John Bull the "blue and buff" scheme; this was used by supporters of Whig politics, which was part of what John Arbuthnot wished to deride when he created and designed the character. By the twentieth century, however, his waistcoat nearly always depicts a Union Flag, and his coat is generally dark blue. (Otherwise, however, his clothing still echoes the fashions of the Regency period.) He also wears a low topper (sometimes called a John Bull topper) on his head and is often accompanied by a bulldog. John Bull has been used in a variety of different ad campaigns over the years, and
John Arbuthnot was removed from his church, and John was there to take care of affairs when, in 1691, his father died. Arbuthnot went to London in 1691, where he is supposed to have supported himself by teaching mathematics (which had been his formal course of study). He lodged with William Pate, whom Swift knew and called a ""bel esprit"". He published "Of the Laws of Chance" in 1692, translated from Christiaan Huygens's "De ratiociniis in ludo aleae." This was the first work on probability published in English. The work, which applied the field of probability to common games, was a success,