Ernst Chladni at the understanding of electron orbitals. Since at least 1738, a musical instrument called a "Glasspiel" or "verrillon", created by filling beer glasses with varying amounts of water, was popular in Europe. The beer glasses were struck by wooden mallets shaped like spoons to produce "church and other solemn music". Benjamin Franklin was sufficiently impressed by a verrillon performance on a visit to London in 1757 that he created his own instrument, the glass armonica, in 1762. Franklin's armonica inspired several other instruments, including two created by Chladni. In 1791, Chladni invented the musical instrument called the "euphon" (not to
18th-century French literature de Sade (the Marquis de Sade) (1797); "Le Sopha- conte moral" ) ("The Sopha - a moral tale") by Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon (1745), and "les Bijoux indiscrets" ("The indiscreet jewels") (1748) and "La Religieuse" ("The Nun") by Diderot (1760). The novel of feelings appeared in the second half of the 18th century, with the publication of "Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloïse" ("Julie, or the New Heloise"), in a novel in the form of letters, written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1761). It was modelled after the English novel "Pamela" by Samuel Richardson, which was the best-selling novel of the century,