Electropositive shark repellent Atlantic longlining vessels in 2008. As expected, teleosts (bony fish) are not repelled by the electropositive metal’s cation liberation in seawater. This is because teleosts lack the ampullae of Lorenzini. Teleost response was confirmed using captive Cobia ("Rachycentron canadum") and Pacific halibut ("Hippoglossus stenolepis"). In July 2008 swordfish ("Xiphias gladius") catch was reported on experimental hooks treated with electropositive metal. As with all shark repellents, 100% effectiveness will not be achieved with electropositive metals. The metals are particularly effective when the shark is relying on its electrosense. It is likely that electropositive metals are ineffective for deliberately stimulated (chummed) sharks,
Paralichthys adspersus 1842 as "Hippoglossus kingii", which would have placed it in the left-eye flounder family. However, the description of "H. kingii" has been determined to lack sufficient information to absolutely determine which species it describes and is thus considered ambiguous and therefore is not valid. Paralichthys adspersus Paralichthys adspersus, the fine flounder, is a species of large-tooth flounder native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, along the continental shelf from the coast of Ecuador in the north to the coast of Peru in the south. It is a medium-sized flatfish, growing up to 70 cm in length, with females typically being larger