Fish intelligence in paradise fish ("Macropodus opercularis") which avoid places where they have experienced a single attack by a predator and continue to avoid for many months. A number of studies have shown that fish can retain information for months or years. Anecdotally, channel catfish ("Ictalurus punctatus") can remember the human voice call announcing food five years after last hearing that call. Goldfish remember the colour of a tube dispensing food one year after the last tube presentation. Sockeye salmon still react to a light signal that precedes food arrival up to eight months since the last reinforcement. Some common rudd and
What Makes a Battle What Makes a Battle What Makes a Battle was a propaganda short produced by the US Army Pictoral Service in 1944. It documents the taking of the Marshall Islands while also encouraging increased war production. The film opens with the narrator asking "What makes a battle?" while the camera is focusing on shipments of industrial transports, "This is what it takes to make a battle." This statement sets up the dual nature of the entire film. War supplies are pouring in from every part of the country, from every type of American "Republican and Democrat, white and colored." Industrial production