Gravidity and parity >20 weeks(duration varies from region to region, 20 - 28 weeks, depending upon age of viability). A woman who has never carried a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks is "nulliparous", and is called a "nullipara" or "para 0". A woman who has given birth once before is "primiparous", and is referred to as a "primipara" or "primip"; moreover, a woman who has given birth two or more times is "multiparous" and is called a "multip".. Finally, "grand multipara" describes the condition of having given birth five or more times. Like gravidity, parity may also be counted. A woman who has given
What Is to Be Done? (novel) What Is to Be Done? (novel) What Is To Be Done? (; also translated as What Shall We Do? and literally translated as "What To Do?") is an 1863 novel written by the Russian philosopher, journalist and literary critic Nikolai Chernyshevsky. It was written in response to "Fathers and Sons" (1862) by Ivan Turgenev. The chief character is a woman, Vera Pavlovna, who escapes the control of her family and an arranged marriage to seek economic independence. The novel advocates the creation of small socialist cooperatives based on the Russian peasant commune, but oriented toward industrial production. The author promoted