Antonine Wall wall was intended to extend Roman territory and dominance by replacing Hadrian's Wall to the south, as the frontier of "Britannia". But while the Romans did establish many forts and temporary camps further north of the Antonine Wall in order to protect their routes to the north of Scotland, they did not conquer the Caledonians, and the Antonine Wall suffered many attacks. The Romans called the land north of the wall "Caledonia", though in some contexts the term may refer to the whole area north of Hadrian's Wall. The Antonine Wall was shorter than Hadrian's Wall and built of turf
Hadrian's Wall to find their way into the construction of Jarrow Priory. The wall fascinated John Speed, who published a set of maps of England and Wales by county at the start of the 17th century. He described it as "the Picts Wall" (or "Pictes"; he uses both spellings). "A map of Newecastle" (sic), drawn in 1610 by William Matthew, described it as "Severus' Wall", mistakenly giving it the name ascribed by Bede to the Antonine Wall. The maps for Cumberland and Northumberland not only show the wall as a major feature, but are ornamented with drawings of Roman finds, together with,