Target angle submarine observer estimating target angle pictures himself on the target ship looking back at the submarine. Relative bearing of the submarine is the clockwise angle in degrees from the heading of the target ship to a straight line drawn from the target ship to the submarine. When target angle is 0° (or 360° ) the target ship is coming directly toward the submarine. Target angles between 0° and 90° indicate the target ship is moving toward and to the right of the submarine. Target angles between 90° and 180° indicate the target ship is moving to the right and away
Zero degrees of freedom concentrates all probability at zero. All of this leaves open the question of what happens with zero degrees of freedom when the noncentrality parameter is not zero. The noncentral chi-squared distribution with zero degrees of freedom and with noncentrality parameter "μ" is the distribution of This concentrates probability "e" at zero; thus it is a mixture of discrete and continuous distributions Zero degrees of freedom In statistics, the non-central chi-squared distribution with zero degrees of freedom can be used in testing the null hypothesis that a sample is from a uniform distribution on the interval (0, 1). This distribution was