What Is Literature? What Is Literature? What Is Literature? (), also published as "Literature and Existentialism",) is an essay by French philosopher and novelist Jean-Paul Sartre, published by Gallimard in 1948. Initially published in freestanding essays across French literary journals "Les Temps modernes", "Situations I" and "Situations II", essays "What is Writing?" and "Why Write?" were translated into English and published by the Paris-based literary journal Transition 1948. The English translation by Bernard Frechtman was published in 1950. Sartre attempts to devise an understanding of the effect literature has on those who are subjected to it. In the foreword Sartre addresses his critics
Provinces of France Revolution. Capital cities are shown in parentheses. Bold indicates a city that was also the seat of a judicial and quasi-legislative body called either a "parlement" (not to be confused with a parliament) or a "conseil souverain" (sovereign council). In some cases, this body met in a different city from the capital. Areas that were not part of the Kingdom of France, though they are currently parts of Metropolitan France: Partial display of historical provincial arms: Provinces of France The Kingdom of France was organized into provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the department (French: "département") system