Exterior angle theorem sum of angles of a triangle is 180°. If it is known that the sum of the measures of the angles in a triangle is 180°, then the HSEAT is proved as follows: On the other hand, if the HSEAT is taken as a true statement then: Proving that the sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180°. The Euclidean proof of the HSEAT (and simultaneously the result on the sum of the angles of a triangle) starts by constructing the line parallel to side "AB" passing through point "C" and then using the properties of
Degrees of freedom (statistics) vector (made up of "n" − 1 degrees of freedom within each of the populations). In statistical testing problems, one usually isn't interested in the component vectors themselves, but rather in their squared lengths, or Sum of Squares. The degrees of freedom associated with a sum-of-squares is the degrees-of-freedom of the corresponding component vectors. The three-population example above is an example of one-way Analysis of Variance. The model, or treatment, sum-of-squares is the squared length of the second vector, with 2 degrees of freedom. The residual, or error, sum-of-squares is with 3("n"−1) degrees of freedom. Of course, introductory books on