James Hume (mathematician) James Hume (mathematician) James Hume (fl. 1639) was a Scottish mathematician. He is given credit for introducing the modern exponential notation, along with René Descartes. The son of David Hume of Godscroft, sometimes therefore called described as "Scotus Theagrius", James Hume lived in France. Theagrius was a pen-name used by his father, and has been thought a macaronic form of "Godscroft". Hume published a Hebrew grammar in Hamburg, in 1624. On the title-page of his "Pantaleonis Vaticinia Satyra", dated Rouen, 1633, Hume is called "Med. Doctor". The "Satyra" is a Latin romance, imitating John Barclay's "Argenis". It is an "elegant
Islamic philosophy and religion. The social philosopher and Ash'ari polymath Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) was the last major Islamic philosopher from Tunis, North Africa. In his "Muqaddimah", he developed the earliest theories on social philosophy, in formulating theories of social cohesion and social conflict. His "Muqaddimah" was also the introduction to a seven volume analysis of universal history. Ibn Khaldun is considered the "father of sociology", "father of historiography", and "father of the philosophy of history" by some, for allegedly being the first to discuss the topics of sociology, historiography and the philosophy of history in detail. Islamic philosophy found an audience with