Parker Solar Probe by the Helios 2 spacecraft. The "Parker Solar Probe" concept originates from a predecessor "Solar Orbiter" project conceived in the 1990s. Similar in design and objectives, the "Solar Probe" mission served as one of the centerpieces of the eponymous Outer Planet/Solar Probe (OPSP) program formulated by NASA. The first three missions of the program were planned to be: the "Solar Orbiter", the Pluto and Kuiper belt reconnaissance mission "Pluto Kuiper Express", and the "Europa Orbiter" astrobiology mission focused on Europa. The original "Solar Probe" design used a gravity assist from Jupiter to enter a polar orbit which dropped almost directly
Social gravity a manner "analogous in all cases, by which the center of gravity in the solar system" held the planets in their orbits. In making this analogy, Pownall's notion of 'social gravity' drew upon earlier visions of social cohesion, particularly ideas of sociability in eighteenth-century Britain. These ideas, in turn, were often predicated upon Stoic notions of cosmopolitanism, expressed by the key term oikeiôsis, in order to stress the "moral" imperative for like-minded humans to forge bonds dedicated to the common good. Social gravity Social gravity was an application of Newtonian gravity to the system of commerce influence. For instance, in