Jaw abnormality sagittally divides the face into five equal parts: It is insufficient to derive at a diagnosis of jaw deformity solely based on the clinical examination. Hence, additional information is gathered from diagnostic tests, which may include dental model analyses and radiographic imaging studies. Mandibular micrognathia is the condition when lower jaw is smaller than normal. Failure of the ramus to develop will give rise to micrognathia.<ref name="Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone"></ref> Micrognathia can be classified as either congenital or acquired. Clinical appearance of some patients with congenital type of mandibular micrognathia can have a severe retrusion of the chin but by actual measurements,
Phossy jaw and are used widely for treating osteoporosis, bone disease in cancer and some other conditions. BON, sometimes called "bis-phossy jaw", is primarily associated with the use of intravenous bisphosphonates in the treatment of cancer. The percentage incidence of BON from this use is approximately 1000 times higher than the incidence of BON caused by the use of oral bisphosphonates. Phossy jaw Phossy jaw, formally known as phosphorus necrosis of the jaw, was an occupational disease affecting those who worked with white phosphorus (also known as "yellow phosphorus)" without proper safeguards. It was most commonly seen in workers in the matchstick