Intelligence Bureau for the East himself, recruits to the Bureau included Franz von Papen, later briefly the Chancellor of the Weimar Republic, Wilhelm Wassmuss (sometimes referred to as the German Lawrence), Gunther von Wesendonck, Ernst Sekunna and others. Oppenheim was replaced in 1915 by Schabinger von Schowingen, and later in 1916 by Eugen Mittwoch, internationally the most respected and prestigious German orientalist (and also a respected Orthodox Jewish scholar), who recruited more liberal and cosmopolitan people for the Nachrichtenstelle such as Friedrich Schrader, his Swiss associate Max Rudolf Kaufmann or the young Nahum Goldmann (later President of the World Jewish Congress). In its initial period,
Eight-day week a day. Further, they also counted the ending night period, giving rise to periods of time with more nights than days. In Irish, the term "nómad" is used to signify a small number of days and is exactly the length of the nine night week as in "co cend nomaide" - a period of time with nine nights bracketing eight days. The nine nights divided nicely into a sidereal month of 27 nights. In Welsh a similar word "wythnos" meaning "a week" literally means "an eight-night" since it started and ended with a period of night bracketing seven days. Similarly