Marc Amsler honor in ophthalmology. Amsler was professor and chief of the Zurich Eye Clinic until 1961. His successor was Rudolf Witmer. He is best known for the Amsler grid test. The Amsler grid was an improvement over the initial work done by the ophthalmologist Edmond Landolt. The grid tests the function of the macula, a part of the retina, so that macular degeneration can be identified. He also contributed to the progress in the understanding of uveitis. Furthermore, he published works on keratoconus. In 1951, Dr. Amsler performed the first corneal transplantation at the Zurich Eye clinic. Marc Amsler Marc Amsler
Examining magistrate the ultimate charging decision. Greek investigative magistrates can also issue arrest warrants. Italy abolished the examining magistrate in 1989, as part of a broader overhaul of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure. The reform transferred the investigative functions of the examining magistrate to public prosecutors, who in Italy are also considered judges. The reform transferred the oversight functions of examining magistrates to newly created "judges of the preliminary investigation" with specified duties, including the issuance of search warrants, the authorization of wiretaps, and the decision on pretrial detention. The replacement of examining magistrates was not the only element of the