Electropositive shark repellent Atlantic longlining vessels in 2008. As expected, teleosts (bony fish) are not repelled by the electropositive metal’s cation liberation in seawater. This is because teleosts lack the ampullae of Lorenzini. Teleost response was confirmed using captive Cobia ("Rachycentron canadum") and Pacific halibut ("Hippoglossus stenolepis"). In July 2008 swordfish ("Xiphias gladius") catch was reported on experimental hooks treated with electropositive metal. As with all shark repellents, 100% effectiveness will not be achieved with electropositive metals. The metals are particularly effective when the shark is relying on its electrosense. It is likely that electropositive metals are ineffective for deliberately stimulated (chummed) sharks,
Pacific sand sole Pacific sand sole The Pacific sand sole, "Psettichthys melanostictus", is the only fish in the genus, "Psettichthys", in the, "Pleuronectidae", family. It is a flatfish and inhabits northeastern Pacific waters where it lives on sandy bottoms. The Pacific sand sole, belongs to the order "Pleuronectiformes," and the family "Pleuronectidae". They are considered a flatfish due to their body shape, just like Hippoglossus (halibuts), Solea (soles), and Platichthys (flounders). This fish can get over 62.95 cm (24.78 in) in length and on average this fish can weigh approximately 2.484 kg (5.476 lbs). Their dorsal side, which houses both of their eyes,