Saturn's hexagon change in season. These changes were observed by the Cassini spacecraft. One hypothesis, developed at Oxford University, is that the hexagon forms where there is a steep latitudinal gradient in the speed of the atmospheric winds in Saturn's atmosphere. Similar regular shapes were created in the laboratory when a circular tank of liquid was rotated at different speeds at its centre and periphery. The most common shape was six sided, but shapes with three to eight sides were also produced. The shapes form in an area of turbulent flow between the two different rotating fluid bodies with dissimilar speeds. A
Peptide plane flipping Peptide plane flipping Peptide plane flipping is a type of conformational change that can occur in proteins by which the dihedral angles of adjacent amino acids undergo large-scale rotations with little displacement of the side chains. The plane flip is defined as a rotation of the dihedral angles φ,ψ at amino acids "i" and "i+1" such that the resulting angles remain in structurally stable regions of Ramachandran space. The key requirement is that the "sum" of the ψ angle of residue "i" and the φ angle of residue "i+1" remain roughly constant; in effect, the flip is a crankshaft move