Guatemalan quetzal dollar, it was pegged to the French franc as well, since the quetzal utilized the gold standard. In 1925, coins in denominations of 1, 5, 10 centavos, , and 1 quetzal were introduced, although the majority of the 1 quetzal coins were withdrawn from circulation and melted. and 2 centavos coins were added in 1932. Until 1965, coins of 5 centavos and above were minted in 72% silver. and 1 quetzal coins were reintroduced in 1998 and 1999, respectively. Coins currently in circulation are: The first banknotes were issued by the Central Bank of Guatemala in denominations of 1, 2,
Monetary-disequilibrium theory Monetary-disequilibrium theory Monetary disequilibrium theory is a product of the Monetarist school and is mainly represented in the works of Leland Yeager and Austrian macroeconomics. The basic concept of monetary equilibrium (disequilibrium) was, however, defined in terms of an individual's demand for cash balance by Mises (1912) in his "Theory of Money and Credit". Monetary disequilibrium is one of three theories of macroeconomic fluctuations which accord an important role to money, the others being the Austrian theory of the business cycle and one based on rational expectations. Leland Yeager's (1968) understanding of the monetary disequilibrium theory begins with fundamental properties