Demographics of Chile helps explain this relative lack of differentiation, which was maintained by the national reach of radio, and now television, which also helps to diffuse and homogenize colloquial expressions. There are several indigenous languages spoken in Chile: Mapudungun, Quechua, Aymara and Rapa Nui. After the Spanish invasion, Spanish took over as the lingua franca and the indigenous languages have become minority languages, with some now extinct or close to extinction. German is spoken to a great extent in southern Chile, either in small countryside pockets or as a second language among the communities of larger cities. Through initiatives such as the
Official Bulletin of the Government Junta Official Bulletin of the Government Junta The Official Bulletin of the Government Junta () was the gazette of the Revolutionary Junta of Iquique, formed in opposition to Chilean President José Manuel Balmaceda. It published official documents of the Junta and its state ministries. Its first issue was published in Iquique on 28 May 1891. Its 5 September 1891 issue was published in Santiago. Its final edition was Number 72, published on 10 November 1891. Its editor was Jorge Huneeus Gana. The "Official Journal of the Republic of Chile" () continued to be published during this period, but only included documents