Doubling the cube cube involve neusis, the cissoid of Diocles, the conchoid of Nicomedes, or the Philo line. Archytas solved the problem in the 4th century BC using geometric construction in three dimensions, determining a certain point as the intersection of three surfaces of revolution. False claims of doubling the cube with compass and straightedge abound in mathematical crank literature (pseudomathematics). Origami may also be used to construct the cube root of two by folding paper. There is a simple neusis construction using a marked ruler for a length which is the cube root of 2 times another length. Then AG is the
Root of unity modulo n it is not a primitive root, then there would be some divisor ℓ of "k", with formula_57. In order to exclude this possibility, one has only to check for a few ℓ's equal "k" divided by a prime. That is, what needs to be checked is: Among the primitive "k"-th roots of unity, the primitive formula_23-th roots are most frequent. It is thus recommended to try some integers for being a primitive formula_23-th root, what will succeed quickly. For a primitive formula_23-th root "x", the number formula_30 is a primitive formula_25-th root of unity. If "k" does not divide formula_23,