Ultimate fate of the universe eventually stops the expansion of the universe, after which it starts to contract until all matter in the universe collapses to a point, a final singularity termed the "Big Crunch", the opposite of the Big Bang. Some new modern theories assume the universe may have a significant amount of dark energy, whose repulsive force may be sufficient to cause the expansion of the universe to continue forever—even if formula_5. If formula_7, the geometry of space is open, i.e., negatively curved like the surface of a saddle. The angles of a triangle sum to less than 180 degrees, and lines that
Internal and external angles simple polygon and a line extended from an adjacent side. The interior angle concept can be extended in a consistent way to crossed polygons such as star polygons by using the concept of directed angles. In general, the interior angle sum in degrees of any closed polygon, including crossed (self-intersecting) ones, is then given by 180("n"–2"k")° where "n" is the number of vertices and the non-negative number "k" is the number of total revolutions of 360° one undergoes walking around the perimeter of the polygon. In other words, 360"k"° represents the sum of all the exterior angles. For example, for