Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz (sometimes spelled Schwartz), also known as Berthold the Black and "der Schwartzer", was a legendary German (or in some accounts Danish or Greek) alchemist of the late 14th century, credited with the invention of gunpowder by 15th- through 19th-century European literature. The purported period of Schwarz' activity (late 14th century) thus falls between the first reports of gunpowder in Europe (late 13th century) and the development of effective applications in artillery (mid 15th century). It is unclear whether Schwarz is a historical person. It has been suggested that he was a historical alchemist who had developed
Ernst Schwarz (sinologist) high standards concerning Tao Yuan-Ming, Confucius and Lao Tse in the German-speaking world. His autobiography, Tausend Tore hat die Wahrheit, (A Thousand Gates have the Truth), published in Berlin in 2001, is no longer in print. In 1981, Ernst Schwarz received the F.-C.-Weiskopf Prize and in 1992 the Golden Medal of Honour of Vienna (Ehrenmedaille der Bundeshauptstadt Wien). He is the father of actress Melan Schwarz aka Marijam Agischewa. Ernst Schwarz (sinologist) Ernst Schwarz (6 August 1916, Vienna - 6 September 2003, Münichreith) was an Austrian sinologist and translator. Ernst Schwarz came from a Jewish merchant family from Vienna. His