Sastrugi dunes, and the resulting drifting snow shapes are also popularly referred to as "barchans". Inuit of Canada call them "kalutoqaniq". When winds slacken, the drifted formations consolidate via sublimation and recrystallization. Subsequent winds erode kalutoqaniq into the sculptured forms of sastrugi. Inuit call large sculpturings "kaioqlaq" and small ripples "tumarinyiq". Further erosion may turn "kaioqlaq" back into drifting "kalutoqaniq". An intermediate stage of erosion is "mapsuk", an overhanging shape. On the windward side of a ridge, the base erodes faster than the top, producing a shape like an anvil tip pointing upwind. Sastrugi are more likely to form on first-year
Origin of the Oak Ridges Moraine a 20 m layer of shallow surface Oak Ridges Moraine sediments, underlain by the "Newmarket Till". The other wedges, which peak at up to 335 m, have thicker and more varied surficial deposits, and the "Newmarket Till" lies deeper below the surface. Moreover, the sedimentary deposits are underlain by "Halton Till" on these wedges, which is not present in the Rice Lake wedge. Thus, from top to bottom, the stratigraphy of the moraine is: The most accepted theory of the development of the Oak Ridges Moraine is that proposed by Barnett et al. (1998). "Moraine development is highlighted in four