Cryptorchidism (over 90% in some studies). Even after orchiopexy, these may also affect sperm maturation and motility at an older age. The most common diagnostic dilemma in otherwise normal boys is distinguishing a retractile testis from a testis that will not descend spontaneously into the scrotum. Retractile testes are more common than truly undescended testes and do not need to be operated on. In normal males, as the cremaster muscle relaxes or contracts, the testis moves lower or higher ("retracts") in the scrotum. This cremasteric reflex is much more active in infant boys than older men. A retractile testis high in
What the Tortoise Said to Achilles "B", and "Z" in his notebook, Achilles asks the Tortoise to accept the hypothetical: The Tortoise agrees to accept "C", if Achilles will write down what it has to accept in his notebook, making the new argument: But now that the Tortoise accepts premise "C", it still refuses to accept the expanded argument. When Achilles demands that "If you accept "A" and "B" and "C", you must accept "Z"," the Tortoise remarks that that's "another" hypothetical proposition, and suggests even if it accepts "C", it could still fail to conclude "Z" if it did not see the truth of: The