Johnson South Reef Johnson South Reef Johnson South Reef (; ), also known as Chigua Reef in China, Gạc Ma Reef in Vietnam and Mabini Reef in the Philippines is a reef in the southwest portion of the Union Banks in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea. It is controlled by the People's Republic of China (PRC), but its ownership is disputed by the PRC, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Johnson South Reef lies adjacent to the Vietnamese-controlled Collins Reef (also known as Johnson North Reef) which lies to the northwest. It is naturally above water only at low tide. Prior
Artificial reef material because no toxic substances are released from the decomposition of tires; though there is little information published to back up the claims and the future decomposing of the many different types of rubber tires could create unseen pollution. Tires have fallen out of favor with marine biologists. Tropical storms may demolish the tire containment system, washing tires onto beaches, destroying nearby coral reefs and inhibiting new coral growth. As a result, states such as Florida and the country of France have begun large-scale removal of tire reefs. On the Osborne Reef off the coast of Fort Lauderdale, Florida boaters