Propolis season. Normally, it is dark brown in color, but it can be found in green, red, black, and white hues, depending on the sources of resin found in the particular hive area. Honey bees are opportunists, gathering what they need from available sources, and detailed analyses show that the chemical composition of propolis varies considerably from region to region, along with the vegetation. In northern temperate climates, for example, bees collect resins from trees, such as poplars and conifers (the biological role of resin in trees is to seal wounds and defend against bacteria, fungi and insects). "Typical" northern temperate
Glue semantics Glue semantics Glue semantics, or simply Glue (Dalrymple et al. 1993; Dalrymple 1999, 2001), is a linguistic theory of semantic composition and the syntax-semantics interface which assumes that meaning composition is constrained by a set of instructions stated within a formal logic (linear logic). These instructions, called "meaning constructors", state how the meanings of the parts of a sentence can be combined to provide the meaning of the sentence. Glue was developed as a theory of the syntax-semantics interface within the linguistic theory of lexical functional grammar, and most work within Glue has been conducted within that framework. LFG-Glue assumes