Bald-faced hornet from mid-April to early October, and reproductives were produced from mid-July through the end of November. Onset of male output usually precedes that of queen output in social wasps, however here "D. maculata" is an exception to this trend. Energy investment by workers required to produce reproductives is considerable. Newly emerged males and queens are no more functional than pupae; both depend heavily on solid prey brought in by workers, thus competing with larvae for food resources. As a result, worker quantity must remain high in order to maintain reproductive output. Workers must maintain food stores and defend the nest,
Black-faced woodswallow cessation of woodswallow decline.Storm-burning has produced a more open vegetation structure, which is beneficial for insect feeding and nesting by the woodswallows. Storm-burning is therefore thought to be essential for persistence of black-faced woodswallow habitat in the Cape York Peninsula. This also assists golden-shouldered parrot conservation by reducing their predation risk. Black-faced woodswallow The black-faced woodswallow ("Artamus cinereus") is a woodswallow. It is long. It is the most widespread species in the family Artamidae, living in Australia, New Guinea and the Sunda Islands, including Timor. The black-faced woodswallow is in length, and weighs . It has a blue-grey beak with