Juan Velasco Alvarado lowest amount of arable land per capita in South America, according to scholar Jay Cristobal. Less than 2% of the Peruvian territory is arable land, with 98% of the territory composed of arid desert with little rain, harsh mountains with very steep terrain, or wild Amazon forest. The deposed Belaúnde administration had attempted to implement a milder agrarian reform program, but it was defeated in Congress by the APRA-UNO coalition with support of the major landowners. Within this framework, the Velasco administration engaged in an aggressive program of import substitution industrialization, imposing tight foreign exchange and trade controls. The success
Juan Alvarado y del Saz July and 30 November 1906 in a government presided over by José López Domínguez. Between 21 October 1909 and 9 February 1910 he would occupy the Ministry of the Treasury in a cabinet presided over by Segismundo Moret. Later he served as Minister of Justice from 11 October 1913 to 19 April 1917, and Minister of State until the 11 June 1917 under the presidency of Manuel García Prieto. He died in 1935. Juan Alvarado y del Saz Juan Alvarado y del Saz (1856–1935) was a Spanish lawyer and politician. He was Minister of Naval Defense of Spain and Minister