Honey extraction abrading the surface of the wax with moving chains or bristles or hot knives. This, while messy, makes the process easier than doing this task manually. Some beekeepers will also harvest (before uncapping the honey) the propolis, a resinous material bees gather to glue the frames together; propolis is used for its medicinal properties. Once uncapped, the frames are then placed in a honey extractor, which spins them so that most of the honey is removed by centrifugal force. Care must be taken to ensure that all frames are loaded correctly, as the comb is angled slightly upwards to prevent
Glue-size high perishability of linen cloth and the solubility of hide glue. Well-known and relatively well-preserved — though substantially damaged — the most notable examples include Quentin Matsys' "Virgin and Child with Saints Barbara and Catherine" (c. 1515-25) and Dirk Bouts' "Entombment" (c. 1440-55). In German the technique is known as "Tüchleinfarben", meaning “small cloth colours”, or "Tüchlein", derived from the German words "Tüch" and "Lein" ("fabric" and "flax"). A binding agent for pigment was made by boiling animal skin mixed with other organic tissue and applied to linen, itself prepared with a thin layer of glue. The linen was ground,