Poetry other variations of "shi" poetry, generally either a four line (quatrain, or "jueju") or else an eight line poem is normal; either way with the even numbered lines rhyming. The line length is scanned by according number of characters (according to the convention that one character equals one syllable), and are predominantly either five or seven characters long, with a caesura before the final three syllables. The lines are generally end-stopped, considered as a series of couplets, and exhibit verbal parallelism as a key poetic device. The "old style" verse ("gushi") is less formally strict than the "jintishi", or regulated
Sapphic stanza in Polish poetry Sapphic stanza in some poems. Olbrycht Karmanowski, a minor poet, employed it in the poem "O śmierci" ("On Death"). Lenart Gnoiński used Sapphic stanzas in the tenth poem of a sequence named "Łzy smutne" ("Sorrowful Tears"). Daniel Naborowski, a Calvinist poet, employed the Sapphic stanza in "Lament I" from "Laments on Death of Duke Radziwiłł, Castellan of Vilnius". The poem consists of eleven strophes. Jan Andrzej Morsztyn, whose poetry (influenced strongly by Giambattista Marino) is most typical for Baroque, used Sappho's stanza in "Do lutnie" ("To a Lute") from "Lutnia" ("The Lute") and in "Wiejski żywot" ("Life in a Village"