Rose oil the aromatics unaltered by heat. Because CO is gas at normal atmospheric pressure, it leaves no trace of itself in the final product. The equipment for CO extraction is expensive, which is reflected in the price of the essential oils obtained from the process. It takes a large amount of rose petals to distill a small amount of essential oil. Depending on extraction method and plant species, the typical yield can be approximately 1:3,000. To mitigate the cost, some dishonest dealers will dilute rose oil with geranium ("Pelargonium graveolens") or palmarosa ("Cymbopogon martinii") essential oils, both of which are rich
Essential oil concentrations. Typical effects begin with a burning feeling, followed by salivation. In the stomach, the effect is carminative, relaxing the gastric sphincter and encouraging eructation (belching). Further down the gut, the effect typically is antispasmodic. Typical ingredients for such applications include eucalyptus oils, menthol, capsaicin, anise, and camphor. Different essential oils may have drastically different pharmacology. Some act as locally anesthetic counterirritants and, thereby, exert an antitussive effect. Some essential oils, such as those of juniper and agathosma, are valued for their diuretic effects. With relatively recent concerns about the overuse of antibacterial agents, many essential oils have seen a