Etruscan numerals whether the numbers on opposite faces of Etruscan dice add up to seven, like nowadays. Some dice found did not show this proposed pattern. An aspect of the Etruscan numeral system is that some numbers, as in the Roman system, are represented as partial subtractions. So "17" is not written *"semφ-śar" as users of the Arabic numerals might reason. One instead finds "ci-em zaθrum", literally "three from twenty". The numbers 17, 18 and 19 are all written in this way. The general agreement among Etruscologists nowadays is the following (except about which of huθ and śa were "four" or "six",
Nontransitive dice of . Efron's dice are a set of four nontransitive dice invented by Bradley Efron. The four dice A, B, C, D have the following numbers on their six faces: Each die is beaten by the previous die in the list, with a probability of : B's value is constant; A beats it on rolls because four of its six faces are higher. Similarly, B beats C with a probability because only two of C's faces are higher. P(C>D) can be calculated by summing conditional probabilities for two events: The total probability of win for C is therefore With a