Karelian alphabet are from the ISO basic Latin alphabet, five are derived from basic Latin letters by the addition of diacritical marks, and the final character is the apostrophe, which signifies palatalization of the preceding sound. The entire range of sounds of native Karelian words is intended to be represented by this set of characters. This unified alphabet was approved in 2007 as a replacement for the separate Olonets Karelian and Karelian Proper alphabets. The letters Ä and Ö are vowels which, unlike the German umlauts, are considered to be distinct and are alphabetized separately from the corresponding vowels without the umlauts.
Urdu alphabet represent vowels. Urdu doesn't have standalone vowel letters. Short vowels ("a", "i", "u") are represented by optional diacritics ("zabar", "zer", "pesh") upon the preceding consonant or a placeholder consonant ("alif", "ain", or "hamzah") if the syllable begins with the vowel, and long vowels by consonants "alif", "ain", "ye", and "wa'o" as matres lectionis, with disambiguating diacritics, some of which are optional ("zabar", "zer", "pesh"), whereas some are not ("madd", "hamzah"). Urdu does not have short vowels at the end of words. This is a table of Urdu vowels: "Alif" is the first letter of the Urdu alphabet, and it is