Primary polydipsia Alcoholism may cause physiological thirst since ethanol inhibits vasopressin, the hormone primarily responsible for water retention in osmoregulation. The following conditions should also be excluded: DI, cerebral salt wasting, pseudohyponatraemia caused by hyperlipidemia or hyperparaproteinemia, SIADH, mineralcorticoid deficiency, salt-wasting nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, chronic heart failure and cirrhosis. Tobacco smoking is an often overlooked factor linked to hyponatremia, due to the ADH-releasing effect of nicotine, although this is usually limited to heavy smokers. One study suggested that around 70% of patients with self-induced polydipsia were tobacco smokers. Diagnostic tests for primary polydipsia usually involves the fluid deprivation test to exclude ADH
Emergency medical services in Russia an agency that trains them as professional drivers. Ambulances are staffed at minimum by a nurse and feldsher. The driver is simply that-a driver with no medical or even specialized driver's training. Class 1 - A non-emergency patient transport vehicle used to shuttle patients between hospitals, clinics, and other medical facilities. Class 2 - A generic emergency ambulance staffed with feldshers trained and operating in Basic Life Support (BLS). Class 3 - Specialty Ambulance. In addition to the basic ambulance teams, various types of specialty units can respond, depending on what advanced patient care is needed. The most common is