Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae with population declines in several other wild caprinae, including the Norwegian muskox. "Mycoplasma" species are labile organisms which are easily destroyed by heat, dehydration, sunlight, and common disinfectants, so they do not survive for a long time outside the body of the animal. As of now, and with many "Mycoplasma" diseases, no protective immune responses have been achieved with the use of vaccines, though antibodies can be obtained. <br> Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is a species of "Mycoplasma" bacteria that most commonly inhabits and affects ovine animals. "M. ovipneumoniae" is a respiratory pathogen of domestic sheep, domestic goats, bighorn sheep,
Alternatives to animal testing organises an annual conference in Linz (Austria) for The World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences takes place every three years. The next conference (10th) will be held in September 2017 in Seattle. The 1st Latino-Americano Congress on Alternative to Animal Testing took place in 2012. Colama (I Congresso Latino-Americano De Metodos Alternativos Ao Uso De Animais No Ensino, Pesquisa E Industria). On January 1, 2013, EU Directive 2010/63/EU ""on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes"" entered into force for the EU Member States (MS),<ref name="DIRECTIVE 2010/63/EU"></ref> repealing Directive 86/609/EEC. Because it is a