Caduceus as a symbol of medicine worth noting that hospital stewards were not physicians; they played a supporting role preparing drugs for surgeons, supervising nurses and cooks, maintaining accounting and medical records, and in emergencies sometimes performed minor surgery or provided prescriptions. Later, in 1871, the Surgeon General designated the caduceus as the seal of the Marine Hospital Service (destined to become the U.S. Public Health Service in 1912). Gershen states that the change was for aesthetic reasons, whereas Friedlander states the caduceus was adopted by the Marine Hospital Service "because of its relationship with merchant seamen and the maritime industry". The caduceus was formally adopted
Christ with a Staff Christ with a Staff Christ with a Staff or St James the Less is a 1631 painting by Rembrandt, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. It was also known as "Christ" in 1854 and exhibited in 1933 as "The Pilgrim". The picture is in Rembrandt's style of the 1660s and may have painted in his workshop. Whilst the brushwork certainly imitates his unique style some scholars have suggested that its manner of execution is similar to that of Arent de Gelder (1645–1727), one of his latter pupils. In 1661 Rembrandt made a series of paintings of the apostles, including