Modern philosophy will determine the scope of one's use of "modern philosophy." How much of Renaissance intellectual history is part of modern philosophy is disputed: the Early Renaissance is often considered less modern and more medieval compared to the later High Renaissance. By the 17th and 18th centuries the major figures in philosophy of mind, epistemology, and metaphysics were roughly divided into two main groups. The "Rationalists," mostly in France and Germany, argued all knowledge must begin from certain "innate ideas" in the mind. Major rationalists were Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz, and Nicolas Malebranche. The "Empiricists," by contrast, held that knowledge
Ethics, Institutions, and the Right to Philosophy Ethics, Institutions, and the Right to Philosophy Ethics, Institutions, and the Right to Philosophy is a 2002 English book edited by Peter Pericles Trifonas which contains a lecture and a roundtable discussion by French philosopher Jacques Derrida, and a 50 pages essay by Trifonas himself. Derrida's lecture is titled, "The Right to Philosophy from the Cosmopolitical Point of View". The first chapter is the lecture "The Right to Philosophy from the Cosmopolitical Point of View", held in 1991 by French philosopher "Jacques Derrida" at UNESCO. The second chapter of the book is a roundtable discussion in which Derrida responded to