November (Roman month) have been the most ancient holidays, becoming part of the calendar before 509 BC. Unless otherwise noted, the dating and observances on the following table are from H.H. Scullard, "Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic" (Cornell University Press, 1981), pp. 196–198. After the Ides, dates for the Julian calendar are given; pre-Julian dates for particular events, when April had one less day, are noted parenthetically. November (Roman month) November (from Latin "novem", "nine") or mensis November was originally the ninth of ten months on the Roman calendar, following October ("octo", "eight") and preceding December ("decem", "ten"). It had 29
September (Roman month) BC as part of the Julian calendar reform. September has none of the archaic festivals that are marked in large letters for other months on extant Roman "fasti". Instead, about half the month is devoted to the "Ludi Romani", "Roman Games", which developed as votive games for Jupiter Optimus Maximus ("Jupiter Best and Greatest"). The "Ludi Romani" are the oldest games instituted by the Romans, dating from 509 BC. On the Ides of September (the 13th), Jupiter was honored with a public banquet, the "Epulum Jovis". A nail-driving ritual in the temple marked the passing of the political year during