Judo federations have promoted another eleven who are not recognized (at that level of rank) by the Kodokan. On July 28, 2011, the promotion board of USA Judo awarded Keiko Fukuda the rank of 10th "dan", who was the first woman to be promoted to judo's highest level, albeit not a Kodokan-recognized rank. Although "dan" ranks tend to be consistent between national organizations there is more variation in the "kyū" grades, with some countries having more "kyū" grades. Although initially "kyū" grade belt colours were uniformly white, today a variety of colours are used. The first black belts to denote a
Judo in Canada notably in Japan. It has received relatively little attention in Canada, but Judo research has been conducted by Canadians working in several different disciplines. The most widely cited publications are journal articles and books written by sports scientists. The earliest, "A physiological profile of the Canadian judo team" by A.W. Taylor and L. Brassard, was published in "The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness" in 1981. The similarly titled "Physiological profiles of the Canadian National Judo Team" was published by S.G. Thomas, M.H. Cox, Y.M. LeGal, T.J. Verde, and H.K. Smith in the "Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences" in