Caduceus as a symbol of medicine worth noting that hospital stewards were not physicians; they played a supporting role preparing drugs for surgeons, supervising nurses and cooks, maintaining accounting and medical records, and in emergencies sometimes performed minor surgery or provided prescriptions. Later, in 1871, the Surgeon General designated the caduceus as the seal of the Marine Hospital Service (destined to become the U.S. Public Health Service in 1912). Gershen states that the change was for aesthetic reasons, whereas Friedlander states the caduceus was adopted by the Marine Hospital Service "because of its relationship with merchant seamen and the maritime industry". The caduceus was formally adopted
Two Women with a Candle Two Women with a Candle Two Women with a Candle or Old Woman and Young Woman with a Candle is a 1616-1617 painting by Peter Paul Rubens, now in the Mauritshuis, The Hague, Netherlands. Its chiaroscuro shows strong influence from Caravaggio, whose work Rubens had seen during a stay in Rome. It remained in the artist's possession until his death 1640 and it may then have passed to his brother-in-law Arnold Lundens. A painting owned by one Muhlmann in Riga in 1646 may also be identified with this painting. By 1801 the work had entered the collection of George Rogers,