History of the English penny (1154–1485) that inscription, while ones produced by the London and Calais mints were inscribed . During the post-treaty period the Durham and York mints became "ecclesiastical mints", under the authority of the local bishop or archbishop, and thus a source of money for the Church. Typical inscriptions of this period are – "Edward King of England and France". Edward III's son, the Black Prince died in 1376, a year before his father, which meant that the next king was Edward's eleven-year-old grandson Richard II (1377–1399). England continued to lay claim to France, and remained at war until 1396; high taxation to
Edward the Black Prince Thomas Holland: Edward had several natural sons before his marriage. With Edith de Willesford (died after 1385): With unknown mothers: Edward is often referred to as the "Black Prince". The first known source to use the sobriquet "Black Prince" was the antiquary John Leland in the 1530s or early 1540s (about 165 years after the death of the Black Prince). Leland mentions the sobriquet in two manuscript notes in the 1530s or early 1540s, with the implication that it was by that date in relatively widespread use. In one place, Leland refers in Latin to ""Edwardi Principis cog: Nigri"" (i.e.,