English Revolution ten-year period of bourgeois republican government, the "Commonwealth", before monarchy was restored in the shape of Charles' son, Charles II, in 1660. In The Glorious Revolution of 1688, James II was replaced by William III and Mary II as monarch and a constitutional monarchy was established and was described by Whig historians as the English Revolution. This interpretation suggests that the "English Revolution" was the final act in the long process of reform and consolidation by Parliament to achieve a balanced constitutional monarchy in Britain, and laws were made that pointed towards freedom. The Marxist view of the English Revolution
Monarch the peerage of France). The table below lists titles in approximate order of precedence. According to protocol any holder of a title indicating sovereignty took precedence over any non-sovereign titleholder. When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to the right of the slash. It is not uncommon that people who are not generally seen as monarchs nevertheless use monarchical titles. There are at least five cases of this: Monarch A monarch is a sovereign head of state in a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in