Phan Đình Phùng towards the monarchy. According to Marr, "Phan Dinh Phung's reply was a classic in savage understatement, utilizing standard formalism in the interest of propaganda, with deft denigration of his opponent". Phan appealed to Vietnamese nationalist sentiment, recalling his country's stubborn resistance to Chinese aggression. He cited defensive wars against the Han, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, asking why a country "a thousand times more powerful" could not annex Vietnam. Phan concluded that it was "because the destiny of our country has been willed by Heaven itself". Phan placed the responsibility for the suffering of the people at the feet
Chong Pang and the subsequent retrenchment led to many residents being left jobless. The Indians were particularly affected and most of them returned to India leading to a dwindling Indian community. Since then, the village had a predominantly Chinese population with small communities of Indians and Malays. The present day housing estate named Chong Pang is located in Yishun. Chong Pang lends its name to a ward in Nee Soon Group Representation Constituency (formerly Sembawang Group Representation Constituency until 2011). The MP of the Chong Pang ward is Mr K Shanmugam. Chong Pang Chong Pang (Chinese: 忠邦城) is a housing estate located