Umberto II of Italy in preparation on the abolition of the monarchy in 1946, Victor Emmanuel abdicated his throne in favour of Umberto in the hope his exit might bolster the monarchy. However, the referendum passed, Italy was declared a republic, and Umberto lived out the rest of his life in exile in Cascais, on the Portuguese Riviera. Umberto was born at the Castle of Racconigi in Piedmont. He was the third child, and the only son, of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and his wife, Elena of Montenegro. As such, he became heir apparent upon his birth, since the Italian throne was
King of the Carnival "Zombies of the Stratosphere", filming period of all Republic serials. The serial's production number was 1800. Republic liked calling their heroes "King" in order to use the title "King of..." The studio had found success with this naming scheme following the adaptation of Zane Grey's "King of the Royal Mounted". Special effects created by the Howard and Theodore Lydecker. "King of the Carnival"'s official release date is 27 June 1955, although this is actually the date the sixth chapter was made available to film exchanges. This was the last new serial released by Republic. However the studio continued with a