Regnal years of English monarchs Britain), from 1066 to the present day. These are official "de jure" dates, and may or may not coincide with whether a particular king had "de facto" power or not at that time. For example, as the Commonwealth era was suppressed in the official record, the regnal years of Charles II are measured from 30 January 1649 (the day his father Charles I was executed); as a result, when Charles II actually became king, on 29 May 1660, he was already in his 12th regnal year. (For the "de facto" tabulation of English rulers, see any conventional list of English
Monarch the peerage of France). The table below lists titles in approximate order of precedence. According to protocol any holder of a title indicating sovereignty took precedence over any non-sovereign titleholder. When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to the right of the slash. It is not uncommon that people who are not generally seen as monarchs nevertheless use monarchical titles. There are at least five cases of this: Monarch A monarch is a sovereign head of state in a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in