Cod Wars and institutions are supposed to pacify interstate behavior. The Cod Wars are also held up as an example of the decreasing salience of hard power in international relations, with implications for realist theory which emphasizes the importance of hard power. Theorists on asymmetric bargaining have emphasized how Iceland, lacking structural power, can still have an issue power advantage, with its greater commitment to the cause. A 2017 study argues that the occurrence of the Cod Wars is inconsistent with liberal international relations theory, including the democratic peace thesis, as the "supposedly pacifying factors of the liberal peace – democracy, trade
Customs Union between the EU and the UK Some critics believe that the Customs Union between the UK and the EU is a minor part of resolving cross border delays as it does not on its own deal with Single Market issues or the ability of non EU HGV drivers to drive on EU roads. Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the Labour Party (UK), has backed an EU-UK Customs Union. The House of Lords voted in April 2018 to force a negotiation of a Customs Union between the EU and the UK. Customs Union between the EU and the UK An EU-UK Customs Union is a proposal to