Shining Path birthday celebration for Guzmán in Lurigancho prison in December 1990. "Without Presidente Gonzalo, we would have nothing." At the same time, the Shining Path suffered embarrassing military defeats to self-defense organizations of rural "campesinos" — supposedly its social base. When Guzmán called for peace talks, the organization fractured into splinter groups, with some Shining Path members in favor of such talks and others opposed. Guzmán's role as the leader of the Shining Path was taken over by Óscar Ramírez, who himself was captured by Peruvian authorities in 1999. After Ramírez's capture, the group splintered, guerrilla activity diminished sharply, and peace
Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union The Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (), or RCWP-CPSU, is a currently unregistered communist party in Russia. It is considered the republican branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2001). The RCWP-CPSU is led by Viktor Tyulkin, who was co-chairman with Anatolii Kriuchkov until the latter died in 2005). It publishes a newspaper called "Trudovaja Rossija" (; "Working People's Russia") and the journal "Sovetskij Sojuz" (; "Soviet Union"). The RCWP-CPSU claims to have supported all the biggest occupations and