Justine (de Sade novel) graphic novel version by Guido Crepax. In 1973, the Japanese director Tatsumi Kumashiro filmed an adaptation of "Justine" as part of Nikkatsu's Roman Porno series. The film was titled . In 1977, a film version of the novel, entitled "Cruel Passion", was released. "Justine" was also featured in the 2000 film "Quills" based on the life of the Marquis de Sade. Justine (de Sade novel) Justine, or The Misfortunes of Virtue (French: Justine, ou Les Malheurs de la Vertu) is a 1791 novel by Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, better known as the Marquis de Sade. "Justine" is set just
Paris in the 18th century same professional corporation as barbers, and required no special training. In 1731, they established the first Society of Surgeons, and in 1743, a university medical degree was required to practice surgery. In 1748, the Society of Surgeons became the Academy of Surgery. The lawyers followed the same path; at the beginning of the 18th century, the University of Paris taught only church law. In the 1730s, the lawyers formed their own association and began to provide formal professional training in civil law. Forty-three percent of Parisian property owners were merchants or belonged to the liberal professions; thirty percent were shopkeepers