Cryptorchidism (over 90% in some studies). Even after orchiopexy, these may also affect sperm maturation and motility at an older age. The most common diagnostic dilemma in otherwise normal boys is distinguishing a retractile testis from a testis that will not descend spontaneously into the scrotum. Retractile testes are more common than truly undescended testes and do not need to be operated on. In normal males, as the cremaster muscle relaxes or contracts, the testis moves lower or higher ("retracts") in the scrotum. This cremasteric reflex is much more active in infant boys than older men. A retractile testis high in
AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine a long-term care facility, and have completed a post-graduate training program accredited by the U.S. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or American Osteopathic Association, or a Canadian Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons or College of Family Physicians accredited post-graduate training program. Certification is earned with competence in clinical medicine and medical management in long-term care, after completing educational requirements. Continuing medical education in both clinical and leadership areas is a requirement to retain certification, as well as to recertify in the future. CMDs must recertify after six years. Certified Medical Director is a certification offered by the American