Hedda Gabler more important than the rational one. Ibsen was interested in the then-embryonic science of mental illness and had a poor understanding by present-day standards. His "Ghosts" is another example of this. Examples of the troubled 19th-century female might include oppressed, but "normal", wilful characters; women in abusive or loveless relationships; and those with some type of organic brain disease. Ibsen is content to leave such explanations unsettled. Bernard Paris interprets Gabler's actions as stemming from her "need for freedom [which is] as compensatory as her craving for power... her desire to shape a man's destiny." The play was performed in
Neal Gabler and financial difficulties of many middle and upper class Americans, and described in some detail his own financial insecurity. Gabler has taught at the University of Michigan and at Pennsylvania State University. He is currently Senior Fellow at the USC Annenberg Norman Lear Center. As of September 2011, Gabler is a Research Fellow at the Shorenstein Center for the Press, Public Policy and Politics at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. An excerpt from "Life the Movie: How Entertainment Conquered Reality" by Gabler was used on the AP English Language exam. In 1982, Gabler paired with Jeffrey Lyons as replacement