Swallowtail butterfly tiger swallowtail), Y-linkage determines whether the females are either wild-type (yellow and black) or melanic (dark melanin replaces the yellow background). This genetic difference stems from the fact that melanism is controlled by a single gene, which controls the level of dopamine in the organism. The enzyme BAS, which assists dopamine in producing the yellow pigmentation, normally found on the wings' background, is suppressed. Without the pigmentation, the butterfly appears mostly black (the melanic form) and is a Batesian mimic of "Battus philenor", the pipevine swallowtail. There are also "Papilio glaucus" that are not wholly black; several possess an intermediate
Comma comma and the cedilla are both derivative of a small cursive "z" (ʒ) placed below the letter. From this standpoint alone, "ș", "ț", and "d̦" could potentially be regarded as stand-ins for "sz", "tz", and "dz" respectively. In Latvian, the comma is used on the letters "ģ", "ķ", "ļ", "ņ", and historically also "ŗ", to indicate palatalization. Because the lowercase letter "g" has a descender, the comma is rotated 180° and placed over the letter. Although their Adobe glyph names are commas, their names in the Unicode Standard are "g", "k", "l", "n", and "r" with a cedilla. They were