John, King of England Winter", set in 1183, commonly present him as an "effete weakling", in this instance contrasted with the more masculine Henry II, or as a tyrant, as in A. A. Milne's poem for children, "King John's Christmas". John, King of England John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216), also known as John Lackland, was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. John lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of
Máel Coluim, son of the king of the Cumbrians of Strathclyde. The twelfth-century "Chronicon ex chronicis" identifies him as a "son of the king of the Cumbrians" (). He was likely closely related to—and possibly descended from—Owain Foel, King of Strathclyde (fl. 1018), a monarch attested in 1018 assisting the Scots against the Northumbrians at the Battle of Carham. Not only is the fate of Owain Foel uncertain following this Scottish victory, so too is the fate of the Cumbrian kingdom. In 1054, the Kingdom of Alba was invaded by Siward, Earl of Northumbria (died 1055) in an campaign noted by the ninth- to twelfth-century "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". According to