French philosophy for René Descartes' oeuvre. Modern philosophy began in France with the philosophy of René Descartes (1596–1650). His "Meditations on First Philosophy" changed the primary object of philosophical thought from ontology to epistemology and overcame the Aristotelian dogmatism inherited in philosophy from Scholasticism, the dominant form of thought in preceding centuries, while simultaneously raising some of the most fundamental problems for future generations of philosophers. René Descartes was concerned with the uncertainty in the sciences and the radical scepticism which spread across Europe when publications of Sextus Empiricus became available. Descartes desired to find indubitable ground on which all the sciences
Georg Kohler (philosopher) Georg Kohler (philosopher) Georg Kohler (born in Konolfingen, Bern, Switzerland in 1945) is a Swiss Philosopher. He is a professor emeritus of Political Philosophy at University of Zurich. He is also a publicist and an author. He has written books on political philosophy and modern day Swiss politics and also collaborated with other writers including Hermann Lübbe. Kohler's early education was in grammar schools. He then studied philosophy at the university of Zurich. In 1978 he completed his Licentiate degree of Jurisprudenz (law) from the University of Zurich. Until 1980 he held the post of Assistant of Philosophical Seminars at