Independence Act of Panama 10 November 1821, rebels throughout the Panamanian countryside began demanding independence. Using bribes to quell resistance from the Spanish troops and garner their desertion, the rebels gained control of Panama City without bloodshed. An open meeting was held with merchants, landowners, and elites, who fearing retaliation from Spain and interruption of trade decided to join the Republic of Gran Colombia and drafted the Independence Act of Panama. The Declaration of Independence was drafted on 28 November 1821 by the educator and diplomat Manuel José Hurtado and consisted of twelve articles. The text is as follows: José Vallarino Jiménez was chosen
Kazakhstan Independence Day Kazakhstan Independence Day Kazakhstan Independence Day (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасының Тәуелсіздік күні) is the main national holiday in the Republic of Kazakhstan, celebrated annually the 16th of December. If 16 December falls on a weekend, the following Monday will be a holiday. In an attempt to keep unity within the Soviet Union, the country held a referendum on March 16, 1991 and Kazakhstan voted 95% in favor of a New Union Treaty. Following the aborted coup d'état in August, the Supreme Soviet passed the Constitutional Independence Law of Republic of Kazakhstan on December 16, 1991. Despite the swift collapse of the