Narrow-gauge railways in Africa cane. Because Africa is divided into many countries, railways built by different governments tend not to link up with each other, each country's lines connecting its outlands with its own port. Incompatible gauges are therefore not obvious. For example, a link from Nigeria to Cameroon would join to . The railways of South Africa and many other African countries, including Angola, Botswana, Congo, Ghana, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia and Zimbabwe, use gauge, sometimes referred to as Cape gauge. Kenya, Uganda and others use gauge lines. In Tanzania former East African Railways lines are metre gauge while the TAZARA line
ECOWAS Policy on Science and Technology (ECOPOST) the field of research. ECOWAS was barely more visible in the second "African Innovation Outlook", with just six countries contributing data on research and development out of 19 across the continent: Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Ghana, Mali, Senegal and Togo. Nigeria was totally absent and only Ghana and Senegal provided a full set of data for all four performance sectors. Subregional training workshops were organized for countries by ECOWAS in 2013 and 2014 on science, technology and innovation indicators and how to draft research proposals. ECOWAS has taken other steps recently to tackle the lack of technological impact of the