Intelligence Bureau for the East himself, recruits to the Bureau included Franz von Papen, later briefly the Chancellor of the Weimar Republic, Wilhelm Wassmuss (sometimes referred to as the German Lawrence), Gunther von Wesendonck, Ernst Sekunna and others. Oppenheim was replaced in 1915 by Schabinger von Schowingen, and later in 1916 by Eugen Mittwoch, internationally the most respected and prestigious German orientalist (and also a respected Orthodox Jewish scholar), who recruited more liberal and cosmopolitan people for the Nachrichtenstelle such as Friedrich Schrader, his Swiss associate Max Rudolf Kaufmann or the young Nahum Goldmann (later President of the World Jewish Congress). In its initial period,
Day of the German-speaking Community which the two parts of the community belonged before Belgian independence. A decree adopted on 1 October 1990 and published on 15 November 1990 prescribed the arms, the flag, the colours and the Community day, which was to be celebrated on 15 November. Here is an English translation of the original version of the decree: Article 1. The Day of the German-speaking Community shall be celebrated every year on 15 November. Article 2. The German-speaking Community shall bear the following arms: Article 3. The flag of the German-speaking Community shall be hoisted on 15 November on the official buildings of