The Turn of the Screw adaptations and reworkings in a variety of media, and these reworkings and adaptations have, themselves, been analysed in the academic literature on Henry James and neo-Victorian culture. It was adapted to an opera by Benjamin Britten, which premiered in 1954, and the opera has been filmed on numerous occasions. The novella was adapted as a ballet score (1980) by Luigi Zaninelli, and separately as a ballet (1999) by Will Tucket for the Royal Ballet. Harold Pinter directed "The Innocents" (1950), a Broadway play which was an adaptation of "The Turn of the Screw", and a subsequent eponymous stage play, adapted
The Others (2001 film) too confident that style can substitute for substance." Although the film deals primarily with the spiritual interaction of ghosts with each other rather than with living humans, William Skidelsky of "The Observer" has suggested that it was inspired by the 1898 novella "The Turn of the Screw" written by Henry James. The Others (2001 film) The Others () is a 2001 horror film. It was written, directed, and scored by Alejandro Amenábar. It stars Nicole Kidman and Fionnula Flanagan. The film is partly based on "The Turn of the Screw" by Henry James. The film won eight Goya Awards, including