Primary polydipsia Alcoholism may cause physiological thirst since ethanol inhibits vasopressin, the hormone primarily responsible for water retention in osmoregulation. The following conditions should also be excluded: DI, cerebral salt wasting, pseudohyponatraemia caused by hyperlipidemia or hyperparaproteinemia, SIADH, mineralcorticoid deficiency, salt-wasting nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, chronic heart failure and cirrhosis. Tobacco smoking is an often overlooked factor linked to hyponatremia, due to the ADH-releasing effect of nicotine, although this is usually limited to heavy smokers. One study suggested that around 70% of patients with self-induced polydipsia were tobacco smokers. Diagnostic tests for primary polydipsia usually involves the fluid deprivation test to exclude ADH
Wilderness medicine education in the US Extreme Medicine (WEM) Wilderness Medical Institute of NOLS (WMI) Wilderness Medical Associates (WMA) Center for Wilderness Safety (CWS) Wilderness Medicine Outfitters (WMO) Longleaf Wilderness Medicine (LWM) Wilderness Medicine Training Center (WMTC) Stonehearth Open Learning Opportunities (SOLO) American Red Cross (ARC) Canadian Red Cross (CRC) Remote Medical International (RMI) Appalachian Center for Wilderness Medicine (ACWM) Desert Mountain Medicine (DMM) Carolina Wilderness EMS Externship Wilderness MD Aerie Backcountry Medicine Backcounty Pulse Wilderness medicine education in the US Wilderness medicine is defined by difficult patient access, limited equipment, and environmental extremes. Today, wilderness or expedition medicine is practiced by Wilderness First Responders, Wilderness