Modern philosophy will determine the scope of one's use of "modern philosophy." How much of Renaissance intellectual history is part of modern philosophy is disputed: the Early Renaissance is often considered less modern and more medieval compared to the later High Renaissance. By the 17th and 18th centuries the major figures in philosophy of mind, epistemology, and metaphysics were roughly divided into two main groups. The "Rationalists," mostly in France and Germany, argued all knowledge must begin from certain "innate ideas" in the mind. Major rationalists were Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz, and Nicolas Malebranche. The "Empiricists," by contrast, held that knowledge
James Franklin (philosopher) Sydney School in the philosophy of mathematics. In 2008 he set up the Australian Database of Indigenous Violence. He is the editor of the "Journal of the Australian Catholic Historical Society". Franklin has written several books and articles: Articles (a selection): James Franklin (philosopher) James Franklin (born 1953 in Sydney) is an Australian philosopher, mathematician and historian of ideas. Franklin was educated at St. Joseph's College, Hunters Hill, New South Wales. His undergraduate work was at the University of Sydney (1971–74), where he attended St John's College and he was influenced by philosophers David Stove and David Armstrong. He completed