Paul Hardcastle Paul Hardcastle Paul Louis Hardcastle is a British composer, musician, producer, songwriter, radio presenter, and multi-instrumentalist. He is best known for his song "19", which went to number 1 in the UK Singles Chart in 1985. Born in Kensington in London in 1957, he is the son of Joyce ("née" Everett, 1930–1991) and Louis Hardcastle (1915–2000). Hardcastle achieved some success with his early singles, including the 1984 electro-funk/freestyle/instrumental track, "Rain Forest", which along with the track "Sound Chaser", reached number two on the dance chart. "Rain Forest" also hit number five on the soul chart and number fifty-seven on the
Historiography of the causes of World War I a pre-emptive "counterrevolutionary" strike by ruling elites in Europe to preserve their power. In a 1972 essay "World War I As a Galloping Gertie", the American historian Paul W. Schroeder blamed Britain for the First World War. Schroeder argued that the war was a "Galloping Gertie", that it got out of control, sucking the Great Powers into an unwanted war. Schroeder thought that the key to the European situation was what he claimed was Britain's "encirclement" policy directed at Austria-Hungary. Schroeder argued that British foreign policy was anti-German and even more anti-Austrian. Schroeder argued that because Britain never took Austria-Hungary