Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma be predisposed to OPA. Most affected sheep show signs at 2 to 4 years of age. OPA is not a notifiable disease, and therefore it is difficult to assess its prevalence. OPA was first described in the UK in 1888, and described in detail in South Africa in 1891. The disease was initially known as "jaagsiekte" , a word derived from Afrikaans, meaning "chasing sickness," so called because animals are in respiratory distress as if they are out of breath from being chased. It has also been known as sheep pulmonary adenomatosis and ovine pulmonary carcinoma. OPA has been used
Alternatives to animal testing for "Safety Evaluation Ultimately Replacing Animal Testing". It is called "SEURAT-1" to indicate that more steps have to be taken before the final goal will be reached. SEURAT-1 will develop knowledge and technology building blocks required for the development of solutions for the replacement of current repeated dose systemic toxicity testing "in vivo" used for the assessment of human safety. SEURAT-1 is composed of six research projects, which started on January 1, 2011 and will run for five years. These projects will closely cooperate with a common goal and combine the research efforts of over 70 European universities, public research