Official language of privately owned TV-channels must be translated into Russian (a similar privilege is granted to Arabic), warnings must be translated to several languages, signs are mostly trilingual (Hebrew, Arabic and English), and the government supports Yiddish and Ladino culture (alongside Hebrew culture and Arabic culture). The Constitution of Latvia (or Satversme) designated Latvian as the state language. In 2012 there was initiative to hold a referendum on constitutional amendments, elevating Russian as a state language. Kristīne Jarinovska in her analysis describes the proposal in the following way: It proposed several constitutional amendments for introducing Russian as Latvia's second official language—i.e.,
Commission of the Lithuanian Language Commission of the Lithuanian Language The State Commission of the Lithuanian Language () is the official language regulating body of the Lithuanian language. The Language Commission was put in operation in 1961 as a non-governmental entity under the auspices of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Now, it is a state-run institution, founded under the auspices of the Seimas (parliament) of Lithuania. The mandate of the Commission comprises not only regulation and standardisation of the language, but also implementation of the official language status. Commission decrees on linguistic issues are compulsory by law to all companies, agencies, institutions, and the media