Apollo 9 to land on the Moon; when the crews for Apollo 8 and 9 were swapped, their backup crews were also swapped. Since the rule of thumb was for backup crews to fly as prime crew three missions later, this put Neil Armstrong's crew (Borman's backup) in position for the first landing mission Apollo 11 instead of Pete Conrad's crew, who made the second landing on Apollo 12. Apollo 9 was the first space test of the complete Apollo spacecraft, including the third critical piece of Apollo hardware besides the command and service module and the Saturn V launch vehicle—the lunar
Women of the Apollo Program Fact (DBTF) for systems and software design. Hamilton published over 130 papers, proceedings and reports about the 60 projects and six major programs in which she was involved. Eventually, she became director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. This division was responsible for developing the computer and software used on the Apollo 11 mission, under contract to NASA. Women of the Apollo Program The Women of the Apollo Program is a book written by Robyn Friend, illustrated by David Katz, about 4 women who participated in the United States space program during the Apollo Program. Female