Rank in Judo a red-white paneled belt, and judokas who have attained the 9th Dan may wear a solid red belt. In some countries a red belt is used between the white and yellow belts to signify full membership of the judo club or the countries judo association. More commonly the red belt is, however, reserved only for 9th and 10th Dan practitioners. In some countries junior practitioners have an extra system in place to show the progress in between two kyū grades. The sub rank is symbolized by a small piece of fabric on the end of the belt. The colour of
Judo in Canada 1989. A third article, "Physical performance attributes of junior and senior women, juvenile, junior, and senior men judokas", presents the results of a study of the 1989 Alberta Judo Team and was published by N.G. Little in "The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness" in 1991. Kinesiologist, 1993 Canadian Champion (-65 kg category), and former member of the Canadian Judo team Wayland Pulkkinen self-published "The Sport Science of Elite Judo Athletes: a Review & Application for Training" in 2001. Two undated articles derived from the book are available on the website "JudoInfo.com". Other authors have focused on the social