Ovine rinderpest the implementation of this global plan. It is considered feasible to eradicate ovine rinderpest in 15 years. Ovine rinderpest Ovine rinderpest, also commonly known as peste des petits ruminants (PPR), is a contagious disease primarily affecting goats and sheep; however, camels and wild small ruminants can also be affected. PPR is currently present in North, Central, West and East Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. It is caused by "small ruminants morbillivirus" in the genus "Morbillivirus," and is closely related to, among others," rinderpest morbillivirus, measles morbillivirus", and "canine morbillivirus" (previously known as canine distemper virus). The disease is
Alternatives to animal testing Medical Experiments that despite the use of microdosing, "animal studies will still be required". Guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in testing are the Three Rs (3Rs) first described by Russell and Burch in 1959. These principles are now followed in many testing establishments worldwide. Cell culture can be an alternative to animal use in some cases. For example, cultured cells have been developed to create monoclonal antibodies; prior to this, production required animals to undergo a procedure likely to cause pain and distress. However, even though cell or tissue culture methods may reduce the number of experiments