Islam in the Ottoman Empire schools). Both the Maturidi and Ash'ari schools of Islamic theology used Ilm al-Kalam (reason) to understand the Quran and the hadith (sayings and actions of Mohammed and the Rashidun) so as to apply Islamic principles to fatwas (Islamic rulings). This is in contrast to the Athari (or literal) school of Islamic theology which takes the Quran and the hadith literally. Kemal Ataturk stated: "Our religion is a rational, plausible religion, which is why it is the last valid religion. Such as regular Islam, followed the 5 pillars of faith: Ottomans often wore little charms, such as necklaces, to protect themselves
School of the Prophets Brigham Young began several schools of the Prophets during his tenure as church president, beginning in 1867 in Salt Lake City, Utah. Initially, it was a forum to discuss church issues among church leaders and selected priesthood holders, under the auspices of the University of Deseret. Later, branches were opened in the larger LDS communities under the direction of local priesthood leaders, and discussion expanded into religion, economics, and civic matters. Branches opened in Provo, Logan, Brigham City, Spanish Fork, Nephi, Ephraim, American Fork, and Ogden. These confidential, invitation-only classes were closed in 1872, before a reorganized School of the