Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome (BOFS) is a disease that arises from a mutation in the TFAP2A gene. It is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that starts to affect a child's development before birth. Symptoms of this condition include skin abnormalities on the neck, deformities of the ears and eyes, and other distinctive facial features such a cleft lip along with slow growth, mental retardation and premature graying of hair. "Branchio" refers to the branchial arches, also known as the pharyngeal arches, of the affected individual. The branchial arches are structures in the developing embryo that give rise to certain tissues
Facial width to height ratio the top lip. This can cause experimental error when working from photographs in historical studies due to facial expressions. Facial width to height ratio Facial width to height ratio (fWHR) is a measure derived from archaeological skull measurements. fWHR is not linked with adolescent testosterone, and has been proposed as: a predictor of aggression, cause of death by violence, and also with CEO success probability. While most studies have found some significance some have found little correlation. fWHR has also been used in primate studies with similar findings. Width is measured as upper bizygomatic width (the widest central bit of