Portugal–Spain relations of Enlightenment. Until then the word Spain (Hispânia) was only a geographic location referring exclusively to the Iberian peninsula. It was only in the constitution of 1812 that the name "Españas" (Spains) was adopted for the country along with the use of the title of "king of the Spains". The constitution of 1876 adopts for the first time the name "Spain" for the Spanish state and from then on the kings would use the title of "king of Spain". Portugal, Castille and Aragon were allies in the "Reconquista" in which they reconquered land from the Muslim Moors in the south
Commission v Portugal of Justice of the European Union held that the Portuguese law violated free movement of capital. Commission v Portugal Commission v Portugal (2010) C-171/08 is an EU law case, relevant for UK enterprise law, concerning European company law. Following a trend in cases such as "Commission v United Kingdom", and "Commission v Netherlands", it struck down public oversight, through golden shares of Portuguese telecommunications companies. In January 2008, the European Commission referred Portugal to the European Court of Justice because it considered that the special rights conferred on the State by its golden shares in Portugal Telecom (PT) discouraged investment