French philosophy for René Descartes' oeuvre. Modern philosophy began in France with the philosophy of René Descartes (1596–1650). His "Meditations on First Philosophy" changed the primary object of philosophical thought from ontology to epistemology and overcame the Aristotelian dogmatism inherited in philosophy from Scholasticism, the dominant form of thought in preceding centuries, while simultaneously raising some of the most fundamental problems for future generations of philosophers. René Descartes was concerned with the uncertainty in the sciences and the radical scepticism which spread across Europe when publications of Sextus Empiricus became available. Descartes desired to find indubitable ground on which all the sciences
Nietzsche and Philosophy Spoke Zarathustra" (1883), Nietzsche twice denies that "the eternal return is a circle which makes the same return." "Nietzsche and Philosophy" became a celebrated work. The philosopher Peter Dews writes that "Nietzsche and Philosophy" was central to the post-structuralist texts of the decade that followed its publication, including Deleuze's "Anti-Oedipus" (1972). According to Ronald Bogue, "Nietzsche and Philosophy" marked a significant turning-point in French philosophy, which had previously given little consideration to Nietzsche as a serious or coherent philosopher. Bogue writes that Deleuze was one of the first commentators to discuss the concepts of the will to power and the