Felidae carnivores, meaning they are dependent on nutrients in animal flesh for survival, and because of the large proportion of meat in their diet they are sometimes referred to as hypercarnivores. Of the 13 terrestrial families in the order Carnivora, they are the strictest carnivores. The Felidae comprises two subfamilies, the Pantherinae and the Felinae. The former includes the "Panthera" species tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard, snow leopard, and "Neofelis" species clouded leopard and Sunda clouded leopard. All the non-pantherine cats are part of the Felinae, which includes several genera and the majority of cat species. The first cats emerged during the
Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments World Animal Protection). The following year, Michael Balls became one of the founder members of the Animals Procedures Committee. 1989 - INVITTOX, a collection of protocols for in vitro methods in toxicology, was established. This database is now part of ECVAM's Scientific Information Service. 1991 - The FRAME Alternatives Laboratory (FAL) opened to conduct research into alternatives. 1995 - The FRAME office relocated to the newly built Russell & Burch House, Nottingham. 1998 - FRAME became a founder member of Focus on Alternatives. This body promotes dialogue between all UK groups that focus on replacement alternatives. 1999 - Bill Russell