Regnal years of English monarchs Britain), from 1066 to the present day. These are official "de jure" dates, and may or may not coincide with whether a particular king had "de facto" power or not at that time. For example, as the Commonwealth era was suppressed in the official record, the regnal years of Charles II are measured from 30 January 1649 (the day his father Charles I was executed); as a result, when Charles II actually became king, on 29 May 1660, he was already in his 12th regnal year. (For the "de facto" tabulation of English rulers, see any conventional list of English
Pied monarch Pied monarch The pied monarch ("Arses kaupi") is a species of bird in the monarch-flycatcher family Monarchidae. It is endemic to coastal Queensland in Australia. The pied monarch was described by John Gould in 1851, who deliberated on placing it in a genus by itself on account of its feet and eye ring. The nest and eggs were undescribed until collected by Robert Hislop on 3 December 1894 near Bloomfield River. The pied monarch is closely related to and forms a superspecies with the two other species of monarch flycatcher in the genus "Arses". Two subspecies are recognised, however they