Topography of Pakistan which facilitated the emergence of intensive cultivation despite semi-arid conditions, resulted in important social and political transformations. Satellite image of the Tarbela Dam Pakistan has two major river dams: the Tarbela Dam on the Indus River, near the early Buddhist site at Taxila, and the Mangla Dam on the Jhelum River, where Punjab borders Azad Kashmir built as part of the Indus Basin Project. The Warsak Dam on the Kabul River near Peshawar is smaller. These dams, along with a series of headworks and barrages built by the British and expanded since independence of Pakistan in 1947, are of vital
Afulilo Dam and grants. Water from the tall dam is sent down of headrace pipe before it reaches of penstock. The penstock terminates at Ta'elefaga Hydroelectric Plant where the water spins two Pelton turbine-generators. The elevation between the reservoir and the power station affords a hydraulic head (water drop) of . Efforts to add a third 2 MW turbine-generator and raise the dam by , thereby increasing the reservoir capacity by 50% to , are currently being studied. In April 2009 SMEC Holdings was awarded a consultancy contract for this work by the Asian Development Bank. Afulilo Dam The Afulilo Dam is