Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz (sometimes spelled Schwartz), also known as Berthold the Black and "der Schwartzer", was a legendary German (or in some accounts Danish or Greek) alchemist of the late 14th century, credited with the invention of gunpowder by 15th- through 19th-century European literature. The purported period of Schwarz' activity (late 14th century) thus falls between the first reports of gunpowder in Europe (late 13th century) and the development of effective applications in artillery (mid 15th century). It is unclear whether Schwarz is a historical person. It has been suggested that he was a historical alchemist who had developed
Vera Schwarz mostly on concert appearances (including concerts at the Los Angeles German-Jewish club), and teaching in New York, and in Hollywood. Here she coached the American Sopranos Rise Stevens, Vera Schwarz returned to Vienna in 1948, teaching and giving masterclasses in the Salzburg Mozarteum. She died in Vienna in 1964, and is buried at the Urnenhain der (Abt. MH, Nr. 359). In 2011, a street in Vienna's 23rd district was named "Vera-Schwarz-Gasse" in her honour. Vera Schwarz Vera Schwarz (10 July 1888 - 4 December 1964) was an Austrian Soprano, known primarily for her operetta partnership with Richard Tauber. Vera Schwarz