Meissen and the House of Wettin in 1089. In 1015 Meissen was besieged by the Poles led by future King Mieszko II. In 1241 the city was attacked in the Mongol raid on Meissen. The small Mongol force under Orda Khan defeated the city's defenders and much of the city was destroyed. The Mongols withdrew from Germany after the death of Ögedei Khan, sparing the region from further destruction. The city was at the forefront of the Ostsiedlung, or intensive German settlement of the rural Slavic lands east of the Elbe, and its reception of city rights dates to 1332. The
Ludwigsburg porcelain a porcelain manufactory, as it was not located near abundant woodland or clay deposits. Transportation of materials was difficult and therefore expensive. From 1751 on, Charles Eugene also attempted to make porcelain at Ludwigsburg but was unsuccessful. Then in January 1759, he hired , who had worked at Vienna, Höchst, Strasbourg, Frankenthal, and Nymphenburg, to direct Ludwigsburg's porcelain factory. Within months, Ringler was in charge of 35 employees. Among them was , a modeller who had worked at Meissen, Frankenthal, and Höchst, and Johann Wilhelm Beyer, better known for his later work as a sculptor in Vienna. Although the porcelain