Regnal years of English monarchs Britain), from 1066 to the present day. These are official "de jure" dates, and may or may not coincide with whether a particular king had "de facto" power or not at that time. For example, as the Commonwealth era was suppressed in the official record, the regnal years of Charles II are measured from 30 January 1649 (the day his father Charles I was executed); as a result, when Charles II actually became king, on 29 May 1660, he was already in his 12th regnal year. (For the "de facto" tabulation of English rulers, see any conventional list of English
Monarch Airlines in favour of independent tours on seat-only low-cost airlines. During May 1997, Monarch Airlines launched a new scheduled route between Gibraltar and Luton; additional flights to Gibraltar by the company would be established from Birmingham, Gatwick and Manchester. Monarch continued to operate flights on the Gibraltar-Luton route until the firm's collapse. During the late 1990s, a new in-flight service, referred to as Monarch Plus, which included pre-booked seats, free headsets and improved dining options, such as duck breast instead of turkey stroganoff, for an additional £30 per person. During 1998, Monarch Airlines leased a pair of McDonnell Douglas MD-11 wide-body