Seven deadly sins soul," proper response to anger, friendliness, and wit or charm. Roman writers like Horace extolled the value of virtue while listing and warning against vices. His first epistles says that "to flee vice is the beginning of virtue, and to have got rid of folly is the beginning of wisdom." The modern concept of the seven deadly sins is linked to the works of the fourth-century monk Evagrius Ponticus, who listed eight "evil thoughts" in Greek as follows: They were translated into the Latin of Western Christianity (largely due to the writings of John Cassian), thus becoming part of the
Seven deadly sins Western tradition's spiritual pietas (or Catholic devotions), as follows: These "evil thoughts" can be categorized into three types: In AD 590 Pope Gregory I revised this list to form the more common list. Gregory combined "tristitia" with "acedia", and "vanagloria" with "superbia", and added "envy," in Latin, "invidia". Gregory's list became the standard list of sins. Thomas Aquinas uses and defends Gregory's list in his "Summa Theologica" although he calls them the "capital sins" because they are the head and form of all the others. The Anglican Communion, Lutheran Church, and Methodist Church, among other Christian denominations, continue to retain