Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold The Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold (, ""Black, Red, Gold Banner of the Reich"") was an organization in Germany during the Weimar Republic, formed by members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, the German Centre Party, and the (liberal) German Democratic Party in 1924. Its goal was to defend parliamentary democracy against internal subversion and extremism from the left and right, to teach the population to respect the new Republic, to honor its flag and the constitution. Its name is derived from the Flag of Germany adopted in 1919, the colors of which were associated with liberal parliamentary democracy and
Peter Carl Ludwig Schwarz warbler bird that breeds in Siberia and winters in southeast Asia, bears a scientific name (Phylloscopus schwarzi) that commemorates Schwarz. The bird was described in 1863 by naturalist and fellow explorer Gustav Radde who served in the East Siberian Expedition of 1855 led by Schwarz. His publications include: German: English: German: English: Russian: Peter Carl Ludwig Schwarz Peter Carl Ludwig Schwarz (Julian, O.S.: 23 May 1822, Danzig-Gdańsk – 17 September 1894; Gregorian, N.S.: 4 June 1822 - 29 September 1894, St. George's?; Buried: Tartu) (referred to mostly as Ludwig Schwarz), was a Baltic German astronomer of Imperial Russia, explorer, and