Central angle intersection points and of the legs of the angle with the circle form a diameter, then is a straight angle. (In radians, .) Let be the minor arc of the circle between points and , and let be the radius of the circle. If the central angle is subtended by , then If the central angle is not subtended by the minor arc , then is a reflex angle and If a tangent at and a tangent at intersect at the exterior point , then denoting the center as , the angles (convex) and are supplementary (sum to 180°). A
Perceived visual angle Ono & Mapp (2006) noted, it unfortunately has been ignored in many current theories of size perception, and size illusions. The object's other perceived endpoint, A′, has a perceived direction "d′";, about which the observer might say "it appears toward a higher elevation than point B′." The difference between the two perceived directions () is the perceived visual angle "θ′", also called the perceived angular size or apparent angular size. It is not easy to quantify "θ′". For instance, a well-trained observer might say that point A′ "looks about 25 degrees higher" than B′, but most cannot reliably say how