Philip de la Vache ""The Canterbury Tales"". However, the reference to Vache in Chaucer's poem may on good grounds also be a pun on his own name. The phrase Vache, leve! in the first line of the Envoy corresponds to medieval French Vache, reïs!, 'cow, leave!'. The French phase reïs, Vache!, (REISVACHE), when reversed, becomes CHAVSIER, the French form of the poet's name (this is a so-called palindrome). In the First Book of Kings in the Old Testament, the cows on their way to Beth Shemesh are likened to holy men, or monks on their way to the Heavenly Jerusalem. Chaucer may have regarded
Alliance for Animal Rights Alliance for Animal Rights The Alliance for Animal Rights (AFAR) is an Irish animal rights movement group based in Dublin which was founded in 1989. The group claims to be the first animal "rights," as opposed to animal welfare, organisation ever to form in Ireland. AFAR states that they stand for and employ "education, campaigns, legislation, and direct action." The group have actively campaigned against the fur trade, animal experimentation, greyhound racing, zoos, animal farms, live exports, and other forms of animal use. They are currently in alliance with a younger Irish animal rights group, National Animal Rights Association (NARA)