Jupiter to several seconds, and short bursts (or S-bursts) that had a duration of less than a hundredth of a second. Scientists discovered that there were three forms of radio signals transmitted from Jupiter. Since 1973 a number of automated spacecraft have visited Jupiter, most notably the "Pioneer 10" space probe, the first spacecraft to get close enough to Jupiter to send back revelations about the properties and phenomena of the Solar System's largest planet. Flights to other planets within the Solar System are accomplished at a cost in energy, which is described by the net change in velocity of the
Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter a payload up to 10 kg, equivalent to 2 to 3 scientific instruments. In order to conduct observations never made before, the spacecraft would have carried an X-ray imaging spectroscope, featuring different wavelengths from instruments onboard NASA's Juno probe. In November 2013, Japan's JAXA scientists stated that ″it is difficult for JAXA to launch the outer planet mission by itself to meet the time constraint for cooperative observation with JUICE. Therefore, direct collaboration with European groups/team should be necessary for Japanese scientists to participate in this attractive Jupiter system mission.″ The outcome was the selection of four Japanese instrument development