Nobel Prize controversies Chen-Ning Yang—by providing him in 1956 with a possible test method for beta decay that worked successfully. Her book "Beta Decay" (1965) is still a sine qua non reference for nuclear physicists. Several Nobel Prizes were awarded for research related to the concepts of the boson, Bose–Einstein statistics and Bose–Einstein condensate—the latest being the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics given for advancing the theory of Bose–Einstein condensates although Satyendra Nath Bose himself was not awarded the Nobel Prize. In his book "The Scientific Edge", physicist Jayant Narlikar observed: "SN Bose's work on particle statistics (c.1922), which clarified the behavior of
Rudolf Mössbauer Rudolf Mössbauer Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer (German spelling: "Mößbauer"; 31 January 1929 – 14 September 2011) was a German physicist best known for his 1957 discovery of "recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence" for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics. This effect, called the Mössbauer effect, is the basis for Mössbauer spectroscopy. Mössbauer was born in Munich, where he also studied physics at the Technical University of Munich. He prepared his Diplom thesis in the Laboratory of Applied Physics of Heinz Maier-Leibnitz and graduated in 1955. He then went to the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg.