Shining Path derivation of the Peruvian Socialist Party founded by José Carlos Mariátegui in 1928. The Shining Path first established a foothold at San Cristóbal of Huamanga University, in Ayacucho, where Guzmán taught philosophy. The university had recently reopened after being closed for about half a century, and many students of the newly educated class adopted the Shining Path's radical ideology. Between 1973 and 1975, Shining Path members gained control of the student councils in the Universities of Huancayo and La Cantuta, and they also developed a significant presence at the National University of Engineering in Lima and the National University of
History of the Portuguese Communist Party Afghanistan, Palestine, Cuba, and the Basque Country are constant concerns in the Party's agenda. Since the election of 2015, the Party supports the government of António Costa together with the Left Bloc. "In Portuguese": "In English": History of the Portuguese Communist Party The history of the Portuguese Communist Party (, , or PCP), spans a period of more than 92 years, since its foundation in 1921 as the Portuguese section of the Communist International (Comintern) to the present. The Party is still an active force within Portuguese society. After its foundation, the party experienced little time as a legal party