Cordwainer recovered from discarded or repaired shoes. Today, many makers of bespoke shoes will also repair their own work, but shoe repairers are not normally in a position to manufacture new footwear. In London, the occupation of cordwainer was historically controlled by the guild of the Worshipful Company of Cordwainers. They were granted a royal charter of incorporation in 1439, but had received their first ordinance in 1272. The ward of the City of London named Cordwainer is historically where most cordwainers lived and worked. Until 2000, a Cordwainers' Technical College existed in London. For over a hundred years, the College
What Makes a Battle What Makes a Battle What Makes a Battle was a propaganda short produced by the US Army Pictoral Service in 1944. It documents the taking of the Marshall Islands while also encouraging increased war production. The film opens with the narrator asking "What makes a battle?" while the camera is focusing on shipments of industrial transports, "This is what it takes to make a battle." This statement sets up the dual nature of the entire film. War supplies are pouring in from every part of the country, from every type of American "Republican and Democrat, white and colored." Industrial production