Optics principles. For example, the Ames room, Hering, Müller-Lyer, Orbison, Ponzo, Sander, and Wundt illusions all rely on the suggestion of the appearance of distance by using converging and diverging lines, in the same way that parallel light rays (or indeed any set of parallel lines) appear to converge at a vanishing point at infinity in two-dimensionally rendered images with artistic perspective. This suggestion is also responsible for the famous moon illusion where the moon, despite having essentially the same angular size, appears much larger near the horizon than it does at zenith. This illusion so confounded Ptolemy that he incorrectly
Ideal point Ideal point In hyperbolic geometry, an ideal point, omega point or point at infinity is a well defined point outside the hyperbolic plane or space. Given a line "l" and a point "P" not on "l", right- and left-limiting parallels to "l" through "P" converge to "l" at "ideal points". Unlike the projective case, ideal points form a boundary, not a submanifold. So, these lines do not "intersect" at an ideal point and such points, although well defined, do not belong to the hyperbolic space itself. The ideal points together form the Cayley absolute or boundary of a hyperbolic geometry.