Frank Erhart Emmanuel Germann through eight editions between 1938 and 1985. His most influential textbook was "College Chemistry" (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1952, 1958, 1965). A popular trimmed version was "Essentials of College Chemistry" (Prentice-Hall, 1960). Charles Franklin Metz, another Germann graduate student (M.S. 1928, Ph.D. 1936), was one of the twelve scientists who conducted the world’s first firing of a nuclear weapon, the “Trinity” test on New Mexico’s Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range on Monday, July 16, 1945. On Monday, August 6, 1945, a nuclear bomb was detonated over Hiroshima, Japan. Later that week, on Thursday, August 9, 1945, a nuclear bomb
Mark 18 nuclear bomb from the Mark 13 nuclear bomb and its ancestors the Mark 6 nuclear bomb, Mark 4 nuclear bomb, and Fat Man Mark 3 nuclear bomb of World War II. Its normal mixed uranium/plutonium fissile core ("pit") was replaced with over 60 kg of pure highly enriched uranium or HEU. With a natural uranium tamper layer, the bomb had over four critical masses of fissile material in the core, and was unsafe: the accidental detonation of even one of the detonator triggers would likely cause a significant (many kilotons of energy yield) explosion. An aluminum/boron chain designed to absorb neutrons was