Institutional racism reforms of the spoils system in place since the 1830s, and abuses of the post-war Grant-Jacksonian era; when Congress authorized the president to appoint a Civil Service Commission and prescribe regulations for admission to public service. A dis-satisfied office-seeker assassinated President Garfield in 1881 and Congress was motivated to pass the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act in 1883 which firmly established civil service. During reconstruction, this enabled the federal government to provide jobs for newly freed blacks in the south (primarily the Postal Service) where no other employment opportunities existed for them. Since the inception of the merit system in
Aberdeen F.C. (1881) Aberdeen F.C. (1881) Aberdeen Football Club were a Scottish football team formed in 1881. On 14 April 1903 they merged with the two other Aberdeen clubs Victoria United and Orion to form the current Aberdeen Football Club. The club's first-ever game was a 1–4 defeat at Coupar Angus. Aberdeen played their first Scottish Cup tie against Dundee Harp in 1882. The club won its first trophy in 1888, the Aberdeenshire Cup. In 1891, Aberdeen became a founder member of the newly formed Northern League. On 1 February 1899, the club moved into Pittodrie Stadium which had previously been a dung