Cruella de Vil "102 Dalmatians"), Rachel York (musical), Victoria Smurfit ("Once Upon a Time"), and Wendy Raquel Robinson ("Descendants"). The character became a pop-culture type epitomizing a person who is very, very mean. Cruella ranked 39th on AFI's list "100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains". Cruella's name is a pun of the words "cruel" and "devil", an allusion which is emphasized by having her country house nicknamed "Hell Hall". In some translations, for instance in Polish, Cruella De Vil is known as "Cruella De Mon", a play on "demon". In Italian, she is called "Crudelia De Mon" (a pun on "crudele", cruel, and "demone",
Dog breed in 1873 in imitation of other stud book registries for cattle and horses. Ancient breed of dogs was a term once used for a group of dog breeds by the American Kennel Club, but no longer. These breeds were referred to as "ancient breeds", as opposed to modern breeds because historically it was believed that they had origins dating back over 500 years. In 2004, a study looked at the microsatellites of 414 purebred dogs representing 85 breeds. The study found that dog breeds were so genetically distinct that 99% of individual dogs could be correctly assigned to their breed