Irish pirate radio former CBC and CCLR stations along with some from the DJing circuit at the time of the closures of both CBC, CCLR with the introduction of the new Radio Licensing Laws which led to the closure of many pirate radio stations in Ireland. Radio City was the first station to use and switch from the medium wave transmitter to an FM transmitter. Most of the Radio City presenters went to national and local licensed radio stations. Other notable stations that came along were radio caroline cork the longest running pirate station of them all still on corks airwaves to this
Offshore radio BBC a monopoly on broadcasting. Because of rigid governmental controls and programming mostly consisting of serious music and highbrow issues, much of the UK population began to turn to radio stations from abroad, such as Radio Lyon, Radio Normandy, Radio Athlone, Radio Mediterranee and Radio Luxembourg, especially on Sundays, when the BBC did not carry any entertainment programmes. However, English-speaking broadcast hours were limited and parts of the UK were unable to receive most stations properly during the daytime. The earliest attempt to establish an offshore broadcaster in England occurred in 1928, when Associated Newspapers (owners of the "Daily Mail")