Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), also known as ovine pulmonary adenomatosis, or jaagsiekte, is a chronic and contagious disease of the lungs of sheep and goats. OPA is caused by a retrovirus called jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). The disease has a long incubation period, and therefore signs usually occur in adult animals (over 2 years of age). Clinical signs resemble a non-specific progressive pneumonia, including poor body condition and, particularly after exercise, respiratory difficulty. Unless a concurrent lung infection is present, affected sheep continue to eat. The only sign specific to OPA is a watery nasal discharge, consisting
Animal welfare in Thailand through a process of beatings to "mentally break" them, to make them submissive for the lucrative entertainment of tourists in tourist parks. Animal welfare advocates have called for better legislation and systems to document the origin of elephants in tourist camps and other locations across Thailand. Animal welfare in Thailand Animal welfare in Thailand relates to the treatment of animals in fields such as agriculture, hunting, medical testing and the domestic ownership of animals. It is distinct from animal conservation. Thailand introduced its first animal welfare law in 2014. The "Cruelty Prevention and Welfare of Animal Act, B.E. 2557 (2014)"