Spirograph Bruno Abakanowicz invented the Spirograph between 1881 and 1900. It was used for calculating an area delimited by curves. Drawing toys based on gears have been around since at least 1908, when "The Marvelous Wondergraph" was advertised in the Sears catalog. An article describing how to make a Wondergraph drawing machine appeared in the "Boys Mechanic" publication in 1913. The Spirograph itself was developed by the British engineer Denys Fisher, who exhibited at the 1965 Nuremberg International Toy Fair. It was subsequently produced by his company. US distribution rights were acquired by Kenner, Inc., which introduced it to the United
Fisher's geometric model Fisher's geometric model Fisher's geometric model (FGM) is an evolutionary model of the effect sizes and effect on fitness of spontaneous mutations proposed by Ronald Fisher to explain the distribution of effects of mutations that could contribute to adaptative evolution. Sometimes referred to as the Fisher-Orr model, Fisher's model addresses the problem of adaptation (and, to some extent, complexity), and continues to be a point of reference in contemporary research on the genetic and evolutionary consequences of pleiotropy. The model has two forms, a geometric formalism, and a microscope analogy. A microscope which has many knobs to adjust the lenses