Binary scaling angles are added using normal two's complement mathematics, the rotation of the angles is correct, even when crossing the sign boundary (this of course does away with checks for angle ≥ 360° when handling normal degrees). The terms binary angular measurement (BAM) and binary angular measurement system (BAMS) as well as brads (binary radians or binary degree) refer to implementations of binary angles. They find use in robotics, navigation, computer games, and digital sensors. No matter what bit-pattern is stored in a binary angle, when it is multiplied by 180° (or π) using standard signed fixed-point arithmetic, the result is
Degrees of freedom (statistics) if for no other reason than that, all else being equal, the fewer degrees of freedom, the better indices such as χ will be. It has been shown that degrees of freedom can be used by readers of papers that contain SEMs to determine if the authors of those papers are in fact reporting the correct model fit statistics. In the organizational sciences, for example, nearly half of papers published in top journals report degrees of freedom that are inconsistent with the models described in those papers, leaving the reader to wonder which models were actually tested. A common way