Somnology also highly suggested to not take any hypnotics, drink alcohol, or smoke before or during the test. After allowing the patient to lie down on the bed, the time between lying down and falling asleep is measured and used to determine one’s daytime sleepiness. Though somnology does not necessarily mean sleep medicine, somnologists can use behavioral, mechanical, or pharmacological means to correct a sleep disorder. Behavioral treatments tend to be the most prescribed and the most cost-efficient of all treatments; these treatments include exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation therapy, meditation, and improving sleep hygiene. Improving sleep hygiene includes making the
High-altitude adaptation in humans regulatory systems of oxygen respiration and blood circulation, when compared to the general lowland population. This special adaptation is now recognised as an example of natural selection in action. The adaptation account of the Tibetans has become the fastest case of human evolution in the scientific record, as it is estimated to have occurred in less than 3,000 years. Modern humans dispersed from Africa less than 100,000 years ago, and eventually colonized the rest of the world, including the harshest environments of extreme cold and high mountains. The abundance of oxygen in the atmosphere is inversely related to altitude from