Jim Novy Operation Texas, which Jim Novy helped fund. Jim Novy was one of Lyndon B. Johnson's (LBJ) great benefactors. Novy first met LBJ when LBJ was serving as assistant to Congressman Richard Kleberg. They became close when LBJ served as head of the National Youth Administration at the time Novy needed help placing European refugees; this collaboration between LBJ and Novy is referred to as Operation Texas. Novy and LBJ worked closely on many Jewish issues, particularly when LBJ was a senator in the early days of the state of Israel. In 1962, when LBJ was vice-president under John F. Kennedy,
President of Finland early 21st centuries, the powers of the President have been subject to decrease. In constitution amendments, which came into effect in the years 1991, 2000, and 2012, the President's position has become increasingly symbolic. However, the President still leads the nation's foreign politics in conjunction with the Government, and is the chief-in-command of the Finnish Defence Forces. Officially, the head of state of Finland is the President of the Republic of Finland (; ) or, more often, the President of the Republic (', '). This is in contrast to the former presidents, who retain the title "President". Candidates for president