Manchester Arndale a shopping centre, it never recovered. Stocks argues that these factors lay behind the Greater Manchester County Council's (GMC) strategic view that the county had too much retail capacity. From 1977 onwards the GMC consistently opposed further development, and would not support any before 1986. Trade increased in the early 1980s, though GMC policy against development and for retaining the relative importance of the retail centres remained. By the mid-1980s, the trend in retailing had moved from city-centres to out-of-town. The opening of Meadowhall Centre in 1990 added to the retail impact in the Sheffield city centre. The GMC was
City Park, Houston Houston in 2002, said that the City Park project caused the city to prioritize the extension of Orem Drive. The Houston City Council agreed to create a municipal utility district (MUD) designed to reimburse the costs of the utility infrastructure construction. Yager said that the City Park project would have been too expensive to implement if the MUD had not been created. The City of Houston participated in the City Park project to provide jobs, lower housing prices, and encourage the development of retail businesses in the surrounding area. The subdivision, built on former farmland, was intended to provide living