Hirsutism or central. It can be caused by increased levels of androgen hormones. The amount and location of the hair is measured by a Ferriman-Gallwey score. It is different than hypertrichosis, which is excessive hair growth anywhere on the body. Treatments may include birth control pills that contain estrogen and progestin, antiandrogens, or insulin sensitizers. Hirsutism affects between 5–15% of all women across all ethnic backgrounds. Depending on the definition and the underlying data, estimates indicate that approximately 40% of women have some degree of unwanted facial hair. Hirsutism affects members of either sex, since rising androgen levels can cause excessive
Reciprocal altruism in humans Reciprocal altruism in humans Reciprocal altruism in humans refers to an individual behavior that gives benefit conditionally upon receiving a returned benefit, which draws on the economic concept – ″gains in trade″. Human reciprocal altruism would include the following behaviors (but is not limited to): helping patients, the wounded, and the others when they are in crisis; sharing food, implement, knowledge. The concept of ″altruism″ was firstly coined by the French philosopher Auguete Comte in the 19th century, which was derived from the French word ″"altruisme"″. Comte believed that ″altruism″ is a moral doctrine, which is the opposite of egoism,