Ernst Chladni at the understanding of electron orbitals. Since at least 1738, a musical instrument called a "Glasspiel" or "verrillon", created by filling beer glasses with varying amounts of water, was popular in Europe. The beer glasses were struck by wooden mallets shaped like spoons to produce "church and other solemn music". Benjamin Franklin was sufficiently impressed by a verrillon performance on a visit to London in 1757 that he created his own instrument, the glass armonica, in 1762. Franklin's armonica inspired several other instruments, including two created by Chladni. In 1791, Chladni invented the musical instrument called the "euphon" (not to
Social class in 18th-century Spain of the common people continued being very low due to maldistribution of resources. Much of what they could earn was taken in rent, other payments to the landowners, and debt payments (Lynch, p. 5). The worst living conditions for peasants were found in Andalucía, which contained the highest proportion of landless rural labourers ("jornaleros"). Here, the labourers survived only by the work of women and children, by searching for discarded food, and with the aid of charity. Social class in 18th-century Spain The social structure of Spain in the 18th century continued to be based upon nobility and peasantry. However,