Pronation of the foot with many overuse injuries in running including medial tibial stress syndrome, or shin splints, and knee pain Hintermann states, “Individuals with injuries typically have pronation movement that is about two to four degrees greater than that of those with no injuries.” He adds however, that between 40% and 50% of runners who overpronate do not have overuse injuries. This suggests that although pronation may have an effect on certain injuries, it is not the only factor influencing their development. The design principles of foot orthoses are founded on knowledge of the functional anatomy of the foot. Pronation of the foot
Compartment syndrome subsequent kidney failure are also possible complications. In some case series, rhabdomyolysis is reported in 23% of patients with ACS. The most common cause of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is fracture of a bone, which accounts for 69% to 75% of the reported cases. Importantly, there is no difference in the incidence of compartment syndrome between open and closed fractures. Leg compartment syndrome is found in 2% to 9% of tibial fractures. Direct injury to blood vessels can lead to compartment syndrome by reducing the downstream blood supply to soft tissues. This reduction in blood supply can cause a series