Ainu cuisine used all the same ingredients, instead utilizing what was most available. In addition to salt, the fats ("sum") from cod, sardines, herring, shark, seal, whale ("humpesum)," sika deer ("yuksum"), and bear ("pasum") are used to flavor dishes. Miso and soy sauce have also been used in modern times. Soup stocks may be made using kelp ("kombu"), animal bone, and dried fish. Seasoning and spices include "pukusa" ("allium ochotense"), berries from the Amur corktree ("phellodendron amurense"), and wavy bittercress ("cardamine flexuosa"). The most predominate game animal was the sika deer. Deer were hunted using poisoned arrows as well by herding them
What Is a Nation? to the reasons based on race, geography, history and so on. They argue that Renan maintains his intellectual background but subtly, i.e. the arguments he explicitly used in "What is a Nation?" are not consistent with his thinking. The concept of "daily plebiscite" would be ambiguous. They argue that the definition is an opportunist idealization and it should be interpreted within the Franco-Prussian War and in the midst of the dispute concerning the Alsace-Lorraine region. What Is a Nation? "What is a Nation?" ("Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?") is an 1882 lecture by French historian Ernest Renan (1823–1892), known for the statements