Egyptians nationalist sentiment reached a high point after the 1906 Dinshaway Incident, when following an altercation between a group of British soldiers and Egyptian farmers, four of the farmers were hanged while others were condemned to public flogging. Dinshaway, a watershed in the history of Egyptian anti-colonial resistance, galvanized Egyptian opposition against the British, culminating in the founding of the first two political parties in Egypt: the secular, liberal "Umma" (the Nation, 1907) headed by Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, and the more radical, pro-Islamic "Watani" Party (National Party, 1908) headed by Mustafa Kamil. Lutfi was born to a family of farmers in
Officers of the County of Edessa Officers of the County of Edessa The officers (or great officers) of the County of Edessa were the appointed officials in charge of various aspects of the government of the county.The offices they held pertained to the management of the count's household and the military defence of the county. The same offices existed in the other Crusader states, but given the early collapse Edessa (1144) they are poorly attested there. Among the offices recorded at Edessa are those of castellan, chancellor, constable and marshal. Two constables are known: Hervé from 1134 and Roger from 1141. Also known from 1141 are