Shining Path birthday celebration for Guzmán in Lurigancho prison in December 1990. "Without Presidente Gonzalo, we would have nothing." At the same time, the Shining Path suffered embarrassing military defeats to self-defense organizations of rural "campesinos" — supposedly its social base. When Guzmán called for peace talks, the organization fractured into splinter groups, with some Shining Path members in favor of such talks and others opposed. Guzmán's role as the leader of the Shining Path was taken over by Óscar Ramírez, who himself was captured by Peruvian authorities in 1999. After Ramírez's capture, the group splintered, guerrilla activity diminished sharply, and peace
South Seas Communist Party South Seas Communist Party The South Seas Communist Party (abbreviated SSCP), also called the Nanyang Communist Party (), was a communist party in Southeast Asia established in 1925 when the Communist Party of China separated its exile branches in the region to make way for local communist parties. SSCP succeeded earlier efforts by the Indonesian communist Tan Malaka to build communist parties in the region. The SSCP was headquartered in Singapore. In 1930 SSCP was disbanded, and national communist parties were formed such as Communist Party of Indochina (led by Ho Chi Minh), Malayan Communist Party and Communist Party of