Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz (sometimes spelled Schwartz), also known as Berthold the Black and "der Schwartzer", was a legendary German (or in some accounts Danish or Greek) alchemist of the late 14th century, credited with the invention of gunpowder by 15th- through 19th-century European literature. The purported period of Schwarz' activity (late 14th century) thus falls between the first reports of gunpowder in Europe (late 13th century) and the development of effective applications in artillery (mid 15th century). It is unclear whether Schwarz is a historical person. It has been suggested that he was a historical alchemist who had developed
Hans Schwarz (theologian) Hans Schwarz (theologian) Hans Schwarz (born January 5, 1939 in Schwabach, Germany) is a German Lutheran theologian. After graduation from the Gymnasium (high school) in Schwabach Hans Schwarz studied theology and English literature at the Universities of Erlangen and Göttingen. In 1963 he passed the entrance exam of the Lutheran Church of Bavaria and obtained his Dr. theol. degree (summa cum laude) from the University of Erlangen. His thesis was on Das Verständnis des Wunders bei Heim und Bultmann (The Concept of Miracles in the Theologies of Karl Heim and Rudolf Bultmann; Stuttgart: Calwer Verlag, 1966). 1963-1964 he served as