2013 New York City Borough President elections Perri earned 7.9%, Escoffery-Bey garnered 1.6% and Lundgren received 1.1%. Incumbent Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz (D) cannot run again because of term limits. Markowitz has served three terms (12 years) as Brooklyn Borough President. Besides the Democratic and Republican parties, the Conservative, Green, Independence and Working Families parties are qualified New York parties. These parties have automatic ballot access. Adams won the election with 90.8% of the vote. Weir garnered 9.2%. Incumbent Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer (D) is not seeking reelection but is instead running for New York City Comptroller in the 2013 election. Any candidate not among
New York City dominated by Tammany Hall, a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants. Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, John Keese, Nathaniel Parker Willis, and Edgar Allan Poe. Public-minded members of the contemporaneous business elite lobbied for the establishment of Central Park, which in 1857 became the first landscaped park in an American city. The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants, of whom over 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of