Interregnum (1649–1660) Interregnum (1649–1660) The "interregnum" in England, Scotland, and Ireland started with the execution of Charles I in January 1649 (September 1651 in Scotland) and ended in May 1660 when his son Charles II was restored to the thrones of the three realms, although he had been already acclaimed king in Scotland since 1650. The precise start and end of the interregnum, as well as the social and political events that occurred during the interregnum, varied in the three kingdoms and the English dominions. After the Second English Civil War the leadership of the New Model Army felt deeply betrayed by
Monarch the peerage of France). The table below lists titles in approximate order of precedence. According to protocol any holder of a title indicating sovereignty took precedence over any non-sovereign titleholder. When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to the right of the slash. It is not uncommon that people who are not generally seen as monarchs nevertheless use monarchical titles. There are at least five cases of this: Monarch A monarch is a sovereign head of state in a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in