19 (song) Commentators, released a parodied version of the song as "N-N-Nineteen Not Out", about the England cricket team's (which at the time represented the entire geographical area of Great Britain) poor performance in test matches, with references to the team's disastrous 1984 home series against the West Indies in which captain David Gower had averaged 19. Manchester United used the "19" soundtrack to celebrate their 19th Premier League title in May 2011, and the song made a reappearance in the UK Top 40. 19 (song) "19" is a song by British musician Paul Hardcastle released as the first single from his
Historiography of the causes of World War I a pre-emptive "counterrevolutionary" strike by ruling elites in Europe to preserve their power. In a 1972 essay "World War I As a Galloping Gertie", the American historian Paul W. Schroeder blamed Britain for the First World War. Schroeder argued that the war was a "Galloping Gertie", that it got out of control, sucking the Great Powers into an unwanted war. Schroeder thought that the key to the European situation was what he claimed was Britain's "encirclement" policy directed at Austria-Hungary. Schroeder argued that British foreign policy was anti-German and even more anti-Austrian. Schroeder argued that because Britain never took Austria-Hungary