Cryptorchidism (over 90% in some studies). Even after orchiopexy, these may also affect sperm maturation and motility at an older age. The most common diagnostic dilemma in otherwise normal boys is distinguishing a retractile testis from a testis that will not descend spontaneously into the scrotum. Retractile testes are more common than truly undescended testes and do not need to be operated on. In normal males, as the cremaster muscle relaxes or contracts, the testis moves lower or higher ("retracts") in the scrotum. This cremasteric reflex is much more active in infant boys than older men. A retractile testis high in
Denial: Why Business Leaders Fail to Look Facts in the Face---and What to Do About It Denial: Why Business Leaders Fail to Look Facts in the Face---and What to Do About It Denial is a book by Richard S. Tedlow that highlights issues within business leadership. The book has two parts. The first portion highlights companies that have struggled to solve matters within their respective businesses while the second part features firms that successfully overcame obstacles. Some of these examples include matters within the Ford Motor Company and their need for product expansion as well as the DuPont Company in Delaware. The book was published in 2010 by Portfolio ( ) and, according to WorldCat, is