Card game culture has led to the near-universal popularity and availability of French-suited playing cards even in areas with their own regional card art. In Japan, a distinct 48-card hanafuda deck is popular. It is derived from 16th-century Portuguese decks, after undergoing a long evolution driven by laws enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate attempting to ban the use of playing cards The best-known deck internationally is the 52-card Anglo-American deck used for such games as poker and contract bridge. It contains one card for each unique combination of thirteen "ranks" and the four French "suits" "spades", "hearts", "diamonds", and "clubs". The ranks
Mistigri (card game) 5-card or 3-card game, is derived from Mistigri. Also related to it in the German-speaking world are the well-known games "Ramscheln" and "Mauscheln", in which only one player may exchange his hand cards against the so-called widow. In France it developed into the game of "Bourré"; in Spain into "Julep" and, building on "Loo", in Ireland into "Irish Loo". Other variants of the game are "Norseman's Knock", "Cucumber", "Toepen" and "Hasenpfeffer". Mistigri is usually played by three or four players with a 32-card German-suited pack. If more play, a 52-card French pack may be used. The cards rank as follows: