Effect of spaceflight on the human body Effect of spaceflight on the human body Venturing into the environment of space can have negative effects on the human body. Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness include muscle atrophy and deterioration of the skeleton (spaceflight osteopenia). Other significant effects include a slowing of cardiovascular system functions, decreased production of red blood cells, balance disorders, eyesight disorders and a weakening of the immune system. Additional symptoms include fluid redistribution (causing the "moon-face" appearance typical in pictures of astronauts experiencing weightlessness), loss of body mass, nasal congestion, sleep disturbance, and excess flatulence. The engineering problems associated with leaving Earth and developing
Subsidiary Body of Scientific and Technological Advice Subsidiary Body of Scientific and Technological Advice The Subsidiary Body of Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) is a subsidiary body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties (COP). It meets at least twice a year to advise the COP on matters of science, technology and methodology. It is designed to be open to participation by all parties and to be multidisciplinary. It advises on guidelines for improving standards of national communications and emission inventories. Its roles defined in Article 9 of the UNFCCC are: (a) Provide assessments of the state of scientific knowledge