Big Muddy River Southern Illinois with "loess", fine grained, wind born deposits. At the edge of the floodplain, dunes, called "loess hills", formed. The Pine Hills are loess hills standing several hundred feet above the floodplain. Prior to the construction of Rend Lake, much of the ancient lake bed was swamp: a forested area that was covered by water through most of the winter, and during wet summers. When the Big Muddy flooded, the water covered the flat bottom of the ancient lake bed for miles either direction from the meandering channel. The upper reaches of the Big Muddy are near Dix, Illinois.
Big Muddy Creek (Missouri River tributary) Fort Peck Indian Reservation. It joins the Missouri west of Culbertson. It was explored in 1805 by the Lewis and Clark Expedition, who called it Martha's River in their journals and noticed on their return voyage in 1806 that it had changed its mouth on the Missouri. Along with the Milk River and the Poplar River, it is one of three waterways in Canada that drain into the Gulf of Mexico. Big Muddy Creek has also been known as: Big Muddy River, Little Yellow River, Martha River, Martha's River, Marthas River, Marthy's River and Park River. Big Muddy Creek (Missouri