Shining Path of this group are generally called "senderistas". All documents, periodicals and other materials produced by the organization are signed by the Communist Party of Peru (PCP). Academics often refer to them as PCP-SL. The Shining Path was founded in the late 1960s by Abimael Guzmán, a former university philosophy professor (his followers referred to him by his nom de guerre which was "Presidente Gonzalo"). His teachings created the foundation of its militant Maoist doctrine. It was an offshoot of the Communist Party of Peru — "Bandera Roja" (red flag), which in turn split from the original Peruvian Communist Party, a
History of the Portuguese Communist Party Afghanistan, Palestine, Cuba, and the Basque Country are constant concerns in the Party's agenda. Since the election of 2015, the Party supports the government of António Costa together with the Left Bloc. "In Portuguese": "In English": History of the Portuguese Communist Party The history of the Portuguese Communist Party (, , or PCP), spans a period of more than 92 years, since its foundation in 1921 as the Portuguese section of the Communist International (Comintern) to the present. The Party is still an active force within Portuguese society. After its foundation, the party experienced little time as a legal party