Ittar Abi Ali al Sina, regarded as a noble Doctor who ever lived. He was among the first people to come with the technique of distillation of roses and other plant fragrances. Liquid perfumes used to be a mixture of oil and crushed herbs until his discovery where he first experimented with roses. The traditional Attar-makers also used petals which were ground into a strong blend. His popularity spread over other continents after he created Rosewater which was more delicate than the previous versions. He formulated at least 62 cardiac medicines out of which 40 were made from Attar. They include
Essential oil are a mixture of essential oil, waxes, resins, and other lipophilic (oil-soluble) plant material. Although highly fragrant, concretes contain large quantities of non-fragrant waxes and resins. Often, another solvent, such as ethyl alcohol, is used to extract the fragrant oil from the concrete. The alcohol solution is chilled to for more than 48 hours which causes the waxes and lipids to precipitate out. The precipitates are then filtered out and the ethanol is removed from the remaining solution by evaporation, vacuum purge, or both, leaving behind the "absolute". Supercritical carbon dioxide is used as a solvent in supercritical fluid extraction.