Double-hulled tanker after 6 July 1993 to be fitted with double hulls, or an alternative design approved by IMO". However, in the aftermath of the Erika incident of the coast off France in December 1999, members of IMO adopted a revised schedule for the phase-out of single-hull tankers, which came into effect on 1 September 2003, with further amendments validated on 5 April 2005. After the Exxon Valdez oil spill disaster, when that ship grounded on Bligh Reef outside the port of Valdez, Alaska in 1989, the US Government required all new oil tankers built for use between US ports to be
History of the oil tanker smaller ULCCs, these ships are sometimes given the "V-Plus" size designation. In February 2008, their owners announced plans to convert "TI Africa" and the "TI Asia" into stationary floating storage and offloading units to be placed in the Al Shaheen oilfield near Qatar in late 2009. With the exception of the pipeline, the tanker is the most cost-effective way to move oil today. Worldwide, tankers carry some annually, and the cost of transportation by tanker amounts to US$0.02 per gallon at the pump. The first open register was Panama in 1916. Fear for political instability and high and excessive consular