Independence Act of Panama 10 November 1821, rebels throughout the Panamanian countryside began demanding independence. Using bribes to quell resistance from the Spanish troops and garner their desertion, the rebels gained control of Panama City without bloodshed. An open meeting was held with merchants, landowners, and elites, who fearing retaliation from Spain and interruption of trade decided to join the Republic of Gran Colombia and drafted the Independence Act of Panama. The Declaration of Independence was drafted on 28 November 1821 by the educator and diplomat Manuel José Hurtado and consisted of twelve articles. The text is as follows: José Vallarino Jiménez was chosen
Independence Day (Turkmenistan) Independence Day (Turkmenistan) Independence Day of Turkmenistan () is the main state holiday in Turkmenistan. This date is celebrated in Turkmenistan annually on September 27. Turkmenistan participated in the referendum held in March 1991 in an attempt to preserve the Soviet Union as a renewed federation with the 98.26% voters approved. Following the events of the failed coup that took place in August, the Supreme Soviet of the Turkmenistan decided to adopt the law "About Independence and Bases of a State System of Turkmenistan" when it declared independence on October 27, 1991. After disintegration of the USSR the Turkmen Soviet