Juan Velasco Alvarado hardware. Relations between the United States and Peru were tense and even hostile, as soon as General Velasco and his junta took power. Just five days after Velasco seized power in 1968, the General began the nationalization of the Peruvian Economy with the expropriation and nationalization of the American International Petroleum Company (IPC) oil fields located in the northern Peruvian oil port and refinery of Talara, Piura, near the Peruvian border with Ecuador, Piura, being the region where Velasco was born. IPC was a subsidiary of Standard Oil, and although the claims over the IPC were ultimately resolved in negotiations
Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899) Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899) The Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (Filipino: "Pamahalaang Panghimagsikan ng Pilipinas") was an insurgent government established in the Spanish East Indies on June 23, 1898, during the Spanish–American War, by Emilio Aguinaldo, its initial and only President. The government succeeded a dictatorial government which had been established by Aguinaldo on 18 June, and which was disestablished and replaced by this government upon its establishment. This government endured until January 23, 1899, when the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution established an insurgent Philippine Republic government which replaced it. Four governmental departments were initially created, each