Column (botany) the Orchidaceae family, unlike almost all other flowering plants, the single male anther at the tip of the "column" produces pollen that is not free and powdery but held in waxy masses of two, four or six pellets called pollinia. The transfer of "pollinia" from one flower to another, though highly efficient, is often reliant upon one particular species of arthropods and it can be catastrophic for the population if its pollinator disappears from the community. Column (botany) The column, or technically the gynostemium, is a reproductive structure that can be found in several plant families: Aristolochiaceae, Orchidaceae, and Stylidiaceae.
Coating substrate, such as paper, fabric, film, foil, or sheet stock. If the substrate starts and ends the process wound up in a roll, the process may be termed "roll-to-roll" or "web-based" coating. A roll of substrate, when wound through the coating machine, is typically called a web. Coatings may be applied as liquids, gases or solids. Coating processes may be classified as follows: Common roll-to-roll coating processes include: Coating A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, usually referred to as the substrate. The purpose of applying the coating may be decorative, functional, or