Western philosophy is part of modern philosophy is disputed. The term "modern philosophy" has multiple usages. For example, Thomas Hobbes is sometimes considered the first modern philosopher because he applied a systematic method to political philosophy. By contrast, René Descartes is often considered the first modern philosopher because he grounded his philosophy in problems of "knowledge", rather than problems of metaphysics. Modern philosophy and especially Enlightenment philosophy is distinguished by its increasing independence from traditional authorities such as the Church, academia, and Aristotelianism; a new focus on the foundations of knowledge and metaphysical system-building; and the emergence of modern physics out of
Peter Osborne (philosopher) entitled: "Imaginary Radicalisms: Notes on the Libertarianism of Contemporary Art". In 2013, Osborne published "Anywhere or Not at All: Philosophy of Contemporary Art," which develops the speculative claim "contemporary art is post-conceptual art". Research Seminar: Russian Avant-garde Revisited (See also the discussion) Research Congress: Expect the Unexpected: Once more on the Horizon of Expectation (discussion) Peter Osborne (philosopher) Peter Osborne (born 1958) is Professor of Modern European Philosophy and Director of the Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy (CRMEP), Kingston University, London. He is also an editor of the journal "Radical Philosophy". Osborne graduated from the University of Bristol