Le Canard enchaîné Free Man") which was forced to close by government censorship and reacted upon its reopening by changing its name to "L'homme enchaîné" ("The Chained-up Man"); "Le Canard enchaîné" means "The chained-up duck", but "canard" (duck) is also French slang for "newspaper"; it was also a reference to French journals published by soldiers during World War I. The weekly was founded in 1915 by and his wife , along with H. P. Gassier. It changed its title briefly after World War I to "Le Canard Déchaîné" ("The duck unbound", or "out of control"), to celebrate the end of military censorship of
Marius Canard was otherwise the almost exclusive reserve of Vladimir Alexeyevich Ivanov (1886–1970). He also made important contributions on the history of Muslim relations with the Byzantine Empire, and along with the Belgian Henri Grégoire (1881–1964) supervised the French edition of Alexander Vasiliev's (1867–1953) monumental "Byzantium and the Arabs" (Византия и арабы). Marius Canard Marius Canard (26 December 1888 in Dracy-Saint-Loup – September 1982 in Paris) was a French Orientalist and historian. He was born in a small village in the region of Morvan, where his father was a school teacher. Canard studied at the "Collège Bonaparte" in Autun and completed his