Mesopotamia Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is a historical region in Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Northern Saudi Arabia, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders. The Sumerians and Akkadians (including Assyrians and Babylonians) dominated Mesopotamia from the beginning of written history (c. 3100 BC) to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC, when it was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire. It fell to Alexander the Great in 332 BC, and after his death, it became part of the Greek Seleucid
Agriculture in ancient Mesopotamia is very arid and has poor soil quality. But the man-made infrastructure took advantage of some of the potential of this space (large rivers and broad, flat plains) to counter these issues and make lower Mesopotamia one of the most productive agricultural areas in the ancient world. In the north, the uncertainties of production were greater, as a result of the fluctuation of the climate year by year. There were, as a result, many systems of agricultural land, reflecting the diversity of ancient Mesopotamian agriculture. The natural context of ancient Mesopotamia was little different from modern conditions in this region,