Honey extraction abrading the surface of the wax with moving chains or bristles or hot knives. This, while messy, makes the process easier than doing this task manually. Some beekeepers will also harvest (before uncapping the honey) the propolis, a resinous material bees gather to glue the frames together; propolis is used for its medicinal properties. Once uncapped, the frames are then placed in a honey extractor, which spins them so that most of the honey is removed by centrifugal force. Care must be taken to ensure that all frames are loaded correctly, as the comb is angled slightly upwards to prevent
Wood glue gel strength, a measure of how many grams of force it requires to depress a plunger into a 12.5% protein solution of the glue at . Glue is manufactured in standard grades from . strength is the most commonly used for woodworking; is the highest normally used for instrument building; is the lowest used for general woodwork. Glue above strength requires excessive dilution and so leaves too little glue in joints for effective adhesion, so it is not commonly used. Liquid versions of hide glue are now available; typically they have urea added to keep the glue liquid at room