Electropositive shark repellent Atlantic longlining vessels in 2008. As expected, teleosts (bony fish) are not repelled by the electropositive metal’s cation liberation in seawater. This is because teleosts lack the ampullae of Lorenzini. Teleost response was confirmed using captive Cobia ("Rachycentron canadum") and Pacific halibut ("Hippoglossus stenolepis"). In July 2008 swordfish ("Xiphias gladius") catch was reported on experimental hooks treated with electropositive metal. As with all shark repellents, 100% effectiveness will not be achieved with electropositive metals. The metals are particularly effective when the shark is relying on its electrosense. It is likely that electropositive metals are ineffective for deliberately stimulated (chummed) sharks,
Western Flat, South Australia Western Flat, South Australia Western Flat is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located in the state's south-east within the Limestone Coast region about south east of the state capital of Adelaide and about south of the municipal seat of Bordertown. Boundaries for the locality were created on 16 March 2000 for the “long established name.” Its name is ultimately derived from the ‘Western Flat Run’ pastoral lease which was established in 1868 by T. Brown. The land use in the locality is ‘primary production’. The 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016 reports that