Manchester Arndale a shopping centre, it never recovered. Stocks argues that these factors lay behind the Greater Manchester County Council's (GMC) strategic view that the county had too much retail capacity. From 1977 onwards the GMC consistently opposed further development, and would not support any before 1986. Trade increased in the early 1980s, though GMC policy against development and for retaining the relative importance of the retail centres remained. By the mid-1980s, the trend in retailing had moved from city-centres to out-of-town. The opening of Meadowhall Centre in 1990 added to the retail impact in the Sheffield city centre. The GMC was
English Landing Park present-day Parkville. The park includes the historic Waddell "A" Truss Bridge, built 1898, subject of a patent, which spanned Linn Branch Creek. During the Great Flood of 1993, the park and most of Downtown Parkville were submerged under more than 15 feet of water when the Missouri River overflowed its banks. In Kansas City, the Missouri River crested at 48.9 feet, nearly 7 feet above the flood stage of 32 feet. On May 4, 2003, English Landing Park narrowly missed the wrath of an EF1 tornado that came across the river behind the fuel storage tanks and cut a swath