Liancourt Rocks dispute Japan. In 1954, Japan proposed a reference to the International Court of Justice, which South Korea rejected, believing that the Liancourt Rocks are irrefutably South Korean territories, and thus should not be dealt through diplomatic negotiations or judicial settlement between South Korea and Japan. There are conflicting interpretations about the historical state of sovereignty over the islets. Korean claims are partly based on references to a Korean island called "Usan-do" in various historical records, maps and encyclopedias such as the "Samguk Sagi", "Annals of the Joseon Dynasty", "Dongguk Yeoji Seungnam" (), and "Dongguk munheon bigo" (). According to the Korean
Disputed status of the isthmus between Gibraltar and Spain in a , as well as in several EU acts, the UK has acknowledged that Spain disputes the sovereignty of the isthmus ("The ... arrangements ... are understood to be without prejudice to the respective legal positions of Spain and the United Kingdom with regard to the dispute over sovereignty over the territory in which the airport is situated."), although they reject the basis for that dispute. The Gibraltar government rejects Spain's argument in its entirety. They point out that as "Utrecht" ceded ""the town and castle of Gibraltar, together with the port, fortifications, and forts thereunto belonging"" and there