Dice hand; they are thus a crude form of hardware random number generator. Perhaps to mitigate concerns that the pips on the faces of certain styles of dice cause a small bias, casinos use precision dice with flush markings. Common dice are small cubes most commonly across, whose faces are numbered from one to six, usually by patterns of round dots called pips. (While the use of Arabic numerals is occasionally seen, such dice are less common.) Opposite sides of a modern die traditionally add up to seven, implying that the 1, 2 and 3 faces share a vertex. The faces
Nontransitive dice the same average roll. For example, These variant dice are useful, e.g., to introduce students to different ways of comparing random variables (and how only comparing averages may overlook essential details). A set of four dice using all of the numbers 1 through 24 can be made to be nontransitive. With adjacent pairs, one die's probability of winning is 2/3. For rolling high number, B beats A, C beats B, D beats C, A beats D. These dice are basically the same as Efron's dice, as each number of a series of successive numbers on a single die can all