Abnormal psychology were thought to be possessed by evil spirits that had to be exercised through religious rituals. If exorcism failed, some authorities advocated steps such as confinement, beating, and other types of torture to make the body uninhabitable by witches, demons, and spirits. The belief that witches, demons, and spirits are responsible for the abnormal behavior continued into the 15th century. Swiss alchemist, astrologer, and physician Paracelsus (1493–1541), on the other hand, rejected the idea that abnormal behaviors were caused by witches, demons, and spirits and suggested that people's mind and behaviors were influenced by the movements of the moon and
Way of the Celestial Masters Master, a succession dispute arose between different branches of the family in Taiwan and mainland China. In fact, the Way of the Celestial Masters have flourished during the reign of Communism. They regularly ordain priests at the Zhengyi Monastery at the Celestial Master’s Mansion in Mainland China. The Way of the Celestial Masters have tribes worldwide, including the United States. Their western United States branch is headed by Grandmaster Jerry Alan Johnson and is known as the Temple of the Celestial Cloud. Each of the three different eras of the Celestial Masters had distinct beliefs. However, because the Southern and