Chess piece relative value value for the king is given, this is used when considering piece development, its power in the endgame, etc. World Correspondence Chess Champion Hans Berliner gives the following valuations, based on experience and computer experiments: There are adjustments for the rank and file of a pawn and adjustments for the pieces depending on how open or closed the position is. Bishops, rooks, and queens gain up to 10 percent more value in open positions and lose up to 20 percent in closed positions. Knights gain up to 50 percent in closed positions and lose up to 30 percent in the
When a white horse is not a horse ambiguity of whether "is" means: In other words, the expression "a white horse is not a horse" is ambiguous between "a white horse is not identical with a horse" (true, because "white horse" is more specific than "horse"), and "a white horse is not a member of the set of horses" (obviously false). The Advocate in the dialogue is asserting that "a white horse is not [identical with] a horse," while the Objector is interpreting the Advocate's statement as "a white horse is not [a member of the group of] horses." An illustration of the alternative uses of "fei" may