History of the Italian Republic through a referendum. In April 1945, the Allies of World War II advanced in the Po plain supported by the Italian resistance movement, and defeated the fascist Italian Social Republic, a puppet state instituted by Nazi Germany and headed by Benito Mussolini. Mussolini was killed by resistance fighters in April 1945. Victor Emmanuel formally abdicated on 9 May 1946; his son became king as Umberto II of Italy. A Constitutional Referendum was held on 2 June 1946. Republicans won, and the monarchy was abolished. The Kingdom of Italy was no more. The House of Savoy, the Italian royal family, was
King of the Carnival "Zombies of the Stratosphere", filming period of all Republic serials. The serial's production number was 1800. Republic liked calling their heroes "King" in order to use the title "King of..." The studio had found success with this naming scheme following the adaptation of Zane Grey's "King of the Royal Mounted". Special effects created by the Howard and Theodore Lydecker. "King of the Carnival"'s official release date is 27 June 1955, although this is actually the date the sixth chapter was made available to film exchanges. This was the last new serial released by Republic. However the studio continued with a