World Health Organization contain the last European outbreak in Yugoslavia in 1972. After over two decades of fighting smallpox, the WHO declared in 1979 that the disease had been eradicated – the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort. Also in 1967, the WHO launched the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases and the World Health Assembly voted to enact a resolution on Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, with a focus on community-driven care. In 1974, the Expanded Programme on Immunization and the control programme of onchocerciasis was started, an important partnership between the Food and Agriculture Organization
Human disease modifier gene and shifting from clinical reliance on epidemiological data to patient-specific genetic and biological data. Ultimately, developing therapeutics for human disease informed by an understanding of its molecular mechanisms is challenging. In the case where multi-gene interactions give rise to disease, a series of thorough methodological steps must be taken to determine these mechanisms. For the common case in which a major locus is causally associated with disease, but there exists considerable, unexplained phenotypic variation, this process of discovery typically begins with establishing heritability of the disease phenotype, and the reasonable likelihood that modifier genes contribute to the observed phenotypic variation.