History of physics Descartes has been dubbed the 'Father of Modern Philosophy', and much subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely to this day. In particular, his "Meditations on First Philosophy" continues to be a standard text at most university philosophy departments. Descartes' influence in mathematics is equally apparent; the Cartesian coordinate system — allowing algebraic equations to be expressed as geometric shapes in a two-dimensional coordinate system — was named after him. He is credited as the father of analytical geometry, the bridge between algebra and geometry, important to the discovery of calculus and analysis. The
Freud and Philosophy about symbols explored in his earlier work "The Symbolism of Evil" (1960). One of Ricœur's most noted works, "Freud and Philosophy" has been compared to the philosopher Herbert Marcuse's "Eros and Civilization" (1955), the classicist Norman O. Brown's "Life Against Death" (1959), the sociologist Philip Rieff's "" (1959), and the philosopher Jürgen Habermas's "Knowledge and Human Interests" (1968). Commentators have praised Ricœur's discussion of Freud's theories, his exploration of usually neglected aspects of Freud's work, and his discussion of phenomenology. Ricœur's suggestion that Freud, Marx, and Nietzsche form a "school of suspicion" has become famous. However, "Freud and Philosophy" became