Evolutionary history of plants foliage consisted of fern-like fronds, although they were not closely related to ferns. The oldest fossil evidence of seed plants is of Late Devonian age, and they appear to have evolved out of an earlier group known as the progymnosperms. These early seed plants ranged from trees to small, rambling shrubs; like most early progymnosperms, they were woody plants with fern-like foliage. They all bore ovules, but no cones, fruit or similar. While it is difficult to track the early evolution of seeds, the lineage of the seed ferns may be traced from the simple trimerophytes through homosporous Aneurophytes. This
Pitcher Plants of the Old World field work that it involved: I prepared "Pitcher Plants of the Old World" in response to the lack of available information on dozens of species of "Nepenthes". Since many species of "Nepenthes" are not in cultivation, and also because there is often confusion concerning those that are, I resolved to study and photograph each species of "Nepenthes" and "Cephalotus" in the wild, in order to document each adequately. After graduating from university in 2006 at the age of 23, I began three years of intense research focusing on "Nepenthes" and "Cephalotus", and spent a cumulative total of eighteen months in