IC 418 IC 418 IC 418, also known as Spirograph Nebula, is a planetary nebula in the Milky Way Galaxy. The name derives from the intricate pattern of the nebula, which resembles a pattern which can be created using the Spirograph, a toy that produces geometric patterns (specifically, hypotrochoids and epitrochoids) on paper. Only a few million years ago, IC 418 was probably a common red giant star. Since running out of nuclear fuel, though, the outer envelope has begun expanding outward leaving a hot remnant core destined to become a white dwarf star. IC 418 lies about 3600 light-years away and
Geometric and Functional Analysis "Geometric Aspects of Functional Analysis" of which Vitali Milman had been one of the main organizers in the previous years. The journal retained the same acronym as the series to stress the connection between the two. The journal is reviewed cover-to-cover in Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH and is indexed cover-to-cover in the Web of Science. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 1.476. The journal has four editors: Vitali Milman (editor-in-chief), Mikhail Gromov, Simon Donaldson and Peter Sarnak. Geometric and Functional Analysis "Geometric and Functional Analysis" ("GAFA") is a mathematical journal published