Penny Post much needed reforms in the current postal system. On 10 January 1840, the Uniform Penny Post was established throughout the UK, facilitating the safe, speedy and cheap conveyance of letters, and from 6 May could be prepaid with the first postage stamp, known as the Penny Black. Elihu Burritt proposed that a fixed rate of one penny be established for all mail throughout the entire British Empire as a means of facilitating international interaction and international unity. This was known as the Ocean Penny Post. On Christmas Day, 1898, the Imperial Penny Post extended the rate throughout the British Empire
Penny & Giles Penny & Giles Penny & Giles (P&G) was a British engineering company in Dorset (former Hampshire) that made flight recorders (black boxes). The company was founded in 1956 by Prof William Alfred Penny and James Giles. It made high-reliability wire-wound potentiometers for aircraft in flight testing. In 1957 it made the first aircraft data recorder with magnetic recording on a stainless steel wire, known as a "black box". In 1963, the Ministry of Aviation informed the UK aircraft industry that all civil airliners would have to have flight data recorders. In April 1973, Penny and Giles Conductive Plastics received a