Judo federations have promoted another eleven who are not recognized (at that level of rank) by the Kodokan. On July 28, 2011, the promotion board of USA Judo awarded Keiko Fukuda the rank of 10th "dan", who was the first woman to be promoted to judo's highest level, albeit not a Kodokan-recognized rank. Although "dan" ranks tend to be consistent between national organizations there is more variation in the "kyū" grades, with some countries having more "kyū" grades. Although initially "kyū" grade belt colours were uniformly white, today a variety of colours are used. The first black belts to denote a
Judo in Canada aspects of Judo. The most complete history of Canadian Judo is Glynn Leyshon's "Judoka: the history of Judo in Canada" (1998). However, while Leyshon is Professor Emeritus of Kinesiology at the University of Western Ontario, "Judoka" is a popular history published by Judo Canada rather than an academic study. Anne Doré's article "Japanese-Canadian Sport History in the Fraser Valley: Judo and Baseball in the Interwar Years" (2002) and Joseph Svinth's book "Getting a Grip: Judo in the Nikkei Communities of the Pacific Northwest, 1900-1950" (2003) both address the history of Judo in British Columbia. Luiz Moraes' PhD thesis in Education