Ionic order cap is usually enriched with egg-and-dart. Since Vitruvius, a female character has been ascribed to the Ionic (in contrast to the masculine Doric). The major features of the Ionic order are the volutes of its capital, which have been the subject of much theoretical and practical discourse, based on a brief and obscure passage in Vitruvius. The only tools required to design these features were a straight-edge, a right angle, string (to establish half-lengths) and a compass. Below the volutes, the Ionic column may have a wide collar or banding separating the capital from the fluted shaft (as in, for
Doric Greek (shortened to "-s-" in Attic). Initial "w" (ϝ) is preserved in earlier Doric (lost in Attic). Literary texts in Doric and inscriptions from the Hellenistic age have no digamma. For information on the peculiarities of Doric accentuation, see Ancient Greek accent#Dialect variation Numeral "tetores" ~ Attic "tettares", Ionic "tesseres" "four". Ordinal "prātos" ~ Attic–Ionic "prōtos" "first". Demonstrative pronoun "tēnos" "this" ~ Attic–Ionic "(e)keinos" "t" for "h" (from Proto-Indo-European "s") in article and demonstrative pronoun. Third person plural, athematic or root aorist "-n" ~ Attic "-san". First person plural active "-mes" ~ Attic–Ionic "-men". Future "-se-ō" ~ Attic "-s-ō". Modal particle