Abundance of the chemical elements of the volatile elements hydrogen, helium, neon, and nitrogen, as well as carbon which has been lost as volatile hydrocarbons. The remaining elemental composition is roughly typical of the "rocky" inner planets, which formed in the thermal zone where solar heat drove volatile compounds into space. The Earth retains oxygen as the second-largest component of its mass (and largest atomic-fraction), mainly from this element being retained in silicate minerals which have a very high melting point and low vapor pressure. The mass-abundance of the nine most abundant elements in the Earth's crust is approximately: oxygen 46%, silicon 28%, aluminum 8.2%,
Boiling Point (1998 miniseries) Boiling Point (1998 miniseries) Boiling Point is a five-part, 1999 Channel 4 documentary miniseries produced by Tim Graham and David Nath for London Weekend Television (LWT) and following Chef Gordon Ramsay. With each segment 30 minutes in length, the series was broadcast 25 February 1999 – 25 March 1999. Chef Ramsay is closely followed during eight of the most intense months of his life as he opens his first (and now flagship) restaurant in Royal Hospital Road in Chelsea in September 1998. This establishment would ultimately earn him the highly prestigious (and rare) three Michelin Stars. It also covers his