History of the English penny (1154–1485) that inscription, while ones produced by the London and Calais mints were inscribed . During the post-treaty period the Durham and York mints became "ecclesiastical mints", under the authority of the local bishop or archbishop, and thus a source of money for the Church. Typical inscriptions of this period are – "Edward King of England and France". Edward III's son, the Black Prince died in 1376, a year before his father, which meant that the next king was Edward's eleven-year-old grandson Richard II (1377–1399). England continued to lay claim to France, and remained at war until 1396; high taxation to
Edward the Black Prince burnt, and that 3,000 persons of all ranks and ages were massacred. However modern scholarship, including the historian Richard Barber writing in 2008 in the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", and drawing on a wider range of evidence, places casualties much lower than Froissart did—around 300 garrison soldiers and civilians in total. The prince returned to Cognac; his sickness increased, and he was forced to give up all hope of being able to direct any further operations and to proceed first to Angoulème and then to Bordeaux. The death of his eldest son Edward, which happened at this time, grieved