Eighth note which are graphical dingbats). Eighth notes in , , , and are beamed three eighth notes at a time. A single eighth note is always stemmed with a flag, while two or more are usually beamed in groups . Eighth note An eighth note (American) or a quaver (British) is a musical note played for half the value of a quarter note (crotchet) and twice that of the sixteenth note (semiquaver), which amounts to one quarter the duration of a half note (minim), one eighth the duration of whole note (semibreve), one sixteenth the duration of a double whole note
Time value of money is to emphasize that "u" is a "parameter" (fixed in any instance—the time when the cash flow will occur), while "t" is a "variable" (time). In other words, future cash flows are exponentially discounted (exp) by the sum (integral, formula_44) of the future discount rates (formula_45 for future, "r"("v") for discount rates), while past cash flows are worth 0 (formula_46), because they have already occurred. Note that the value "at" the moment of a cash flow is not well-defined – there is a discontinuity at that point, and one can use a convention (assume cash flows have already occurred, or