Reserve currency before the beginning of the worldwide credit crunch related recession and Eurozone crisis, which harmed the euro and slowed its adoption. Since 2009, the reserve currency use of the euro has continued to drop, down to 23.9 percent in 2013. The Dutch guilder was the "de facto" reserve currency in Europe in 17th and 18th centuries. The United Kingdom's pound sterling was the primary reserve currency of much of the world in the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. The emergence of the USA as an economic superpower, and the establishment of the U.S. Federal Reserve System
Reserve currency for a global reserve currency. Nevertheless, at the beginning of the 21st century, gold and crude oil were still priced in dollars, which helps export inflation and has brought complaints about OPEC's policies of managing oil quotas to maintain dollar price stability. In 2018 a new Reserve Currency Backed Token Exchange (RCBTE) rcbt exchange was announced by exchange CEO, John Ossenmacher, the RCBT facilitates issued tokens to be backed by Reserve Currencies. This system of secure digital backed tokens opens the door to a multiple reserve currency system. 17 April 2017. Some have proposed the use of the International Monetary