Pleistocene Pleistocene The Pleistocene (, often colloquially referred to as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch which lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the world's most recent period of repeated glaciations. The end of the Pleistocene corresponds with the end of the last glacial period and also with the end of the Paleolithic age used in archaeology. The Pleistocene is the first epoch of the Quaternary Period or sixth epoch of the Cenozoic Era. In the ICS timescale, the Pleistocene is divided into four stages or ages, the Gelasian, Calabrian, Middle Pleistocene (unofficially the 'Chibanian') and Upper
Historiography on Carlism during the Francoist era (2012) and Olábarri (2014). Appallingly relevant remains a note by Bullón de Mendoza (2013). The same question – related to partiality and bias – is tackled head on and specifically with regard to Carlism by Martínez (2002). Some proposals for future research were formulated - and partially met - 30 years ago by Blinkhorn (1986) and more recently, by Caspistegui (2008). Historiography on Carlism during the Francoist era During 40 years of post-Francoist Spain there have been some 200 works published on Carlist history during the Franco regime (1939 to 1975; the Civil War period is not discussed here); there