Cruella de Vil Cruella de Vil Cruella de Vil (spelled de Vil in the novel, spelled De Vil by Disney) is a character created by Dodie Smith as the main antagonist of her 1956 novel "The Hundred and One Dalmatians" and in Walt Disney Pictures' animated film adaptations "101 Dalmatians" (1961), "" (2003), and Disney's live-action film adaptations "101 Dalmatians" (1996) and "102 Dalmatians" (2000). She was originally voiced by Betty Lou Gerson, after that, she has been voiced by April Winchell (), Tress MacNeille (TV series, two episodes), and Susanne Blakeslee (currently) and was portrayed live by Glenn Close ("101 Dalmatians" and
Breed club (dog) research on breed-specific health issues. Breed clubs for agricultural stock breeds became popular social clubs in England in the late 18th century and early 19th century. The first breed club for chickens, for example, was formed in 1815 as an elite and expensive activity. By the mid-19th century, dog shows were becoming a pastime in Victorian England, and the bulldog was a popular pet. In order to make the bulldog breed smaller and more gentle, crossbreeding with pugs and other types of dogs was being done, leading to the formation of the first breed club, the Bulldog Club, in 1864,