Sastrugi breaking equipment—ripples and waves are often undercut and the surface is hard and unforgiving, with constant minor topographic changes between ridge and trough. The words "sastrugi" and "zastrugi" are Russian-language plurals; the singular is "sastruga" or "zastruga". The form "sastruga" started as the German-language transliteration of the Russian word заструга (plural: заструги). A Latin-type analogica singular "sastrugus" is used in various writings on exploration of the South Pole, including Robert Falcon Scott's expedition's diaries and Ernest Shackleton's "The Heart of the Antarctic". Under the action of steady wind, free snow particles accumulate and drift like the sand grains in barchan
Galactic winds Galactic winds Galactic winds are high velocity stellar winds. The phenomena is caused by either strong stellar winds emanating from newly formed massive stars or as the result of the effects of supermassive black holes. Galactic winds are strong stellar winds made up of charged particles, ejecta, and varying amounts of hot and cool gas. These gusts are caused by the release of ejecta by massive stars, spiral density waves, or supernovae. In galaxies with active galactic nuclei, galactic winds can also be driven by the effects of super-massive black holes. Galactic winds are considered an important function in the