Kingdom of England down. By 1588, her new navy was strong enough to defeat the Spanish Armada, which had sought to invade England to put a Catholic monarch on the throne in her place. The House of Tudor ended with the death of Elizabeth I on 24 March 1603. James I ascended the throne of England and brought it into personal union with the Kingdom of Scotland. Despite the Union of the Crowns, the kingdoms remained separate and independent states: a state of affairs which lasted for more than a century. The Stuart kings overestimated the power of the English monarchy, and were
William Tudor (1779–1830) purring cats, and cranberry sauce; "The Life of James Otis of Massachusetts" (1823), generally considered Tudor's best work; and "Gebel Teir" (1829), an anonymous satire on international politics in which a council of birds, representing the United States, Spain, England, France, and the Elysian Fields, gathers to discuss politics. William Tudor (1779–1830) William Tudor (January 28, 1779March 9, 1830) was a leading citizen of Boston, sometime literary man, and cofounder of the "North American Review" and the Boston Athenæum. It was Tudor who christened Boston "The Athens of America" in an 1819 letter. His brother Frederic Tudor founded the Tudor