Ocean acoustic tomography water formation and the gyre circulation. Other applications include the measurement of ocean tides, and the estimation of ocean mesoscale dynamics by combining tomography, satellite altimetry, and in situ data with ocean dynamical models. In addition to the decade-long measurements obtained in the North Pacific, acoustic thermometry has been employed to measure temperature changes of the upper layers of the Arctic Ocean basins, which continues to be an area of active interest. using data from acoustic pulses sent from one end of the earth to the other. Acoustic thermometry is an idea to observe the world's ocean basins, and the
Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory a collection of academic and research units within the university that together address complex environmental issues facing the planet and its inhabitants, with particular focus on advancing scientific research to support sustainable development and the needs of the world's poor. To support its research and the work of the broader scientific community, Lamont–Doherty operates the research vessel, the R/V "Marcus Langseth", which is equipped to undertake a wide range of geological, seismological, oceanographic and biological studies. Lamont–Doherty also houses the world's largest collection of deep-sea and ocean-sediment cores as well as many specialized research laboratories. The Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory at