Great Michigan Fire Great Michigan Fire The Great Michigan Fire was a series of simultaneous forest fires in the state of Michigan in the United States in 1871. They were possibly caused (or at least reinforced) by the same winds that fanned the Great Chicago Fire; some believe lightning or even meteor showers may have started the fires. Several cities, towns and villages, including Alpena, Holland, Manistee, and Port Huron, suffered serious damage or were lost. The concurrent Great Peshtigo Fire in Wisconsin also destroyed several towns in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. In 1881, much more than half of "the Thumb" region
Treaty of London (1871) Treaty of London (1871) Treaty of London (1871) - international treaty signed on 13 March 1871 by Prussia, Austria, Turkey, Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy. Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire Alexander Gorchakov on October 31, 1870 denounced the Black Sea clauses of the Treaty of Paris (1856). It violated art. XIV of the Treaty "It cannot be either annulled or modified without the assent of the Powers signing the present Treaty." In the London Protocol of January 17, 1871, it was said that the representatives of Prussia, Austro-Hungary, Great Britain, Italy, Russia and Turkey, having met in a