Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome (BOFS) is a disease that arises from a mutation in the TFAP2A gene. It is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that starts to affect a child's development before birth. Symptoms of this condition include skin abnormalities on the neck, deformities of the ears and eyes, and other distinctive facial features such a cleft lip along with slow growth, mental retardation and premature graying of hair. "Branchio" refers to the branchial arches, also known as the pharyngeal arches, of the affected individual. The branchial arches are structures in the developing embryo that give rise to certain tissues
Facial feminization surgery face into a female face; he pioneered most of the procedures involved in FFS and was involved in their subsequent improvements as well. As of 2006, there were about twelve surgeons globally who specialized in FFS. In the US as of 2006, the procedure cost between $20,000 and $40,000, about twice the cost of sexual reassignment surgery. In Europe prices are considerably lower. As of 2017 between €10.000 and €25.000 for a complete FFS. Facial feminization surgery Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is a set of cosmetic surgical procedures that alter typically male facial features to bring them closer in shape