Treaty of Guarantee (1960) Treaty of Guarantee (1960) The Treaty of Guarantee is a treaty between the Republic of Cyprus, Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland promulgated in 1960. Article I bans Cyprus from participating in any political union or economic union with any other state. Article II requires the other parties to guarantee the independence, territorial integrity and security of Cyprus. Article IV reserves the right of the guarantor powers to take action to re-establish the current state of affairs in Cyprus, a provision which was used as justification for the Turkish invasion of 1974. The treaty
African Independence Party African Independence Party African Independence Party (in French: "Parti Africain de l'Indépendance") was a communist party in French West Africa (AOF). PAI was founded in Thiès, Senegal in 1957. Later as AOF was dissolved into independent countries the local PAI sections became independent parties, often keeping the name PAI. PAI was the first party in AOF to unequivocally demand independence from French rule. In Senegal PAI was banned on August 1, 1960. In Senegal the following parties trace/traced their origin back to PAI: In Upper Volta/Burkina Faso PAI was established in 1963. PAI attained importance through its mass front Patriotic