Smithfield, London personal signature of the Monarch), invariably upon ministerial recommendation, which if unexercised by the time of a Sovereign's death required renewed authority. In this case Queen Elizabeth did not approve the executions, thus freeing the Protestants. During the 16th century the Smithfield site was also the place of execution of swindlers and coin forgers, who were boiled to death in oil. By the 18th century the "Tyburn Tree" (near the present-day Marble Arch) became the main place for public executions in London. After 1785, executions were again moved, this time to the gates of Newgate prison, just to the south
Bow Curve Bow Curve The Bow Curve is a branch railway line in Bow, east London, that connects the Great Eastern Main Line (out of ) and the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway (out of ). The line, in length, connects on the GEML with on the LTSR. It once formed part of the London and Blackwall Railway and had one intermediate station called , but today it sees no regular timetabled use. It may, however, be used for diversions during engineering work or emergency timetable changes. The line was opened by the London and Blackwell Extension Railway (LBER) on 2 April