Clement Freud and rape by Freud, which led to police investigations. He was born Clemens Rafael Freud in Berlin, the son of Jewish parents Ernst L. Freud (an architect) and Lucie "née" Brasch. He was the grandson of psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud and the brother of artist Lucian Freud. His family fled to Britain from Nazi Germany and his forenames were anglicised to Clement Raphael. He spent his later childhood in Hampstead where he attended the Hall School, Hampstead, a preparatory school. He also attended two independent schools: he boarded at Dartington Hall, and also went to St Paul's School, London. He naturalised
Sigmund Freud – i.e. the acceptance of non-medically qualified candidates for psychoanalytic training. Freud set out his case in favour in 1926 in his "The Question of Lay Analysis". He was resolutely opposed by the American societies who expressed concerns over professional standards and the risk of litigation (though child analysts were made exempt). These concerns were also shared by some of his European colleagues. Eventually an agreement was reached allowing societies autonomy in setting criteria for candidature. In 1930 Freud was awarded the Goethe Prize in recognition of his contributions to psychology and to German literary culture. Freud used pseudonyms in