Active camouflage the surface, so when marine animals are seen from below, they appear darker than the background. Some species of cephalopod, such as the eye-flash squid and the firefly squid, produce light in photophores on their undersides to match the background. Bioluminescence is common among marine animals, so counterillumination may be widespread, though light has other functions, including attracting prey and signalling. Color change permits camouflage against different backgrounds. Many cephalopods including octopuses, cuttlefish, and squids, and some terrestrial amphibians and reptiles including chameleons and anoles can rapidly change color and pattern, though the major reasons for this include signalling, not
Military camouflage and impressionism also influenced the development of camouflage as they dealt with disrupting outlines, abstraction and colour theory. The French established a "Section de Camouflage" (Camouflage Department) at Amiens in 1915, headed by Lucien-Victor Guirand de Scévola. His "camoufleurs" included the artists Jacques Villon, André Dunoyer de Segonzac, Charles Camoin and André Mare. Camouflage schemes of the First World War and Interwar periods that employed dazzle patterns were often described as "cubist" by commentators, and Picasso claimed with typical hyperbole "Yes, it is we who made it, that is cubism". Most of the artists employed as "camoufleurs" were traditional representative