Anemometer beam exits reflect, or backscatter, the light back into a detector, where it is measured relative to the original laser beam. When the particles are in great motion, they produce a Doppler shift for measuring wind speed in the laser light, which is used to calculate the speed of the particles, and therefore the air around the anemometer. Ultrasonic anemometers, first developed in the 1950s, use ultrasonic sound waves to measure wind velocity. They measure wind speed based on the time of flight of sonic pulses between pairs of transducers. Measurements from pairs of transducers can be combined to yield
Banach measure Banach measure In mathematics, Banach measure in measure theory may mean a real-valued function on an algebra of all subsets of a set (for example, all subsets of the plane), by means of which a rigid, finitely additive area can be defined for every set, even when a set does not have a true geometric area. That is, this is a type of generalized measure getting around the phenomenon of non-measurable sets. However, as the Vitali set shows, it cannot be countably additive. A Banach measure on a set Ω is a finite measure μ ≠ 0 on P(Ω), the