Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe of "Général d'Armée" Alphonse Juin, French Army. "Holdfast" was a major allied air-ground exercise involving 150,000 British Army of the Rhine, Dutch, Belgian and Canadian troops of NATO's Northern Army Group in coordination with the Allied Air Forces Central Europe. They maneuvered east of the Rhine River in the British Zone under the overall command of Lt. General Sir Richard Nelson Gale, British Army. Finally, "Rosebud" involved ground maneuvers by the U.S. Seventh Army in the American Zone of Occupation of Allied-occupied Germany. The initial plans saw the defence of Western Europe from a Soviet invasion resting heavily on nuclear
Clarence Dunlap to Europe in 1958, Dunlap was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff (Operations) at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE). There he wrote and article for the "European-Atlantic Review" about the role of Europe's radar shield. Dunlap was promoted to air marshal and served as Chief of the Air Staff in 1962. His final service appointment was as the Deputy Commander of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (or NORAD) from 1964 to 1967. He retired from RCAF in 1968. In retirement Dunlap worked on a voluntary basis to support the development of the National Aviation Museum in Ottawa. In 1979