The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things 32:28–29, containing the lines "For they are a nation void of counsel, neither is there any understanding in them", above, and "O that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their latter end!" below. In 1560, Felipe de Guevara wrote about a pupil of Bosch, an unnamed "discipulo" (pupil), who was as good as his master and even signed his works with his master's name. Immediately after this, and without starting a new paragraph, Guevara refers to the painting of the "Seven Deadly Sins" as characteristic of his style. This led some scholars, as early as
Seven deadly sins by laziness, but by a state of depression that caused spiritual detachment. Vainglory (Latin, ) is unjustified boasting. Pope Gregory viewed it as a form of pride, so he folded "vainglory" into pride for his listing of sins. According to Thomas Aquinas, it is the progenitor of envy. The Latin term "gloria" roughly means "boasting", although its English cognate – "glory" – has come to have an exclusively positive meaning; historically, the term "vain" roughly meant "futile" (a meaning retained in the modern expression "in vain"), but by the 14th century had come to have the strong narcissistic undertones, that