IC 418 IC 418 IC 418, also known as Spirograph Nebula, is a planetary nebula in the Milky Way Galaxy. The name derives from the intricate pattern of the nebula, which resembles a pattern which can be created using the Spirograph, a toy that produces geometric patterns (specifically, hypotrochoids and epitrochoids) on paper. Only a few million years ago, IC 418 was probably a common red giant star. Since running out of nuclear fuel, though, the outer envelope has begun expanding outward leaving a hot remnant core destined to become a white dwarf star. IC 418 lies about 3600 light-years away and
Cone of curves extremal rays of the cone cannot accumulate. If in addition the variety formula_1 is defined over a field of characteristic 0, we have the following assertion, sometimes referred to as the Contraction Theorem: 3. Let formula_48 be an extremal face of the cone of curves on which formula_33 is negative. Then there is a unique morphism formula_50 to a projective variety "Z", such that formula_51 and an irreducible curve formula_8 in formula_1 is mapped to a point by formula_54 if and only if formula_55. (See also: contraction morphism). Cone of curves In mathematics, the cone of curves (sometimes the Kleiman-Mori