Aurora elders from watching or interpreting the messages of ancestors they believed were transmitted through an aurora. "[[Bulfinch's Mythology]]" relates that in [[Norse mythology]], the armour of the [[Valkyrie|Valkyrior]] "sheds a strange flickering light, which flashes up over the northern skies, making what Men call the 'aurora borealis', or 'Northern Lights' ". There appears to be no evidence in [[Old Norse literature]] to substantiate this assertion. The first Old Norse account of "norðrljós" is found in the Norwegian chronicle "[[Konungs Skuggsjá]]" from AD 1230. The chronicler has heard about this phenomenon from compatriots returning from [[Greenland]], and he gives three possible
Apocephalus borealis Apocephalus borealis Apocephalus borealis is a species of North American parasitoid phorid fly that attacks bumblebees, honey bees, and paper wasps. This parasitoid's genus "Apocephalus" is best known for the "decapitating flies" that attack a variety of ant species, though "A. borealis" attacks and alters the behavior of bees and wasps. These flies are colloquially known as zombie flies and the bees they infect are colloquially known as zombees. Association with honey bees has so far only been documented from California, South Dakota, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia (Vancouver Island), and Vermont. This phorid fly is native to North America, attacking