Cardinals created by Pius X Cardinals created by Pius X Pope Pius X () created 50 cardinals in seven consistories. Twenty of them were Italians. One of the cardinals he appointed became Pope Benedict XV. Pius created two cardinals at his first consistory, both officials of the Roman Curia. Launching his campaign to eliminate applause from religious celebrations, he was not carried into the consistory on the "sedia gestatoria" as was traditional. He arrived on foot wearing a cope and mitre at the end of the procession of prelates "almost hidden behind the double line of Palatine Guards through which he passed". Three cardinals created
Religion in the Soviet Union were traditionally responsible for maintaining synagogues. They created a special Jewish section of the party, whose tasks included propaganda against Jewish clergy and religion. To offset Jewish national and religious aspirations, and to reflect the Jewish national movement's role in the socialist movement of the Russian Empire (for example, Trotsky was first a member of the Jewish Bund, not the Social Democratic Labour Party), an alternative to the Land of Israel was established in 1934. The Jewish Autonomous Oblast, created in 1928 by Stalin, with Birobidzhan in the Russian Far East as its administrative center, was to become a "Soviet