Chess piece relative value value for the king is given, this is used when considering piece development, its power in the endgame, etc. World Correspondence Chess Champion Hans Berliner gives the following valuations, based on experience and computer experiments: There are adjustments for the rank and file of a pawn and adjustments for the pieces depending on how open or closed the position is. Bishops, rooks, and queens gain up to 10 percent more value in open positions and lose up to 20 percent in closed positions. Knights gain up to 50 percent in closed positions and lose up to 30 percent in the
History of chess armies, such as the Norman Conquest of England. Previously little known, chess became popular in Northern Europe when figure pieces were introduced. In the 14th century, Timur played an enlarged variation of the game which is commonly referred to as Tamerlane Chess. This complex game involved each pawn having a particular purpose, as well as additional pieces. The sides are conventionally called White and Black. But, in earlier European chess writings, the sides were often called Red and Black because those were the commonly available colors of ink when handwriting drawing a chess game layout. In such layouts, each piece