Christmas tree pests and weeds of different pests, most of which cause cosmetic damage to the trees, important in the Christmas tree industry. The balsam woolly adelgid ("Adelges picae") are small soft-bodied insects which attack the Fraser fir. The insects appear as white, woolly spots on the tree and are fatal to the fir if left untreated. The woolly adeligid was native to central Europe where it affected the silver fir; it was introduced to the United States, where it has no known native predators, before 1900. Balsam twig aphids ("Mindarus abietnus") are another type of tree pest which affects fir and spruce trees in
Steamboats of the Lower Fraser River and Harrison Lake Puget Sound and the Fraser River. Ships that called in were the "Suprize", "Enterprise", and the "Wilson G. Hunt". At the onset of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush and the accompanying declaration of the Colony of British Columbia, British colonial Governor James Douglas, was worried about an American monopoly on British trade and thus declared a law preventing steamboat traffic operating under the American flag from conducting trade in the colony. This did two things, it enabled a local shipbuilding industry and, in as a result in some cases, ship owners changed flags and registry to British shipping. Two dominant