Pollen a net like appearance consisting of elements (murus, muri) separated from each other by a lumen (plural lumina). The pollen wall protects the sperm while the pollen grain is moving from the anther to the stigma; it protects the vital genetic material from drying out and solar radiation. The pollen grain surface is covered with waxes and proteins, which are held in place by structures called sculpture elements on the surface of the grain. The outer pollen wall, which prevents the pollen grain from shrinking and crushing the genetic material during desiccation, is composed of two layers. These two layers
Spore (agricultural publication) publisher, CTA. Recent Special Issues have covered Climate Change (2015), Family Farming (2014), Structured Grain Trading (2013); Agricultural Value Chains (2012); Modernizing Farms (2011) and Population and Agriculture (2010). Issues from September 1997 (No. 72) to the present are available at the magazine's website . Issues 1-69 are available from . Spore (agricultural publication) Spore is a magazine published by the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation ACP-EU (CTA) in English and French. It covers a wide range of agricultural topics and is extensively distributed and widely reproduced throughout African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries and elsewhere. Originally known