Cultural history of the buttocks desirability of buttocks: Since the early 2000s, songs about the female buttocks have proliferated, especially in the hip-hop, reggae/dancehall, and R&B genres. Buttocks are often emphasized in pornography. Patricia Hill Collins, an African-American post-modern feminist writer, theorizes that this is derived from a stereotype that black women are promiscuous, and their buttocks are objectified by pornography as a result. A buttocks fetish or buttocks partialism refers to a condition wherein the buttocks becomes a primary focus of sexual attention. It may be associated with coprophilia, panty fetishism, eproctophilia, and sadomasochistic corporal punishment involving the buttocks. "Pygophilia" refers to sexual arousal
Arousal pathways, but there also arousal pathways that descend. One example is the ventrolateral preoptic area, which release GABA reuptake inhibitors, which interrupt wakefulness and arousal. Neurotransmitters of the arousal system, such as acetylcholine and norepinephrine, work to inhibit the ventrolateral preoptic area. Arousal is important in regulating consciousness, attention, and information processing. It is crucial for motivating certain behaviors, such as mobility, the pursuit of nutrition, the fight-or-flight response and sexual activity (see Masters and Johnson's human sexual response cycle, where it is known as the "arousal phase"). Arousal is also an essential element in many influential theories of emotion,