Jain monasticism Jain monasticism Jain monasticism refers to the order of monks and nuns in the Jain community. The term "nirgrantha" ("bondless") was used for Jain monks in the past. The monastic practices of two major sects ("Digambara" and "Śvētāmbara") vary greatly, but the major principles of both are identical. "Digambaras" use the word "" for male monastics and "aryika" for female monastics. "Digambara monks" are also called "nirgrantha" (without bonds). "Śvētāmbaras" use the word "sadhvi"s for female monastics. Historians believe that a united Jain "sangha" (community) existed before 367 BCE, about 160 years after the "moksha" (liberation) of Mahavira. The community
Religion in China Another name for this body of traditions is "Han Chinese Transmission of the Esoteric (or Mystery) Tradition" (汉传密宗 "Hànchuán Mìzōng", where "Mizong" is the Chinese for Vajrayana). Tangmi, together with the broader religious tradition of Tantrism (in Chinese: 怛特罗 "Dátèluō" or 怛特罗密教 "Dátèluó mìjiào"; which may include Hindu forms of religion) has undergone a revitalisation since the 1980s together with the overall revival of Buddhism. The Gateway of the Hidden Flower (华藏宗门 "Huácáng Zōngmén") and the True Awakening Tradition (真佛宗 "Zhēnfó Zōng") are two new Han Chinese movements within the Vajrayana, and are among the Buddhist sects which are officially