Enduring Love (film) next. During the ending credits, Jed, who also survived, is shown in a mental institution and appears to be obsessively writing a letter. He looks up at the camera and smiles while the end credits roll. The film received mixed reviews. Rotten Tomatoes assigned the film a score of 59% based on 96 reviews. "Empire", however, voted it #426 on their list of the 500 greatest films ever made. Enduring Love (film) Enduring Love is a 2004 British film directed by Roger Michell with screenwriter Joe Penhall, based on the novel of the same name by Ian McEwan. The story
Substitutionary atonement the Church Fathers, including Justin Martyr, Athanasius and Augustine incorporate a theory of substitutionary atonement into their writings. However, the specific interpretation as to what this suffering for sinners meant differed to some extent. It is widely held that the early Church Fathers, including Athanasius and Augustine, taught that through Christ's vicarious suffering in humanity's place, he overcame and liberated humanity from sin, death, and the devil. Thus, while the idea of substitutionary atonement is present in nearly all atonement theories, the specific idea of satisfaction and penal substitution are later developments in the Roman Catholic church and in Calvinism.