Wine vessels kept them fresh and free from a vinegar smell. In medieval Europe, the Roman Catholic Church supported wine because the clergy required it for the Mass. Monks in France made wine for years, aging it in caves. An old English recipe that survived in various forms until the 19th century calls for refining white wine from bastard—bad or tainted "bastardo" wine. The English word "wine" comes from the Proto-Germanic "*winam", an early borrowing from the Latin "vinum", "wine" or "(grape) vine", itself derived from the Proto-Indo-European stem *"win-o-" (cf. , "gini"; Ancient Greek: "oinos"; Aeolic Greek: "woinos"; Hittite: "wiyana";
Tsinandali wine arrival of Christianity, brought by St. Nino in the fourth century C.E. Georgia produces over 50 wine types and is the home of over 500 grape varieties. Production was small scale at first but became increasingly large-scale and standardized until the Soviet era, which placed emphasis on quality rather than quantity and differentiated the industry into three parts, growers, fermenters and bottlers. Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, the industry has been vertically integrated into smaller scale but full-cycle production. Tsinandali wine Tsinandali white wine comes from Georgia. It is made from Rkatsiteli and Mtsvane grapes and comes from