Volcanic pipe Volcanic pipe Volcanic pipes are subterranean geological structures formed by the violent, supersonic eruption of deep-origin volcanoes. They are considered to be a type of "diatreme". Volcanic pipes are composed of a deep, narrow cone of solidified magma (described as "carrot-shaped"), and are usually largely composed of one of two characteristic rock types — kimberlite or lamproite. These rocks reflect the composition of the volcanoes' deep magma sources, where the Earth is rich in magnesium. Volcanic pipes are relatively rare. They are well known as the primary source of diamonds, and are mined for this purpose. Volcanic pipes form as
Charlotte Sometimes (novel) Charlotte Sometimes (novel) Charlotte Sometimes is a children's novel by the English writer Penelope Farmer, published in 1969 by Chatto & Windus in the UK, and by Harcourt in the United States. It is the third and best known of three books featuring the Makepeace sisters, Charlotte and Emma. The three are sometimes known as the "Aviary Hall" books. "Charlotte Sometimes" inspired the song of the same name by the English rock band, The Cure. The story centres on a girl called Charlotte, who not long after starting at a boarding school, finds she has travelled mysteriously back more than