Northern Alberta kimberlite province maar-style diatremes that have a vertical-walled volcanic crater of explosive origin, surrounded by a low rim of ejecta. Pyroclastic fall and surge are the two volcanic mechanisms of deposition. There are also deposits formed by hydraulic reworking and resedimentation of material from tephra cones and/or extra-crater fall and surge deposits. The NAKP volcanics, including the ML pipes, contain abundant lapilli and olivine supported in a fine-grained groundmass. Other minerals may include serpentine, clay minerals, carbonate minerals, phlogopite, ilmenite, perovskite, spinel, apatite, pyrite and, in some cases, diamonds. Northern Alberta kimberlite province The Northern Alberta Kimberlite Province (NAKP) consists of three
Volcanic pipe similarly to kimberlite pipes, except that the boiling water and volatile compounds contained in the magma act corrosively on the overlying rock, resulting in a broader cone of eviscerated rock (the ejection of this rock also forms a tuff ring, like kimberlite eruptions). This broad cone is then filled with volcanic ash and materials. Finally, the degassed magma is pushed upward, filling the cone. The result is a martini-glass shaped deposit of volcanic material (both solidified magma, and ejecta) which appears mostly flat from the surface. Volcanic pipe Volcanic pipes are subterranean geological structures formed by the violent, supersonic eruption