Ghost note (of Motown), Rocco Prestia (for Tower of Power), and Chuck Rainey (for Steely Dan, Aretha Franklin, and others) all include "tons of ghost notes done right" in their playing. In vocal music, especially in musical theater, a ghost note represents that the lyrics must be spoken rather than sung, retaining the marked rhythm but having indeterminate pitch. Notes with value less than a half note use an "X" instead of an oval as a note head. Occasionally a half note or whole note is represented with an open diamond note head, often representing a scream or grunt. As an extreme
Time value of money at future time "n": Summing over all payments from time 1 to time n, then reversing t Note that this is a geometric series, with the initial value being "a" = "C", the multiplicative factor being 1 + "i", with "n" terms. Applying the formula for geometric series, we get The present value of the annuity (PVA) is obtained by simply dividing by formula_19: Another simple and intuitive way to derive the future value of an annuity is to consider an endowment, whose interest is paid as the annuity, and whose principal remains constant. The principal of this hypothetical endowment