History of botany scope of the subject as technology has opened up new techniques and areas of study. Modern molecular systematics, for example, entails the principles and techniques of taxonomy, molecular biology, computer science and more. Within botany there are a number of sub-disciplines that focus on particular plant groups, each with their own range of related studies (anatomy, morphology etc.). Included here are: phycology (algae), pteridology (ferns), bryology (mosses and liverworts) and palaeobotany (fossil plants) and their histories are treated elsewhere (see side bar). To this list can be added mycology, the study of fungi, which were once treated as plants, but
Pitcher Plants of the Old World field work that it involved: I prepared "Pitcher Plants of the Old World" in response to the lack of available information on dozens of species of "Nepenthes". Since many species of "Nepenthes" are not in cultivation, and also because there is often confusion concerning those that are, I resolved to study and photograph each species of "Nepenthes" and "Cephalotus" in the wild, in order to document each adequately. After graduating from university in 2006 at the age of 23, I began three years of intense research focusing on "Nepenthes" and "Cephalotus", and spent a cumulative total of eighteen months in