Marriage certificate civil unions (generally same sex or sex independent) to be registered, however these are not regarded as marriages, as the Marriage Act of 1961 does not currently recognise them. Associated certificates such as the DFAT "Certificate of No Impediment to Marriage" (CNI) or state and territory "Single Status Certificates" are also available. Proof of divorce certificates are issued by the Family Court of Australia (or the Family Court of Western Australia for residents of that state). On 1 July 1837 civil registration was introduced in England and Wales, providing a central record of all births, deaths and marriages. A Registrar
The Spinster and Her Enemies feminism hostile to sexual freedom. Jeffreys discusses the change in sexual attitudes that occurred in Britain between 1880 and 1930 from a feminist perspective, criticizing the idea that "the sexual puritanism of Victorian England gave way to the first sexual revolution of the twentieth century." She examines feminist involvement in the social purity movement in the 1880s and 1890s. She also discusses the physician Havelock Ellis, the poet Edward Carpenter, the psychiatrist Iwan Bloch, and the neuroanatomist Auguste Forel. "The Spinster and Her Enemies" was first published in 1985 by Pandora Press. "The Spinster and Her Enemies" received a positive