Anemometer have accurate wind data under all conditions, including freezing precipitation. Anemometry is also required in monitoring and controlling the operation of wind turbines, which in cold environments are prone to in-cloud icing. Icing alters the aerodynamics of an anemometer and may entirely block it from operating. Therefore, anemometers used in these applications must be internally heated. Both cup anemometers and sonic anemometers are presently available with heated versions. In order for wind speeds to be comparable from location to location, the effect of the terrain needs to be considered, especially in regard to height. Other considerations are the presence of
Convergence in measure formula_14, "μ" be Lebesgue measure, and "f" the constant function with value zero. (The first five terms of which are formula_19) converges to "0" globally in measure; but for no "x" does "f(x)" converge to zero. Hence "(f)" fails to converge to "f" almost everywhere. There is a topology, called the topology of (local) convergence in measure, on the collection of measurable functions from "X" such that local convergence in measure corresponds to convergence on that topology. This topology is defined by the family of pseudometrics where In general, one may restrict oneself to some subfamily of sets "F" (instead