Anemometer beam exits reflect, or backscatter, the light back into a detector, where it is measured relative to the original laser beam. When the particles are in great motion, they produce a Doppler shift for measuring wind speed in the laser light, which is used to calculate the speed of the particles, and therefore the air around the anemometer. Ultrasonic anemometers, first developed in the 1950s, use ultrasonic sound waves to measure wind velocity. They measure wind speed based on the time of flight of sonic pulses between pairs of transducers. Measurements from pairs of transducers can be combined to yield
Cylinder set measure "γ" is the standard Gaussian measure on R. The canonical Gaussian cylinder set measure on an infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space "H" does not correspond to a true measure on "H". The proof is quite simple: the ball of radius "r" (and center 0) has measure at most equal to that of the ball of radius "r" in an "n"-dimensional Hilbert space, and this tends to 0 as "n" tends to infinity. So the ball of radius "r" has measure 0; as the Hilbert space is a countable union of such balls it also has measure 0, which is a contradiction.