IC 418 IC 418 IC 418, also known as Spirograph Nebula, is a planetary nebula in the Milky Way Galaxy. The name derives from the intricate pattern of the nebula, which resembles a pattern which can be created using the Spirograph, a toy that produces geometric patterns (specifically, hypotrochoids and epitrochoids) on paper. Only a few million years ago, IC 418 was probably a common red giant star. Since running out of nuclear fuel, though, the outer envelope has begun expanding outward leaving a hot remnant core destined to become a white dwarf star. IC 418 lies about 3600 light-years away and
Denys Ovenden Denys Ovenden Denys Ovenden was born on April 1, 1922. His preoccupation with drawing began very early, since there are drawings on the fly-leaves of books from that period. His natural history interest began. Watercolor is the basic medium for his work, with occasional "gouache" for highlighting or detail. His preferred working surface is a "fashion" type board, "CS2 not surface" being the favorite. Reference sources are most important, and Denys uses a body-live, pinned or pickled, to work from, as pinned and set specimens can be misleading due to shrinkage, discoloration or loss of parts. He does use photographs