Pomology Charles were prominent in Pomology and Horticulture, producing "The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America" (1845). The introduction of new varieties required exact depiction of the fruit so that plant breeders could accurately document and disseminate their research results. Since the use of scientific photography was not widespread in the late 19th Century, USDA commissioned artists to create watercolor illustrations of newly introduced cultivars. Many of the watercolors were used for lithographic reproductions in USDA publications, such as the "Report of the Pomologist" and the "Yearbook of Agriculture". Today, the collection of approximately 7,700 watercolors is preserved in the National
What Is History? art. Though Carr conceded that historians cannot predict exact events in the future, he argued that historical generalizations can supply information useful to understanding both the present and the future. Carr argued that since scientists are not purely neutral observers, but have a reciprocal relationship with the objects under their study just like historians, that this supported identifying history with the sciences rather than the arts. Likewise, Carr contended that history like science has no moral judgements, which in his opinion supports the identification of history as a science. Carr was well known for his assertions in "What Is History?"