Battle of Cannae shaping the military structure and tactical organization of the Roman Republican army. At Cannae, the Roman infantry assumed a formation similar to the Greek phalanx. This left them vulnerable to Hannibal's tactic of double envelopment since their inability to maneuver independently from the mass of the army made it impossible for them to counter the strategic encirclement used by the Carthaginian cavalry. The laws of the Roman state requiring command to alternate between the two consuls restricted strategic consistency. In the years following Cannae, striking reforms were introduced to address these deficiencies. First, the Romans "articulated the phalanx, then divided
Ancient aesthetics (1345 A.D – 1521 A.D), The Romans (550 BC – 465 B.C,) the Persians (550 BC – 465 B.C), Chinese civilization (1600 BCE-1046 BCE,) Mayan civilization (2600 BC-900 A.D,) Ancient Egypt (3100 BCE-2686 BCE), Indus Valley civilization (3300 BC -1900 BC) and Mesopotamia (3500 BC -500 BC.) Ancient or archaic Greece is classified as the time period between 800 B.C. and 500 B.C. Beauty in ancient Greece (800-300 BCE) was referred to as κάλλος. The history of ancient Greek aesthetics spans centuries.Philosophical theories of beauty through this era fall under categories of proportion, functionality and the Form. Influence of beauty