Irish dance (typically the top half of dancers graded after the first two rounds) of dancers are invited back to perform. The Céilí dances used in competitions are more precise versions of those danced in less formal settings. There is a list of 30 Céilí dances which have been standardised and published in An Coimisiún's "Ar Rinncidhe Foirne" as examples of typical Irish folk dances; these are called the "book" dances by competitive stepdancers. Most Irish dancing competitions only ask for a short piece of any given dance, in the interests of time. There are two types of shoes; soft shoes (also
Cultural-historical activity theory configured through use in complex social situations. From the 1960s onwards, starting in the global South, and independently from the mainstream "European" developmental line, Leontiev's core "Objective Activity" concept has been used in a Social Development context. In the Organization Workshop's Large Group Capacitation-method, "objective/ized activity" acts as the core causal principle which postulates that, in order to change the mind-set of (large groups of) individuals, we need to start with changes to their activity – and/or to the object that "suggests" their activity. In Leontievian vein, the Organization Workshop is all about semiotically-mediated activities through which (large groups of)