English Revolution ten-year period of bourgeois republican government, the "Commonwealth", before monarchy was restored in the shape of Charles' son, Charles II, in 1660. In The Glorious Revolution of 1688, James II was replaced by William III and Mary II as monarch and a constitutional monarchy was established and was described by Whig historians as the English Revolution. This interpretation suggests that the "English Revolution" was the final act in the long process of reform and consolidation by Parliament to achieve a balanced constitutional monarchy in Britain, and laws were made that pointed towards freedom. The Marxist view of the English Revolution
Monarch (1800 ship) Monarch (1800 ship) Monarch was built at Quebec in 1800. She sailed to England where under new ownership she proceeded to make five voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) as an "extra ship", that is, under charter. In 1813 she became a transport, and then in 1818 or so a regular merchantman. She was broken up in 1820. "Monarch" first appears in "Lloyd's Register" for 1801 with Mortimer, master, and P.Mestaer, owner. Her trade was London–India. The EIC had Mestaers measure "Monarch". It then chartered her on 25 March 1801 for one voyage to at a rate of