Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz Berthold Schwarz (sometimes spelled Schwartz), also known as Berthold the Black and "der Schwartzer", was a legendary German (or in some accounts Danish or Greek) alchemist of the late 14th century, credited with the invention of gunpowder by 15th- through 19th-century European literature. The purported period of Schwarz' activity (late 14th century) thus falls between the first reports of gunpowder in Europe (late 13th century) and the development of effective applications in artillery (mid 15th century). It is unclear whether Schwarz is a historical person. It has been suggested that he was a historical alchemist who had developed
Rohde & Schwarz in Germany, including the around 2,000 employees at the Munich headquarters. Worldwide the company has a total of around 11,500 employees in over 70 countries. It is family-owned and self-financing. Exports account for around 90 percent of revenues. The company invests around 16 percent of its annual net revenue into research and development. Central R&D is located at company headquarters in Munich, Germany. Most products are manufactured in the Rohde & Schwarz plants in Memmingen (in Bavaria, Germany), Teisnach (in Bavaria, Germany) and Vimperk (Czech Republic). In 2005, Rohde & Schwarz acquired Hameg Instruments GmbH, a German test and measurement