Evolutionary history of plants and radially symmetrical, is an integumented megasporangium surrounded by a cupule. The megasporangium bears an unopened distal extension protruding above the multilobed integument. It is suspected that the extension was involved in anemophilous pollination. "Runcaria" sheds new light on the sequence of character acquisition leading to the seed. "Runcaria" has all of the qualities of seed plants except for a solid seed coat and a system to guide the pollen to the ovule. The first spermatophytes (literally: "seed plants") – that is, the first plants to bear true seeds – are called pteridosperms: literally, "seed ferns", so called because their
Economics of nuclear power plants due to significantly lower labour rates. A 2008 study by former utility staffperson Craig A. Severance based on historical outcomes in the United States said costs for nuclear power can be expected to run $0.25–0.30 per kWh. A 2008 study concluded that if carbon capture and storage were required then nuclear power would be the cheapest source of electricity even at $4,038/kW in overnight capital cost. In 2009, MIT updated its 2003 study, concluding that inflation and rising construction costs had increased the overnight cost of nuclear power plants to about $4,000/kW, and thus increased the power cost to $0.084/kWh.