Sastrugi breaking equipment—ripples and waves are often undercut and the surface is hard and unforgiving, with constant minor topographic changes between ridge and trough. The words "sastrugi" and "zastrugi" are Russian-language plurals; the singular is "sastruga" or "zastruga". The form "sastruga" started as the German-language transliteration of the Russian word заструга (plural: заструги). A Latin-type analogica singular "sastrugus" is used in various writings on exploration of the South Pole, including Robert Falcon Scott's expedition's diaries and Ernest Shackleton's "The Heart of the Antarctic". Under the action of steady wind, free snow particles accumulate and drift like the sand grains in barchan
Surface wave detection by animals level for surface wave-detecting neuromasts has been minimally investigated. In this regard what research has been done shows considerable variation between species; in A lineatus, these neuromasts are considered the supraorbital line, and are innervated by ramus opthalmicus superficialis. This tract results in collateral fibers that innervate the rostral boundary of the medial octavolateralis nucleus, the area in all teleosts where lateral line organs innervate. These afferents also go to the valvula cerebelli. In one of the few electrophysiology studies performed on "A lineatus", it was found that of all the primary afferents from neuromasts that they recorded, half phase-locked