New York City the city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. In 1664, the city was named in honor of the Duke of York, who would become King James II of England. James's older brother, King Charles II, had appointed the Duke proprietor of the former territory of New Netherland, including the city of New Amsterdam, which England had recently seized from the Dutch. During the Wisconsinan glaciation, 75,000 to 11,000 years ago, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over
New York City English appears to descend from an outdated African-American English meaning of "male receptive participant in anal sex". New Yorkers tend to say they stand "on" line, whereas most other American-English speakers tend to stand "in" line. Small convenience stores are, in recent decades, often called "bodegas," from the Spanish term originally meaning "a wine storehouse" via the Puerto Rican Spanish term for "small store; corner store", or "delis," which is the short form of "delicatessens". New York speakers have some unique conversational styles. Linguistic professor Deborah Tannen notes in a "New York Times" article it has "an emphasis to involve the