Jerzy Zdrada Jerzy Zdrada Jerzy Zdrada (1936–present) is a Polish historian and politician. He is a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and a professor at the Jagiellonian University since 1993. As a historian, he specializes in the history of Poland in the 19th century. He was an activist of the Solidarity movement in communist Poland. After the fall of communism, he was a member of the Democratic Union (UD) and Freedom Union (UW) parties. He was a deputy to the Polish parliament (Sejm) from 1989 to 1997. Afterwards, he was a Deputy Minister in the cabinet of Jerzy Buzek (1997–2001).
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz was also a member of the Solidarity movement and editor of underground press materials. In 1992 he became a State Secretary (formal name for deputy minister) in the Ministry of National Education. From 1999 to 2000 he was the cabinet chief for Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek. Following the victory of the Law and Justice party in the September 2005 Polish parliamentary elections, its prime ministerial candidate, party leader Jarosław Kaczyński decided against becoming prime minister so as not to damage the chances of his twin brother, Lech Kaczyński in the then-upcoming October presidential election. Instead the little-known Marcinkiewicz became PM,