River Thames reign was the completion of the multi-piered London Bridge, which acted as a barricade and barrage on the river, affecting the tidal flow upstream and increasing the likelihood of the river freezing over. In Tudor and Stuart times, various kings and queens built magnificent riverside palaces at Hampton Court, Kew, Richmond on Thames, Whitehall and Greenwich. As early as the 1300s, the Thames was used to dispose of waste matter produced in the city of London, thus turning the river into an open sewer. In 1357, Edward III described the state of the river in a proclamation: "... dung and
Newbridge, River Thames used to build a new bridge upriver, believing that this is the only long-term option available. The idea of a new bridge is opposed by local residents of Standlake who would prefer to see the existing bridge remain open for light traffic only. The bridge has national recognition and statutory protection from alteration. The northern span is listed at maximal Grade I whereas the southern at Grade II*, the second-highest of the three grades of listing, designating "particularly important buildings of more than special interest". Newbridge, River Thames New Bridge is a 13th-century bridge carrying the A415 road over the