Karelian alphabet are from the ISO basic Latin alphabet, five are derived from basic Latin letters by the addition of diacritical marks, and the final character is the apostrophe, which signifies palatalization of the preceding sound. The entire range of sounds of native Karelian words is intended to be represented by this set of characters. This unified alphabet was approved in 2007 as a replacement for the separate Olonets Karelian and Karelian Proper alphabets. The letters Ä and Ö are vowels which, unlike the German umlauts, are considered to be distinct and are alphabetized separately from the corresponding vowels without the umlauts.
Avestan alphabet alphabet, with explicit characters for vowels, and allowed for phonetic disambiguation of allophones. The alphabet included many characters ("a", "i", "k", "t", "p", "b", "m", "n", "r", "s", "z", "š", "x") from cursive Pahlavi, while some ("ā", "γ") are characters that only exist in the Psalter Pahlavi variant (in cursive Pahlavi "γ" and "k" have the same symbol). Some of the vowels, such as "ə" appear to derive from Greek minuscules. Avestan "o" is a special form of Pahlavi "l" that exists only in Aramaic signs. Some letters (e.g. "ŋ́", "ṇ", "ẏ", "v"), are free inventions. Avestan script, like Pahlavi