Curse of Ham unsupported by the text of the Bible, emphatically pointing out that Noah's curse fell not upon all descendants of Ham, but only on the descendants of Canaan, and asserting that it was fulfilled when Canaan was occupied by both Semites (Israel) and Japhetites. The commentary further notes that Canaanites ceased to exist politically after the Third Punic War (149 BC), and that their current descendants are thus unknown and scattered among all peoples. Robert Boyle—a seventeenth-century scientist who also was a theologian and a devout Christian—refuted the idea that blackness was a Curse of Ham, in his book "Experiments and
Gospel According to the Mark of Silver II") Gospel According to the Mark of Silver The Gospel According to the Mark of Silver is a work from the "Carmina Burana" later used to satirise Pope Leo X (1513-1521), who was famous for his profligate spending of church money. While Leo was also criticized by ecclesiastical officials after his death, the "Gospel" was a product of the Goliard movement. At that time, the Pope said to the Romans, "When the son of man comes to the seat of our majesty, first say, `Friend, why have you come?' But if he continues knocking without giving you anything, throw him