Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz (sometimes spelled Schwartz), also known as Berthold the Black and "der Schwartzer", was a legendary German (or in some accounts Danish or Greek) alchemist of the late 14th century, credited with the invention of gunpowder by 15th- through 19th-century European literature. The purported period of Schwarz' activity (late 14th century) thus falls between the first reports of gunpowder in Europe (late 13th century) and the development of effective applications in artillery (mid 15th century). It is unclear whether Schwarz is a historical person. It has been suggested that he was a historical alchemist who had developed
Dieter Schwarz Dieter Schwarz Dieter Schwarz (born 24 September 1939) is a German entrepreneur and owner of the Schwarz-Gruppe. He is the chairman and CEO of the supermarket chain Lidl and the hypermarket chain Kaufland. As of January 2018, Schwarz had a net worth of $20.9 billion, making him the 52nd richest person in the world. After the death of his father Josef Schwarz in 1977, he took control of the "Schwarz & Lidl" discount chain. Soon afterwards, he bought the naming rights from an unrelated person Ludwig Lidl, who was a former schoolteacher, in order to side-step a legal battle with