French philosophy for René Descartes' oeuvre. Modern philosophy began in France with the philosophy of René Descartes (1596–1650). His "Meditations on First Philosophy" changed the primary object of philosophical thought from ontology to epistemology and overcame the Aristotelian dogmatism inherited in philosophy from Scholasticism, the dominant form of thought in preceding centuries, while simultaneously raising some of the most fundamental problems for future generations of philosophers. René Descartes was concerned with the uncertainty in the sciences and the radical scepticism which spread across Europe when publications of Sextus Empiricus became available. Descartes desired to find indubitable ground on which all the sciences
William Seager (philosopher) – present. William Seager (philosopher) William Edward Seager (born April 11, 1952 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian philosopher. He is a Professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, Scarborough. His academic specialties of the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of science He received his B.A. in 1973 from the University of Alberta. his M.A. in 1976 from the same university and his Ph.D in 1981 from the University of Toronto under the direction of R. B. DeSousa with a thesis on "Materialism and the Foundations of Representation" He has been Associate Editor of "Canadian Journal of Philosophy"