Islam in the Ottoman Empire schools). Both the Maturidi and Ash'ari schools of Islamic theology used Ilm al-Kalam (reason) to understand the Quran and the hadith (sayings and actions of Mohammed and the Rashidun) so as to apply Islamic principles to fatwas (Islamic rulings). This is in contrast to the Athari (or literal) school of Islamic theology which takes the Quran and the hadith literally. Kemal Ataturk stated: "Our religion is a rational, plausible religion, which is why it is the last valid religion. Such as regular Islam, followed the 5 pillars of faith: Ottomans often wore little charms, such as necklaces, to protect themselves
Islam in Malawi Islam in Malawi Islam is the second largest religion in Malawi after Christianity. Nearly all of Malawi's Muslims adhere to Sunni Islam. Though difficult to assess, according to the CIA Factbook, in 2008 about 12.8% of the country's population was Muslim; such a lower figure is rejected by Muslim organisations in the country, who claim a figure of 30-35% (which is described as "wishful thinking" by Christian missionaries). According to the Malawi Religion Project run by the University of Pennsylvania, in 2010 approximately 26% of the population was Muslim, concentrated mostly in the Southern Region. Islam arrived in Malawi with