Euclid and his Modern Rivals Euclid and his Modern Rivals Euclid and his Modern Rivals is a mathematical book published in 1879 by the English mathematician Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832–1898), better known under his literary pseudnym "Lewis Carroll". It considers the pedagogic merit of thirteen contemporary geometry textbooks, demonstrating how each in turn is either inferior to or functionally identical to Euclid's "Elements". In it Dodgson supports using Euclid's geometry textbook "The Elements" as the geometry textbook in schools against more modern geometry textbooks that were replacing it, advocated by the Association for the Improvement of Geometrical Teaching, satirized in the book as the "Association
George Dodgson Callow 1863 and "Coastal Scene, Isle of Wight" in 1864. He appears to have specialised in landscapes and maritime painting. He was married to Katherine Elston in 1866. The couple are not known to have had any children. He died in 1875. His work is included in a number of public collections in the United Kingdom, including Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art and Brighton and Hove Museum and Art Gallery. George Dodgson Callow George Dodgson Callow (1829–1875) was an English painter who specialized in landscapes and maritime water color painting. Callow was born in Liverpool in 1829; according to the Parish