Egyptians the Copts, became dhimmis. In time the power of the Arabs waned throughout the Islamic Empire so that in the 10th century, the Turkish Ikhshids were able to take control of Egypt and made it an independent political unit from the rest of the empire. Egyptians continued to live socially and politically separate from their foreign conquerors, but their rulers like the Ptolemies before them were able to stabilize the country and bring renewed economic prosperity. It was under the Shiite Fatimids from the 10th to the 12th centuries that Muslim Egyptian institutions began to take form along with the
Rulers of the Hawaiian Islands ivory tooth carved for the use of the ruling chiefs. It would be worn, suspended by finely coiled human hair and, when worn, is called a "lei niho palaoa". The royal standard of the ali‘i was the kāhili, a symbol of the ruling chiefs. It was a stem of bundled feathers that were carried by attendants. Rulers of the Hawaiian Islands The rulers of the Hawaiian islands ("noho aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina") are a line of native Hawaiians who were independent rulers of various subdivisions of the land and islands of Hawaii. Their genealogy is traced to Hānalaʻanui