Decline of the Byzantine Empire of Constantinople in 1453. The process by which the empire waned, and from when its decline can be traced, is a matter of scholarly debate. In some cases, the entire history of the Byzantine Empire has been portrayed as a protracted period of decline of the Roman Empire. This holds especially for Enlightenment era writers such as Edward Gibbon, author of "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", published in six volumes between 1776 and 1789, whose view was coloured by pro-western or anti-clerical biases, and tended to see the whole ten-century empire as merely a
Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire in "The Politics of Psychoanalysis" (1987). He noted that Freud would not have agreed with Eysenck that psychoanalysis is a matter of "literary art" rather than science. Malcolm Macmillan described Eysenck as one of several authors to have argued that Anna O. suffered from an organic malady in "Freud Evaluated" (1991). He observed these authors provide conflicting accounts of what malady Anna O. suffered from, and argued that establishing any retrospective diagnosis with certainty is difficult. Richard Webster suggested in "Why Freud Was Wrong" (1995) that "Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire" contains many cogent criticisms of Freud. However,