Pollen cells are surrounded by a thin delicate wall of unaltered cellulose called the endospore or intine, and a tough resistant outer cuticularized wall composed largely of sporopollenin called the exospore or exine. The exine often bears spines or warts, or is variously sculptured, and the character of the markings is often of value for identifying genus, species, or even cultivar or individual. The spines may be less than a micron in length (spinulus, plural spinuli) referred to as spinulose (scabrate), or longer than a micron (echina, echinae) referred to as echinate. Various terms also describe the sculpturing such as reticulate,
Spore (agricultural publication) publisher, CTA. Recent Special Issues have covered Climate Change (2015), Family Farming (2014), Structured Grain Trading (2013); Agricultural Value Chains (2012); Modernizing Farms (2011) and Population and Agriculture (2010). Issues from September 1997 (No. 72) to the present are available at the magazine's website . Issues 1-69 are available from . Spore (agricultural publication) Spore is a magazine published by the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation ACP-EU (CTA) in English and French. It covers a wide range of agricultural topics and is extensively distributed and widely reproduced throughout African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries and elsewhere. Originally known