Sastrugi breaking equipment—ripples and waves are often undercut and the surface is hard and unforgiving, with constant minor topographic changes between ridge and trough. The words "sastrugi" and "zastrugi" are Russian-language plurals; the singular is "sastruga" or "zastruga". The form "sastruga" started as the German-language transliteration of the Russian word заструга (plural: заструги). A Latin-type analogica singular "sastrugus" is used in various writings on exploration of the South Pole, including Robert Falcon Scott's expedition's diaries and Ernest Shackleton's "The Heart of the Antarctic". Under the action of steady wind, free snow particles accumulate and drift like the sand grains in barchan
Surface-wave-sustained mode surface and decays exponentially with the skin depth. 'Transfer mechanism allows to generate over-dense plasmas with electron densities beyond the critical density. Surface-wave-sustained plasmas (SWP) can be operated in a large variety of recipient geometries. The pressure range accessible for surface-wave-excited plasmas depends on the process gas and the diameter of the recipient. The larger the chamber diameter, the lower the minimal pressure necessary for the SWP mode. Analogously, the maximal pressure where a stable SWP can be operated decreases with increasing diameter. The numerical modelling of SWPs is quite involved. The plasma is created by the electromagnetic wave, but