Sastrugi breaking equipment—ripples and waves are often undercut and the surface is hard and unforgiving, with constant minor topographic changes between ridge and trough. The words "sastrugi" and "zastrugi" are Russian-language plurals; the singular is "sastruga" or "zastruga". The form "sastruga" started as the German-language transliteration of the Russian word заструга (plural: заструги). A Latin-type analogica singular "sastrugus" is used in various writings on exploration of the South Pole, including Robert Falcon Scott's expedition's diaries and Ernest Shackleton's "The Heart of the Antarctic". Under the action of steady wind, free snow particles accumulate and drift like the sand grains in barchan
Surface acoustic wave sensor When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, zinc oxide generates charge carriers which interact with the electric fields produced in the piezoelectric substrate by the traveling surface acoustic wave. This interaction decreases the velocity and the amplitude of the signal. Ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, nickel, and cobalt, exhibit a characteristic called magnetostriction, where the Young's modulus of the material is dependent on magnetic field strength. If a constant stress is maintained on such a material, the strain will change with a changing Young's modulus. If such a material is deposited in the delay line of a surface acoustic wave sensor, a