Palestinian costumes turbans, called "shash". In Hebron, it would be of red and yellow silk, in Nablus red and white cotton. Men in Jaffa wore white and gold turbans, similar to the style in Damascus. A green turban indicated a descendant of Muhammed. From 1880 the Ottoman style of tarboush or fez began to replace the turban amongst the effendi class. The "tarboush" had been preceded by a rounder version with blue tassel which originated from the Magreb. The arrival of the more vertical Young Turk version was emancipating for the Christian communities since it was worn by all civil and military
Muhammad Sharif (Kalifa) Muhammad Sharif (Kalifa) Sayyid Muhammad Sharif (died 1899) was one of the three Kalifas or lieutenants of Muhammad Ahmad (1844–1885), who styled himself the Mahdi, the others being Ali wad Hilu and Abdallahi ibn Muhammad. Muhammad Sharif was the son of Hamid Muhammad, first cousin of the Mahdi. When Muhammed Ahmad died on 22 June 1885, in theory the Kalifas were jointly responsible for ruling the ""Mahdiyah"", as the Mahdist state of Sudan was known. In practice, Abdallahi ibn Muhammad was the effective ruler after dealing with challenges to his authority from members of the Mahdi's family, and became generally