Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz (sometimes spelled Schwartz), also known as Berthold the Black and "der Schwartzer", was a legendary German (or in some accounts Danish or Greek) alchemist of the late 14th century, credited with the invention of gunpowder by 15th- through 19th-century European literature. The purported period of Schwarz' activity (late 14th century) thus falls between the first reports of gunpowder in Europe (late 13th century) and the development of effective applications in artillery (mid 15th century). It is unclear whether Schwarz is a historical person. It has been suggested that he was a historical alchemist who had developed
Sebastian F. Schwarz he was made Cavaliere of the Order of the Star of Italy in recognition of his propagation and support of Italian artists and art. Sebastian F. Schwarz Sebastian F. Schwarz (born 1974 in Rostock, East Germany) is a German-born musician, teacher and administrator. He studied vocal performance and musicology in Berlin and Conservatory Benedetto Marcello in Venice，and theatre management in Venice. He worked as a language coach for German, English and Russian productions at Teatro La Fenice and as an artists’ manager in Milan and Venice. For several years, he taught history of music and at tertiary level. He was