European Union agriculture, fisheries and regional development. For travel within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency. The EU and European citizenship were established when the Maastricht Treaty came into force in 1993. The EU traces its origins to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), established, respectively, by the 1951 Treaty of Paris and 1957 Treaty of Rome. The original members of what came to be known
Voting in the Council of the European Union analysis of the distribution of voting power under different voting rules in the EU Council often requires the use of complex computational methods that go beyond a mere calculation of vote share, such as the Shapley-Shubik index or the Banzhaf measure. According to Article 148 of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC Treaty), acts of the Council required for their adoption: The values above are related to the EU-6, the founding member states. The treaty allocated the votes as follows: Under this system, Luxembourg had no voting power for acts proposed by the Commission. Article 148 of the