Pandemic (board game) Pandemic (board game) Pandemic is a cooperative board game designed by Matt Leacock and published by Z-Man Games in 2008. "Pandemic" is based on the premise that four diseases have broken out in the world, each threatening to wipe out a region. The game accommodates 2 to 4 players, each playing one of five possible specialists: dispatcher, medic, scientist, researcher, or operations expert. The game is unlike most board games in that the gameplay is based on cooperation rather than on competitiveness. Through the combined effort of all the players, the goal is to discover all four cures before any
Freeze brand These two experiments determined that the hot-iron branded calves experienced increased plasma epinephrine concentration, heart rate, plasma cortisol, and escape-avoidance reactions and therefore experienced more pain than the freeze branded and sham branded calves. Freeze brands are used in a number of ways. For example, they are used as an indicator that an animal belongs to a herd, which are all marked with the same brand, and as a way to tag animals that will later be recaptured for research. It is typically used on cattle, horses, and dogs. Horses are branded using both hot-iron and freeze branding. Horses are