Opera in Latin America and indigenous peoples and were influenced by zarzuela, a form of Spanish opera . In the 20th century many nationalist operas were composed across Latin America, with particularly thriving opera scenes in Mexico, Argentina and Brazil. Today, there are numerous active opera houses throughout Latin America and composers continue to write new operas. We also have organizations such as the International Brazilian Opera Company (IBOC) and Opera Hispanica who are promoting new Latin American operatic repertoire internationally. In 1711, the opera "Partenope" premiered in Mexico City. Its music was by Manuel de Zumaya, the most important Mexican baroque composer. This
Education in Latin America was of great significance to the course of higher education in Latin America, and the spirit of the colonial period was interwoven in the Church. "In the 1800's, numerous countries, including Chile, Ecuador, and Colombia, signed contracts with the Catholic Church, or modeled their constitution on Catholic values, declaring themselves Catholic states." As Spanish Christianity was reformed in the 16th century by Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros, the Church was more under Crown control in Spain than any other European monarchy. Higher education in Latin America was heavily affected by the relationship between Church and State. "Spanish America's universities were created