Trough battery Trough battery The trough battery was a variant of Alessandro Volta's Voltaic Pile and was invented by William Cruickshank c. 1800. Volta's battery consisted of brine-soaked pieces of cloth sandwiched between zinc and copper discs, piled in a stack. This resulted in electrolyte leakage as the weight of the discs squeezed the electrolyte out of the cloth. Cruickshank solved this problem by laying the battery on its side in a rectangular box. The inside of this box was lined with shellac for insulation, and pairs of welded-together zinc and copper plates were laid out in this box, evenly spaced. The
Battery electric multiple unit battery/electric trains became operational on the through services on the Fukuhoku Yutaka Line in October 2016, which is electrified at 20 kV AC and the non-electrified Chikuhō Main Line, known as the "Wakamatsu Line", between Orio and Wakamatsu. A new EV-E801 series two-car BEMU train was introduced on the long non-electrified Oga Line in Akita Prefecture in March 2017. This differs from the earlier EV-E301 series train in being recharged from a 20 kV AC overhead supply instead of a 1,500 V DC overhead supply. Auckland Council has purchased 17 battery/electric trains from CAF in Spain, to operate between Britomart