Solar zenith angle minutes of arc, which is less than the apparent angular radius of the sun. The formula also neglects the effect of atmospheric refraction. Sunset and sunrise occur (approximately) when the zenith angle is 90°, where the hour angle "h" satisfies Precise times of sunset and sunrise occur when the upper limb of the Sun appears, as refracted by the atmosphere, to be on the horizon. A weighted daily average zenith angle, used in computing the local albedo of the Earth, is given by where "Q" is the instantaneous insolation. For example, the solar elevation angle is : An exact calculation
Type 90 Ship-to-Ship Missile Type 90 Ship-to-Ship Missile The Type 90 Ship-to-Ship Missile (90式艦対艦誘導弾, SSM-1B) is a ship-launched anti-ship missile developed by Japan's Mitsubishi Heavy Industries that entered service in 1992. It is a naval version of the truck-launched Type 88 (SSM-1) missile, which in turn was developed from the air-launched Type 80 (ASM-1) missile. The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force bought 384 of the missiles which it fitted to its "Akizuki", "Takanami", Hayabusa, and "Murasame"-class ships. With a range of , high subsonic speed and warhead, the Type 90 is similar to the US's RGM-84 Harpoon missile, and is replacing Harpoon on Japanese ships.