Black Chasm Cave Black Chasm Cavern are derivative of the marble bedrock, containing primarily calcium or calcium carbonate (CaCO3). There are a variety of formations in Black Chasm Cavern, including stalactites, stalagmites, columns, flowstone, draperies, ribbons, angel's wings, cave bacon, soda straws, helictites, false floors, and others. Black Chasm Cavern is home to amphipods, which live in the lakes of the cave. The amphipods are adapted to life without light, having no pigmentation or eyesight. Also living within the cave, and adapted to total darkness, is the Banksula grubbsi arachnid. Related to the harvestman, the Banksula grubbsi has a multi-segmented body that appears
Calcium cycle layers of shell which over time cement to form limestone. This is the origin of both marine and terrestrial limestone, formed over long periods of time . The concentration of marine calcium depends on the depth of the ocean, as its solubility is altered with pressure. In deep ocean, roughly 1% more calcium is present when compared to surface concentrations. This is due to the solubility of calcium at higher pressure, thus associating higher concentration with increasing depth. The higher pressure stops calcium carbonate precipitation, whilst simultaneously enabling the dissolution of calcium carbonate sediment such as shells. As a result,