Culture of South Africa originated in South Africa. The first human-to-human heart transplant was performed by cardiac surgeon Christiaan Barnard at Groote Schuur Hospital in December 1967. Max Theiler developed a vaccine against Yellow Fever, Allan McLeod Cormack pioneered x-ray Computed tomography, and Aaron Klug developed crystallographic electron microscopy techniques. These advancements were all (with the exception of that of Barnard) recognised with Nobel Prizes. Sydney Brenner won most recently, in 2002, for his pioneering work in molecular biology. Mark Shuttleworth founded an early Internet security company Thawte, that was subsequently bought out by world-leader VeriSign. South Africa has cultivated a burgeoning astronomy community.
Nobel Prize controversies military junta, which decided not to allow her to attend the awarded ceremony. In 2017 her Nobel prize became a matter of controversy after United Nations' report which said Myanmar’s military carried out an act of genocide against Rohingya Muslims, an ethnic minority in Myanmar. Suu Kyi has repeatedly refused to speak out against violence committed by the military against the Rohingya and her silence over the mass killings has been likened by researchers to “legitimising genocide”. The 1990 prize went to Mikhail Gorbachev "for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international