Olympic Charter Games are competitions between athletes in individual or team events and not between countries. Article 8: The Olympic symbol consists of five interlocking rings which, from left to right are blue, yellow, black, green and red. This chapter outlines the membership, meetings, and guiding doctrines of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Chapter 3 discusses the role of International Federations (IFs) in the Olympic movement. IFs are international non-governmental organisations that administer to sports at the world level and encompass organisations administering such sports at the national level. For each sport that is part of the Olympic Games, an International Federation
Colonialism and the Olympic Games for a lack of consultation and the spectacular display of indigenous people in the closing ceremony. Sport scholar Christine O'Bonsawin explains how "Montreal organizers strategically included indigenous people and imagery in the closing ceremony at a time when Canadian indigenous and government relations were operating under heightened tensions." She is referring to then Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's 1969 Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy (also called the White Paper), which was perceived by some Canadian indigenous people as a further attempt at assimilation. O'Bonsawin describes how amid these tensions the Montreal Olympic Games' closing ceremony employed indigenous