Braille pattern dots-15 Braille pattern dots-15 The Braille pattern dots-15 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top left and middle right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top left and right upper-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2811, and in Braille ASCII with E. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-15 is used to represent unrounded, near-mid, front vowels, such as /e/ or /ɛ/. It is also used for the number 5. Related to Braille pattern dots-15 are Braille patterns 157, 158, and 1578, which are used in 8-dot braille systems,
American Morse code a type of distortion called dispersion that gets progressively worse with the length of the cable. Dispersion severely limits the rate that Morse can be sent because of intersymbol interference. For instance, the first transatlantic telegraph cable of 1858 could only sustain a transmission rate of less than 1 word per minute. This interference is worse with American Morse because it has a greater proportion of closely spaced dots than the Gerke code. The Gerke code was adopted as a standard for transmission over cables by the Austro-German Telegraph Union (which included many central European states) at a conference in