Anemometer have accurate wind data under all conditions, including freezing precipitation. Anemometry is also required in monitoring and controlling the operation of wind turbines, which in cold environments are prone to in-cloud icing. Icing alters the aerodynamics of an anemometer and may entirely block it from operating. Therefore, anemometers used in these applications must be internally heated. Both cup anemometers and sonic anemometers are presently available with heated versions. In order for wind speeds to be comparable from location to location, the effect of the terrain needs to be considered, especially in regard to height. Other considerations are the presence of
Complete measure Naïvely, we would take the "σ"-algebra on R to be "B" ⊗ "B", the smallest "σ"-algebra containing all measurable "rectangles" "A" × "A" for "A" ∈ "B". While this approach does define a measure space, it has a flaw. Since every singleton set has one-dimensional Lebesgue measure zero, for "any" subset "A" of R. However, suppose that "A" is a non-measurable subset of the real line, such as the Vitali set. Then the "λ"-measure of {0} × "A" is not defined, but and this larger set does have "λ"-measure zero. So, this "two-dimensional Lebesgue measure" as just defined is not