Spirograph Bruno Abakanowicz invented the Spirograph between 1881 and 1900. It was used for calculating an area delimited by curves. Drawing toys based on gears have been around since at least 1908, when "The Marvelous Wondergraph" was advertised in the Sears catalog. An article describing how to make a Wondergraph drawing machine appeared in the "Boys Mechanic" publication in 1913. The Spirograph itself was developed by the British engineer Denys Fisher, who exhibited at the 1965 Nuremberg International Toy Fair. It was subsequently produced by his company. US distribution rights were acquired by Kenner, Inc., which introduced it to the United
Inequality of arithmetic and geometric means numbers in the case . An example of this case is : Averaging two different numbers produces two equal numbers, but the third one is still different. Therefore, we never actually get an inequality involving the geometric mean of three equal numbers. Hence, an additional trick or a modified argument is necessary to turn the above idea into a valid proof for the case . With the arithmetic mean of the non-negative real numbers , the AM–GM statement is equivalent to with equality if and only if for all . For the following proof we apply mathematical induction and only