Western philosophy is part of modern philosophy is disputed. The term "modern philosophy" has multiple usages. For example, Thomas Hobbes is sometimes considered the first modern philosopher because he applied a systematic method to political philosophy. By contrast, René Descartes is often considered the first modern philosopher because he grounded his philosophy in problems of "knowledge", rather than problems of metaphysics. Modern philosophy and especially Enlightenment philosophy is distinguished by its increasing independence from traditional authorities such as the Church, academia, and Aristotelianism; a new focus on the foundations of knowledge and metaphysical system-building; and the emergence of modern physics out of
Robert Adamson (philosopher) his writings he was remarkable for impartiality. It was his peculiar virtue that he could quote his opponents without warping their meaning. From this point of view he would have been perhaps the first historian of philosophy of his time, had his professional labours been less exacting. The following were published, either in his lifetime or posthumously. Robert Adamson (philosopher) Robert Adamson (19 January 1852 – 8 February 1902 was a Scottish philosopher and Professor of Logic at Glasgow. He was born in Kingsbarns in Fife. His father was a solicitor, and his mother was the daughter of Matthew Buist,