Experimental musical instrument including intonarumori ("intoners" or "noise machines"), to create "noises" for performance. Unfortunately, none of his original intonarumori survived World War II. Replicas are being made though. Léon Theremin was a Russian inventor, most famous for his invention of the theremin around 1919–1920, one of the first electronic musical instruments. The Ondes Martenot is another early example of an electronic musical instrument. The luthéal is a type of prepared piano created by George Cloetens in the late 1890s and used by Maurice Ravel in his "Tzigane" for luthéal and violin. The instrument can produce sounds like a guitar or a harmonica,
Geophone (musical instrument) performance in New York City). Messiaen's wife, Yvonne Loriod, commented that when she and the composer first collected the new instrument from the maker in her car it made a "splendid crescendo" whenever they went round a corner. Messiaen also included the instrument in his only opera, "Saint François d'Assise", which was first performed in Paris 1983. Other works that use the geophone include "Asyla" by Thomas Adès, "…towards a Pure Land" by Jonathan Harvey, and the operas "The Sacrifice" by James MacMillan and "Dark Sisters" by Nico Muhly. Geophone (musical instrument) The geophone is a percussion instrument, invented by