Development of the World Chess Championship five incredibly close world championship matches, the World Chess Championship 1984 (controversially terminated without result with Karpov leading +5 -3 =40), World Chess Championship 1985 (in which Kasparov won the title, 13–11), World Chess Championship 1986 (narrowly won by Kasparov, 12½–11½), World Chess Championship 1987 (drawn 12–12, Kasparov retaining the title), and World Chess Championship 1990 (again narrowly won by Kasparov, 12½–11½). In 1993, Kasparov and challenger Nigel Short complained of corruption and a lack of professionalism within FIDE and split from FIDE to set up the Professional Chess Association (PCA), under whose auspices they held their match. FIDE and
World Chess Championship 1910 (Lasker–Janowski) World Chess Championship 1910 (Lasker–Janowski) Emanuel Lasker faced David Janowski in the second 1910 World Chess Championship. It was played from November 8 to December 8, 1910 in Berlin, Lasker successfully defending his title. Lasker and Janowski played two exhibition matches in 1909, the first drawn (+2 -2) and the second won convincingly by Lasker (+7 =2 -1). The longer 1909 match has sometimes been called a world championship match, but research by Edward Winter indicates that the title was not at stake. The first player to win eight games would be World Champion. Lasker retained the title in the