Shining Path birthday celebration for Guzmán in Lurigancho prison in December 1990. "Without Presidente Gonzalo, we would have nothing." At the same time, the Shining Path suffered embarrassing military defeats to self-defense organizations of rural "campesinos" — supposedly its social base. When Guzmán called for peace talks, the organization fractured into splinter groups, with some Shining Path members in favor of such talks and others opposed. Guzmán's role as the leader of the Shining Path was taken over by Óscar Ramírez, who himself was captured by Peruvian authorities in 1999. After Ramírez's capture, the group splintered, guerrilla activity diminished sharply, and peace
Communist Movement of the Valencian Country Communist Movement of the Valencian Country Communist Movement of the Valencian Country (Valencian: "Moviment Comunista del País Valencià", "MCPV") was a communist political party created in the Valencian Country during the last years of the dictatorship of Franco as the Valencian section of the Communist Movement. Originally the party was maoist and heavily pro-Chinese, but since the early 80's the party abandoned maoism in favour of heterodox marxism and started to support the new social movements, including feminism, LGBT and anti-militarism. In 1977 a member of the party was killed by a fascist of Fuerza Nueva, in one of the