Wallace Line genus of plants which does not cross the Line is the Australasian genus "Eucalyptus". Antonio Pigafetta had recorded the biological contrasts between the Philippines and the Maluku Islands (Spice Islands) (on opposite sides of the line) in 1521 during the continuation of the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan, after Magellan had been killed on Mactan. Moreover, as noted by Wallace himself, the observations in faunal differences between the two regions had already been made earlier by English navigator George Windsor Earl. In Earl's pamphlet "On the Physical Geography of South-Eastern Asia and Australia", published in 1845, he described how shallow seas
Collins–Valentine line Collins–Valentine line The Collins–Valentine line, or Valentine–Collins line, is the boundary at approximately 45 degrees north latitude that separates the province of Quebec from the states of New York and Vermont. It was surveyed and marked by survey monuments in 1771–3 by John Collins, surveyor-general of Quebec, and Thomas Valentine, a commissioner appointed by the government of New York. Quebec had been a French colony until the conclusion of the Seven Years' War in 1763, when it became a British colony. In the 1760s, the region that would later become a state of Vermont was considered by authorities in Britain