Fidelio by Ferdinando Paer (a score of which was owned by Beethoven). Beethoven published the 1806 libretto and, in 1810, a vocal score under the title "Leonore", and the current convention is to use the name "Leonore" for both the 1805 (three-act) and 1806 (two-act) versions and "Fidelio" only for the final 1814 revision. The first version with a three-act German libretto adapted by Joseph Sonnleithner from the French of Jean-Nicolas Bouilly premiered at the Theater an der Wien on 20 November 1805, with additional performances the following two nights. The success of these performances was hindered by the fact that
The Composer Glinka Ivan Susanin. Tsar Nicholas I change the name of the opera to "A Life for the Tsar" and assigns a librettist - Baron Rosen. Acquaintance with the future co-author shocked Glinka: Rosen speaks Russian with a noticeable German accent. The premiere was successful, but Glinka was still not entirely happy with the libretto: "False words were written by Rosen". When Nicholas I learned that "Ruslan and Lyudmila" was written on Pushkin's subject, he sees it as sedition. The bitter experience of the composer brighten his supporters. 1953 Locarno International Film Festival The Composer Glinka Kompozitor Glinka (; English literal translation,