Sum of angles of a triangle The relation between angular defect and the triangle's area was first proven by Johann Heinrich Lambert. One can easily see how hyperbolic geometry breaks Playfair's axiom, Proclus' axiom (the parallelism, defined as non-intersection, is intransitive in an hyperbolic plane), the equidistance postulate (the points on one side of, and equidistant from, a given line do not form a line), and Pythagoras' theorem. A circle cannot have arbitrarily small curvature, so the three points property also fails. The sum of the angles can be arbitrarily small (but positive). For an ideal triangle, a generalization of hyperbolic triangles, this sum is equal
Geometric mean theorem Geometric mean theorem The right triangle altitude theorem or geometric mean theorem is a result in elementary geometry that describes a relation between the lengths of the altitude on the hypotenuse in a right triangle and the two line segments it creates on the hypotenuse. It states that the geometric mean of the two segments equals the altitude. If "h" denotes the altitude in a right triangle and "p" and "q" the segments on the hypotenuse then the theorem can be stated as: or in term of areas: The latter version yields a method to square a rectangle with ruler