Pacific Ocean closed loop of the andesite line are most of the deep troughs, submerged volcanic mountains, and oceanic volcanic islands that characterize the Pacific basin. Here basaltic lavas gently flow out of rifts to build huge dome-shaped volcanic mountains whose eroded summits form island arcs, chains, and clusters. Outside the andesite line, volcanism is of the explosive type, and the Pacific Ring of Fire is the world's foremost belt of explosive volcanism. The Ring of Fire is named after the several hundred active volcanoes that sit above the various subduction zones. The Pacific Ocean is the only ocean which is almost
Ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean is thought that because of this, additional stressors such as ocean acidification, will cause ocean acidification effects on marine organisms to appear first in the Arctic. There exists a significant variation in the sensitivity of marine organisms to increased ocean acidification. Calcifying organisms generally exhibit larger negative responses from ocean acidification than non‐calcifying organisms across numerous response variables, with the exception of crustaceans, which calcify but were not negatively affected. The acidification of the Arctic ocean will impact these marine calcifiers in several different ways. The uptake of CO₂ by seawater increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, which lowers pH