Telegraphy the sense of a system that can transmit arbitrary messages over arbitrary distances. Lines of signalling relay stations can send messages to any required distance, but all these systems are limited to one extent or another in the range of messages that they can send. A system like flag semaphore, with an alphabetic code, can certainly send any given message, but the system is designed for short-range communication between two persons. An engine order telegraph, used to send instructions from the bridge of a ship to the engine room, fails to meet both criteria; it has a limited distance and
Flags of the Imperial Austrian Army of the Napoleonic Wars und Vaterland sind unsere Lösung'. The earlier Insurrection infantry flags usually displayed a religious symbol on the obverse and either national or local coats of arms on the reverse. A Hungarian example from 1797 was a white flag, displaying an enthroned Madonna on the obverse and the Hungarian arms on the reverse, while others showed a local saint with the Doppeladler om the reverse. A 1797 Croatian flag from Warasdin (Varaždin) made of damask, has a background of the Croat red/white chequerboard upon which is the Madonna and Child on the obverse; on the reverse are the arms of Warasdin