Iana (goddess) Roscher includes Iana among the "indigitamenta", the list of deities maintained by Roman priests to assure that the correct divinity was invoked for rituals. Iana (goddess) Iana is the name of an ancient Roman goddess associated with arches and the moon, usually identified as either a form of Diana or the female counterpart of Janus. Varro (1st century BC) uses the name in his agricultural treatise, in a passage of dialogue in which the interlocutors explain that some farming tasks should be done when the moon is waxing, while the waning phase facilitates others, such as harvesting, shearing sheep, and
Celestial spheres was a lasting remnant of physical celestial spheres in Kepler's cosmology. In Cicero's "Dream of Scipio," the elder Scipio Africanus describes an ascent through the celestial spheres, compared to which the Earth and the Roman Empire dwindle into insignificance. A commentary on the "Dream of Scipio" by the Roman writer Macrobius, which included a discussion of the various schools of thought on the order of the spheres, did much to spread the idea of the celestial spheres through the Early Middle Ages. Some late medieval figures noted that the celestial spheres' physical order was inverse to their order on the