Shining Path "First Military School" where members were instructed in military tactics and the use of weapons. They also engaged in "Criticism and Self-criticism", a Maoist practice intended to purge bad habits and avoid the repetition of mistakes. During the existence of the First Military School, members of the Central Committee came under heavy criticism. Guzmán did not, and he emerged from the First Military School as the clear leader of the Shining Path. In 1992, Guzman and other leaders of the Shining Path received life imprisonment sentences for their role in the Lucanamarca massacre, among other charges. When Peru's military government
Communist Party (French Section of the Communist International) of the Region of Madagascar 1936 the newspaper "La Nation malgache" and changed its name to "Le Prolétariat malgache", and on February 5, 1937 it was formally relaunched as the organ of PC(SFIC)RM. On January 23, 1937, a national bureau of the party was formed. The party was dissolved in 1938. Communist Party (French Section of the Communist International) of the Region of Madagascar Communist Party (French Section of the Communist International) of the Region of Madagascar () was formally constituted on August 12, 1936 at a meeting at L'Hôtel Glacier in Tananarive. The formal announcement of the formation of the party came after ten