Patella aspera Patella aspera Patella aspera is a species of limpet, a type of sea snail in the family Patellidae. Long considered to be a subspecies of "Patella ulyssiponensis", genetic evidence supports its recognition as a separate species. It is native to Macaronesia. It is known by the common name Azorean limpet, and its local name is "lapa brava". This species lives on rocks in the shallow sublittoral and intertidal zones. It is a keystone species which is of ecological importance as a grazer. It is collected for food. Overharvest is the main threat to the species, which has faced population declines
Traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body were successfully making quasi-empirical preparations of active substances with androgens and estrogens, a technique that modern biochemists did not develop until the early 20th century. The physician William C. Cooper and the sinologist Nathan Sivin (1973) chose what the Chinese call "rényào" 人藥 "human drugs" as a pilot experiment sample for pharmacologically analyzing the efficacy of drugs used in TCM. In contrast to many traditional Chinese plant, animal, and mineral pharmaceuticals with uncertain active constituents, the chemical composition of the human body and parts is well known, and "their therapeutic effectiveness, or lack of it, can be objectively, if approximately,