Birtha (Mesopotamia) Birtha (Mesopotamia) Birtha () was an ancient fortress on the river Tigris, which was said to have been built by Alexander the Great. It would seem, from the description of Ammianus, to have resembled a modern fortification, flanked by bastions, and with its approaches defended by out-works. Shapur II here closed his campaign in 360, and was compelled to retire with considerable loss. D'Anville and Edward Gibbon both identify Birtha as modern-day Tikrit, Iraq. The word "Birtha" in Syriac means a castle or fortress, and might be applied to many places. From the known position of Dura, it has been
Mesopotamia, Greece Mesopotamia, Greece Mesopotamia (Greek: Μεσοποταμία), Bulgarian and Macedonian Slavic: , is a village and a former municipality in Kastoria regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kastoria, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 99.173 km. Population 4,224 (2011). The municipality was formed at the 1997 Kapodistrias reform under the name "Aliakmonas", after the river Aliakmonas. It was renamed to "Mesopotamia" in 2006. The town of Mesopotamia was the seat of the municipality. Mesopotamia has three Byzantine style churches. The most recent and