Masonry oven these primitive-looking ovens were still being produced in Barnstaple potteries as late as 1890". A cloche or cooking bell is like an upside-down, fired ceramic bowl with a handle on top. It is heated in the fire along with a flat rock or open spot on the hearth. The prepared dough is placed on the hot rock or hearth floor, and then covered with the cloche, and perhaps hot coals or ashes for additional heat. The method goes back to ancient Egypt and Greece, and was probably the first form of masonry oven. It is possible to get some of
Nanophase ceramic separation are used to create nanophase ceramics. Synthesizing nanophase ceramics from atomic or molecular precursors are desired more because a greater control over microscopic aspects of the nanophase ceramic can occur. Gas condensation is one way nanophase ceramics are produced. First, precursor ceramics are evaporated from sources within a gas-condensation chamber. Then the ceramics are condensed in a gas (dependent on the material being synthesized) and transported via convection to a liquid-nitrogen filled cold finger. Next, the ceramic powders are scraped off the cold finger and collect in a funnel below the cold finger. The ceramic powders then become consolidated