Worcestershire sauce encyclopaedist Pliny the Elder writes in his "Historia Naturalis" and the fourth/fifth-century Roman culinary text Apicius includes garum in its recipes. The use of similar fermented anchovy sauces in Europe can be traced back to the 17th century. The Lea & Perrins brand was commercialised in 1837 and has continued to be the leading global brand of Worcestershire sauce. The origin of the Lea & Perrins recipe is unclear. The packaging originally stated that the sauce came "from the recipe of a nobleman in the county". The company has also claimed that "Lord Marcus Sandys, ex-Governor of Bengal" encountered it
Chaudfroid sauce Madeira wine, which is cooked and reduced to a sauce consistency. Some simpler preparations of chaudfroid sauce omit the use of meat, and these can be prepared as a brown sauce, a white sauce and as a red sauce using tomato purée. A simpler preparation of chaudfroid sauce without the use of meat can be made by using espagnole sauce, adding ingredients such as aspic jelly, gelatin, cream and sherry to it, and cooking the mixture. Another simpler preparation technique that lacks meat involves the use of allemande sauce or velouté sauce and other ingredients. A sweet version of chaudfroid