Triangle center Since rotations and translations may be regarded as double reflections they too must preserve triangle centers. These invariance properties provide justification for the definition. Some other names for dilation are uniform scaling, isotropic scaling, homothety, and homothecy. The study of triangle centers traditionally is concerned with Euclidean geometry, but triangle centers can also be studied in hyperbolic geometry. Using gyrotrigonometry, expressions for trigonometric barycentric coordinates can be calculated that have the same form for both Euclidean and hyperbolic geometry. In order for the expressions to coincide, the expressions must "not" encapsulate the specification of the angle sum being 180 degrees.
Degrees of freedom (statistics) vector (made up of "n" − 1 degrees of freedom within each of the populations). In statistical testing problems, one usually isn't interested in the component vectors themselves, but rather in their squared lengths, or Sum of Squares. The degrees of freedom associated with a sum-of-squares is the degrees-of-freedom of the corresponding component vectors. The three-population example above is an example of one-way Analysis of Variance. The model, or treatment, sum-of-squares is the squared length of the second vector, with 2 degrees of freedom. The residual, or error, sum-of-squares is with 3("n"−1) degrees of freedom. Of course, introductory books on