Urawa Red Diamonds and fixtures between them were known as "Marunouchi derbies", although the term is falling out of use as they are now based in different prefectures and rarely play home games in Tokyo stadiums. Rivals further afield include Kashima Antlers, F.C. Tokyo, Yokohama Marinos, Kawasaki Frontale, and, even farther away, Gamba Osaka. Old JSL championship rivalries with Sanfrecce Hiroshima, Cerezo Osaka and Shonan Bellmare have ebbed down as those clubs had nadirs in the second tier. The club also has women's and amateur teams. Mitsubishi (Amateur era) Urawa Red Diamonds (Professional era) See "Individual Award Winners (Urawa Red Diamonds)" "As of
Shape numbers "u, v, w" for the vertices, in a method advanced by J.A. Lester and Rafael Artzy. For example, an equilateral triangle can be expressed by the complex numbers 0, 1, (1 + i √3)/2 representing its vertices. Lester and Artzy call the ratio the shape of triangle ("u, v, w"). Then the shape of the equilateral triangle is For any affine transformation of the complex plane, formula_2 a triangle is transformed but does not change its shape. Hence shape is an invariant of affine geometry. The shape "p" = S("u,v,w") depends on the order of the arguments of function