Stomatitis meaning "inflammation". Malnutrition (improper dietary intake) or malabsorption (poor absorption of nutrients into the body) can lead to nutritional deficiency states, several of which can lead to stomatitis. For example, deficiencies of iron, vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folic acid) or vitamin B12 (cobalamine) may all manifest as stomatitis. Iron is necessary for the upregulation of transcriptional elements for cell replication and repair. Lack of iron can cause genetic downregulation of these elements, leading to ineffective repair and regeneration of epithelial cells, especially in the mouth and lips. Many disorders which cause malabsorption can
Medicine in ancient Rome the initial object that allowed the stabilization of these humours. By contrast, drugs, venesection, cautery and surgery were drastic and were to be used only when diet could no longer help. The survival and amendment of Hippocratic medicine is attributed to Galen. He writes that a physician "must be skilled at reasoning about the problems presented to him, must understand the nature and function of the body within the physician world and must "practice temperance and despise all money". The ideal physician treats both the poor and elite fairly and is a student of all that affects health. Galen references