Historical rankings of presidents of the United States former director of the University of Maryland's African American Leadership Institute, stated that Presidents ranked by how each one balanced the interests of majority interests and the interests of excluded groups was practical in respect to American debate on racial politics. Presidents have traditionally been ranked on personal qualities and their leadership ability to solve problems that move the nation in a positive direction. Walters stated there was a qualitative difference between white and African American intellectuals in evaluating presidents. In the 1996 "New York Times" poll by Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., 31 white historians and one black historian ranked
Lifespan timeline of Presidents of the Philippines prior to or after the time period in which the persons depicted were the only living presidents). Lifespan timeline of Presidents of the Philippines This is a graphical timeline of the lifespans of Presidents of the Philippines. The presidents are listed in order of office. <div style="overflow:auto"> This is a list of all of the living people who have served as President of the Philippines at each moment in Philippine history. Currently there are five living presidents, including the incumbent, Rodrigo Duterte. <noinclude> There have been several gatherings of all the living presidents. Below are photographs of groups of persons