Ovine rinderpest Ovine rinderpest Ovine rinderpest, also commonly known as peste des petits ruminants (PPR), is a contagious disease primarily affecting goats and sheep; however, camels and wild small ruminants can also be affected. PPR is currently present in North, Central, West and East Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. It is caused by "small ruminants morbillivirus" in the genus "Morbillivirus," and is closely related to, among others," rinderpest morbillivirus, measles morbillivirus", and "canine morbillivirus" (previously known as canine distemper virus). The disease is highly contagious, and can have a 80–100% mortality rate in acute cases in an epidemic setting. This
Animal studies Animal studies Animal studies is a recently recognized field in which animals are studied in a variety of cross-disciplinary ways. Scholars who engage in animal studies may be formally trained in a number of diverse fields, including geography, art history, anthropology, biology, film studies, geography, history, psychology, literary studies, museology, philosophy, communication, and sociology. They may engage with questions about literal animals, or about notions of "animality" or "brutality," employing various theoretical perspectives, including feminism, Marxist theory, and queer theory. Using these perspectives, those who engage in animal studies seek to understand both human-animal relations now and in the past,