Egyptians nationalist sentiment reached a high point after the 1906 Dinshaway Incident, when following an altercation between a group of British soldiers and Egyptian farmers, four of the farmers were hanged while others were condemned to public flogging. Dinshaway, a watershed in the history of Egyptian anti-colonial resistance, galvanized Egyptian opposition against the British, culminating in the founding of the first two political parties in Egypt: the secular, liberal "Umma" (the Nation, 1907) headed by Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, and the more radical, pro-Islamic "Watani" Party (National Party, 1908) headed by Mustafa Kamil. Lutfi was born to a family of farmers in
South African military ranks South African military ranks The South African National Defence Force's rank system is largely based on the British system, with the Air Force (and later the Military Health Service) sharing the Army rank titles. Rank titles changed over time as did the insignia. In 2002 the South African Air Force redesigned its insignia completely, while keeping the Army titles. General officers Field officers Company / junior officers Warrant officers In June 2008 a new series of warrant officer ranks were introduced. Non-commissioned officers Rank and file Flag officers Senior officers Junior officers Petty officers Ratings During the Apartheid era, the