Maquis (World War II) of those bands were called "maquisards". Their image was a committed and voluntary fighter, a "combattant", as opposed to the previous "réfractaire" ("unmanageable"). The term became an honorific meaning "armed resistance fighter". The maquis came to symbolize the French Resistance. Most maquisards operated in the remote or mountainous areas of Brittany and southern France, especially in the Alps and in Limousin. They relied on guerrilla tactics to harass the Milice and German occupation troops. The Maquis also aided the escape of downed Allied airmen, Jews and others pursued by the Vichy and German authorities. Maquisards usually relied on some degree
Morocco in World War II was controlled by Spain through a "puppet" government headed by a viceroy and it participated largely in the Spanish Civil War, rather than World War II. Slavery was a large part of life in Morocco, prior to and during the French protectorate and World War II, with many Moroccan households owning slaves. Shantytowns arose near Moroccan cities in the 1930s and these continued to grow during the war. European refugees fleeing to Morocco experienced poverty on their arrival in Morocco, with many refugees in Casablanca sleeping in converted dance halls, in terrible conditions. In terms of education, separate educational institutions