Etymology of Wicca latter would adopt it by the 21st century. This was part of a phenomenon that took place during the 1970s and 1980s, as the term "Wicca" became increasingly associated purely with Gardnerianism and Alexandrianism (together known as British Traditional Wicca in North America), rather than with other variants of Pagan Witchcraft. This was encouraged by elements within the Gardnerian and Alexandrian communities who wished to emphasise what they perceived as their special position within the Pagan community. The word "Wicca" first appeared in a book title in 1981 as "Wicca: The Ancient Way"; written by Janus-Mithras, Nuit-Hilaria and Mer-Amun and
Wicca forms of the religion must not use it. From the late 1980s onwards various books propagating Wicca were published that again used the former, broader definition of the word. Thus, by the 1980s, there were two competing definitions of the word "Wicca" in use among the Pagan and esoteric communities, one broad and inclusive, the other smaller and exclusionary. Although there are exceptions, among scholars of Pagan studies it is the older, inclusive use of the term which has gained wider usage. Conversely, in various forms of popular culture, such as television programs "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and "Charmed", the