Criticism of religion developed from the 17th century onwards. For example, in Asia, no one before the 19th century self-identified as a "Hindu" or other similar identities. With the existence of diverse modern categories of religion such as monotheism, polytheism, pantheism, nontheism and diverse specific religions such as Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Taoism, Buddhism and many others, it is not always clear to whom the criticisms are aimed at or to what extent they are applicable to other religions. Some criticisms of monotheistic religions have been: Dennett and Harris have asserted that theist religions and their scriptures are not divinely inspired, but man made
Psychology of religion He also describes four major stances toward religion that have been adopted by psychotherapists in their work with clients, which he calls the religiously "rejectionist", "exclusivist", "constructivist", and "pluralist" stances. James Hillman, at the end of his book "Re-Visioning Psychology", reverses James' position of viewing religion through psychology, urging instead that we view psychology as a variety of religious experience. He concludes: "Psychology as religion implies imagining all psychological events as effects of Gods in the soul." Julian Jaynes, primarily in his book "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind", proposed that religion (and some other