Acute flaccid myelitis infectious disease should be considered as a cause when patients presented with neurologic symptoms. A subsequent report described 29 cases of enterovirus D68-associated acute flaccid myelitis in Europe in 2016, noting that "these probably represent only the tip of the iceberg." AFM is diagnosed by examining a patient’s nervous system in combination with reviewing images of the spinal cord. A doctor can examine a patient’s nervous system and the places on the body where he or she has weakness, poor muscle tone, and decreased reflexes. In addition, a doctor can do magnetic resonance imaging to look at a patient’s brain
Inflammation is characterized not only by development of profound immunodeficiency but also by sustained inflammation and immune activation. A substantial body of evidence implicates chronic inflammation as a critical driver of immune dysfunction, premature appearance of aging-related diseases, and immune deficiency. Many now regard HIV infection not only as an evolving virus-induced immunodeficiency but also as chronic inflammatory disease. Even after the introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and effective suppression of viremia in HIV-infected individuals, chronic inflammation persists. Animal studies also support the relationship between immune activation and progressive cellular immune deficiency: SIVsm infection of its natural nonhuman primate hosts,