Bee consistency. Some solitary bees have advanced types of pollen-carrying structures on their bodies. A very few species of solitary bees are being cultured for commercial pollination. Most of these species belong to a distinct set of genera which are commonly known by their nesting behavior or preferences, namely: carpenter bees, sweat bees, mason bees, plasterer bees, squash bees, dwarf carpenter bees, leafcutter bees, alkali bees and digger bees. Most solitary bees nest in the ground in a variety of soil textures and conditions while others create nests in hollow reeds or twigs, holes in wood. The female typically creates a
Orchid mycorrhiza in response to stresses. This is unique in that it conflicts with the trends seen in most arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal symbioses which form associations with several fungi at the same time. The knowledge of species-specific fungal symbionts is crucial given the endangered status of many orchids around the world. The identification of their fungal symbionts could prove useful in the preservation and reintroduction of threatened orchids. Researchers in India have used samples from adult orchids to germinate seeds from an endangered orchid "Dactylorhiza hatagirea" which were found to associate closely with "Ceratobasidium." Orchid mycorrhiza Orchid mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships between