Cup of the Ptolemies understanding, also referred to as "un-naming", seems to have been a way for pagan artifacts to be reused for Christian purposes. The cup was probably made in Alexandria, Egypt. It was once thought to date back to the Hellenistic period, c. 250 BC, but is now regarded as dating to the 1st century AD. Its supposed connection with the Ptolemies dates back to 1644, when the historian Jean Tristan de Saint-Amant argued that the vase was made for the funeral processions of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 285 until 246 BC. Later, the scholar
Monarchs, Rulers, Dynasties and Kingdoms of the World locating exactly what is sought. Monarchs, Rulers, Dynasties and Kingdoms of the World Monarchs, Rulers, Dynasties and Kingdoms of the World: An Encyclopaedic Guide to More Than 13,000 Rulers and 1,000 Dynasties from 3000 BC to the 20th Century is a non-fiction work by R.F. Tapsell, published in 1983. It is a comprehensive record of kings, queens, sultans, and emperors all in a single volume. It includes many dynasties that are rarely described except in advanced studies of individual countries or regions. The relationship of each monarch to his or her predecessor is provided which enables the reader to construct