Propolis Propolis Propolis or bee glue is a resinous mixture that honey bees produce by mixing saliva and beeswax with exudate gathered from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources. It is used as a sealant for unwanted open spaces in the hive. Propolis is used for small gaps (approximately or less), while larger spaces are usually filled with beeswax. Its color varies depending on its botanical source, with dark brown as the most common. Propolis is sticky at and above , while at lower temperatures, it becomes hard and brittle. While foraging, worker bees primarily harvest pollen and nectar,
Fibrin glue Fibrin glue Fibrin glue (also called fibrin sealant) is a surgical formulation used to create a fibrin clot for hemostasis or wound healing. It is made up of fibrinogen (lyophilised pooled human concentrate) and thrombin (bovine, which is reconstituted with calcium chloride) that are applied to a site of tissue damage to glue them together. Thrombin is an enzyme and converts fibrinogen into fibrin monomers between 10 and 60 seconds giving rise to a three-dimensional gel. Factors that influence dimensional structure of fibrin gel giving rise to fine or coarse gel: Formulations from different manufacturers may also contain aprotinin, fibronectin