Anemometer beam exits reflect, or backscatter, the light back into a detector, where it is measured relative to the original laser beam. When the particles are in great motion, they produce a Doppler shift for measuring wind speed in the laser light, which is used to calculate the speed of the particles, and therefore the air around the anemometer. Ultrasonic anemometers, first developed in the 1950s, use ultrasonic sound waves to measure wind velocity. They measure wind speed based on the time of flight of sonic pulses between pairs of transducers. Measurements from pairs of transducers can be combined to yield
Lebesgue measure not have some curious properties which causes a discrepancy in the measure of another set when formula_6 is used as a "mask" to "clip" that set, hinting at the existence of sets for which the Lebesgue outer measure does not give the Lebesgue measure. (Such sets are, in fact, not Lebesgue-measurable.) The Lebesgue measure on R has the following properties: All the above may be succinctly summarized as follows: The Lebesgue measure also has the property of being "σ"-finite. A subset of R is a "null set" if, for every ε > 0, it can be covered with countably many