Kingdom of England down. By 1588, her new navy was strong enough to defeat the Spanish Armada, which had sought to invade England to put a Catholic monarch on the throne in her place. The House of Tudor ended with the death of Elizabeth I on 24 March 1603. James I ascended the throne of England and brought it into personal union with the Kingdom of Scotland. Despite the Union of the Crowns, the kingdoms remained separate and independent states: a state of affairs which lasted for more than a century. The Stuart kings overestimated the power of the English monarchy, and were
Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford in 1494. Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, Earl of Pembroke, (Welsh: "Siasbar ab Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur ap Goronwy") (c. November 143121/26 December 1495) was the uncle of King Henry VII of England and a leading architect of his nephew's successful conquest of England and Wales in 1485. He was from the noble Tudor family of Penmynydd in North Wales. Jasper Tudor's coat of arms, granted to him by his maternal half-brother, King Henry VI, quarters the three lilies of France with the three lions of England, with the addition of a "bordure azure