Brownish elaenia the Xingu River in the south of Pará state, North Region, Brazil; it ranges upstream on the Xingu for 700 km, then a tributary to the west of the Xingu, the Rio Iriri, for another 700 km. The next upstream tributary for the bird's range, is the Madeira River in the Amazon Basin's southwest, Amazonas state. The range proceeds 2400 km upstream into the headwaters of the Madeira in northern Bolivia. To the west the brownish elaenia's range continues as the Amazon River becomes the Marañón River and proceeds to the headwaters in northern Peru; this is also along the
Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests its valuable trees, and many native fauna and flora have become locally extinct. Large-scale mining near Marabá and elsewhere have directly affected the environment, and demand large quantities of wood to run the smelters. During the period from 2004 to 2011 the ecoregion experienced an annual rate of habitat loss of 0.94%. Global warming will force tropical species to migrate uphill to find areas with suitable temperature and rainfall. Low, flat, deforested ecoregions such as the Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests are extremely vulnerable. Conservation units include the Tapirapé Biological Reserve and Tapirapé-Aquiri National Forest. Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests The Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests