Cologne City Hall and 1096 were followed by the formation of a "commune" and first municipal structures as a basis for urban autonomy. In order to consolidate their economic and political rights, Cologne burghers established fraternities and trade guilds (most notably the "Richerzeche"). In the 1106 war of succession between Emperor Henry V and his father Emperor Henry IV, they took deliberate opposition to the archbishop, after which they gained benefit in regards to the city's territorial expansion over the following years. As – at the time – one of Europe's busiests trading ports and largest city in Germany, the population of Cologne
History of the Jews in Cologne and its rabbi. The first Cologne rabbi was The synagogues of the community had the following cantors: All of them contributed to the enrichment of synagogue music. The rectors of the community school were Cologne Jews, involved in the larger Jewish community were The most important Jewish names in the economic life of the city during the nineteenth century were Jews involved in politics were Jews involved in the arts were During the 1930s Cologne had many Jewish lawyers (125 at number) and doctors. The Judengasse, near the Rathaus, reminds of the former Jewish quarter. During French annexion of Cologne,