Papal regalia and insignia authority. Modern popes bear the Papal ferula, a staff topped by a crucifix, rather than a crozier, a bent pastoral staff styled after a shepherd's crook. The use of the papal ferula is an ancient custom, established before the thirteenth century, though some popes since that time, notably Pope Leo XIII, have used a crozier-like staff. The use of other items of papal regalia has been discontinued, though they have not been abolished. The "Sedia gestatoria", a portable throne or armchair carried by twelve footmen ("palafrenieri") in red uniforms was accompanied by two attendants bearing the "flabella", large ceremonial fans
Ekaterina Sedia List. The scenes in this book reminded readers of the September 11th attacks. The book was praised for its imagery and great sense of emotion. She is the associate professor of biology at Stockton University, in Galloway, New Jersey. Sedia has specialized in the different characteristics of the New Jersey Pinelands and how the population of lichens, mosses, and grasses affect the forests and the succession of the forest. She coauthored an influential paper on the differential effects of lichens, mosses, and grasses on respiration and nitrogen mineralization, how it promotes an alternate plant community, and decomposition of litter in