History of Dhaka became the capital of the new province, Eastern Bengal and Assam, on 16 October 1905. Joseph Bampfylde Fuller entered on his office in Dhaka as the first lieutenant-governor of the region in January 1906. But the partition was revoked in 1911 and Dhaka became a district town on 1 April 1912. Eden College was founded in 1880. Narendra Narayan Roy Choudhury, landlord of the Baldah Estate, built Baldha Garden in 1909. University of Dhaka was established in 1921. Philip Hartog became the first vice-chancellor of the university. Ahsanullah School of Engineering (now Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology) was established
Dhaka accounted for the largest share of the world's jute production. Dhaka suffered stagnation and decline began during the mid 19th-century. Its muslin industry was destroyed by high colonial taxation, restriction of trade and forced imports of British manufactured textiles. The city's weavers starved to death during Bengal famines. The rise of the colonial capital Calcutta caused a sharp decline in the city's population. Dhaka became heavily impoverished. In 1824, an Anglican bishop described Dhaka as a "city of magnificent ruins". During the mutiny of 1857, the city witnessed revolts by the Bengal Army. The British Indian rule was established following