Karma in Jainism Svetambara and Digambara sects agree on the basic doctrine, giving indication that it reached in its present form before the schism took place. Bhadrabahu is usually seen as the last leader of united Jain sangh. Detailed codification of types of karma and their effects were attested by Umasvati who is regarded by both Digambara and Svetambara as one of theirs. Jain and Buddhist scholar Padmanabh Jaini observes: With regards to the influence of the theory of karma on development of various religious and social practices in ancient India, Dr. Padmanabh Jaini states: The Jain socio-religious practices like regular fasting, practicing
Freedom of religion in Pakistan since June 2013. On 23 September 2009, the United States House of Representatives introduced a "House Resolution 764" which calls on Pakistan to restore religious freedom in the country where Hindus, Christians, Ahmadiyyas and Bahai's (the religions mentioned by name) are subjugated. The resolution was introduced by Representative Chris Smith. As of December 2016, the resolution failed. Freedom of religion in Pakistan Freedom of religion in Pakistan is guaranteed by the Constitution of Pakistan for individuals of various religions and religious sects. Pakistan gained independence in 1947 and was founded upon the concept of Two-nation theory. At the time of