Anemometer beam exits reflect, or backscatter, the light back into a detector, where it is measured relative to the original laser beam. When the particles are in great motion, they produce a Doppler shift for measuring wind speed in the laser light, which is used to calculate the speed of the particles, and therefore the air around the anemometer. Ultrasonic anemometers, first developed in the 1950s, use ultrasonic sound waves to measure wind velocity. They measure wind speed based on the time of flight of sonic pulses between pairs of transducers. Measurements from pairs of transducers can be combined to yield
Content (measure theory) by This is an outer measure, in other words it has the following properties: The function μ above is an outer measure on the family of all subsets. Therefore it becomes a measure when restricted to the measurable subsets for the outer measure, which are the subsets "E" such that μ("X") = μ("X"∩"E") + μ("X"\"E") for all subsets "X". If the space is locally compact then every open set is measurable for this measure. The measure μ does not necessarily coincide with the content λ on compact sets, However it does if λ is regular in the sense that for