Cryptorchidism (over 90% in some studies). Even after orchiopexy, these may also affect sperm maturation and motility at an older age. The most common diagnostic dilemma in otherwise normal boys is distinguishing a retractile testis from a testis that will not descend spontaneously into the scrotum. Retractile testes are more common than truly undescended testes and do not need to be operated on. In normal males, as the cremaster muscle relaxes or contracts, the testis moves lower or higher ("retracts") in the scrotum. This cremasteric reflex is much more active in infant boys than older men. A retractile testis high in
Cello scrotum this and other hoax medical letters for evidence-based medicine and public understanding of science were discussed by Séamus Mac Suibhne. Cello scrotum Cello scrotum is a hoax medical condition originally published as a brief case report in the "British Medical Journal" in 1974. As its name suggests, it was purportedly an affliction of the scrotum affecting male players of the cello. The original letter was written by Dr Elaine Murphy but signed by her husband John as a joke to compare with a previous letter regarding 'guitar nipple', a condition reportedly occurring when some styles of guitar playing excessively irritate