Letter frequency xz. Modern International Morse code (generally believed to have been developed by Alfred Vail based on English-language letter frequencies of the 1830s) encodes the most frequent letters with the shortest symbols; arranging the Morse alphabet into groups of letters that require equal amounts of time to transmit, and then sorting these groups in increasing order, yields e it san hurdm wgvlfbk opxcz jyq. Similar ideas are used in modern data-compression techniques such as Huffman coding. Letter frequency was used by other telegraph systems, such as the Murray Code. Letter frequencies, like word frequencies, tend to vary, both by writer and
Morse code abbreviations only. To station S1 from station S2. Roger (R) Thank you (TU) see you again (CUAGN) Best regards (73) To station S1 from station S2: Signing off. In International Morse code there is no "distinct" dot-dash sequence defined only for the mathematical equal sign [=]; rather the same code ("–···–" or "dah di di di dah") is shared by "double hyphen" [=] and the procedural sign for "section separator" notated as . It is fairly common in the "Recommended International Morse Code" for punctuation codes to be shared with prosigns. For example, the code for plus or cross [+] is