Islam in the Ottoman Empire schools). Both the Maturidi and Ash'ari schools of Islamic theology used Ilm al-Kalam (reason) to understand the Quran and the hadith (sayings and actions of Mohammed and the Rashidun) so as to apply Islamic principles to fatwas (Islamic rulings). This is in contrast to the Athari (or literal) school of Islamic theology which takes the Quran and the hadith literally. Kemal Ataturk stated: "Our religion is a rational, plausible religion, which is why it is the last valid religion. Such as regular Islam, followed the 5 pillars of faith: Ottomans often wore little charms, such as necklaces, to protect themselves
Islam in South Ossetia Islam in South Ossetia Islam in South Ossetia is presented by migrants who work there, but not by the native Ossetians, unlike in North Ossetia - Alania. Islam started to spread in Ossetia in the 14th and 15th centuries. According to sources, mostly high noble families of Ossetian society received Muslim religion and peasants remained into the Christian faith. “In the 17th and 18th centuries, part of Ossetian people from Digor (under influence of Kabarday) received Islam religion. However, Islam was transpassed by christianity during the reign of the Russian Empire in Ossetia since 1801. In fact, according to Ruslan