Flag of Galicia and Lodomeria consisting of two horizontal stripes: red and white. The colours of the new Galician flag, which remained in use until the dissolution of this kingdom in 1918, had resembled the white and red Polish flag adopted in 1831 by the Polish Parliament. Miller claims that the flag of Galicia consisted of the two stripes: amaranth and white, but the official Austro-Hungarian publication "Wappenrolle" (1898) clearly features the flag of Galicia in red and white. In "Wappenrolle" there is a picture of an amaranth and white flag, used unofficially, and described as "the national colours of the Poles" ("Nationalfarben der Polen)",
National colours of Italy the revolution begun in Bologna to oust the foreign occupying forces. This tricolore was considered a symbol of redemption that from its creation was "consecrated to immortality of the triumph of faith, virtue, and sacrifice" of those who created it. Napoleon Bonaparte, in a letter from Milan to an executive director on 11 October 1796, stated that the Legione Lombarda had chosen these colours as the national colours. In a solemn ceremony at the Piazza del Duomo on 16 November 1796, a military flag was presented to the Legione Lombarda, which would become a unit in the Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802)