Shades of orange sometimes misspelled as "vermillion". Also known as "cinnabar" and in its deeper form known as "China red", vermilion is reddish orange, much like scarlet, only more orange than scarlet. It can be produced naturally (from the mineral cinnabar) and artificially. Cinnabar is a deep red-orange mineral, mercuric sulfide, HgS; the principal ore of mercury; the pigment vermilion is extracted from this ore. The web color "tomato" is a medium reddish-orange color that is the color of actual supermarket tomatoes. Many vine-ripened tomatoes are a bit redder. The color of tomato soup is slightly less saturated. The color "tomato" is displayed
Iron ore is bound in silicate or more rarely carbonate minerals. The thermodynamic barriers to separating pure iron from these minerals are formidable and energy intensive, therefore all sources of iron used by human industry exploit comparatively rarer iron oxide minerals, primarily hematite. Prior to the industrial revolution, most iron was obtained from widely available goethite or bog ore, for example during the American Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. Prehistoric societies used laterite as a source of iron ore. Historically, much of the iron ore utilized by industrialized societies has been mined from predominantly hematite deposits with grades of around 70% Fe.