Science Advisor to the President War II by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Vannevar Bush chaired this office through Roosevelt's death in 1945, and continued under Roosevelt's successor Harry S. Truman until 1951. After the war, President Harry S. Truman replaced the OSRD with the Science Advisory Committee in 1951. The office was moved to the White House on November 21, 1957, by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to provide advice and recommendation in response to the Space Race started by the USSR's launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, Sputnik 1. President Richard M. Nixon eliminated the PSAC in 1973, rather than appointing a replacement for
Seal of the Vice President of the United States change. In 1948 a new Vice President would be elected, and during the fall an executive order was prepared to prescribe the new seal and flag for the office. It was suggested to delay the order until after the election, so accordingly President Truman issued on November 10, 1948, which officially defined the Vice Presidential seal for the first time (a 1936 executive order had defined a Vice Presidential flag, but not the seal). The design was still a variation on the U.S. coat of arms and therefore the presidential seal, but was made to be distinctly different. While the