Carbuncle (gemstone) used by the Greek to translate the Hebrew נֹפֶךְ ("nōphek") in two of its four occurrences in the Old Testament. The etymology of the Hebrew term is uncertain, though Koehler-Baumgartner suggests a connection to פּוּךְ ("phook"), used in the Old Testament as a term for eye makeup, and probably implying a colored powder most likely made from a crushed mineral. For נֹפֶךְ ("nōphek") itself they suggest the gloss "semi-precious stone" (of uncertain color). Carbuncle (gemstone) A carbuncle is any red gemstone, most often a red garnet. The word occurs in four places in many English translations of the Bible. The
Type theory of a function is denoted with an arrow formula_16 from the parameter type to the function's resulting type. Thus, formula_17. Calling or "applying" a function to an argument may be written with or without parentheses, so formula_18 or formula_12. Not using parentheses is more common, because multiple argument functions can be defined using currying. There are many different set theories and many different systems of type theory, so what follows are generalizations. The term formula_20 reduces to formula_21. Since formula_21 cannot be reduced further, it is called a normal form. A system of type theory is said to be strongly