Giovanni Antonio Galli Giovanni Antonio Galli Giovanni Antonio Galli (1708–1782) was a physician who pioneered the teaching of obstetrics in Bologna using three-dimensional models. Giovanni Antonio Galli was born in 1708. He was appointed a Professor in the School of Surgery of the University of Bologna. Galli opened a school on obstetrics in his house. He encouraged Anna Morandi Manzolini, wife and assistant of the wax anatomical modeler Giovanni Manzolini, to give private lectures on anatomy. She had learned from her husband and from her own experience in dissection, and gained a European reputation. Anna Morandi was widowed in 1755. Soon after, she
18th-century French literature the originality and importance of their ideas and for their literary talent; writers such as Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Diderot and Beaumarchais, whose ideas are still quoted today. They used their novels and plays as weapons which profoundly changed their society, while expressing their own personalities and feelings. Thanks largely to these writers, in the 18th century French became the language of culture, political and social reform all across Europe, and as far away as America and Russia. 18th-century French literature 18th-century French literature is French literature written between 1715, the year of the death of King Louis XIV of France,