Roman army of the mid-Republic placed unprecedented strains on Roman manpower, not least on the Order of Knights and the First Class of commoners which provided the cavalry. During Hannibal's apocalyptic march through Italy (218–216 BC), thousands of Roman cavalrymen were killed in the field. The losses were especially serious for the equestrian order, which also provided the army's senior officers. Livy relates how, after Cannae, gold rings (a badge of knightly rank), recovered from the corpses of Roman knights formed a pile one "modius" (about 9 litres) large. In the succeeding years 214–203 BC, the Romans kept at least 21 legions in the field
Ancient aesthetics (1345 A.D – 1521 A.D), The Romans (550 BC – 465 B.C,) the Persians (550 BC – 465 B.C), Chinese civilization (1600 BCE-1046 BCE,) Mayan civilization (2600 BC-900 A.D,) Ancient Egypt (3100 BCE-2686 BCE), Indus Valley civilization (3300 BC -1900 BC) and Mesopotamia (3500 BC -500 BC.) Ancient or archaic Greece is classified as the time period between 800 B.C. and 500 B.C. Beauty in ancient Greece (800-300 BCE) was referred to as κάλλος. The history of ancient Greek aesthetics spans centuries.Philosophical theories of beauty through this era fall under categories of proportion, functionality and the Form. Influence of beauty