The Turn of the Screw adaptations and reworkings in a variety of media, and these reworkings and adaptations have, themselves, been analysed in the academic literature on Henry James and neo-Victorian culture. It was adapted to an opera by Benjamin Britten, which premiered in 1954, and the opera has been filmed on numerous occasions. The novella was adapted as a ballet score (1980) by Luigi Zaninelli, and separately as a ballet (1999) by Will Tucket for the Royal Ballet. Harold Pinter directed "The Innocents" (1950), a Broadway play which was an adaptation of "The Turn of the Screw", and a subsequent eponymous stage play, adapted
The Turn of the Screw Pape. In October 1898 the novella appeared with the short story "Covering End" in a volume titled "The Two Magics", published by Macmillan in New York City and by Heinemann in London. James revised "The Turn of the Screw" ten years later for his "New York Edition". In "The Collier's Weekly Version of The Turn of the Screw" (2010), the tale is presented in its original serial form with a detailed analysis of the changes James made over the years. Among many other revisions, James changed the children's ages. "The Turn of the Screw" has been the subject of numerous