Karelian alphabet are from the ISO basic Latin alphabet, five are derived from basic Latin letters by the addition of diacritical marks, and the final character is the apostrophe, which signifies palatalization of the preceding sound. The entire range of sounds of native Karelian words is intended to be represented by this set of characters. This unified alphabet was approved in 2007 as a replacement for the separate Olonets Karelian and Karelian Proper alphabets. The letters Ä and Ö are vowels which, unlike the German umlauts, are considered to be distinct and are alphabetized separately from the corresponding vowels without the umlauts.
Osage alphabet or the links below. The 2006 vowels are as follows: It is not clear which vowel the "ə" is, as it is not phonemic in Osage, but it may appear nasalised (not shown). The "a" comes from Latin (without the crossbar, as in the NΛSΛ logo), "e" from Latin (cursive; the English letter "a" is pronounced rather like Osage "e"). The source for "i" is obscure, though Latin does appear in the diphthong "ai". The 2006 consonants are as follows: The alphabet does not distinguish the ejective, fortis and lenis series of obstruents. The aspirate series are written as sequences