Psittacosis known serovars. All should be considered to be readily transmissible to humans. "C. psittaci" serovar A is endemic among psittacine birds and has caused sporadic zoonotic disease in humans, other mammals, and tortoises. Serovar B is endemic among pigeons, has been isolated from turkeys, and has also been identified as the cause of abortion in a dairy herd. Serovars C and D are occupational hazards for slaughterhouse workers and for people in contact with birds. Serovar E isolates (known as Cal-10, MP, or MN) have been obtained from a variety of avian hosts worldwide, and although they were associated with
Hemochromatosis type 4 hemochromatosis type 4B may be treated with therapeutic phlebotomy. However, individuals with hemochromatosis type 4A may not require treatment. Additionally, therapeutic phlebotomy may not be tolerated in individuals with type 4A because anemia may develop despite the elevated serum ferritin levels typically found in these individuals. Hemochromatosis type 4 Hemochromatosis type 4, also known as ferroportin disease, is a hereditary iron overload disorder that affects ferroportin, an iron transport protein needed to export iron from cells into circulation. Although the disease is rare, it is found throughout the world and affects people from various ethnic groups. While the majority of