Inguinal hernia the development of a hernia include: smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, pregnancy, peritoneal dialysis, collagen vascular disease, and previous open appendectomy, among others. Hernias are partly genetic and occur more often in certain families. It is unclear if inguinal hernias are associated with heavy lifting. Hernias can often be diagnosed based on signs and symptoms. Occasionally medical imaging is used to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other possible causes. Groin hernias that do not cause symptoms in males do not need to be repaired. Repair, however, is generally recommended in females due to the higher rate of femoral
Femoral-tibial angle "genu valgum" or "genu varum", the femoral-tibial angle is about 175 degrees. Femoral-tibial angle The femoral-tibial angle is the angle between the femur and tibia. In humans, the two femurs converge medially toward the knees, where they articulate with the proximal ends of the tibiae. The angle of convergence of the femora is a major factor in determining the femoral-tibial angle. In human females the femora converge more than in males because the pelvic bone is wider in females. In the condition "genu valgum" (knock knee) the femurs converge so much that the knees touch one another. The opposite extreme