History of the English line of succession who became James I of England. On the day of James I's death, 27 March 1625, the line of succession to the English throne was: Upon his death, the throne passed smoothly to the first person in line, who became Charles I. When Charles I was beheaded on 30 January 1649 the line of succession to the English and Scottish thrones was: However, the monarchy in England was abolished and Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector. After Cromwell's death, the monarchy was restored in 1660 under Charles I's eldest son, Charles II. On the day of Charles II death, 6 February
English Civil War vicissitudes, until 1827. The wars left England, Scotland, and Ireland among the few countries in Europe without a monarch. In the wake of victory, many of the ideals (and many of the idealists) became sidelined. The republican government of the Commonwealth of England ruled England (and later all of Scotland and Ireland) from 1649 to 1653 and from 1659 to 1660. Between the two periods, and due to in-fighting among various factions in Parliament, Oliver Cromwell ruled over the Protectorate as Lord Protector (effectively a military dictator) until his death in 1658. Upon his death, Oliver Cromwell's son Richard became