Active camouflage the surface, so when marine animals are seen from below, they appear darker than the background. Some species of cephalopod, such as the eye-flash squid and the firefly squid, produce light in photophores on their undersides to match the background. Bioluminescence is common among marine animals, so counterillumination may be widespread, though light has other functions, including attracting prey and signalling. Color change permits camouflage against different backgrounds. Many cephalopods including octopuses, cuttlefish, and squids, and some terrestrial amphibians and reptiles including chameleons and anoles can rapidly change color and pattern, though the major reasons for this include signalling, not
Aircraft camouflage aircraft nearly invisible from most angles, however the sun reflecting off it defeated it even before its lack of durability did. When the Germans fielded the Albatros D.III sesquiplane, its similarity from a distance caused them to be confused for Nieuports, both of which used the same combination of colours to match the terrain they were operating over. Additionally, the Nieuports lacked overwing roundels and the German crosses were not always easy to identify. The solution the Germans came up with was to replace the red-brown with purple, which from a distance still worked well as a camouflage colour, but