Wine from the United Kingdom Normans, with over 40 vineyards in England mentioned in the Domesday Book, although much of what was being produced was for making communion wine for the Eucharist. From the Middle Ages, the English market was the main customer of clarets from Bordeaux, France, helped by the Plantagenet kingdom, which included England and large provinces in France. In the 18th century, the Methuen Treaty of 1703 imposed high duties on French wine. This led to the English becoming a main consumer of sweet fortified wines like sherry, port wine, and Madeira wine from Spain and Portugal. Fortified wine became popular because
Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 their commune (village), and their AOC in parenthesis, if different from the commune. The 19th-century names appear as listed by the brokers on April 18, 1855, followed by the modern names, as the use of "second cru" for red wines and "deuxième cru" for white wines. [Barsac estates may be labelled with the appellation Barsac or Sauternes.] a. The only classified estate situated in Graves rather than Médoc. b. Listed as Second Growth in 1855, elevated to First Growth in 1973. c. Dissolved in 1960. d. Added in 1856. Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification