Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold The Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold (, ""Black, Red, Gold Banner of the Reich"") was an organization in Germany during the Weimar Republic, formed by members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, the German Centre Party, and the (liberal) German Democratic Party in 1924. Its goal was to defend parliamentary democracy against internal subversion and extremism from the left and right, to teach the population to respect the new Republic, to honor its flag and the constitution. Its name is derived from the Flag of Germany adopted in 1919, the colors of which were associated with liberal parliamentary democracy and
Hans Schwarz (theologian) Hans Schwarz (theologian) Hans Schwarz (born January 5, 1939 in Schwabach, Germany) is a German Lutheran theologian. After graduation from the Gymnasium (high school) in Schwabach Hans Schwarz studied theology and English literature at the Universities of Erlangen and Göttingen. In 1963 he passed the entrance exam of the Lutheran Church of Bavaria and obtained his Dr. theol. degree (summa cum laude) from the University of Erlangen. His thesis was on Das Verständnis des Wunders bei Heim und Bultmann (The Concept of Miracles in the Theologies of Karl Heim and Rudolf Bultmann; Stuttgart: Calwer Verlag, 1966). 1963-1964 he served as