Offshore radio in England in the 1960s as well as the fact the major labels had left little to no airtime to less established acts. The Radio Caroline name was used to broadcast from international waters, using five different ships of three different owners, from 1964 to 1990. Radio Caroline was the brainchild of Ronan O'Rahilly, who dreamed up a way to air music by "unestablished" rock and roll artists Other well-known stations of the period were Radio Atlanta, Radio London, Radio 270 (broadcasting of the coast of Filey, Yorkshire) Radio 390, Radio Scotland, Radio Northsea International and Radio City. Most offshore
Hot 92 (pirate radio station) Hot 92 (pirate radio station) Hot 92 is a pirate radio station in Birmingham, England, which in October 2005, along with another local pirate station and a black interest website, reported rumours that a black girl was raped by a group of Asian men. This allegedly caused riots in the Lozells area of Birmingham, leaving at least one person dead and 35 people injured. In November 2005, Leon Williams, then 26, pleaded guilty to charges related to helping to run an illegal broadcasting station. In January 2008, one of the people associated with the station, Ernest Uriah Griffiths, was convicted