Discovery and development of statins as they directly compete with the endogenous substrate for the active site cavity of HMGR. Statins are also noncompetitive with the cosubstrate NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). By blocking the HMGR enzyme they inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol via the mevalonate pathway. The end result is lower LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), TG (Triglycerides) and total cholesterol levels as well as increased HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) levels in serum). The ideal statin should have the following properties: One of the main design objectives of statin design is the selective inhibition of HMGR in the liver, as cholesterol synthesis in non-hepatic cells
Biodiversity and drugs example, caffeine, methyl salicylate and quinine. Streptomycin, neomycin, and erythromycin are derived from tropical soil fungi. A lot of plant species are used in today's studies and have been exhaustively studied for their potential value as source of drugs. It is possible that some plant species may be a source of drugs against high blood pressure, AIDS or heart troubles. In China, Japan, India and Germany, there is a great deal of interest in and support for the search for new drugs from higher plants. Each species carries unique genetic material in its DNA and in its chemical factory responding