History of the English penny (1154–1485) that inscription, while ones produced by the London and Calais mints were inscribed . During the post-treaty period the Durham and York mints became "ecclesiastical mints", under the authority of the local bishop or archbishop, and thus a source of money for the Church. Typical inscriptions of this period are – "Edward King of England and France". Edward III's son, the Black Prince died in 1376, a year before his father, which meant that the next king was Edward's eleven-year-old grandson Richard II (1377–1399). England continued to lay claim to France, and remained at war until 1396; high taxation to
Edward Black (producer) the Rank Organisation when they took over Gainsborough. In 1944 Black left Gainsborough to join Alexander Korda. Black died of lung cancer in November 1948, shortly after the premiere of his last film, the disastrous "Bonnie Prince Charlie" (1948). Edward Black (producer) Edward Black (18 August 1900, Birmingham - 30 November 1948, London) was an English film producer, best known for being head of production at Gainsborough Studios in the late 1930s and early 1940s, during which time he oversaw production of the Gainsborough melodramas. He also produced such classic films as "The Lady Vanishes" (1938). Black has been called