Napoleon II Napoleon II Napoléon François Charles Joseph Bonaparte (20 March 181122 July 1832), Prince Imperial, King of Rome, known in the Austrian court as Franz from 1814 onward, Duke of Reichstadt from 1818, was the son of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, and his second wife, Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria. By Title III, article 9 of the French Constitution of the time, he was Prince Imperial, but he was also known from birth as the King of Rome, which Napoleon I declared was the courtesy title of the heir apparent. His nickname of L'Aiglon ("the Eaglet") was awarded posthumously
Modern Rome: From Napoleon to the Twenty-First Century Modern Rome: From Napoleon to the Twenty-First Century Modern Rome: From Napoleon to the Twenty-First Century is the first English edition of Italo Insolera’s classical historical urban study "Roma moderna. Da Napoleone I al XXI secolo" published in 2011 as the last of several editions, revisions and updates issued starting from 1962. Insolera locates the birth of “modern” Rome in 1811, when Napoleon I signed what he considers the first modern laws in Rome’s history, and extends his analysis of Rome’s urban development up to 2011. The book covers, among others, the last years of papal government and the subsequent