Karelian alphabet are from the ISO basic Latin alphabet, five are derived from basic Latin letters by the addition of diacritical marks, and the final character is the apostrophe, which signifies palatalization of the preceding sound. The entire range of sounds of native Karelian words is intended to be represented by this set of characters. This unified alphabet was approved in 2007 as a replacement for the separate Olonets Karelian and Karelian Proper alphabets. The letters Ä and Ö are vowels which, unlike the German umlauts, are considered to be distinct and are alphabetized separately from the corresponding vowels without the umlauts.
Old English Latin alphabet 12th to 13th centuries. Additionally, modern manuscripts often distinguish between a velar and palatal and with diacritic dots above the putative palatals: , (cf. the Maltese alphabet). The "wynn" symbol is usually replaced by . Many scholarly works use only and not (the sounds were allophones in Old English and the symbols were used somewhat interchangeably). Macrons are usually found in modern editions to indicate putative long vowels, while they are usually lacking in the originals. In older printed editions of Old English works, an acute accent mark was used to maintain cohesion between Old English and Old Norse printing.