Chess piece relative value value for the king is given, this is used when considering piece development, its power in the endgame, etc. World Correspondence Chess Champion Hans Berliner gives the following valuations, based on experience and computer experiments: There are adjustments for the rank and file of a pawn and adjustments for the pieces depending on how open or closed the position is. Bishops, rooks, and queens gain up to 10 percent more value in open positions and lose up to 20 percent in closed positions. Knights gain up to 50 percent in closed positions and lose up to 30 percent in the
Evolution of the horse horse", "Orohippus" was not a true horse and did not live in the mountains. It resembled "Eohippus" in size, but had a slimmer body, an elongated head, slimmer forelimbs, and longer hind legs, all of which are characteristics of a good jumper. Although "Orohippus" was still pad-footed, the vestigial outer toes of "Eohippus" were not present in "Orohippus"; there were four toes on each fore leg, and three on each hind leg. The most dramatic change between "Eohippus" and "Orohippus" was in the teeth: the first of the premolar teeth were dwarfed, the last premolar shifted in shape and function