Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire Roman civilisation which under-girded the Empire. According to this school, drawing its basic premise from the Pirenne thesis, the Roman world underwent a gradual (though often violent) series of transformations, morphing into the medieval world. The historians belonging to this school often prefer to speak of Late Antiquity instead of the Fall of the Roman Empire. In "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" (1776–88), Edward Gibbon famously placed the blame on a loss of civic virtue among the Roman citizens. They gradually entrusted the role of defending the Empire to barbarian mercenaries who eventually turned
Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire in "The Politics of Psychoanalysis" (1987). He noted that Freud would not have agreed with Eysenck that psychoanalysis is a matter of "literary art" rather than science. Malcolm Macmillan described Eysenck as one of several authors to have argued that Anna O. suffered from an organic malady in "Freud Evaluated" (1991). He observed these authors provide conflicting accounts of what malady Anna O. suffered from, and argued that establishing any retrospective diagnosis with certainty is difficult. Richard Webster suggested in "Why Freud Was Wrong" (1995) that "Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire" contains many cogent criticisms of Freud. However,