Rank in Judo first five are colored black, 6th, 7th, and 8th "dan" have alternating red and white panels (dandara), and for 9th, 10th "dan" and above, the belts are solid red. In judo's promotion system as originally finalized by Kanō around 1926 there was no maximal dan rank, and judoka holding 10th dan would normally wear a red belt, but also could wear a white belt, the same color as the lowest kyū rank. However, since the highest dan rank reached in judo for a living person or conferred posthumously remains 10th dan, any judo dan rank higher than 10th dan is
Judo in Canada notably in Japan. It has received relatively little attention in Canada, but Judo research has been conducted by Canadians working in several different disciplines. The most widely cited publications are journal articles and books written by sports scientists. The earliest, "A physiological profile of the Canadian judo team" by A.W. Taylor and L. Brassard, was published in "The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness" in 1981. The similarly titled "Physiological profiles of the Canadian National Judo Team" was published by S.G. Thomas, M.H. Cox, Y.M. LeGal, T.J. Verde, and H.K. Smith in the "Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences" in