Transylvania State Philharmonic Orchestra Transylvania State Philharmonic Orchestra The Transylvania State Philharmonic Orchestra of Cluj-Napoca has grown to be a valuable institution of music, having a sustained presence in the Romanian and European cultural space. As an artistic institution dedicated exclusively to concert activities, The Cluj-Napoca Philharmonic was founded through an official decree of Romania’s Council of Ministers, in the autumn of 1955, carrying the name ""The Transylvania State Philharmonic Cluj-Napoca"". At that time, the symphonic orchestra had 75 musicians and the ensemble of traditional music had 20 members. Under the supervision of Maestro Wilhelm Demian, the members of the new institution were selected.
1848–49 massacres in Transylvania 1848–49 massacres in Transylvania The 1848–1849 massacres in Transylvania were committed in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. According to Egyed Ákos, 14,000 to 15,000 civilians were massacred in Transylvania in this period. The victims were composed of 7,500–8,500 Hungarians, 4,400–6,000 Romanians, and about 500 Saxons, Armenians, Jews, and members of other groups. Throughout 1848 and 1849, the Hungarians in Transylvania became exposed to the oppositions and repressions of Romanians and Transylvanian Saxons. The Romanian massacres were justified as revenge for the Szekely offensive over the Romanian communities. On 18 October 1848, Romanians attacked and murdered the inhabitants of the village