Kappaphycus alvarezii as semirefined carrageenan. "K. alvarezii" is affected by ice-ice, a disease that severely reduces its yield. This alga is an introduced species and a noxious aquatic weed in Hawaii. Kappaphycus alvarezii Kappaphycus alvarezii, the elkhorn sea moss, is a species of red algae. It is one of the most important commercial sources of carrageenans, a family of gel-forming, viscosifying polysaccharides. Farming methods affect the character of the carrageenan that can be extracted from the seaweed. This alga grows to two meters long and is green or yellow in color. It is very fast-growing, known to double its biomass in 15
Red yeast rice Red yeast rice Red yeast rice (), red rice "koji" (べにこうじ, lit. 'red "koji"'), red fermented rice, red kojic rice, red "koji" rice, anka, or ang-kak, is a bright reddish purple fermented rice, which acquires its colour from being cultivated with the mold "Monascus purpureus". Red yeast rice is what is referred to as a "koji" in Japanese, meaning "grain or bean overgrown with a mold culture", a food preparation tradition going back to ca. 300 BC. In both the scientific and popular literature in English that draws principally on Japanese, red yeast rice is most often referred to as