Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz, better known as Oswaldo Cruz (; August 5, 1872 in São Luís do Paraitinga, São Paulo province, Brazil – February 11, 1917 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro state), was a Brazilian physician, pioneer bacteriologist, epidemiologist and public health officer and the founder of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute. He occupied the fifth chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1912 until his death in 1917. Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz was born on August 5, 1872 in São Luis do Paraitinga, a small city in São Paulo Province, to the physician Bento Gonçalvez Cruz and Amália Bulhões
South African Translators' Institute South African Translators' Institute The South African Translators' Institute (SATI) is the largest association in South Africa representing professional, academic and amateur translators and other language practitioners. SATI was founded in 1956. Membership is open to anyone, and at present there are around 800 members (2012 figure). The institute has adopted official names in South Africa's other official languages, namely (, , , , , , , , , and ). SATI's purpose is to promote the interests of the translation profession in South Africa, chiefly through: Other developments through which SATI contributes to translation in South Africa, include: Recognition