Siddhachakra Siddhachakra results in freedom from the cycles of life within a universal 'wheel' known as nirvana. It also means a 'circle of perfection'. "Navapada" means 'nine petals' in reference to the centre of the yantra, while "Navadevta" means 'nine deities'. It is also described as a 'saint wheel'. The two major sects of Jainism, Svetambara and Digambara, differ in their concept of "Siddhachakra". The first five deities, known as the "Panch Parmeshthi" (five supreme beings) are the same in both traditions while the other four are different. They were traditionally known as Navapada in the Svetambara tradition and Navadevta in
Digambara Patra to determine adulteration of petroleum fuel which itself is a serious problem in South Asia. They attributed that the presence of extensive inner filter effects and resonance energy transfer in petroleum fuels are the major causes of the distinctive characteristics of these spectra in adulterated samples. Together both the authors later on developed total synchronous fluorescence scan spectra to understand petroleum products and showed that total synchronous fluorescence scan profile is different from excitation emission matrix fluorescence. Digambara along with his collaborator Dr. Rohit Kumar Rana at Indian Institute of Chemical Technology designed a new type of microcapsule-embedded fluorescent molecule