Islam in the Ottoman Empire schools). Both the Maturidi and Ash'ari schools of Islamic theology used Ilm al-Kalam (reason) to understand the Quran and the hadith (sayings and actions of Mohammed and the Rashidun) so as to apply Islamic principles to fatwas (Islamic rulings). This is in contrast to the Athari (or literal) school of Islamic theology which takes the Quran and the hadith literally. Kemal Ataturk stated: "Our religion is a rational, plausible religion, which is why it is the last valid religion. Such as regular Islam, followed the 5 pillars of faith: Ottomans often wore little charms, such as necklaces, to protect themselves
Islam in West Bengal Islam in West Bengal Since the partition of India in 1947, the majority of the Bengali Muslims have lived in Bangladesh. Islam is the minority religion in West Bengal as of 2011. However, Islam is also the second largest and the fastest growing religion in the Indian state of West Bengal. According to 2011 Census of India, West Bengal has over 24.6 million Bengali Muslims, who form 27.1% of the state's population. In West Bengal capital Kolkata Muslim's Population is 926,414 making up 20.6% of the city population as of 2011 census. Bengali Muslims are minority in all districts of