Northern red-backed vole northern forest and shrubland habitats. They occur in every major forest type in central Alaska. Plant species commonly found in areas occupied by northern red-backed voles include black spruce ("Picea mariana"), white spruce ("P. glauca"), quaking aspen ("Populus tremuloides"), paper birch ("Betula papyrifera"), alder ("Alnus" spp.), willow ("Salix" spp.), mountain cranberry ("Vaccinium vitis-idaea"), blueberry and bilberry ("Vaccinium" spp.), bunchberry ("Cornus canadensis"), and a variety of grasses and forbs. Important fungi, mosses and lichens include truffle ("Endogone fascilulata"), Schreber's moss ("Pleurozium schreberi"), mountain fern moss ("Hylocomium splendens"), sphagnum ("Sphagnum" spp.), and lichens ("Cladonia and Peltigera" spp.). The breeding season of northern
Sphagnum palustre marshy meadows, but rarely in moors. The species often forms large carpets, sometimes bulge-shaped. It is often accompanied by "Sphagnum fimbriatum", "Sphagnum subnitens", and "Sphagnum squarrosum". "Sphagnum palustre" is invading the native habitat at Ka'ala, O'ahu, Hawai'i. It became established after a sample was brought to the island by a botanist in 1960. Although the environment does not allow the plant to reproduce sexually via spores, it is capable of spreading through vegetative reproduction. It currently occupies an area estimated at 17.3 acres. Coordinated eradication efforts have proved difficult. Sphagnum palustre is found all over the British Isles. It is