Ovine rinderpest virus does not infect humans. This disease was first described in 1942 in Côte d'Ivoire. Now, PPR has spread to more than 70 countries in the world. In 2017, the disease was reported to be affecting saiga in Mongolia, causing near-catastrophic herd depletion for the endangered species. In 2018, the disease was reported to be in Bulgaria close to the border with Turkey. PPR is also known as goat plague, "kata", syndrome of stomatitis-pneumoenteritis, and ovine rinderpest. Official agencies such as the FAO and OIE use the French name ""peste des petits ruminants"" with several spelling variants. Symptoms are similar
Alternatives to animal testing test dummies, complete with internal sensors and video, have replaced live animal trauma testing for automobile crash testing. The first of these was "Sierra Sam" built in 1949 by Alderson Research Labs (ARL) Sierra Engineering. These dummies continue to be refined. Prior to this, live pigs were used as test subjects for crash testing. Computer models have been constructed to model human metabolism, to study plaque build-up and cardiovascular risk, and to evaluate toxicity of drugs, tasks for which animals are also used. In 2007, US researchers using the world's fastest computer at the time, BlueGene L, modeled half a