Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz (sometimes spelled Schwartz), also known as Berthold the Black and "der Schwartzer", was a legendary German (or in some accounts Danish or Greek) alchemist of the late 14th century, credited with the invention of gunpowder by 15th- through 19th-century European literature. The purported period of Schwarz' activity (late 14th century) thus falls between the first reports of gunpowder in Europe (late 13th century) and the development of effective applications in artillery (mid 15th century). It is unclear whether Schwarz is a historical person. It has been suggested that he was a historical alchemist who had developed
Bertha Schwarz compose his "Frühlingsstimmen" waltz for orchestra and solo soprano voice, still familiar today. Although based in Vienna, Bianca Bianchi sometimes performed in other cities of the German and Austrian empires, notably Hamburg, Karlsruhe and Budapest. In 1894 she married the impresario Bernard Pollini, who had been her manager. She died in Salzburg on 16 February 1947. Bertha Schwarz Bertha Schwarz, often known by her stage name Bianca Bianchi, was a coloratura soprano opera singer of the late 19th century. Her greatest successes were at Vienna. Bertha Schwarz was born in Heidelberg, Germany, on 27 January 1855, the daughter of actors