Spinone Italiano conducted a breed health survey which found the average life expectancy of Italian Spinone to be 8.7 years. The breed is believed to have been developed in the Piedmont region of Italy. As the Spinone is a very ancient breed (it is believed to be one of the oldest gun dogs in existence), it is not known exactly what the origins of the breed are; there are many different theories. Some of these claim that the Spinone could have originated in Italy, France, Spain, Russia, Greece, or Celtic Ireland. Some people familiar with the history of the breed claim that
Rational animal in the Arbor Porphyriana, man is a substance, corporeal, living, sentient, and rational". In Meditation II of "Meditations on First Philosophy", Descartes arrives at his famous "I think, I exist" claim. He then goes on to wonder "What am I?" He considers and rejects the scholastic concept of the "rational animal": Shall I say 'a rational animal'? No; for then I should have to inquire what an animal is, what rationality is, and in this one question would lead me down the slope to other harder ones. Freud was as aware as any of the irrational forces at work in