Gentleman detective English country house. This archetype of British detective contrasts with the more "hardboiled" counterpart in American crime fiction. Gentlemen detectives appeared early in modern detective fiction, which began in the late 19th century. C. Auguste Dupin, created by Edgar Allan Poe, is widely considered to be the first fictional detective in English literature. He appeared in three short stories written in the 1840s: "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" (1841), "The Mystery of Marie Rogêt" (1842) and "The Purloined Letter" (1844). Poe created Dupin before the word "detective" had been coined, but began many common elements of detective fiction: Dupin
Dupin cyclide also used to refer to a more general class of quartic surfaces which are important in the theory of separation of variables for the Laplace equation in three dimensions. Dupin cyclides were investigated not only by Dupin, but also by A. Cayley und J.C. Maxwell. Today, Dupin cylides are used in computer-aided design (CAD), because cyclide patches have rational representations and are suitable for blending canal surfaces (cylinder, cones, tori, and others). There are several equivalent definitions of Dupin cyclides. In formula_1, they can be defined as the images under any inversion of tori, cylinders and double cones. This shows