs over wheel bolts is greater ease for tire