Xingu River ray mostly brownish-dusky (large white center to underparts of "P. henlei"). Compared to "P. albimaculata", "P. leopoldi" has fewer and larger yellowish-white spots above. Xingu River ray The Xingu River ray, white-blotched river stingray, or polka-dot stingray ("Potamotrygon leopoldi") is a species of freshwater fish in the family Potamotrygonidae. It is endemic to the Xingu River basin in Brazil and prefers rocky bottoms. It is sometimes kept in aquaria. "P. leopoldi" reaches up to in disc width, in total length and in weight. Females grow larger than males. It is closely related to the similar "P. henlei" from the Tocantins River
Xingu peoples European slavers arrived in the Xingu region around 1750. Xinuguano population was estimated in the tens of thousands but was dramatically reduced by diseases and slavery by Europeans. In the centuries since the penetration of the Europeans into South America, the Xingu fled from different regions to escape modernization and cultural assimilation. Nonetheless settlers made it up as far as the upper run of the Rio Xingu. By the end of the 19th century, about 3,000 natives lived at the Alto Xingu, where their current political status has kept them protected against European intruders. By the mid twentieth century this