Duke of Normandy as the reign of William II (1035–87), the ruler of Normandy could style himself "prince and duke, count of Normandy" as if unsure what his title should be. The literal Latin equivalent of "Duke of Normandy", "dux Normanniae", was in use by 1066, but it did not supplant "dux Normannorum" until the Angevin period (1144–1204), at a time when Norman identity was fading. Richard I experimented with the title "marquis" ("marchio") as early as 966, when it was also used in a diploma of King Lothair. Richard II occasionally used it, but he seems to have preferred the title duke.
Conrad II, Duke of Carinthia Conrad II, Duke of Carinthia Conrad II ( – 20 July 1039), called the Younger (), a member of the Salian dynasty, was Duke of Carinthia and Margrave of Verona from 1035 until his death. Named after his great-grandfather, Conrad was probably born on 12 July 990. At the time, his family had not yet started calling themselves the "Salians". Conrad's parents were Duke Conrad I of Carinthia and his consort Matilda, a daughter of the Conradine duke Herman II of Swabia. His father died in 1011, when Conrad the Younger was still a minor, and King Henry II vested