Roux in Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, and Macedonian, () in Bulgarian, in Hungarian and in German. Japanese curry, or , is made from a roux made by frying yellow curry powder, butter or oil, and flour together. The French term has become a loanword in Japanese, , or more specifically . Roux ("meyane") has been used in Ottoman and Turkish cuisine since at least the 15th century. The fat is heated in a pot or pan, melting it if necessary. Then the flour is added. The mixture is heated and stirred until the flour is incorporated, and then cooked until at least
Wheat flour gluten, and pastry flour, which has slightly more gluten than cake flour. In terms of the parts of the grain (the grass fruit) used in flour—the endosperm or protein/starchy part, the germ or protein/fat/vitamin-rich part, and the bran or fiber part—there are three general types of flour. White flour is made from the endosperm only. Brown flour includes some of the grain's germ and bran, while whole grain or "wholemeal flour" is made from the entire grain, including the bran, endosperm, and germ. Germ flour is made from the endosperm and germ, excluding the bran. To produce refined ("white") wheat