Juan Velasco Alvarado lowest amount of arable land per capita in South America, according to scholar Jay Cristobal. Less than 2% of the Peruvian territory is arable land, with 98% of the territory composed of arid desert with little rain, harsh mountains with very steep terrain, or wild Amazon forest. The deposed Belaúnde administration had attempted to implement a milder agrarian reform program, but it was defeated in Congress by the APRA-UNO coalition with support of the major landowners. Within this framework, the Velasco administration engaged in an aggressive program of import substitution industrialization, imposing tight foreign exchange and trade controls. The success
Miguel Alemán Velasco Miguel Alemán Velasco Miguel Alemán Velasco (born March 18, 1932 in Veracruz) is a Mexican politician, businessman and philanthropist. He is a former senator and governor of Veracruz. Alemán Velasco is the son of former Mexican president Miguel Alemán Valdés (1946–52), the first candidate to run for the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party, and Beatriz Velasco Mendoza. Alemán Velasco holds a bachelor's degree in Law from the National Autonomous University of Mexico. On August 9, 2004 Alemán was honored by the Government of Panama with the Great Cross of Vasco Nuñez de Balboa. He sought his party's nomination for