Innenstadt, Cologne of Cologne Stadtbahn tram and U-Bahn stations. The Cologne Ring (Kölner Ringe) is a city boulevard, encircling the old town of Cologne. It is part of Bundesstraße 55 and picks up several principal arterial roads, which lead into adjacent city districts. Innenstadt, Cologne Innenstadt () is the central city district ("Stadtbezirk") of the City of Cologne in Germany. The district was established with the last communal land reform in 1975, and comprises Cologne's historic old town (Altstadt), the Gründerzeit era new town (Neustadt) plus the right-Rhenish district of Deutz. Innenstadt has about 127,000 inhabitants (as of December 2008) and covers
Cologne War 1288. After that, the archbishop and Prince-elector used the smaller cities of Bonn, south of Cologne, and Brühl, south of Cologne, on the Rhine River, as his capital and residence; by 1580, both his residence and the capital were located in Bonn. Although the city of Cologne obtained its status as a free imperial city in 1478, the Archbishop of Cologne retained judicial rights in the city; he acted as a Vogt, or reeve, and reserved the right of blood justice, or "Blutgericht"; only he could impose the so-called blood punishments, which included capital punishments, but also physical punishments that