Etymology of Wicca five times in Gerald Gardner's book "The Meaning of Witchcraft" (1959), as well as in other early texts propagating Pagan Witchcraft, such as Doreen Valiente's "Where Witchcraft Lives" (1962) and Justine Glass' "Witchcraft, The Sixth Sense – and Us" (1965). None of these specifically referred to the Pagan Witchcraft religion as "Wicca". The earliest known published reference for the word "Wicca" is within an advertisement published in a 1962 issue of "Fate" magazine; in this, a Cardiff-based group of Pagan Witches advertised a tradition as "Wicca–Dianic and Aradian". The advert may have been linked to Charles and Mary Cardell because
Wicca Wiccans do not claim to know how magic works, merely believing that it does because they have observed it to be so. Some spell it "magick", a variation coined by the influential occultist Aleister Crowley, though this spelling is more commonly associated with Crowley's religion of Thelema than with Wicca. During ritual practices, which are often staged in a sacred circle, Wiccans cast spells or "workings" intended to bring about real changes in the physical world. Common Wiccan spells include those used for healing, for protection, fertility, or to banish negative influences. Many early Wiccans, such as Alex Sanders, Sybil