House of Commons of England House of Stuart came to the English throne in 1603. The first two Stuart monarchs, James I and Charles I, provoked conflicts with the Commons over issues such as taxation, religion, and royal powers. The differences between Charles I and Parliament were great, and resulted in the English Civil War, in which the armed forces of Parliament were victorious. In December 1648 the House of Commons was purged by the New Model Army, which was supposed to be subservient to Parliament. Pride's Purge was the only military coup in English history. Subsequently, King Charles I was beheaded and the Upper
Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada) Speaker is also responsible for the management of the entire House of Commons campus, and the 2,000 individuals who work there. In 2015 Speaker Andrew Scheer managed a budget of $414 million. The term "Speaker" originates from the British parliamentary tradition. The French term now used in Canada is "Président" (president, chairperson, or presiding officer); the term "Orateur," a calque (literal translation) of "Speaker" and formerly the term used in France for the Speaker of the British House of Commons, was used until a few decades ago. By convention, Speakers are normally addressed in Parliament as "Mister Speaker", for a