Apollo 9 to land on the Moon; when the crews for Apollo 8 and 9 were swapped, their backup crews were also swapped. Since the rule of thumb was for backup crews to fly as prime crew three missions later, this put Neil Armstrong's crew (Borman's backup) in position for the first landing mission Apollo 11 instead of Pete Conrad's crew, who made the second landing on Apollo 12. Apollo 9 was the first space test of the complete Apollo spacecraft, including the third critical piece of Apollo hardware besides the command and service module and the Saturn V launch vehicle—the lunar
Women of the Apollo Program Women of the Apollo Program The Women of the Apollo Program is a book written by Robyn Friend, illustrated by David Katz, about 4 women who participated in the United States space program during the Apollo Program. Female members of the Apollo Space Program included Bobbie Johnson, Judith Love Cohen, Ann Dickson, and Ann Maybury. Apollo 11 landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969. Judy worked as an electrical engineer on the abort guidance system of the Apollo Program. The abort guidance system was used during the Apollo 13 mission to safely return the astronauts to the Earth after