Method of successive substitution Method of successive substitution In modular arithmetic, the method of successive substitution is a method of solving problems of simultaneous congruences by using the definition of the congruence equation. It is commonly applied in cases where the conditions of the Chinese remainder theorem are not satisfied. There is also an unrelated numerical-analysis method of successive substitution, a randomized algorithm used for root finding, an application of fixed-point iteration. The method of successive substitution is also known as back substitution. Consider the simple set of simultaneous congruences Now, for "x" ≡ 3 (mod 4) to be true, "x" = 3 +
International Philosophy Olympiad International Philosophy Olympiad The International Philosophy Olympiad (IPO) is an International Science Olympiad, a philosophy competition for high school students. It is organized under the auspices of the FISP (Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie) and supported by UNESCO. The International Philosophy Olympiad was founded through an initiative by Ivan Kolev from Sofia University, Bulgaria. The idea was to help replace the Marxist-Leninist subjects taught in schools throughout Eastern Europe between 1947 and 1990. The first International Philosophy Olympiad was held in 1993 in Smolyan, Bulgaria, with three participating countries, Bulgaria, Romania (lead by Elena Florina Otet) and Turkey (lead