NaCl (software) NaCl (software) <dfn>NaCl</dfn> (pronounced "salt") is an abbreviation for "Networking and Cryptography library", a public domain "...high-speed software library for network communication, encryption, decryption, signatures, etc". NaCl was created by the mathematician and programmer Daniel J. Bernstein who is best known for the creation of qmail and Curve25519. The core team also includes Tanja Lange and Peter Schwabe. The main goal while creating NaCl, according to the paper, was to "avoid various types of cryptographic disasters suffered by previous cryptographic libraries". Reference implementation is written in C, often with several inline assembler. C++ and Python are handled as wrappers. NaCl
Substance dependence Substance dependence Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is an adaptive state that develops from repeated drug administration, and which results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use. A "drug addiction", a distinct concept from substance dependence, is defined as compulsive, out-of-control drug use, despite negative consequences. An "addictive drug" is a drug which is both rewarding and reinforcing. ΔFosB, a gene transcription factor, is now known to be a critical component and common factor in the development of virtually all forms of behavioral addiction and drug addictions, but not dependence. Within the framework of the 4th edition of