Interregnum (1649–1660) Interregnum (1649–1660) The "interregnum" in England, Scotland, and Ireland started with the execution of Charles I in January 1649 (September 1651 in Scotland) and ended in May 1660 when his son Charles II was restored to the thrones of the three realms, although he had been already acclaimed king in Scotland since 1650. The precise start and end of the interregnum, as well as the social and political events that occurred during the interregnum, varied in the three kingdoms and the English dominions. After the Second English Civil War the leadership of the New Model Army felt deeply betrayed by
SMS Monarch protected by of armor. The casemates had thick sides while the conning tower had of armor. "Monarch"s deck armor was thick. The "Monarch"-class ships were ordered in May 1892, with "Monarch" to be built at the Pola Naval Arsenal ("Seearsenal"). The ship was laid down on 31 July 1893, and she was launched on 9 May 1895 by Archduchess Maria Theresa, wife of Archduke Karl Ludwig. She was commissioned on 11 May 1898. "Monarch" and her sisters formed the Navy's 1st Capital Ship Division ("I. Schwere Division") in 1899, and the division made a training cruise to the Eastern Mediterranean