Northern rockhopper penguin mice ("Mus musculus") have been introduced into their environment by human sea expeditions. The mice have proven to be invasive, and consume northern rockhopper eggs, as well as hunt their young. In order to preserve the birds, a culling of the mice is being considered. The northern rockhopper penguin is classified as endangered because of the decline in numbers over the last three generations (or 30 years). Population Trends by Year and Island On March 16, 2011, the Maltese-registered freighter MS "Oliva" ran aground on Nightingale Island, spilling tons of heavy crude into the ocean. The crew was rescued, but
Northern rockhopper penguin drop in the population at Gough Island has been described as equivalent to the loss of 100 birds every day since the 1950s. A study published in 2009 showed that the world population of the northern rockhopper had declined by 90% since the 1950s, possibly because of climate change, changes in marine ecosystems and overfishing for squid and octopus by humans. Other possible factors in the decline include disturbance and pollution from ecotourism and fishing, egg-harvesting, and predation and competition from subantarctic fur seals ("Arctocephalus tropicalis"). Surveys show that the birds are at risk of infection by goose barnacles. House